CN113491686A - 一种抗应激药物组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
一种抗应激药物组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113491686A CN113491686A CN202010252074.XA CN202010252074A CN113491686A CN 113491686 A CN113491686 A CN 113491686A CN 202010252074 A CN202010252074 A CN 202010252074A CN 113491686 A CN113491686 A CN 113491686A
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- stress
- levocarnitine
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗应激药物组合物及其用途,该组合物由左卡尼汀、左卡尼汀衍生物、左卡尼汀或其衍生物的可药用盐及代谢类、磷酸盐类、氨基酸类、矿物质类、微量元素类、维生素类、有机酸类、脂肪酸类、磷酯类、抗应激草药中的一种或几种组成,具有预防应激反应产生,减少应激发作损伤的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物领域,具体地说,涉及一种抗应激药物组合物及其在制备防治抗应激药物中的用途。
背景技术
应激是指机体受到外来刺激产生的非特异性反应的总和,是下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺皮质系统的综合反应。
应激的种类大体可以分为:物理性应激,包括噪声、振动、温度( 高低温)、潮湿、电磁辐射、低氧等;化学性应激,包括食品添加剂、烟草、酒精、毒气和废气、重金属及农药等有毒物质;生物性应激,主要指致病菌、病毒、花粉、霉菌等可引起感染和过敏的生物应激物;社会性应激,包括政治经济问题、家庭邻里纠纷、退休、失业、工作中的麻烦、婚丧嫁娶等生活中的问题等;心理性应激,主要指工作和生活中矛盾以及人际关系引起的恐惧、愤怒、不满、不安、憎恨、悲痛等。此外,还有手术或创伤引起的机体应激。
理想的抗应激药物应具备预防应激和降低应激反应的作用。目前尚没有此类药物。
发明内容
本发明第一目的是提供一种抗应激药物,第二目的是提供一种包含所述抗应激药物的抗应激药物组合物,第三目的是提供一种抗应激药物或抗应激药物组合物在制备抗应激药物中的应用。
本发明的抗应激药物,包含左卡尼汀、左卡尼汀衍生物、左卡尼汀药用盐中的一种或多种,所述左卡尼汀衍生物包含甲酰左卡尼汀、乙酰左卡尼汀、丙酰左卡尼汀;所述的左卡尼汀可药用盐包含盐酸盐、溴氢酸盐、碘氢酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、枸缘酸盐、柠檬酸盐、草酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、苹果酸盐、扁桃酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、泛酸盐、甲磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐。
左卡尼汀是哺乳动物能量代谢中必需的体内天然物质,其主要功能是促进脂类代谢。它既能将长链脂肪酸带进线粒体基质,并促进其氧化分解,为细胞提供能量,又能将线粒体内产生的短链脂肪酸输出。补充左卡尼汀可缓解因体内肉碱缺乏引起的脂肪代谢紊乱、骨骼肌和心肌等组织的功能障碍。临床用于防治左卡尼汀缺乏症,适用于继发性肉碱缺乏产生的一系列并发症状,临床表现如心肌病、骨骼肌病、心律失常、高脂血症,以及低血压和透析中肌痉挛等。此外,左卡尼汀对机体脑、心脏、肝脏、肾脏等重要组织的缺血缺氧损伤具有显著的保护作用,在心脑血管疾病治疗领域具有广泛的应用,且不良反应少,安全性高,临床有大量用于治疗慢性肾衰竭、心肌炎、心力衰竭、心绞痛、心肌梗死、抗疲劳、提高运动耐力、抗氧化、抗癌等应用报道。
本发明的抗应激的药物组合物,包括本发明的抗应激药物,及代谢类、磷酸盐类、氨基酸类、矿物质类、微量元素类、维生素类、有机酸类、脂肪酸类、磷酯类、抗应激草药中的一种或几种。
所述代谢类药物包括曲美他嗪、盐酸曲美他嗪、长春西汀、肌酐葡萄糖、辅酶A、能量合剂、果糖二磷酸钠;所述磷酸盐类物质包括一磷酸腺苷、二磷酸腺苷、三磷酸腺苷;所述氨基酸类包括亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、络氨酸、甲硫氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、组氨酸;所述矿物质类包括钙、钾、铁、锌、镁;所述维生素类包括维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B5、维生素B6、维生素B7、维生素B9、维生素B12、维生素B13、维生素B15、胆碱、肌醇;所述微量元素类包括铁、锌、硒、碘;所述有机酸类包括肌酸;所述磷酯类包括磷脂酰丝氨酸;所述脂肪酸类包括长链脂肪酸、中链甘油三酸酯;所述抗应激草药包括贯叶连翘、西番莲、缬草、银杏叶、人参、刺五加。
本发明的抗应激药物或抗应激药物组合物在制备抗应激波动的药物中的用途。
所述的应激包括噪声、振动、温度( 高低温)、潮湿、电磁辐射、低氧等引起的物理性应激;食品添加剂、烟草、酒精、毒气和废气、重金属及农药等有毒物质引起的化学性应激;致病菌、病毒、花粉、霉菌等可引起感染和过敏的生物应激物引起的生物性应激;政治经济问题、家庭邻里纠纷、退休、失业、工作中的麻烦、婚丧嫁娶等生活中的问题等引起的社会性应激;工作和生活中矛盾以及人际关系引起的恐惧、愤怒、不满、不安、憎恨、悲痛等引起的心理性应激;以及手术或创伤引起的机体应激。
所述的药物组合物以口服给药形式、注射给药形式或局部给药形式给药。所述的口服给药形式包括片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、口服溶液剂、糖浆剂、吸入剂、喷剂;所述的注射给药形式包括冻干粉针剂、注射用混悬剂、注射用乳剂、溶液注射剂;所述局部给药形式包括气雾剂、软膏剂、洗剂、栓剂、贴剂、搽剂、滴眼剂、阴道泡腾片。
所述的药物组合物中各药物组分的用量均参照这些组分已经上市的单方制剂产品的药品使用说明书中记载的用量,也可通过有限的科学试验筛选出优选的各药物组分的重量比范围或特定的比例。
具体实施方式:
以下实施例可以帮助本领域的技术人员更全面的理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1:对低压缺氧应激的影响
SD大鼠,40只,随机分为高原对照组、左卡组(左卡尼汀400mg/kg)、左曲组(左卡尼汀400mg/kg +盐酸曲美他嗪组5mg/kg)、左苷组(左卡尼汀400mg/kg +三磷酸腺苷二钠20mg/kg),每组10只。药物干预组分别灌胃给予相应的药物,高原对照组给予生理盐水,灌胃体积5 ml/kg,每天给药2次,连续给药7天。
大鼠正常平原环境饲养,末次给药后1h,将大鼠放置于低压低氧动物实验舱内,按6m·s-1降压,升到模拟海拔7000m,舱内灌胃给药1d,给药时模拟海拔降至5000m,舱内最后12h禁水禁食,末次给药后2小时,保持模拟海拔5000m,按1.5g/kg腹腔注射10%乌拉坦进行麻醉,取脑组织和动脉血,检测活性氧类(ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、乳酸(Lactate)、皮质酮、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、白介素-10(IL-10)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)。
结果显示:
低压缺氧诱导大鼠缺氧应激反应,药物干预组均能显著降低大鼠血清皮质醇、去甲肾上腺素含量。提示左卡尼汀、左卡尼汀和盐酸曲美他嗪复方、左卡尼汀和三磷酸腺苷复方均能降低机体的应激反应。
与高原对照组相比,药物干预组能显著降低大鼠脑组织活性氧ROS及MDA含量。提示左卡尼汀、乙酰左卡尼汀、丙酰左卡尼汀具有抗氧化应激的作用。
与高原对照组相比,药物干预组IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10均显著降低。提示左卡尼汀、左卡尼汀和盐酸曲美他嗪复方、左卡尼汀和三磷酸腺苷复方均能显著降低模拟海拔7000米急性缺氧24小时大鼠脑组织的炎症反应。
表1. 对模拟海拔7000米缺氧24小时大鼠血清激素水平以及乳酸的影响
组别 | 皮质酮(ug/ml) | NE(ng/L) | Lactate(ug/L) |
高原对照组 | 82.58±13.69 | 119.18±22.59 | 56.11±9.95 |
左苷组 | 70.60±12.18<sup>△</sup> | 120.09±14.59 | 47.20±9.70*<sup>△</sup> |
左曲组 | 59. 69±12.27<sup>△△</sup> | 113.97±26.26 | 49.90±8.06 |
左卡组 | 45.86±7.03<sup>△△</sup> | 89.73±15.11**<sup>△△</sup> | 47.07±9.83*<sup>△</sup> |
△ P<0.05,△△ P<0.01 vs高原对照组
表2. 对模拟海拔7000米缺氧24小时大鼠脑组织脂质过氧化指标的影响
△ P<0.05,△△ P<0.01 vs高原对照组
表3. 对模拟海拔7000米缺氧24小时大鼠脑组织炎症介质的影响
组别 | IL-1β(ng/L) | IL-6(pg/ml) | IL-10(ng/L) |
高原对照组 | 9.39±3.31 | 20.1±1.25** | 16.2±2.63 |
左苷组 | 6.79±1.36<sup>△</sup> | 14.9±3.31<sup>△△</sup> | 13.0±1.66<sup>△△</sup> |
左曲组 | 6.23±1.20<sup>△△</sup> | 13.9±2.70<sup>△△</sup> | 11.1±1.58**<sup>△△</sup> |
左卡组 | 6.15±1.40<sup>△△</sup> | 15.3±4.27<sup>△△</sup> | 13.5±3.41<sup>△</sup> |
△ P<0.05,△△ P<0.01 vs高原对照组
实施例2:对大鼠创伤后应激障碍的预防作用
大鼠适应性饲养一周后,随机分为5 组: 正常组、模型组、左卡组(乙酰左卡尼汀400mg/kg)、左肌组(乙酰左卡尼汀400mg/kg+肌酸200mg/kg )组、左丝组(乙酰左卡尼汀400mg/kg+磷脂酰丝氨酸200mg/kg),每组10只。
按1ml /100g 体重每日灌胃给药,正常组、模型组给予生理盐水灌胃,药物干预组给予相应的药物,每日2次,连续灌胃2 周。
按文献方法采用SPS 方法构建PTSD 大鼠模型: ①先对大鼠进行2h 的紧密束缚;②将大鼠置于水箱中( 水深45cm、水温25℃) ,强迫游泳20min; ③游泳结束15min 后,将大鼠置于密闭容器中乙醚麻醉,麻醉后大鼠置于通风处; ④待大鼠苏醒后放回鼠笼。7 天后造模完成,进行旷场实验,将大鼠置于旷场箱内底面中心,用自动观察分析系统摄像观察。摄像过程中实验人员远离旷场箱,避免造成干扰。5 min 后停止摄像。每次实验结束后用酒精清洗旷场箱内,以免对下次测试造成干扰。采用计算机软件对摄像结果进行分析,测得每组大鼠5min 内单次最大运动距离、运动总距离及穿格次数。实验结束当天以10% 水合氯醛0.03ml /kg腹腔注射麻醉大鼠,腹主动脉取血,离心取血清,ELISA法检测血清皮质酮含量。
结果显示:药物干预组能显著增加PTSD模型大鼠的运动总距离及穿格次数,降低PTSD 大鼠的血清皮质酮水平,提示乙酰左卡尼汀、乙酰左卡尼汀和肌酸的复方、乙酰左卡尼汀和磷脂酰丝氨酸的复方能有效预防PTSD 大鼠的焦虑样行为,增强大鼠对应激的适应能力。
表4. 对大鼠旷场实验结果的影响
组别 | 运动总距离(cm) | 单次最大运动距离(cm) | 穿格次数(次) |
正常组 | 2165.52±912.47 | 11.06±1.83 | 81.6±36.12 |
模型组 | 1184.03±531.86 | 7.98±1.25 | 40.3±26.54 |
左丝组 | 1772.87±111.54* | 8.05±1.61 | 65.23±38.78* |
左肌组 | 1866.41±218.60* | 9.36±1.37* | 67.76±28.41* |
左卡组 | 1908.43±216.53* | 8.61±1.44* | 69.24±27.80* |
与模型组比较,*P<0.05
表5. 对大鼠血清皮质酮的影响
组别 | 皮质酮(μg/ml) |
正常组 | 88.13±11.22 |
模型组 | 118.96±31.56 |
左丝组 | 76.12±11.43* |
左肌组 | 75.41±18.60* |
左卡组 | 69.73±16.32* |
与模型组比较,*P<0.05
实施例3:丙酰左卡尼汀注射液
处方:丙酰左卡尼汀 500g
依地酸二钠 0.5g
盐酸 适量
注射用水 加至1000ml
工艺:在制备容器中,加处方量80%的注射用水,加丙酰左卡尼汀溶解后,加入预备配置好的依地酸二钠和盐酸溶液,搅拌均匀,调节药液PH6.5,注射用水至全量,再加入0.1%活性炭脱色,用垂熔玻璃滤器与膜滤器过滤,并在氮气气流下灌封,最后于100℃流通蒸汽15min灭菌。
实施例4:复方(乙酰左卡尼汀+磷脂酸丝氨酸)片
处方:乙酰左卡尼汀 1000g
磷脂酸丝氨酸 500g
乳糖 1000g
微晶纤维素 500g
羟丙纤维素 100g
交联羧甲基纤维素钠 50g
硬脂酸镁 适量
制成5000片
工艺:将乙酰左卡尼汀、磷脂酸丝氨酸过80目筛,与微晶纤维素、乳糖混匀,加羟丙纤维素制成软材,用14目筛制粒后,置70℃鼓风干燥箱,干燥4小时,干燥后于20目筛整粒,加入交联羧甲基纤维素钠及硬脂酸镁混匀后,压片,即得。
实施例5: 复方(左卡尼汀+盐酸曲美他嗪)片
处方:左卡尼汀 1000g
盐酸曲美他嗪 5g
乳糖 200g
淀粉 100g
10%淀粉浆 100g
交联聚维酮 20g
硬脂酸镁 15g
制成2000片
工艺:将左卡尼汀、盐酸曲美他嗪过80目筛,与淀粉、乳糖混匀,加淀粉浆制成软材,用14目筛制粒后,置70℃~80℃干燥后于12目筛整粒,加入交联聚维酮及硬脂酸镁混匀后,压片,即得。
实施例6:复方(乙酰左卡尼汀+肌酸+人参提取物)口服液
处方:乙酰左卡尼汀 100g
肌酸 50g
人参提取物 50g
乳糖 150g
三氯蔗糖 10g
β环糊精 50 g
阿拉伯胶 50克
制成1000毫升
工艺:将β环糊精和阿拉伯胶加入质量的水溶解,再加入乙酰左卡尼汀、肌酸和人参提取物、乳糖、三氯蔗糖,搅拌溶解,加水定至1000毫升,即得。
Claims (7)
1.一种抗应激药物,其特征在于,包含左卡尼汀、左卡尼汀衍生物、左卡尼汀或其衍生物的可药用盐中的一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗应激药物,其特征在于,所述左卡尼汀衍生物包含乙酰左卡尼汀、丙酰左卡尼汀、丁酰左卡尼汀;所述的左卡尼汀可药用盐包含盐酸盐、溴氢酸盐、碘氢酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、枸缘酸盐、柠檬酸盐、草酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、苹果酸盐、扁桃酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、泛酸盐、甲磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐。
3.一种抗应激的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述抗应激的药物组合物包括权利要求1—2任一项中的抗应激药物,及代谢类、磷酸盐类、氨基酸类、矿物质类、微量元素类、维生素类、有机酸类、脂肪酸类、磷酯类、抗应激草药中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的抗应激药物组合物,其特征在于,所述代谢类药物包括曲美他嗪、盐酸曲美他嗪、长春西汀、肌酐葡萄糖、辅酶A、能量合剂、果糖二磷酸钠;所述磷酸盐类物质包括一磷酸腺苷、二磷酸腺苷、三磷酸腺苷;所述氨基酸类包括亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、络氨酸、甲硫氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、组氨酸;所述矿物质类包括钙、钾、铁、锌、镁;所述维生素类包括维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B5、维生素B6、维生素B7、维生素B9、维生素B12、维生素B13、维生素B15、胆碱、肌醇;所述微量元素类包括铁、锌、硒、碘;所述有机酸类包括肌酸;所述磷酯类包括磷脂酰丝氨酸;所述脂肪酸类包括长链脂肪酸、中链甘油三酸酯;所述抗应激草药包括贯叶连翘、西番莲、缬草、银杏叶、人参、刺五加。
5.权利要求1-2任一项所述的抗应激药物或权利要求2-4任一项所述的抗应激药物组合物在制备抗应激药物中的用途。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物以口服给药形式、注射给药形式或局部给药形式给药。
7.所述的口服给药形式包括片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、口服溶液剂、糖浆剂、吸入剂、喷剂;所述的注射给药形式包括冻干粉针剂、注射用混悬剂、注射用乳剂、溶液注射剂;所述局部给药形式包括气雾剂、软膏剂、洗剂、栓剂、贴剂、搽剂、滴眼剂、阴道泡腾片。
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