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WO2014180239A1 - 一种治疗重症高原病的药物组合物 - Google Patents

一种治疗重症高原病的药物组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014180239A1
WO2014180239A1 PCT/CN2014/075793 CN2014075793W WO2014180239A1 WO 2014180239 A1 WO2014180239 A1 WO 2014180239A1 CN 2014075793 W CN2014075793 W CN 2014075793W WO 2014180239 A1 WO2014180239 A1 WO 2014180239A1
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acid
carnitine
pharmaceutically acceptable
acceptable salt
injection
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PCT/CN2014/075793
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢和兵
李庆宜
顾书华
吕伟红
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常州高新技术产业开发区三维工业技术研究所有限公司
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Publication of WO2014180239A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014180239A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/205Amine addition salts of organic acids; Inner quaternary ammonium salts, e.g. betaine, carnitine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00General protective or antinoxious agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/10Antioedematous agents; Diuretics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/02Non-specific cardiovascular stimulants, e.g. drugs for syncope, antihypotensives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical compositions, and in particular to a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of severe high altitude sickness.
  • Severe altitude sickness is a serious acute high altitude disease such as pulmonary edema, brain edema, and shock caused by acute high altitude hypoxia.
  • Traditional treatments for severe high altitude sickness are inhalation of hyperbaric oxygen and symptomatic treatment (reducing pulmonary artery pressure, intracranial pressure, etc.), if necessary, endotracheal intubation, continuous positive pressure ventilation and adequate oxygen supply, until the condition is stable, then go to lowland to continue treatment
  • painkillers such as aspirin, diuretics such as acetazolamide, furosemide, adrenocortical drugs such as dexamethasone, various vitamins and aminophylline, etc., such as heart failure
  • a cardiac glycoside drug such as the scutellaria sinensis or scutellaria.
  • the above-mentioned drugs are mainly symptomatic treatments with stable conditions, and the effects are limited, and severe toxic and side effects are caused after a large amount of use, such
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for treating severe high altitude sickness.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a use of the above composition for the preparation of a pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of severe high altitude disease such as high altitude pulmonary edema, high altitude cerebral edema and shock.
  • trimetazidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and L-carnitine or a derivative thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for promoting fatty acid oxidation are in a specific weight ratio of 1 in a large number of animal experiments. :200 for combined application or combination into a composition, with anti-hypoxia, improve hemodynamics, improve blood oxygen saturation, protect brain tissue cells and cardiomyocytes under normoxic hypoxia and hypobaric hypoxia It is indicated that the composition can be used for preparing medicine for treating high altitude disease, and is particularly suitable for preparing medicine for treating severe altitude sickness, such as high altitude pulmonary edema, high altitude cerebral edema and shock.
  • Severe high altitude disease is a series of severe acute altitude sickness caused by severe acute high altitude hypoxia caused by pulmonary edema, brain edema and shock. Severe acute plateau hypoxia can cause pulmonary venous vasoconstriction, increased resistance, leading to pulmonary hypertension, and increased pulmonary capillary permeability, coupled with lymphatic dysfunction caused by hypoxia, ultimately leading to pulmonary edema; Causes small blood vessels in the brain and increased permeability, resulting in cerebral edema. If the symptoms of high altitude hypoxia disappear, they will eventually lead to high altitude coma, shock, heart, brain and other important organs that die due to insufficient energy supply. Shock is a variety of strong pathogenic factors acting on the body.
  • the circulatory function is drastically reduced, the microcirculation perfusion of tissues and organs is seriously insufficient, and the systemic critical pathological process of vital organs and metabolic disorders is important. Shock is an acute syndrome. In this state, the effective blood flow of the whole body is reduced, and the microcirculation is impeded, leading to ischemia and hypoxia of important vital organs.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating severe high altitude disease, the pharmaceutical composition comprising the active ingredient L-carnitine or a derivative thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the active ingredient trimetazidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable drug thereof It is composed of a salt and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, wherein the weight ratio of L-carnitine or a derivative thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to trimetazidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 200:1.
  • the L-carnitine or a derivative thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from the group consisting of L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, propionyl L-carnitine, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of trimetazidine and L-carnitine or derivatives thereof include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid.
  • the severe plateau diseases according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, clinical manifestations of severe altitude sickness such as high altitude coma, high altitude pulmonary edema, high altitude cerebral edema and shock.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be mixed with a pharmaceutical excipient known in the art and prepared into an oral preparation and an injection preparation by a conventional technique, and the oral preparation includes a pharmaceutical oral preparation such as a tablet or a capsule, and the injection preparation includes an injection solution and lyophilization. Injection of pharmaceutical preparations such as powder injection.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is: L-carnitine or a derivative thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof 10-500 mg/kg, Trimetazidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof 0.1-3 mg /kg.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention provides an injection capable of rapidly acting and effectively treating severe high altitude disease, including but not limited to high altitude coma, high altitude pulmonary edema, high altitude cerebral edema, and shock.
  • the injection comprises the active ingredient L-carnitine or a derivative thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the active ingredient trimetazidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, wherein L-carnitine or a derivative thereof or The weight ratio of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt to trimetazidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 200:1.
  • the injection is preferably an injection solution and a lyophilized powder injection; the injection may also be in a combination package.
  • L-carnitine or a derivative thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from the group consisting of L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, propionyl L-carnitine, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of oxazine and L-carnitine or derivatives thereof include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, lyric acid, lemon a salt formed by acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, pantothenic acid, methanesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid; said severe plateau disease includes high altitude coma, high altitude pulmonary edema, high altitude cerebral edema And shock.
  • Example 1 Observing the effect of different doses of intravenous injection of L-carnitine and trimetazidine hydrochloride on hypoxia in mice Trimetazidine Hydrochloride: 0.75, 2.25, 4.5 mg/kg, which is equivalent to a daily dose of 5, 15, 30 mg for humans ; L-carnitine: 450 mg/kg, which is equivalent to a daily dose of 3 g for humans.
  • mice Forty male mice, weighing 20 ⁇ 2g, were randomly divided into 4 groups according to body weight, 10 rats in each group, 10ml/kg tail vein injection, blank control group was given equal volume of normal saline, 1 time/day, continuous 7 Days, after the last administration of lh, each group of mice was placed in a 160 ml jar with 5 g of sodium lime in advance, one bottle per bottle, and then the cap was smeared with Vaseline to seal, with death as an indicator, record small The survival time of rats is swelled.
  • Example 2 Effects of L-carnitine and trimetazidine hydrochloride (200:1), injection, single-party and compound on acute cerebral hypoxia model in mice
  • mice Forty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, L-carnitine 600 mg/kg group, trimetazidine hydrochloride 3 mg/kg group, L-carnitine 600+ Trimetazamine hydrochloride 3 mg/ Kg group, 10 in each group. 10 ml/kg was administered by injection, and the normal control group was given an equal volume of physiological saline once a day for 7 days. After the last administration for 1 hour, the mice were quickly decapitated from behind the ear, and the stop time of the mice after the break of the head to the mouth was immediately recorded by the stopwatch. The results are shown in Table 2.
  • the homogenate was centrifuged at 2000 r/min for 5 min at 4 ° C, the supernatant was separated, and glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), and Y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were detected in the brain tissue of the mouse using an amino acid analyzer. , the content of glycine (Gly).
  • Excitatory amino acids (EAA) represented by Glu, Asp, GABA and Gly after brain injury are high in the brain.
  • excessive release of Glu is one of the important mechanisms leading to neuronal death in secondary brain injury, especially when Glu activates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor to induce intracellular calcium overload.
  • NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate
  • Trimetazidine 3 18.02 ⁇ 1.19 15.51 ⁇ 2.17 3.65 ⁇ 1.26 3.95 ⁇ 1.05
  • L-carnitine 600 + trimetazidine 3 mg / kg group can significantly prolong the gasping time after decapitation in mice (P ⁇ 0.01), and has a synergistic effect, indicating that the composition has significant anti-cerebral hypoxia The role.
  • the composition can significantly reduce the EAA content in the brain tissue compared with the single drug, thereby exerting a protective effect on hypoxic brain damage.
  • Example 3 Observation of the effects of L-carnitine and trimetazidine hydrochloride (200:1) on hypobaric hypoxia in rats
  • the dose of L-carnitine + trimetazidine hydrochloride was set at 600+3 mg/kg.
  • mice Twenty Wister rats, weighing 150g ⁇ 190g, were randomly divided into 3 groups: normoxia control group: plain words, materials; acute hypoxia group: animals were placed in hypobaric oxygen chamber, the oxygen partial pressure in the chamber was ll.OlKpa (about equivalent to an oxygen partial pressure of 5000m above sea level) After continuous decompression and oxygen deprivation for 3d, it is placed in a low-pressure oxygen chamber with a partial pressure of oxygen of 13.25Kpa (about the equivalent of 4000m of oxygen). Specimens, Qi Yang. Common animal models and anti-hypoxia drugs for anti-hypoxia research. Chinese Journal of Pharmacy, 2010, 26 (2): 170-173]; Administration group: 10ml/kg injection.
  • the number of oxygen partial pressures in the warehouse is 13.25Kpa (about the equivalent of oxygen partial pressure of 4000m above sea level). According to the specimen. All animals are free to eat and drink.
  • the administration group can significantly increase the hemodynamic index, indicating that the composition has an increase in hemodynamics. use.
  • each of the drug-administered groups significantly increased the oxygen partial pressure and oxygen saturation of the acute hypoxic arteries in rats (P ⁇ 0.01), indicating that the composition was administered with anti-hypoxia.
  • Example 5 Compound for injection (L-carnitine + trimetazidine hydrochloride) Sterile lyophilized preparation
  • Process Dissolve each of the above ingredients in an appropriate amount of water for injection, aseptically filter, install in ampoules, freeze and seal, and check for leaks.
  • Example 5 The L-carnitine in Example 5 was changed to acetyl-L-carnitine or propionyl-L-carnitine, and the other prescriptions and techniques were the same as in Example 5.
  • the L-carnitine in Example 5 was changed to L-carnitine with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, abietic acid, citric acid,
  • the salts formed by oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, pantothenic acid, methanesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid, respectively, are in accordance with the fifth embodiment.
  • trimetazidine hydrochloride in the fifth embodiment is changed to trimetazidine with hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid
  • the salts formed by succinic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, pantothenic acid, methanesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid, respectively, are the same as in the fifth embodiment.
  • Example 10 Combination packaging of L-carnitine preparation and trimetazidine hydrochloride preparation
  • the L-carnitine formulation and the trimetazidine hydrochloride formulation were prepared or purchased separately, as shown in Table 7.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于治疗重症高原病的药物组合物,其特征在于曲美他嗪或其可药用盐与左卡尼汀或其衍生物或其可药用盐组成组合物,二者的重量比例为1:200。

Description

一种治 ^症高原病的药物组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及药物组合物领域, 具体地说, 涉及一种治疗重症高原病的药物组合物。
技术背景
重症高原病是严重的急性高原缺氧引起的肺水肿、 脑水肿、 休克等严重型急性高原病。 重症高原病的传统治疗手段为吸入高压氧和对症治疗(降低肺动脉压、颅压等), 必要时 采用气管插管, 持续性正压通气并充分给氧, 待病情稳定后转至低地继续治疗及药物治疗, 目前常用的治疗药物有止痛药如阿司匹林, 利尿剂如乙酰唑胺、 呋塞米, 肾上腺皮质激素类 药物如地塞米松, 各种维生素及氨茶碱等, 如出现心力衰竭还要使用强心苷类药物, 如毛旋 花子甙 κ或毛花甙 。 但上述药物主要是病情稳定的对症治疗, 效果有限, 而且大量使用后 会产生严重的毒副作用, 如大量使用利尿剂会使得电解质紊乱。
此外, 常用含红景天的中药制剂进行缺氧的预防和治疗, 这类中药能够辅助提高机体对 缺氧的适应性, 降低应激反应, 但该类中药起效缓慢, 效果有限, 不能满足重症高原病的治 疗需要。
中国专利申请号 200310104871.X公开了左卡尼汀具有预防和治疗高原病的作用,但未见 应用于临床的报道。
显然, 目前市场上缺乏一种安全、 有效用于治疗和急救重症高原病的药物。 本发明的目的之一是提供一种治疗重症高原病的药物组合物。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种上述组合物在制备治疗重症高原病例如高原肺水肿、 高原 脑水肿和休克的药物制剂中的用途。
本发明的研究者经过大量的动物实验, 意外地发现将曲美他嗪或其可药用盐与促进脂肪 酸氧化的左卡尼汀或其衍生物或其可药用盐按照特定的重量比例 1:200进行联合应用或组合 成组合物应用, 具有抗缺氧、 提高血液动力学指标, 提高血氧饱和度, 对常压缺氧和低压缺 氧条件下的脑组织细胞和心肌细胞具有保护作用, 说明该组合物是能够用于制备治疗高原病 的药物, 特别适于制备治疗重症高原病, 例如高原肺水肿、 高原脑水肿和休克的药物。
重症高原病是严重的急性高原缺氧引起的肺水肿、 脑水肿、 休克等一系列严重型急性高 原病。 严重的急性高原缺氧可引起肺小静脉血管收缩, 阻力增加, 导致肺动脉高压, 又可使 肺毛细血管通透性增高, 加上缺氧引起的淋巴循环障碍, 最终促发肺水肿; 还可引起脑部小 血管痉挛和通透性增加, 产生脑水肿。 高原缺氧症状如不能自行消失, 最终导致高原昏迷, 休克, 心、 脑等重要脏器由于能量供应不足而死亡。 休克系各种强烈致病因素作用于机体, 使循环功能急剧减退, 组织器官微循环灌流严重不足, 以至重要生命器官机能、 代谢严重障 碍的全身危重病理过程。 休克是一急性的综合征。 在这种状态下, 全身有效血流量减少, 微 循环出现障碍, 导致重要的生命器官缺血缺氧。
本发明提供了一种用于治疗重症高原病的药物组合物, 所述药物组合物由活性成分左卡 尼汀或其衍生物或其可药用盐, 活性成分曲美他嗪或其可药用盐和可药用辅料组成, 其中左 卡尼汀或其衍生物或其可药用盐与曲美他嗪或其可药用盐的重量比为 200: 1。
本发明药物组合物中, 所述的左卡尼汀或其衍生物或其可药用盐选自左卡尼汀、 乙酰左 卡尼汀、 丙酰左卡尼汀及其可药用盐; 所述的曲美他嗪和左卡尼汀或其衍生物的可药用的盐 包括它们与盐酸、 溴氢酸、 碘氢酸、 硫酸、 硝酸、 磷酸、 乙酸、 马来酸、 富马酸、 枸缘酸、 柠檬酸、 草酸、 琥珀酸、 酒石酸、 苹果酸、 扁桃酸、 三氟乙酸、 泛酸、 甲磺酸和对甲苯磺酸 形成的盐。
本发明所述的重症高原病包括但不限于高原昏迷、 高原肺水肿、 高原脑水肿和休克等重 症高原病临床表现。
本发明的药物组合物可与本领域公知的药用辅料混合, 用常规的技术制备成口服制剂和 注射制剂使用, 口服制剂包括片剂, 胶囊等药物口服制剂, 注射制剂包括注射液和冻干粉针 剂等注射药物制剂。
本发明所述的药物组合物, 成人给药的日剂量为: 左卡尼汀或其衍生物或其可药用盐 10-500mg/kg, 曲美他嗪或其可药用盐 0.1-3mg/kg。
本发明一个特别优选的实例是提供了一种能够快速发挥作用和有效治疗重症高原病的注 射剂, 所述的重症高原病包括但不限于高原昏迷、 高原肺水肿、 高原脑水肿和休克, 所述注 射剂由活性成分左卡尼汀或其衍生物或其可药用盐, 活性成分曲美他嗪或其可药用盐和可药 用辅料组成, 其中左卡尼汀或其衍生物或其可药用盐与曲美他嗪或其可药用盐的重量比为 200: 1。 所述的注射剂优选注射液和冻干粉针剂; 所述的注射剂也可以是组合包装型式。 其中 所述的左卡尼汀或其衍生物或其可药用盐选自左卡尼汀、 乙酰左卡尼汀、 丙酰左卡尼汀及其 可药用盐; 所述的曲美他嗪和左卡尼汀或其衍生物的可药用的盐包括它们与盐酸、 溴氢酸、 碘氢酸、 硫酸、 硝酸、 磷酸、 乙酸、 马来酸、 富马酸、 枸缘酸、 柠檬酸、 草酸、 琥珀酸、 酒 石酸、 苹果酸、 扁桃酸、 三氟乙酸、 泛酸、 甲磺酸和对甲苯磺酸形成的盐; 所述的重症高原 病包括高原昏迷、 高原肺水肿、 高原脑水肿和休克。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例仅仅用于进一步解释本发明, 而不是对本发明范围的限制。
实施例一:观察左卡尼汀和盐酸曲美他嗪组合不同剂量配比静脉注射对小鼠常压缺氧的影响 盐酸曲美他嗪: 0.75、 2.25、 4.5mg/kg, 约相当于人用日剂量 5、 15、 30mg; 左卡尼汀: 450mg/kg, 约相当于人用日剂量 3g
选用雄性小鼠 40只, 体重 20±2g, 按体重随机分为 4组, 每组 10只, 10ml/kg尾静脉 注射给药, 空白对照组给予等体积生理盐水, 1次 /天, 连续 7天, 末次给药 lh后, 将各组小 鼠放入预先加有 5g钠石灰的 160ml广口瓶中, 每瓶 1只, 然后将瓶盖用凡士林涂抹封紧, 以 死亡为指标, 记录小鼠存活时间 嵇扬.抗缺氧研究常用动物模型及抗缺氧药物.解放军 药学学报, 2010, 26 (2) : 170-173], 结果见表 1。
表 1 常压耐缺氧存活时间比较 (n=10, x±S)
组别 /剂量 (mg/kg) 存活时间 (min) 延长存活时间 (%)
正常对照组 22.1 ±4.4 - 左卡尼汀 450+盐酸曲美他嗪 0.75 30.4±5.8** 37.6
左卡尼汀 450+盐酸曲美他嗪 2.25 32.8±4.6** 48.4
左卡尼汀 450+盐酸曲美他嗪 4.5 32.5±3.2** 47.0
注: 与正常对照组比较, **P<0.01。
结果表明: 各给药组均能显著延长小鼠耐缺氧存活时间, 说明左卡尼汀与盐酸曲美他嗪 组合成的组合物具有抗缺氧的作用, 可以用于治疗重症高原病, 左卡尼汀用量不变, 以左卡 尼汀和盐酸曲美他嗪重量比 200:1效果明显好于 600:1, 与 100:1效果差别相似, 所以优选最 佳比 200:1。
实施例二: 左卡尼汀和盐酸曲美他嗪 (200:1), 注射给药, 单方和复方对小鼠急性脑缺氧模 型的作用
将 40只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为 4组: 正常对照组、 左卡尼汀 600mg/kg组、 盐酸曲美他 嗪 3 mg/kg组、 左卡尼汀 600+盐酸曲美他嗪 3mg/kg组, 每组 10只。 10ml/kg注射给药, 正 常对照组给予等体积的生理盐水, 1次 /天, 连续给药 7天。 末次给药 lh后, 将小鼠从耳后迅 速断头, 立即按秒表记录小鼠断头后至张口喘气停止时间, 结果见表 2。
表 2 单、 复方对小鼠急性脑缺氧模型的作用 (n=10, ±S)
组别 /剂量 (mg/kg) 断头后喘气时间 (s)
正常对照组 17.4+1.8
左卡尼汀 600 19.8 ±1.5
曲美他嗪 3 17.8±2.1
左卡尼汀 600+曲美他嗪 3 24.8±1.3**
注: 与正常对照组比较, **P<0.01。 脑组织生化指标测定: 小鼠死亡后, 立即冰浴条件下取脑组织, 以冰生理盐水冲洗, 除 去残血, 按 1:9比例加入冰冷的无水乙醇, 冰浴条件下用高速匀浆机 (10s/次, 间隔 15s, 共 4次)将脑组织制成 10%脑组织匀浆。 将匀浆液于 4°C以 2000r/min离心 5min, 分离上清, 采 用氨基酸分析仪检测小鼠脑组织中谷氨酸(Glu)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、 Y-氨基丁酸(GABA)、 甘氨酸(Gly)的含量。脑损伤后以 Glu、 Asp, GABA和 Gly等为代表的兴奋性氨基酸(EAA) 在脑内含量较高。 尤其是 Glu的过度释放是导致继发性脑损伤神经元死亡的重要机制之一, 特别是 Glu激活 N-甲基 -D-天门冬氨酸 (NMDA) 受体引起神经元内钙超载而激发的级联损 伤效应是导致迟发性神经元死亡的重要原因, 线粒体功能的损伤程度决定了神经元的死亡方 式 [Clemens J A, Stephenson D T, Smalsting E B. Global ischemia activate nuclear. Storke, 1997, 28:1073-1076.] 0 结果见表 3。
表 3 对脑组织中兴奋性氨基酸 (EAA) 含量的影响 (x±S, n=10)
组别 /剂量 (mg/kg) Glu Asp GABA Gly
( μ mol/L) ( μ mol/L) ( μ mol/L) ( μ mol/L)
正常对照组 21.15±1.06 16.03±2.11 4.11±0.78 4.96 ±2.25
左卡尼汀 600 17.22±1.12 15.24±4.15 3.12±0.91 3.45 ±1.24
曲美他嗪 3 18.02±1.19 15.51±2.17 3.65±1.26 3.95 ±1.05
左卡尼汀 600+曲美他嗪 3 12.15±1.29** 15.13±1.58 3.02±0.56* 3.24±2.14
注: 与正常对照组比较, *P<0.05, **P<0.01。
结果表明:
由表 2, 左卡尼汀 600+曲美他嗪 3mg/kg组能显著延长小鼠断头后喘气时间 (P<0.01), 并具 有协同作用, 说明本组合物具有显著的抗脑缺氧的作用。
由表 3, 组合物与单方药物相比, 可显著降低脑组织中 EAA含量, 从而发挥对缺氧脑损伤的 保护作用。
实施例三: 观察左卡尼汀和盐酸曲美他嗪 (200:1) 对大鼠低压缺氧的影响
设置左卡尼汀 +盐酸曲美他嗪剂量为 600+3mg/kg。
选用 Wister大鼠 30只, 体重 150g〜190g, 随机分为 3组: 常氧对照组: 平原地区词养、 取材; 急性缺氧组: 将动物置于低压氧舱内, 仓内氧分压为 ll.OlKpa (约相当于海拔 5000m 的氧分压) 连续减压缺氧 3d后, 再置于仓内氧分压为 13.25Kpa (约相当于海拔 4000m的氧 分压) 的低压氧舱内采取标本 , 嵇扬.抗缺氧研究常用动物模型及抗缺氧药物.解放军药 学学报, 2010, 26 (2): 170-173]; 给药组: 10ml/kg注射给药。 于进低压氧舱前 4d开始, 持续 7d, 在仓内氧分压为 13.25Kpa (约相当于海拔 4000m的氧分压) 的低压氧舱内采取数 据及标本。 所有动物自由进食及饮水。
血液动力学测定: 各组动物在相应时间点内分别经右颈外静脉插至心导管、 肺动脉、 经 左颈总动脉插入心导管至主动脉、 左心室; 用四道生理记录仪检测记录心率 (HR)、 肺动脉 压 (PAP)、 主动脉收缩压 (SAP)、 主动脉舒张压 (DAP)、 左室收缩压 (LVSP)、 左室舒张 压 (LVEDP)、 左心室压力最大上升速率 (+dp/dtmax), 结果见表 4
复方对模拟高原缺氧条件下大鼠血液学指标的影响 (n=10
组别 /剂量 PAP SAP DAP LVSP +dp/dt HR
(mg/kg) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (heat/min) 常氧对照组 3.5 ±0.6 15.8 ± 1.6 10.5 ±2.8 16.9± 1.6 664 ± 83 360 ±40 急性缺氧组 5.3 ±0.7 22.9 ±3.7 15.6±3.2 25.5 ±3.0 695 ±72 377 ±50 左卡尼汀 600+盐酸曲美 4.1 士 18.0 士 12.3 士 19.8 士 555 士 370 ±50 他嗪 3 0.8** 2.2** 2.1** 2.2** 45**
注: 与急性缺氧组比较, **P<0.01
血气分析:主动脉采血 lml,肝素抗凝,测定血氧分压 Pa02、氧饱和度 Sa02等血气指标, 结果见表 5
表 5复方对模拟高原缺氧条件下大鼠血气分析的影响 (n=10 ±S)
3\ Pa02(kPa) Sa02(%)
常氧对照组 12.2 + 2.4 ~~ 91.4 + 6.3
急性缺氧组 5.5 ± 1.5 63.7 ± 13.8
左卡尼汀 600+盐酸曲美他嗪 3 7.5 ± 1.7** 76.3 ± 15.2**
注: 与急性缺氧组比较, **P<0.01
心肌损伤标志物测定:主动脉采血 2ml,测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性及血浆内皮素(ET-1 )、 心钠素 (ANP) 含量, 结果见表 6
表 6复方对模拟高原缺氧条件下大鼠心肌损伤的保护 (n=10 ±S)
组别 LDH (U/L) ET-1 (pg/ml) ANP (pg/ml) 常氧对照组 3469.17 + 236.15 188.52 + 30.05 172.13 + 52.17 ~ 急性缺氧组 4575.25 ±391.05 861.25 ±58.13 431.21 ±74.24 左卡尼汀 600+盐酸曲美他嗪 3 3813.11 ±324.06** 321.06±54.06** 270.56±48.08** 注: 与急性缺氧组比较, **P<0.01
结果表明:
由表 4, 给药组均能显著增加血液动力学指标, 说明本组合物具有增加血液动力学的作 用。
由表 5, 各给药组均能显著提高大鼠急性缺氧动脉血氧分压和氧饱和度 (P<0.01 ), 说明 本组合物注射给药具有抗缺氧的作用。
由表 6, 与常氧对照组相比, 急性缺氧组大鼠血浆 LDH活性明显升高 (P<0.01 ), ET-1 和 ANP含量明显增加 (P<0.01 )。 与急性缺氧组比较, 各给药组 LDH活性明显降低, ET-1 和 ANP含量均显著下降 (P<0.01 )。 可见, 本组合物注射给药可明显减轻低压缺氧下的心肌 组织损伤程度, 对心肌组织具有一定的保护作用。
实施例四: 复方 (左卡尼汀 +盐酸曲美他嗪) 输液
处方: 左卡尼汀 600g
盐酸曲美他嗪 3g
依地酸二钠 5g
盐酸 200g
注射用水 加至 10000ml
工艺: 取约 8000ml热注射用水, 按处方量投入左卡尼汀、盐酸曲美他嗪, 搅拌使全溶, 加抗氧剂, 并用 10%盐酸调 PH至 6.0左右, 加注射用水适量, 在加入 0.15%活性炭脱色, 过 滤至澄明, 灌封于 100ml输液瓶内, 充氮气, 加塞, 轧盖, 于 10CTC灭菌 30min即可。
实施例五: 注射用复方 (左卡尼汀 +盐酸曲美他嗪) 无菌冻干制剂
处方: 左卡尼汀 3000g
盐酸曲美他嗪 15g
水解明胶 (填充剂) 5000ml
甘露醇 (填充剂) 100g
葡萄糖酸钙 (填充剂) 10g
半胱氨酸 (稳定剂) 0.50g
工艺: 将上述各成分用适量注射用水溶解后, 无菌过滤, 安装于安瓿中, 冷冻干燥后封 口, 漏气检查即得。
实施例六: 复方 (左卡尼汀 +盐酸曲美他嗪) 注射液
处方: 左卡尼汀 2000g
盐酸曲美他嗪 10g
盐酸 200g
注射用水 加至 10000ml
工艺: 取约 8000ml热注射用水, 按处方量投入左卡尼汀、盐酸曲美他嗪, 搅拌使全溶, 加抗氧剂, 并用 10%盐酸调 PH至 6.0左右, 加注射用水适量, 在加入 0.2%活性炭脱色, 过 滤至澄明, 灌封于 5ml安瓿瓶内, 充氮灌封, 湿热灭菌, 121 °C灭菌 30min即可。
实施例七: 复方注射液
将实施例五中的左卡尼汀改为乙酰左卡尼汀或丙酰左卡尼汀, 其他处方和工艺与实施例五一 致。
实施例八: 复方注射液
将实施例五中的左卡尼汀改为左卡尼汀与盐酸、溴氢酸、碘氢酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、 乙酸、 马来酸、 富马酸、 枸缘酸、 柠檬酸、 草酸、 琥珀酸、 酒石酸、 苹果酸、 扁桃酸、 三氟乙酸、 泛酸、 甲磺酸和对甲苯磺酸分别形成的盐, 其他处方和工艺与实施例五一致。
实施例九: 复方注射液
将实施例五中的盐酸曲美他嗪改为曲美他嗪与溴氢酸、 碘氢酸、 硫酸、 硝酸、 磷酸、 乙酸、 马来酸、 富马酸、 枸缘酸、 柠檬酸、 草酸、 琥珀酸、 酒石酸、 苹果酸、 扁桃酸、 三氟乙酸、 泛酸、 甲磺酸和对甲苯磺酸分别形成的盐, 其他处方和工艺与实施例五一致。
实施例十: 左卡尼汀制剂、 盐酸曲美他嗪制剂的组合包装
分别制备或购买左卡尼汀制剂和盐酸曲美他嗪制剂, 如表 7所示。
表 7 不同规格的左卡尼汀制剂和盐酸曲美他嗪制剂
Figure imgf000008_0001
得上述 2种制剂进行组合, 每种组合制剂的数量可以按照临床需要进行确定

Claims

1、 一种治疗重症高原病的药物组合物, 其特征在于该药物组合物包括活性成分 左卡尼汀或其衍生物或其可药用盐, 活性成分曲美他嗪或其可药用盐和可药用 辅料,其中左卡尼汀或其衍生物或其可药用盐与曲美他嗪或其可药用盐的重量比 为 200: 1。
2、 权利要求 1所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于其中所述的左卡尼汀或其衍生物 或其可药用盐选自左卡尼汀、 乙酰左卡尼汀、 丙酰左卡尼汀及其可药用盐。
3、 权利要求 1所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于其中所述的曲美他嗪和左卡尼汀 或其衍生物的可药用的盐包括它们与盐酸、溴氢酸、碘氢酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、 乙酸、 马来酸、 富马酸、 枸缘酸、 柠檬酸、 草酸、 琥珀酸、 酒石酸、 苹果酸、 扁 桃酸、 三氟乙酸、 泛酸、 甲磺酸、 对甲苯磺酸形成的盐。
4、 权利要求 1-3任一权利要求所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于其中所述的药物 组合物是口服剂和注射剂。
5、 权利要求 4所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于其中所述的注射剂是注射液或冻 干粉针剂。
6、 权利要求 5所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于其中所述的注射剂是组合包装注 射剂。
7、 左卡尼汀或其衍生物或其可药用盐和曲美他嗪或其可药用盐在制备治疗重症 高原病的药物中的用途,其特征在于: 左卡尼汀或其衍生物或其可药用盐与曲美 他嗪或其可药用盐的重量比为 200: 1。
8、 权利要求 7所述的用途, 其特征在于其中所述的左卡尼汀或其衍生物或其可 药用盐选自左卡尼汀、 乙酰左卡尼汀、 丙酰左卡尼汀及其可药用盐。
9、 权利要求 7所述的用途, 其特征在于所述的曲美他嗪和左卡尼汀或其衍生物 的可药用的盐包括它们与盐酸、 溴氢酸、 碘氢酸、 硫酸、 硝酸、 磷酸、 乙酸、 马 来酸、 富马酸、 枸缘酸、 柠檬酸、 草酸、 琥珀酸、 酒石酸、 苹果酸、 扁桃酸、 三 氟乙酸、 泛酸、 甲磺酸和对甲苯磺酸形成的盐。
10、权利要求 6-9任一权利要求所述的用途, 其特征在于其中所述的药物是注射 液或冻干粉针剂。
11、 权利要求 10所述的用途, 其特征在于所述的药物是组合包装注射剂。
12、权利要求 7所述的用途, 其特征在于成人给药的日剂量为: 左卡尼汀或其衍 生物或其可药用盐 10-500mg/kg, 曲美他嗪或其可药用盐 0.1-3mg/kg。
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