WO2014155819A1 - アルミニウム合金導体、アルミニウム合金撚線、被覆電線、ワイヤーハーネスおよびアルミニウム合金導体の製造方法 - Google Patents
アルミニウム合金導体、アルミニウム合金撚線、被覆電線、ワイヤーハーネスおよびアルミニウム合金導体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0006—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for reducing the size of conductors or cables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0016—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for heat treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/0045—Cable-harnesses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum alloy conductor used as a conductor of an electrical wiring body.
- the present invention relates to an aluminum alloy conductor that achieves high conductivity, high bending fatigue resistance, appropriate proof stress, and high elongation even though it is an extremely thin wire.
- the specific gravity of aluminum is about 1/3 of the specific gravity of copper
- the conductivity of aluminum is about 2/3 of the conductivity of copper (based on 100% IACS for pure copper, about 66% IACS for pure aluminum)
- IACS International Annealed Copper Standard
- Patent Document 1 As a representative example of an aluminum conductor used for an electrical wiring body of a moving body, there is one described in Patent Document 1. This is an extremely thin wire, and realizes an aluminum alloy conductor and an aluminum alloy twisted wire excellent in elongation while having high strength and high conductivity. In addition, Patent Document 1 describes that it has excellent bending characteristics because it has sufficient elongation. However, for example, an aluminum alloy wire is used as a wire harness attached to a door or the like, and bending fatigue resistance is easily generated due to repeated bending stress caused by opening and closing of the door. There is no disclosure or suggestion.
- the first problem is that, as described above, high bending fatigue resistance is required when it is used for a repeated bending portion such as a door of a car.
- the bending fatigue property of aluminum is inferior to that of currently used copper, so the use place is limited.
- the second problem is that high load resistance requires a large force at the time of attaching the wire harness, and the working efficiency is low.
- the third problem is that since the extensibility is low, it can not withstand the impact at the time of attaching the wire harness or after the attaching, and the occurrence of the disconnection or the crack occurs. In order to solve all these problems, on the premise of high electrical conductivity, it is necessary to have an aluminum alloy wire having high resistance to bending fatigue and having appropriate resistance and high elongation.
- Patent Document 2 As an aluminum alloy having both high strength and high conductivity, an alloy to which Mg, Si, Cu, Mn or the like is added is known. For example, in Patent Document 2, a tensile strength of 150 MPa or more and a conductivity of 40% or more are realized by adding these elements. Further, in Patent Document 2, by preparing a wire having a maximum crystal grain size of 50 ⁇ m or less, an extensibility of 5% or more is simultaneously realized.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy conductor, an aluminum alloy stranded wire, a coated electric wire, and a wire harness which have both an appropriate yield strength and a high bending fatigue resistance while maintaining elongation and conductivity equal to or more than conventional products. And providing a method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy conductor.
- the present inventors discovered that when the aluminum alloy conductor is bent, the stress generated in the outer peripheral portion of the conductor is larger than the stress generated in the central portion, and a crack is easily generated in the outer peripheral surface. Therefore, the present inventors focused on the fact that when the grain size of the aluminum alloy is small, the number of times the crack collides with the grain boundary increases and the progressing rate decreases, and as a result of intensive studies, the aluminum alloy conductor By setting the average crystal grain size in the outer peripheral part of the value within the predetermined range, resistance to bending fatigue is improved while maintaining high conductivity, and further, appropriate proof stress and high extensibility can be realized. The present invention has been completed.
- (3) The chemical composition is Cu: 0.01 to 1.00 mass%, Ag: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%, Au: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%, Mn: 0.01 to 1.00 mass%, Cr: 0.01 to 1.00 mass%, Zr: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%, Hf: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%, V: 0.01 to 0.
- the total content of Fe, Ti, B, Cu, Ag, Au, Mn, Cr, Zr, Hf, V, Sc, Co, Ni is 0.01 to 2.50 mass%, (1 )
- any one of the above (1) to (5) characterized in that the number of repetitions until breakage measured by the bending fatigue test is 100,000 or more and the conductivity is 45 to 55% IACS.
- Aluminum alloy conductor as described in. (7) The aluminum alloy conductor according to any one of the above (1) to (6), which is an aluminum alloy wire having a wire diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 mm. (8) An aluminum alloy stranded wire obtained by twisting a plurality of the aluminum alloy conductors according to (7) above. (9) A coated electric wire having a coating layer on the outer periphery of the aluminum alloy conductor according to (7) or the aluminum alloy stranded wire according to (8).
- a wire harness comprising: the coated electric wire according to (9); and a terminal attached to an end of the coated electric wire from which the coating layer is removed.
- (11) Aluminum obtained by performing solution treatment, casting treatment, hot or cold working, first wire drawing, intermediate heat treatment, second wire drawing, solution heat treatment, and aging heat treatment in this order A method of manufacturing an alloy conductor, In the first wire drawing process, the half angle of the die used is 10 to 30 °, and the processing rate per pass is 10% or less, In the second wire drawing processing, the half angle of the die used is 10 to 30 °, and the processing ratio per pass is 10% or less, any of (1) to (7) The manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy conductor as described in. (12) The manufacturing method according to (11), wherein strain processing is performed on the outer peripheral portion of the workpiece to perform low strain processing before the aging heat treatment. (13) The manufacturing method according to (12), wherein the distortion processing is performed during the solution heat treatment.
- the aluminum alloy conductor of the present invention since it has the conductivity equal to or higher than that of the prior art, it is useful as a battery cable, a harness or a lead for a motor mounted on a moving body. In particular, since it has high resistance to bending fatigue, it can be used for a bending part such as a door or a trunk where high resistance to bending fatigue is required. In addition, since the load resistance is appropriate, the wire harness can be attached with a small external force, and the working efficiency is improved. Furthermore, since it has the extensibility equal to or more than the conventional one, it can withstand the impact at the time of attachment or after attachment of the wire harness, and can reduce the occurrence of disconnection or cracking.
- the aluminum alloy conductor of the present invention comprises Mg: 0.10 to 1.00% by mass, Si: 0.10 to 1.00% by mass, Fe: 0.01 to 2.50% by mass, Ti: 0.000 to 0.100 mass%, B: 0.000 to 0.030 mass%, Cu: 0.00 to 1.00 mass%, Ag: 0.00 to 0.50 mass%, Au: 0.00 to 0.
- Remainder An aluminum alloy conductor having a composition comprising Al and unavoidable impurities, and an average grain size at the outer peripheral portion of the aluminum alloy conductor There is a 1 ⁇ 35 ⁇ m.
- Chemical composition ⁇ Mg: 0.10 to 1.00 mass%> Mg has a function of solid solution strengthening in an aluminum matrix, and a part thereof combines with Si to form a precipitate to improve tensile strength, bending fatigue resistance and heat resistance. It is an element having an action.
- Mg content is less than 0.10% by mass, the above-mentioned effect is insufficient, and if the Mg content exceeds 1.00% by mass, a Mg-concentrated portion is formed in the grain boundaries.
- the Mg content is made 0.10 to 1.00 mass%.
- the Mg content is preferably 0.50 to 1.00 mass% when importance is attached to high strength, and 0.10 to 0.50 mass% when importance is attached to conductivity. It is preferable that the total content be 0.30 to 0.70% by mass from such a viewpoint.
- Si is an element that combines with Mg to form a precipitate, and has the effect of improving tensile strength, bending fatigue resistance, and heat resistance. If the Si content is less than 0.10% by mass, the above-described effects are insufficient, and if the Si content exceeds 1.00% by mass, the possibility of forming a Si-concentrated portion in the crystal grain boundaries As a result, the tensile strength, the elongation, and the bending fatigue resistance decrease, and the conductivity also decreases due to the increase in the amount of solid solution of the Si element. Therefore, the Si content is set to 0.10 to 1.00 mass%.
- the Si content is preferably 0.5 to 1.0% by mass in the case of placing importance on high strength, and 0.10 to 0.50% by mass in the case of placing importance on conductivity. It is preferable that the total content be 0.30 to 0.70% by mass from such a viewpoint.
- Fe is an element that contributes to the refinement of crystal grains by mainly forming an Al—Fe-based intermetallic compound and improves the tensile strength and the bending fatigue resistance characteristics.
- Fe can only form a solid solution of 0.05 mass% in Al at 655 ° C. and is less at room temperature, so the remaining Fe that can not form a solid solution in Al is Al-Fe, Al-Fe-Si, Al-Fe Crystallized or precipitated as an intermetallic compound such as -Si-Mg. This intermetallic compound contributes to the refinement of crystal grains and improves the tensile strength and the bending fatigue resistance.
- Fe also has an effect of improving the tensile strength by Fe in solid solution in Al. If the Fe content is less than 0.01% by mass, these effects are insufficient, and if the Fe content is more than 2.50% by mass, wire drawing occurs due to coarsening of crystallized matter or precipitate. In addition to the deterioration of the processability and the occurrence of wire drawing interruption lines, the desired bending fatigue resistance can not be obtained, and the conductivity also decreases. Therefore, the Fe content is 0.01 to 2.50% by mass, preferably 0.15 to 0.90% by mass, and more preferably 0.15 to 0.45% by mass.
- the working rate per one pass is 10 Since it is as small as% or less, the tensile force at the time of wire drawing is suppressed, and disconnection hardly occurs. Therefore, a large amount of Fe can be contained, and it can be contained up to 2.50% by mass.
- the aluminum alloy conductor of the present invention contains Mg, Si and Fe as essential components, but if necessary, it may further be one or more selected from the group consisting of Ti and B, Cu, Ag, Au One or more of Mn, Cr, Zr, Hf, V, Sc, Co and Ni can be contained.
- Ti is an element having the function of refining the structure of the ingot during melt casting. If the structure of the ingot is coarse, disconnection occurs in the ingot cracking in the casting and in the wire processing step, which is not desirable industrially. If the Ti content is less than 0.001% by mass, the above-mentioned effects can not be sufficiently exhibited, and if the Ti content exceeds 0.100% by mass, the conductivity tends to decrease. It is. Therefore, the Ti content is set to 0.001 to 0.100% by mass, preferably 0.005 to 0.050% by mass, and more preferably 0.005 to 0.030% by mass.
- B like Ti, is an element having the function of refining the structure of the ingot during melt casting. If the structure of the ingot is coarse, it is industrially undesirable because breakage tends to occur in the ingot cracking and wire rod processing steps during casting. If the B content is less than 0.001% by mass, the above-described effects can not be sufficiently exhibited, and if the B content exceeds 0.030% by mass, the conductivity tends to decrease. Therefore, the B content is set to 0.001 to 0.030% by mass, preferably 0.001 to 0.020% by mass, and more preferably 0.001 to 0.010% by mass.
- ⁇ Cu 0.01 to 1.00 mass%>, ⁇ Ag: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%>, ⁇ Au: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%>, ⁇ Mn: 0.01 to 1 .00 mass%, ⁇ Cr: 0.01 to 1.00 mass%>, ⁇ Zr: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%>, ⁇ Hf: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%>, ⁇ V : 0.01 to 0.50 mass%>, ⁇ Sc: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%>, ⁇ Co: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%>, ⁇ Ni: 0.01 to 0.50 Containing one or more selected from the group consisting of mass%> Cu, Ag, Au, Mn, Cr, Zr, Hf, V, Sc, Co and Ni all refine the crystal grains Cu, Ag and Au are elements which have the effect of enhancing the grain boundary strength by precipitating at the grain boundaries, If at least one of these elements is contained at 0.01% by mass or more, the above-described effects can be obtained, and tensile strength,
- the total content of these elements is preferably 2.50% by mass or less. Since Fe is an essential element in the aluminum alloy conductor of the present invention, the total content of Fe, Ti, B, Cu, Ag, Au, Mn, Cr, Zr, Hf, V, Sc, Co and Ni is 0. The content is made to be 01 to 2.50 mass%. The content of these elements is more preferably 0.10 to 2.50% by mass.
- Ni is particularly preferably 0.10 to 0.80% by mass, and more preferably 0.20 to 0.60% by mass.
- the conductivity is slightly reduced, but in order to further improve the tensile strength, elongation and bending fatigue resistance, more than 0.80 to 2.50 mass% is particularly preferable, and 1.00 to 2.50 mass% Is more preferred.
- Unavoidable impurities mean impurities of a content level that can be included inevitably in the manufacturing process. Since the unavoidable impurities can also be a factor to reduce the conductivity depending on the content, it is preferable to suppress the content of the unavoidable impurities to some extent in consideration of the decrease in the conductivity.
- As a component mentioned as an unavoidable impurity Ga, Zn, Bi, Pb etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the average crystal grain size in the outer peripheral portion of the aluminum alloy conductor is 1 to 35 ⁇ m
- the outer peripheral portion in the present invention means a region in the vicinity of the outer edge including the outer edge of the aluminum alloy conductor in the aluminum alloy conductor. Show. In the case of an aluminum alloy conductor having a circular cross section perpendicular to the wire drawing direction, the outer peripheral portion includes the outer edge of the aluminum alloy conductor, and an area having a width of 1/10 of the diameter of the aluminum alloy conductor from the outer edge 2) say. In the case of an aluminum alloy conductor such as a compressed stranded wire whose cross section is not circular, first, a diameter equivalent to a circle is obtained from the cross sectional area of the aluminum alloy conductor. Then, a region including the outer edge of the aluminum alloy conductor and having a width of 1/10 of the equivalent circle diameter of the aluminum alloy conductor from the outer edge is taken as an outer peripheral portion.
- the average crystal grain size in the outer peripheral portion is 1 to 35 ⁇ m.
- the average grain size at the outer peripheral portion is 1 to 35 ⁇ m, preferably 3 to 30 ⁇ m, and more preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the average crystal grain size in the portion other than the outer peripheral portion of the aluminum alloy conductor, that is, inside thereof is 1 to 90 ⁇ m. If the average grain size inside is less than 1 ⁇ m, the yield strength is excessive and the elongation is reduced, and if the crystal grain size inside is more than 90 ⁇ m, sufficient elongation and proof strength can not be obtained.
- the average grain size of the present invention was observed by an optical microscope and measured using the tolerance method.
- the aluminum alloy conductor of the present invention is [1] melting treatment, [2] casting treatment, [3] hot or cold working, [4] first wire drawing processing, [5] intermediate heat treatment, [6] It can manufacture through each process of 2 wire drawing processing, [7] solution heat treatment and 1st distortion processing, [8] aging heat treatment, and 2nd distortion processing.
- a process of forming a stranded wire or a process of resin-coating an electric wire may be provided before or after the solution heat treatment and the first strain processing, or after the aging heat treatment. The steps [1] to [8] will be described below.
- the bar is, for example, about ⁇ 5.0 to 13.0 mm.
- the cooling rate at the time of casting at this time is preferably 1 to 20 ° C./sec from the viewpoint of preventing coarsening of the Fe-based crystallized product and preventing conductivity decrease due to forced solid solution of Fe. It is not limited. Casting and hot rolling may be performed by billet casting and extrusion methods and the like.
- the surface is peeled off, for example, to a bar of ⁇ 5.0 to 12.5 mm, and wire drawing by die drawing using a die 21 as shown in FIG. Process
- the diameter of the workpiece is reduced to, for example, ⁇ 2.0 mm.
- the die half angle ⁇ of the die 21 is preferably 10 to 30 °, and the processing rate per pass is preferably 10% or less.
- the processing rate is the difference between the cross sectional area before and after wire drawing divided by the original cross sectional area and multiplied by 100.
- the processing rate becomes extremely small, the number of wire drawing for processing to the target wire diameter increases and productivity declines, so 1% or more is preferable, and when the processing rate is larger than 10%, the elongation Since the wire processing tends to be uniform inside and outside the wire, there is a tendency that a difference in crystal grain size does not easily occur between the outer peripheral portion and the inside, and the proof stress can not be appropriately reduced and the elongation can not be improved.
- the heating temperature in the intermediate annealing is 250 to 450 ° C., and the heating time is 10 minutes to 6 hours.
- the heating temperature is lower than 250 ° C., the film can not be sufficiently softened, deformation resistance is increased, and breakage or surface damage is likely to occur at the time of wire drawing. If the temperature is higher than 450 ° C., coarsening of the crystal grains is likely to occur, and the elongation (such as yield strength and tensile strength) decreases.
- the work material is drawn by die drawing using a die 22 as shown in FIG.
- the outer diameter of the workpiece is reduced to, for example, ⁇ 0.31 mm.
- the die half angle ⁇ of the die 22 is preferably 10 to 30 °, and the processing rate per pass is preferably 10% or less. If the half die diameter is in the above range, it is advantageous in that the surface processing rate is increased, and only the outer peripheral portion can be processed.
- Solution heat treatment (first heat treatment) and first strain processing
- the workpiece is subjected to solution heat treatment and to the first strain processing.
- This solution heat treatment is performed for the purpose of dissolving Mg and Si compounds randomly contained in the workpiece into the matrix of the aluminum alloy.
- the first heat treatment is a heat treatment of heating to a predetermined temperature in the range of 480 to 620 ° C., and then cooling to a temperature of at least 150 ° C. at an average cooling rate of 10 ° C./s or more.
- the solution heat treatment temperature is preferably in the range of 500 to 600 ° C., more preferably in the range of 520 to 580 ° C.
- the first heat treatment for example, batch heat treatment, or continuous heat treatment such as high frequency heating, electric heating, inter-heating heating may be used, but heat treatment is performed by Joule heat generated from the wire itself such as high frequency heating or electric heating.
- continuous heat treatment it is advantageous because the crystal grain size at the outer peripheral portion tends to be smaller than the crystal grain size inside.
- the temperature of the wire rises with the passage of time because the current is normally supplied to the wire. Therefore, if the current continues to flow, the wire may be melted, so it is necessary to perform the heat treatment in an appropriate time range.
- the temperature of the inter-heating annealing furnace is usually set higher than the wire temperature.
- the heat treatment for a long time since the wire may be melted, it is necessary to carry out the heat treatment in an appropriate time range. Further, in all heat treatments, it is necessary to have a predetermined time or longer for dissolving Mg and Si compounds randomly contained in the workpiece into the matrix of the aluminum alloy. The heat treatment according to each method will be described below.
- the continuous heat treatment by high frequency heating is a heat treatment by Joule heat generated from the wire itself by the induction current when the wire continuously passes through the magnetic field by high frequency.
- the wire can be heat treated by controlling the temperature of the wire and the heat treatment time including the rapid heating and quenching steps. Cooling is performed by passing the wire continuously through water or nitrogen gas atmosphere after rapid heating.
- the heat treatment time is 0.01 to 2 s, preferably 0.05 to 1 s, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 s.
- heat treatment is performed by Joule heat generated from the wire itself by passing an electric current through the wire continuously passing through the two electrode wheels.
- the wire can be heat treated by controlling the temperature of the wire and the heat treatment time including the rapid heating and quenching steps. Cooling is performed by passing the wire continuously through water, air, or a nitrogen gas atmosphere after rapid heating.
- the heat treatment time is 0.01 to 2 s, preferably 0.05 to 1 s, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 s.
- the wire is continuously passed through the heat treatment furnace maintained at a high temperature for heat treatment.
- the wire material can be heat treated by controlling the temperature in the heat treatment furnace and the heat treatment time including the rapid heating and quenching steps. Cooling is performed by passing the wire continuously through water, air, or a nitrogen gas atmosphere after rapid heating.
- the heat treatment time is 0.5 to 120 s, preferably 0.5 to 60 s, more preferably 0.5 to 20 s.
- Batch type heat treatment is a method in which a wire is put into an annealing furnace and heat treatment is performed at a predetermined set temperature and set time.
- the wire itself may be heated for several tens of seconds at a predetermined temperature, but a large amount of wire is to be introduced for industrial use, so 30 minutes or more to suppress heat treatment unevenness of the wire Is preferred.
- the upper limit of the heat treatment time is not particularly limited as long as crystal grain coarsening does not occur, but in industrial use, heat treatment is performed within 10 hours, preferably within 6 hours because productivity is better if conducted in a short time. Be done.
- the first straining treatment performed before the solution heat treatment, during the solution heat treatment, or both of them causes low distortion in the outer peripheral portion of the workpiece. For this reason, the outer peripheral portion is in a more processed state, and the crystal grain diameter of the outer peripheral portion becomes smaller after solution treatment.
- the first straining process is a process of deforming the workpiece along the pulley through one or more of the pulleys having a diameter of 10 to 50 cm, and the strain amount of the workpiece at this time is 0 0006 to 0.0150.
- the amount of distortion is the radius of the workpiece divided by the sum of twice the pulley radius and the radius of the workpiece.
- [8] Stranding Treatment A plurality of wire rods subjected to the solution heat treatment and the first distortion processing are bundled and twisted. This process may be performed before or after solution heat treatment or after aging heat treatment. In the present embodiment, although the twisting treatment is performed, the following aging heat treatment may be performed on the single wire of the wire material on which the solution heat treatment and the first distortion processing are performed without performing the main twisting treatment.
- the stranded wire of the wire is subjected to the aging heat treatment and the second strain processing.
- Aging heat treatment is performed for the purpose of depositing needle-like Mg 2 Si precipitates, and the like.
- the heating temperature in the aging heat treatment is 140 to 250.degree. If the heating temperature is less than 140 ° C., needle-like Mg 2 Si precipitates can not be sufficiently precipitated, and the strength, bending fatigue resistance and conductivity tend to be insufficient.
- the heating temperature is higher than 250 ° C., the size of the Mg 2 Si precipitates increases, so the conductivity increases, but the strength and the resistance to bending fatigue tend to be insufficient.
- the heating time varies depending on the temperature. Heating at a low temperature for a long time and at a high temperature for a short time is preferable in order to improve strength and resistance to bending fatigue. In consideration of productivity, a short time is good, preferably 15 hours or less, more preferably 10 hours or less.
- the second straining process is a process in which the wire is deformed along the bobbin or spool via one or more of a bobbin or a spool with a diameter of 30 to 60 cm, and the strain amount of the wire at this time is 0 It is from .0005 to 0.0050.
- the amount of distortion is the radius of the wire divided by the sum of twice the radius of the bobbin (spool) and the radius of the wire.
- the bobbin or the spool referred to here is a member having a cylindrical outer edge and allowing the wire to be wound along the outer edge.
- the wire diameter of the aluminum alloy conductor of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined according to the application, but in the case of fine wire, ⁇ 0.1 to 0.5 mm, and in the case of medium fine wire, ⁇ 0 .8 to 1.5 mm is preferred.
- the present aluminum alloy conductor can be represented as a wire made of an outer peripheral portion 31 formed on the aluminum alloy conductor 30 and an inner portion 32 which is the remaining portion other than the outer peripheral portion, as shown in the sectional view of FIG. .
- the value of the width of the outer peripheral portion 31 does not necessarily have to be 1/10 of the diameter, and the above value can have a certain range based on the technical idea of the present invention.
- the average grain size in the outer peripheral part 31 is set to a predetermined value within the above range, and the average grain size in the outer peripheral part 31 is increased to the average grain size in the inner part 32
- the diameter is smaller than the diameter, it is possible to appropriately reduce the proof stress and to improve the elongation, without appreciably changing the conductivity and the number of repetitions until breakage.
- the average crystal grain size of the inside 32 is 1.1 times or more of the average crystal grain size of the outer peripheral portion 31, and the above effect can be reliably achieved.
- the aluminum alloy conductor or the aluminum alloy stranded wire can be applied to a coated electric wire having a coating layer on the outer periphery thereof.
- the wire harness assembled wire comprised with two or more of the structure which consists of a coated wire and the terminal attached to the edge part.
- the manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy conductor which concerns on the said embodiment is not limited to the embodiment of description, Various deformation
- the range of the die half-angle in the first wire drawing process is the same as the range of the die half-angle in the second wire drawing process, but the die half of the first wire drawing process is the die for the second wire drawing process It may be larger or smaller than half size.
- the range of the processing rate in the first wire drawing process is the same as the range of the processing rate in the second wire drawing process, the processing rate of the first wire drawing process is the process for the second wire drawing process It may be larger or smaller than the rate.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and may be performed before the solution heat treatment.
- the second low strain processing is performed during the aging heat treatment, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the second low strain processing may not be performed.
- Example 1 Using a propelchi continuous casting mill so that the contents (% by mass) shown in Table 1 of Mg, Si, Fe and Al, and selectively added Cu, Zr, Ti and B are obtained. Rolling was carried out while continuously casting using a water-cooled mold to obtain a bar of about ⁇ 9.5 mm. The casting cooling rate at this time was 1 to 20 ° C./second. Next, the first wire drawing was performed so as to obtain the working ratio shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 The contents (% by mass) shown in Table 3 of Mg, Si, Fe and Al and Cu, Mn, Cr, Zr, Au, Ag, Hf, V, Ni, Sc, Co, Ti and B to be selectively added Casting and rolling were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture was formulated to be a bar of about ⁇ 9.5 mm.
- the first wire drawing was performed so as to obtain the working ratio shown in Table 4.
- intermediate heat treatment was performed on the processed material subjected to the first wire drawing, and thereafter, the second wire drawing was performed to a wire diameter of ⁇ 0.3 mm at the same processing rate as the first wire drawing.
- solution heat treatment (first heat treatment) was performed under the conditions shown in Table 4.
- aging heat treatment (second heat treatment) was performed under the conditions shown in Table 4 to produce an aluminum alloy wire.
- (A) Average Grain Size The longitudinal section of the test material cut out in the wire drawing direction was filled with a resin, and after mechanical polishing, electrolytic polishing was performed. This tissue was photographed with a 200 to 400 ⁇ optical microscope, and the particle size was measured by the tolerance method according to JIS H0501 and H0502. Specifically, a straight line parallel to the drawing direction was drawn on the photographed photograph, and the number of grain boundaries intersecting the straight line was measured. This measurement was performed so as to intersect with about 50 crystal grain boundaries in each of the outer peripheral portion and the inner portion of the aluminum alloy conductor, and the average crystal grain size of the outer peripheral portion and the inner portion was obtained. The longer the linear length, the better. However, from the viewpoint of workability, it is possible to measure about 50 crystal grain sizes, and if the straight line is too long, it will be out of the imaging range of the optical microscope. Then, the length and number of straight lines were adjusted and measured.
- Repetitive bending is performed by repeating bending using a jig with a bending strain of 0.17% using a bending fatigue tester made by Fujii Seiki Co., Ltd. (now Fujii Co., Ltd.). The number of returns was measured. In this example, the number of repetitions until breakage was 100,000 or more.
- the aluminum alloy wires of the invention examples 1 to 31 were able to simultaneously achieve high conductivity, high bending fatigue resistance, appropriate proof stress and high extensibility.
- Comparative Example 1 the processing rate per pass and the average crystal grain size at the outer peripheral portion were out of the range of the present invention, and under this condition, the number of repetitions until breakage was insufficient.
- Comparative Example 2 the average crystal grain size at the half of the die and the outer periphery was out of the range of the present invention, and the number of repetitions until breakage was insufficient.
- Comparative Example 3 the machining ratio per pass, the half grain diameter of the die, and the average crystal grain size at the outer peripheral portion were out of the range of the present invention, and the number of repetitions until breakage was insufficient.
- Comparative Example 4 the average crystal grain size at the half of the die and the outer periphery was out of the range of the present invention, and the number of repetitions until breakage and the proof stress were insufficient.
- All of the aluminum alloy wires of the invention examples 32 to 54 were able to simultaneously achieve high conductivity, high bending fatigue resistance, appropriate proof stress and high extensibility.
- Comparative Example 5 pure aluminum
- Mg, Si content, processing rate per pass, and die half angle were out of the range of the present invention, and under this condition, the number of repetitions until breakage was insufficient.
- Comparative Example 6 the machining ratio per pass, the half grain diameter of the die, and the average crystal grain size at the outer peripheral portion were out of the range of the present invention, and the number of repetitions until breakage was insufficient.
- Comparative Example 7 the Mg and Si contents were out of the range of the present invention, and the number of repetitions until elongation and elongation were insufficient, and the yield strength was excessive.
- Comparative Example 8 the contained Ni content was out of the range of the present invention, and the number of repetitions until elongation and elongation were insufficient, and the yield strength was excessive.
- the Mn content was out of the range of the present invention, the number of repetitions until breakage and the conductivity were insufficient, and the yield strength was excessive.
- the Zr content was out of the range of the present invention, the number of repetitions until breakage and elongation were insufficient, and the yield strength was excessive.
- Comparative Example 11 the Mg and Cr contents were out of the range of the present invention, and under this condition, a break occurred during wire drawing.
- Comparative Example 12 corresponds to sample No. 1 in Patent Document 2. It is an imitation of 18 examples.
- the aluminum alloy conductor according to the present invention is an Al-Mg-Si alloy, for example, a 6000 series aluminum alloy, in particular, the diameter is not more than ⁇ 0.5 mm by setting the average grain size in the outer peripheral portion to a value within a predetermined range.
- the diameter is not more than ⁇ 0.5 mm by setting the average grain size in the outer peripheral portion to a value within a predetermined range.
- it can be used as a wire material of an electrical wiring body that exhibits high conductivity, high bending fatigue resistance, appropriate proof stress and high extensibility.
- it can be used for aluminum alloy stranded wire, coated electric wire, wire harness and the like, and is useful as a battery cable mounted on a moving body, a harness or a lead for a motor, and a wiring body of an industrial robot.
- it can be suitably used for doors, trunks, bonnets and the like where high bending fatigue resistance is required.
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Abstract
Description
前記アルミニウム合金導体の外周部での平均結晶粒径が1~35μmであることを特徴とするアルミニウム合金導体。
(2)前記化学組成が、Ti:0.001~0.100質量%およびB:0.001~0.030質量%からなる群から選択された1種または2種を含有する、上記(1)に記載のアルミニウム合金導体。
(3)前記化学組成が、Cu:0.01~1.00質量%、Ag:0.01~0.50質量%、Au:0.01~0.50質量%、Mn:0.01~1.00質量%、Cr:0.01~1.00質量%、Zr:0.01~0.50質量%、Hf:0.01~0.50質量%、V:0.01~0.50質量%、Sc:0.01~0.50質量%、Co:0.01~0.50質量%およびNi:0.01~0.50質量%からなる群から選択された1種または2種以上を含有する、上記(1)または(2)に記載のアルミニウム合金導体。
(4)Fe、Ti、B、Cu、Ag、Au、Mn、Cr、Zr、Hf、V、Sc、Co、Niの含有量の合計が0.01~2.50質量%である、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金導体。
(5)内部の平均結晶粒径が、前記外周部の平均結晶粒径の1.1倍以上であることを特徴とする、上記(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金導体。
(6)屈曲疲労試験によって測定した破断までの繰返回数が10万回以上であり、導電率が45~55%IACSであることを特徴とする、上記(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金導体。
(7)素線の直径が0.1~0.5mmであるアルミニウム合金線である上記(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金導体。
(8)上記(7)に記載のアルミニウム合金導体を複数本撚り合わせて得られるアルミニウム合金撚線。
(9)上記(7)に記載のアルミニウム合金導体または上記(8)に記載のアルミニウム合金撚線の外周に被覆層を有する被覆電線。
(10)上記(9)に記載の被覆電線と、該被覆電線の、前記被覆層を除去した端部に装着された端子とを具えるワイヤーハーネス。
(11)溶解処理、鋳造処理、熱間もしくは冷間加工処理、第1伸線加工処理、中間熱処理、第2伸線加工処理、溶体化熱処理および時効熱処理を、この順に実行して得られるアルミニウム合金導体の製造方法であって、
前記第1伸線加工処理において、用いられるダイスのダイス半角が10~30°とし、かつ1パスあたりの加工率が10%以下とし、
前記第2伸線加工処理において、用いられるダイスのダイス半角が10~30°とし、かつ1パスあたりの加工率が10%以下とすることを特徴とする、(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金導体の製造方法。
(12)前記時効熱処理前に、被加工材の外周部に低歪の加工を施す歪み加工処理を行うことを特徴とする、上記(11)に記載の製造方法。
(13)前記歪み加工処理を前記溶体化熱処理中に行うことを特徴とする、上記(12)に記載の製造方法。
(1)化学組成
<Mg:0.10~1.00質量%>
Mg(マグネシウム)は、アルミニウム母材中に固溶して強化する作用を有すると共に、その一部はSiと化合して析出物を形成して引張強度、耐屈曲疲労特性および耐熱性を向上させる作用を有する元素である。しかしながら、Mg含有量が0.10質量%未満だと、上記作用効果が不十分であり、また、Mg含有量が1.00質量%を超えると、結晶粒界にMg濃化部分を形成する可能性が高まり、引張強度、伸び、耐屈曲疲労特性が低下するとともに、Mg元素の固溶量が多くなることによって導電率も低下する。したがって、Mg含有量は0.10~1.00質量%とする。なお、Mg含有量は、高強度を重視する場合には0.50~1.00質量%にすることが好ましく、また、導電率を重視する場合には0.10~0.50質量%とすることが好ましく、このような観点から総合的に0.30~0.70質量%が好ましい。
Si(ケイ素)は、Mgと化合して析出物を形成して引張強度、耐屈曲疲労特性、及び耐熱性を向上させる作用を有する元素である。Si含有量が0.10質量%未満だと、上記作用効果が不十分であり、また、Si含有量が1.00質量%を超えると、結晶粒界にSi濃化部分を形成する可能性が高まり、引張強度、伸び、耐屈曲疲労特性が低下するとともに、Si元素の固溶量が多くなることによって導電率も低下する。したがって、Si含有量は0.10~1.00質量%とする。なお、Si含有量は、高強度を重視する場合には0.5~1.0質量%にすることが好ましく、また、導電率を重視する場合には0.10~0.50質量%とすることが好ましく、このような観点から総合的に0.30~0.70質量%が好ましい。
Fe(鉄)は、主にAl-Fe系の金属間化合物を形成することによって結晶粒の微細化に寄与すると共に、引張強度および耐屈曲疲労特性を向上させる元素である。Feは、Al中に655℃で0.05質量%しか固溶できず、室温では更に少ないため、Al中に固溶できない残りのFeは、Al-Fe、Al-Fe-Si、Al-Fe-Si-Mgなどの金属間化合物として晶出又は析出する。この金属間化合物は、結晶粒の微細化に寄与すると共に、引張強度および耐屈曲疲労特性を向上させる。また、Feは、Al中に固溶したFeによっても引張強度を向上させる作用を有する。Fe含有量が0.01質量%未満だと、これらの作用効果が不十分であり、また、Fe含有量が2.50質量%超えだと、晶出物または析出物の粗大化により伸線加工性が悪くなり、伸線中断線が発生しやすくなる他、目的とする耐屈曲疲労特性が得られなくなり、導電率も低下する。したがって、Fe含有量は0.01~2.50質量%とし、好ましくは0.15~0.90質量%、更に好ましくは0.15~0.45質量%とする。なお、Feが多すぎると晶出物または析出物の粗大化により伸線加工性が悪くなり、その結果、断線が発生しやすくなる傾向にあるが、本発明では1パス当たりの加工率を10%以下と小さくしているため、伸線時の引張力が抑制され、断線が発生しにくい。よって、Feは多く含有することができ、2.50質量%まで含有できる。
Tiは、溶解鋳造時の鋳塊の組織を微細化する作用を有する元素である。鋳塊の組織が粗大であると、鋳造において鋳塊割れや線材加工工程において断線が発生して工業的に望ましくない。Ti含有量が0.001質量%未満であると、上記作用効果を十分に発揮することができず、また、Ti含有量が0.100質量%超えだと導電率が低下する傾向があるからである。したがって、Ti含有量は0.001~0.100質量%とし、好ましくは0.005~0.050質量%、より好ましくは0.005~0.030質量%とする。
Bは、Tiと同様、溶解鋳造時の鋳塊の組織を微細化する作用を有する元素である。鋳塊の組織が粗大であると、鋳造において鋳塊割れや線材加工工程において断線が発生しやすくなるため工業的に望ましくない。B含有量が0.001質量%未満であると、上記作用効果を十分に発揮することができず、また、B含有量が0.030質量%超えだと導電率が低下する傾向がある。したがって、B含有量は0.001~0.030質量%とし、好ましくは0.001~0.020質量%、より好ましくは0.001~0.010質量%とする。
Cu、Ag、Au、Mn、Cr、Zr、Hf、V、Sc、CoおよびNiは、いずれも結晶粒を微細化する作用を有する元素であり、さらに、Cu、AgおよびAuは、粒界に析出することで粒界強度を高める作用も有する元素であって、これらの元素の少なくとも1種を0.01質量%以上含有していれば、上述した作用効果が得られ、引張強度、伸び、耐屈曲疲労特性を向上させることができる。一方、Cu、Ag、Au、Mn、Cr、Zr、Hf、V、Sc、CoおよびNiの含有量のいずれかが、それぞれ上記の上限値を超えると、導電率が低下する傾向がある。したがって、Cu、Ag、Au、Mn、Cr、Zr、Hf、V、Sc、CoおよびNiの含有量の範囲は、それぞれ上記の範囲とした。
上述した成分以外の残部はAl(アルミニウム)および不可避不純物である。ここでいう不可避不純物は、製造工程上、不可避的に含まれうる含有レベルの不純物を意味する。不可避不純物は、含有量によっては導電率を低下させる要因にもなりうるため、導電率の低下を加味して不可避不純物の含有量をある程度抑制することが好ましい。不可避不純物として挙げられる成分としては、例えば、Ga、Zn、Bi、Pbなどが挙げられる。
本発明でいう外周部とは、アルミニウム合金導体のうち、該アルミニウム合金導体の外縁を含む外縁近傍の領域を示す。伸線方向に対して垂直な断面が円形であるアルミニウム合金導体の場合、外周部は、該アルミニウム合金導体の外縁を含み、外縁から該アルミニウム合金導体の直径の1/10の幅の領域(図2参照)をいう。圧縮撚線など断面が円形ではないアルミニウム合金導体の場合には、まず、該アルミニウム合金導体の断面積から円相当の直径を求める。そして、該アルミニウム合金導体の外縁を含み、外縁から該アルミニウム合金導体の円相当直径の1/10の幅の領域を外周部とする。
本発明のアルミニウム合金導体は、[1]溶解処理、[2]鋳造処理、[3]熱間または冷間加工、[4]第1伸線加工処理、[5]中間熱処理、[6]第2伸線加工処理、[7]溶体化熱処理および第1歪み加工処理、[8]時効熱処理および第2歪み加工処理の各工程を経て製造することができる。なお、溶体化熱処理および第1歪み加工処理の前後、または時効熱処理後に、撚線とする工程や電線に樹脂被覆を行う工程を設けてもよい。以下、[1]~[8]の工程について説明する。
溶解は、後述するアルミニウム合金組成のそれぞれの実施態様の濃度となるような分量で溶製する。
鋳造軸とベルトを組み合わせたプロペルチ式の連続鋳造圧延機を用いて、溶湯を水冷した鋳型で連続的に鋳造しながら圧延を行い棒材とする。このとき棒材は例えば、φ5.0~13.0mm程度にする。このときの鋳造時の冷却速度は、Fe系晶出物の粗大化の防止とFeの強制固溶による導電率低下の防止の観点から、好ましくは1~20℃/秒であるが、これに制限されるものではない。鋳造及び熱間圧延は、ビレット鋳造及び押出法などにより行ってもよい。
次いで、表面の皮むきを実施して、例えばφ5.0~12.5mmの棒材とし、図1に示すようなダイス21を用いて、ダイス引きによって伸線加工する。この伸線加工により、被加工材の直径が例えばφ2.0mmに縮径される。ダイス21のダイス半角αは10~30°、1パス当たりの加工率は、10%以下であることが好ましい。加工率は、伸線加工前後の断面積の差を元の断面積で割って100を掛けたものである。しかしながら、加工率が極端に小さくなると、目標の線径に加工するための伸線回数が多くなり生産性が低下するため1%以上が好ましく、また、加工率が10%よりも大きいと、伸線加工が線材の内外で均一となりやすいため、外周部と内部にて結晶粒径の差が生じにくく、耐力を適度に低下させ、かつ伸びを向上させることができなくなる傾向がある。また、ダイス21のテーパ面21aにおいて適切な表面粗さを持たせると、本伸線加工時に被加工材の表面に加工を施すことができる点で有利である。なお、本第1伸線加工処理では最初に棒材表面の皮むきを行っているが、棒材表面の皮むきを行わなくてもよい。
次に、冷間伸線した被加工材に中間熱処理を施す。本発明の中間熱処理では、中間焼鈍における加熱温度は250~450℃、加熱時間は、10分~6時間である。加熱温度が250℃より低いと、十分に軟化できず変形抵抗が大きくなり伸線時に断線や表面傷が発生しやすい。450℃より高いと、結晶粒粗大化が起こりやすくなり伸び、強度(耐力や引張強度など)が低下する。
さらに、被加工材を図1に示すようなダイス22を用いて、ダイス引きによって伸線加工する。この伸線加工により、被加工材の外径が例えばφ0.31mmに縮径される。ダイス22のダイス半角βは10~30°、1パス当たりの加工率は、10%以下であることが好ましい。ダイス半角を上記範囲のようにすると、表面加工率が大きくなる点で有利であり、外周部のみを加工することができる。また、第一伸線工程ではテーパ面を荒くすることで表面に加わる応力を大きくし、第二伸線工程では表面傷やクラックの発生を防ぐためテーパ面を滑らかにすることが望まれる。よってテーパ面22aの表面粗さを、テーパ面21aの表面粗さより小さくすることは、表面傷を発生させずに外周部の粒径だけを小さくできる点で有利である。
次に、被加工材に、溶体化熱処理を施すと共に第1歪み加工処理を施す。この溶体化熱処理は、被加工材にランダムに含有されているMg、Si化合物をアルミニウム合金の母相中に溶け込ませるため等を目的として行う。第1熱処理は、480~620℃の範囲内の所定温度まで加熱した後、少なくとも150℃の温度までは10℃/s以上の平均冷却速度で冷却する熱処理である。溶体化熱処理温度が480℃より低いと、溶体化が不完全になり後工程の時効熱処理時に析出する針状のMg2Si析出物が少なくなり、耐力、引張強度、耐屈曲疲労特性、導電率の向上幅が小さくなる。溶体化熱処理が620℃より高いと、結晶粒が粗大化する問題が発生し、耐力、引張強度、伸び、耐屈曲疲労特性が低下する可能性がある。また、純アルミニウムに対してアルミニウム以外の元素が多く含まれているために融点が下がり、部分的に融解してしまう可能性がある。上記溶体化熱処理温度は、好ましくは500~600℃の範囲、更に好ましくは520~580℃の範囲とする。
溶体化熱処理および第1歪み加工処理を実施した線材を、複数本束ねて撚り合わせる。この工程は溶体化熱処理前後、または時効熱処理後であっても良い。本実施形態では撚り合わせ処理を施すが、本撚り合わせ処理を行わず、溶体化熱処理および第1歪み加工処理を実施した線材の単線に、以下の時効熱処理を施してもよい。
そして、線材の撚線に、時効熱処理を施すと共に第2歪み加工処理を施す。時効熱処理は、針状のMg2Si析出物を析出させるため等を目的として行う。時効熱処理における加熱温度は、140~250℃である。前記加熱温度が140℃未満であると、針状のMg2Si析出物を十分に析出させることができず、強度、耐屈曲疲労特性および導電率が不足しがちである。また、前記加熱温度が250℃よりも高いと、Mg2Si析出物のサイズが大きくなるため、導電率は上昇するが、強度および耐屈曲疲労特性が不足しがちである。加熱時間は、温度によって最適な時間が変化する。低温では長時間、高温では短時間の加熱が強度、耐屈曲疲労特性を向上させる上で好ましい。生産性を考慮すると短時間が良く、好ましくは15時間以下、更に好ましくは10時間以下である。
本発明のアルミニウム合金導体は、素線径が、特に制限はなく用途に応じて適宜定めることができるが、細物線の場合はφ0.1~0.5mm、中細物線の場合はφ0.8~1.5mmが好ましい。本アルミニウム合金導体は、図2の断面図に示すように、アルミニウム合金導体30に形成される外周部31と、該外周部以外の残りの部分である内部32とからなる線材として表すことができる。なお、外周部31の幅の値は必ずしも直径の1/10である必要はなく、本発明の技術思想に基づいて上記値にある程度の範囲を持たせることができる。
(実施例1)
Mg、Si、FeおよびAlと、選択的に添加するCu、Zr、TiおよびBを、表1に示す含有量(質量%)になるようにプロペルチ式の連続鋳造圧延機を用いて、溶湯を水冷した鋳型で連続的に鋳造しながら圧延を行い、約φ9.5mmの棒材とした。このときの鋳造冷却速度は1~20℃/秒とした。次いで、表2に示す加工率が得られるように第1伸線加工を行った。次に、この第1伸線加工を施した加工材に中間熱処理を行い、その後、第1伸線加工と同様の加工率で、φ0.3mmの線径まで第2伸線加工を行った。次に、表2に示す条件で溶体化熱処理(第1熱処理)を施した。なお、溶体化熱処理において、バッチ式熱処理では、線材に熱電対を巻きつけて線材温度を測定した。連続通電熱処理では、線材の温度が最も高くなる部分での測定が設備上困難であるため、ファイバ型放射温度計(ジャパンセンサ社製)で線材の温度が最も高くなる部分よりも手前の位置にて温度を測定し、ジュール熱と放熱を考慮して最高到達温度を算出した。高周波加熱および連続走間熱処理では、熱処理区間出口付近の線材温度を測定した。溶体化熱処理後に、表2に示す条件で時効熱処理(第2熱処理)を施し、アルミニウム合金線を製造した。
Mg、Si、FeおよびAlと、選択的に添加するCu、Mn、Cr、Zr、Au、Ag、Hf、V、Ni、Sc、Co、TiおよびBを、表3に示す含有量(質量%)になるように配合した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で鋳造、圧延を行い、約φ9.5mmの棒材とした。次いで、表4に示す加工率が得られるように第1伸線加工を行った。次に、この第1伸線加工を施した加工材に中間熱処理を行い、その後、第1伸線加工と同様の加工率で、φ0.3mmの線径まで第2伸線加工を行った。次に、表4に示す条件で溶体化熱処理(第1熱処理)を施した。そして、溶体化熱処理後に、表4に示す条件で時効熱処理(第2熱処理)を施し、アルミニウム合金線を製造した。
伸線方向に切り出した供試材の縦断面を樹脂で埋め、機械研磨後、電解研磨を行った。この組織を200~400倍の光学顕微鏡で撮影し、JIS H0501、H0502に準じて公差法による粒径測定を行った。具体的には、撮影された写真に伸線方向に平行な直線を引き、その直線と交わる粒界の数を測定した。この測定を、アルミニウム合金導体の外周部及び内部についてそれぞれ50個程度の結晶粒界と交わるように測定し、外周部及び内部の平均結晶粒径とした。直線長さは長いほど好ましいが、作業性の観点から、50個程度の結晶粒径を測定できるように、また直線が長いと光学顕微鏡の撮影範囲からはみ出てしまうため複数本の直線を用いるなどして、直線の長さと本数を調節して測定した。
耐屈曲疲労特性の基準として、常温におけるひずみ振幅は±0.17%とした。耐屈曲疲労特性はひずみ振幅によって変化する。ひずみ振幅が大きい場合、疲労寿命は短くなり、ひずみ振幅が小さい場合、疲労寿命は長くなる。ひずみ振幅は、線材の線径と曲げ冶具の曲率半径により決定することができるため、線材の線径と曲げ冶具の曲率半径は任意に設定して屈曲疲労試験を実施することが可能である。藤井精機株式会社(現株式会社フジイ)製の両振屈曲疲労試験機を用い、0.17%の曲げ歪みが与えられる治具を使用して、繰り返し曲げを実施することにより、破断までの繰返回数を測定した。本実施例では、破断までの繰返回数が10万回以上を合格とした。
JIS Z2241に準じて各3本ずつの供試材(アルミニウム合金線)について引張試験を行い、オフセット法により0.2%の規定の永久伸びを用いて0.2%耐力を算出し、その平均値を求めた。耐力は、車体への取付け作業時に不意に負荷される荷重に耐えることができ、かつ、ワイヤーハーネス取り付け時の作業効率を低下させないために、50MPa以上320MPa以下を合格とした。伸びは、引張破断伸びが5%以上を合格とした。
長さ300mmの試験片を20℃(±0.5℃)に保持した恒温漕中で、四端子法を用いて比抵抗を各3本ずつの供試材(アルミニウム合金線)について測定し、その平均導電率を算出した。端子間距離は200mmとした。導電率は特に規定しないが、35%以上を合格とした。なお、導電率は45%IACS以上であると特に好ましい。
比較例8では、含有されるNi含有量が本発明の範囲外にあり、破断までの繰返回数および伸びが不足し、耐力が過剰となった。比較例9では、Mn含有量が本発明の範囲外にあり、破断までの繰返回数および導電率が不足し、耐力が過剰となった。比較例10では、Zr含有量が本発明の範囲外にあり、破断までの繰返回数および伸びが不足し、耐力が過剰となった。
また、比較例11では、Mg、Cr含有量が本発明の範囲外にあり、この条件では、伸線中に断線が生じた。比較例12では、1パス当たりの加工率、ダイス半角および外周部の平均結晶粒径が本発明の範囲外にあり、破断までの繰返回数が不足し、耐力が過剰となった。なお、比較例12は、特許文献2中の試料No.18の実施例を模したものである。
21aテーパ面
22 ダイス
22a テーパ面
Claims (13)
- Mg:0.10~1.00質量%、Si:0.10~1.00質量%、Fe:0.01~2.50質量%、Ti:0.000~0.100質量%、B:0.000~0.030質量%、Cu:0.00~1.00質量%、Ag:0.00~0.50質量%、Au:0.00~0.50質量%、Mn:0.00~1.00質量%、Cr:0.00~1.00質量%、Zr:0.00~0.50質量%、Hf:0.00~0.50質量%、V:0.00~0.50質量%、Sc:0.00~0.50質量%、Co:0.00~0.50質量%、Ni:0.00~0.50質量%、残部:Alおよび不可避不純物からなる組成を有するアルミニウム合金導体であって、
前記アルミニウム合金導体の外周部での平均結晶粒径が1~35μmであることを特徴とする、アルミニウム合金導体。 - 前記化学組成が、Ti:0.001~0.100質量%およびB:0.001~0.030質量%からなる群から選択された1種または2種を含有する、請求項1に記載のアルミニウム合金導体。
- 前記化学組成が、Cu:0.01~1.00質量%、Ag:0.01~0.50質量%、Au:0.01~0.50質量%、Mn:0.01~1.00質量%、Cr:0.01~1.00質量%、Zr:0.01~0.50質量%、Hf:0.01~0.50質量%、V:0.01~0.50質量%、Sc:0.01~0.50質量%、Co:0.01~0.50質量%およびNi:0.01~0.50質量%からなる群から選択された1種または2種以上を含有する、請求項1または2に記載のアルミニウム合金導体。
- Fe、Ti、B、Cu、Ag、Au、Mn、Cr、Zr、Hf、V、Sc、Co、Niの含有量の合計が0.01~2.50質量%である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金導体。
- 内部の平均結晶粒径が、前記外周部の平均結晶粒径の1.1倍以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金導体。
- 屈曲疲労試験によって測定した破断までの繰返回数が10万回以上であり、導電率が45~55%IACSであることを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金導体。
- 素線の直径が0.1~0.5mmであるアルミニウム合金線である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金導体。
- 請求項7に記載のアルミニウム合金導体を複数本撚り合わせて得られるアルミニウム合金撚線。
- 請求項7に記載のアルミニウム合金導体または請求項8に記載のアルミニウム合金撚線の外周に被覆層を有する被覆電線。
- 請求項9に記載の被覆電線と、該被覆電線の、前記被覆層を除去した端部に装着された端子とを具えるワイヤーハーネス。
- 溶解処理、鋳造処理、熱間もしくは冷間加工処理、第1伸線加工処理、中間熱処理、第2伸線加工処理、溶体化熱処理および時効熱処理を、この順に実行して得られるアルミニウム合金導体の製造方法であって、
前記第1伸線加工処理において、用いられるダイスのダイス半角が10~30°とし、かつ1パスあたりの加工率が10%以下とし、
前記第2伸線加工処理において、用いられるダイスのダイス半角が10~30°とし、かつ1パスあたりの加工率が10%以下とすることを特徴とする、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金導体の製造方法。 - 前記時効熱処理前に、被加工材の外周部に低歪の加工を施す歪み加工処理を行うことを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の製造方法。
- 前記歪み加工処理を前記溶体化熱処理中に行うことを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の製造方法。
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KR101813772B1 (ko) | 2017-12-29 |
CN104781431B (zh) | 2018-08-24 |
EP2896708B1 (en) | 2017-09-13 |
KR20150140709A (ko) | 2015-12-16 |
JP5607853B1 (ja) | 2014-10-15 |
EP2896708A4 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
EP3260563B1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
CN104781431A (zh) | 2015-07-15 |
EP2896708A1 (en) | 2015-07-22 |
JPWO2014155819A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
EP3260563A1 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
US9263167B2 (en) | 2016-02-16 |
US20150213913A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
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