WO2013061964A1 - 表示装置 - Google Patents
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- WO2013061964A1 WO2013061964A1 PCT/JP2012/077360 JP2012077360W WO2013061964A1 WO 2013061964 A1 WO2013061964 A1 WO 2013061964A1 JP 2012077360 W JP2012077360 W JP 2012077360W WO 2013061964 A1 WO2013061964 A1 WO 2013061964A1
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- light
- display device
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- base material
- pixel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
- G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
- G02B5/0242—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element by means of dispersed particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133526—Lenses, e.g. microlenses or Fresnel lenses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a display device.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-237847 filed in Japan on October 28, 2011, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Liquid crystal display devices are widely used as portable electronic devices such as cellular phones or displays for televisions, personal computers, and the like.
- liquid crystal display devices are known to have excellent visibility from the front, but have a narrow viewing angle.
- Various devices have been devised for widening the viewing angle.
- a configuration in which a member for diffusing light emitted from a display body such as a liquid crystal panel (hereinafter referred to as a light diffusing member) is provided on the viewing side of the display body can be considered.
- a light diffusing member a member for diffusing light emitted from a display body
- the light diffusing member since the light transmitted through the liquid crystal panel is scattered by the light diffusing member and emitted in various directions, the light is mixed before being recognized by the eyes of the viewer, and display blur may occur.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal panel, a backlight that emits light from the back side of the liquid crystal display panel, and a light scattering film disposed on the front side of the liquid crystal panel. ing.
- the light-scattering film has a light-transmitting base material, and a light-scattering layer in which scattering particles are dispersed in a resin material is stacked on one surface of the base material. It has become.
- An aspect of the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and an object thereof is to provide a display device that can suppress blurring of display.
- a display device includes a light source, a display element that performs display using light from the light source, and an angular distribution of light incident from the display element, provided on a viewing side of the display element.
- a light diffusing member that emits light in a wider state than before incidence, an isotropic diffusion layer that is provided on the viewing side of the light diffusing member and isotropically diffuses light incident from the light diffusing member; ,including.
- the display element includes a plurality of pixels that form a display image.
- the angle at which the luminous flux ratio is the largest among the light output angles from the light source is ⁇ 0
- the average traveling angle until the light incident on the display element at the angle ⁇ 0 reaches the isotropic diffusion layer is ⁇ 1.
- the distance from the image forming surface to the interface between the light diffusing member and the isotropic diffusion layer is T
- the refractive index of air is n 0
- the average refraction between the image forming surface and the isotropic diffusion layer is The rate is n 1
- the pixel pitch is P
- the light arrival position perpendicular to the isotropic diffusion layer out of the light from the end of the pixel and the traveling angle ⁇ 1 with respect to the isotropic diffusion layer When the distance from the arrival position of the light that arrived at P is P ′, the following expressions (1), (2), and (3) are satisfied.
- the display element includes a color filter, and k sub-pixels that display different colors are arranged adjacent to each other, and the k sub-pixels form a display.
- the following expression (4) may be satisfied.
- the k sub-pixels include a red sub-pixel that performs display using red light, a green sub-pixel that performs display using green light, and a blue sub-pixel that performs display using blue light.
- the red sub-pixel, the green sub-pixel, and the blue sub-pixel are arranged adjacent to each other, and the red sub-pixel, the green sub-pixel, and the blue sub-pixel constitute a display 1 When one pixel is configured, the following equation (5) may be satisfied.
- the light diffusion member includes a base material having light permeability, a plurality of light diffusion portions formed on one surface of the base material, and the light diffusion on one surface of the base material.
- a light-shielding layer formed in a region other than the region where the part is formed, the light diffusing unit has a light emitting end surface on the substrate side, and the light diffusing unit is on the side opposite to the substrate side
- a light incident end face having an area larger than an area of the light emitting end face, and a height from the light incident end face of the light diffusing portion to the light emitting end face is larger than a layer thickness of the light shielding layer;
- the isotropic diffusion layer may be formed on a surface opposite to the one surface of the substrate.
- the light diffusing member includes a plurality of light diffusing portions formed on one surface of the isotropic diffusing layer, and a region other than a region where the light diffusing portion is formed on one surface of the isotropic diffusing layer.
- a light-shielding layer formed in the region, wherein the light diffusing portion has a light emitting end surface on the isotropic diffusing layer side, and the light diffusing portion is on the side opposite to the isotropic diffusing layer side.
- a light incident end face having an area larger than an area of the emission end face may be provided, and a height from the light incident end face to the light emission end face of the light diffusing portion may be larger than a layer thickness of the light shielding layer.
- the plurality of light diffusion portions are arranged in a scattered manner when viewed from the normal direction of the one surface of the base material, and the light shielding layer is other than the formation region of the light diffusion portion. It may be formed continuously in the region.
- the plurality of light diffusion portions may be arranged aperiodically when viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the base material.
- the plurality of light diffusion portions may have shapes that are equal to each other when viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the substrate.
- the plurality of light diffusion portions may have at least one of a plurality of types and sizes different from each other when viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the base material.
- air may exist in a gap between the plurality of light diffusion portions.
- the light diffusing member includes a light-transmitting base material, a plurality of light-shielding layers formed on one surface of the base material, and one surface of the base material.
- a light diffusing portion formed in a region other than the region where the light shielding layer is formed, wherein the light diffusing portion has a light emission end face on the substrate side, and the light diffusing portion is opposite to the substrate side
- a light incident end surface having an area larger than the area of the light emitting end surface on the side, and a height from the light incident end surface to the light emitting end surface of the light diffusion portion is larger than a layer thickness of the light shielding layer.
- the isotropic diffusion layer may be formed on a surface opposite to the one surface of the substrate.
- the light diffusing member includes a plurality of light shielding layers formed on one surface of the isotropic diffusion layer, and the light shielding layer is formed on one surface of the isotropic diffusion layer.
- a light diffusing portion formed in a region other than the region, wherein the light diffusing portion has a light exit end face on the isotropic diffusing layer side, and the light diffusing portion is opposite to the isotropic diffusing layer side.
- a light incident end surface having an area larger than the area of the light emitting end surface, and a height from the light incident end surface to the light emitting end surface of the light diffusion portion is larger than a layer thickness of the light shielding layer. Also good.
- the plurality of light shielding layers are arranged in a scattered manner when viewed from the normal direction of the one surface of the base material, and the light diffusion portion is a region other than the region where the light shielding layer is formed. It may be formed continuously in the region.
- the plurality of light shielding layers may be non-periodically arranged when viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the base material.
- the plurality of light shielding layers may have the same shape as seen from the normal direction of one surface of the base material.
- the plurality of light shielding layers may have at least one of a plurality of types and sizes different from each other when viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the substrate.
- the light source may emit light having directivity.
- the display element may be a liquid crystal display element.
- FIGS. 1 to 12B a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 12B.
- a liquid crystal display device including a transmissive liquid crystal panel as a display body will be described.
- the scale of the size may be changed depending on the component.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display device 1 (display device) of the present embodiment includes a liquid crystal display element 6 (display element) and a viewing angle widening film 7.
- the liquid crystal display element 6 includes a backlight 2 (light source), a first polarizing plate 3, a liquid crystal panel 4 (light modulation element), and a second polarizing plate 5.
- the observer sees the display from the upper side of the liquid crystal display device 1 in FIG. 2 where the viewing angle widening film 7 is arranged. Therefore, in the following description, the side on which the viewing angle widening film 7 is disposed is referred to as a viewing side, and the side on which the backlight 2 is disposed is referred to as a back side.
- the light emitted from the backlight 2 is modulated by the liquid crystal panel 4, and a predetermined image, character, or the like is displayed by the modulated light. Further, when the light emitted from the liquid crystal panel 4 passes through the viewing angle widening film 7, the angle distribution of the emitted light becomes wider than before entering the viewing angle widening film 7, and the light is widened. Is injected from. Thereby, the observer can visually recognize the display with a wide viewing angle.
- liquid crystal panel 4 an active matrix transmissive liquid crystal panel will be described as an example, but a liquid crystal panel applicable to the present embodiment is not limited to an active matrix transmissive liquid crystal panel.
- the liquid crystal panel applicable to the present invention may be, for example, a transflective (transmissive / reflective) liquid crystal panel or a reflective liquid crystal panel, and each pixel may be a switching thin film transistor (Thin Film Transistor, hereinafter). It may be a simple matrix type liquid crystal panel not provided with (abbreviated as TFT).
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the liquid crystal panel 4 includes a TFT substrate 9, a color filter substrate 10, and a liquid crystal layer 11.
- the TFT substrate 9 functions as a switching element substrate.
- the color filter substrate 10 is disposed to face the TFT substrate 9.
- the liquid crystal layer 11 is sandwiched between the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10.
- the liquid crystal layer 11 is surrounded by a TFT substrate 9, a color filter substrate 10, and a frame-shaped seal member (not shown) that bonds the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 at a predetermined interval. It is enclosed in the space.
- the liquid crystal panel 4 of the present embodiment performs display in, for example, a VA (Vertical Alignment, vertical alignment) mode, and the liquid crystal layer 11 uses vertical alignment liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy.
- a spherical spacer 12 is disposed between the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 to keep the distance between these substrates constant.
- the display mode is not limited to the VA mode described above, and a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, an STN (Super Twisted Nematic) mode, an IPS (In-Plane Switching) mode, or the like can be used.
- the TFT substrate 9 has a plurality of pixels (not shown) as a minimum unit area for display arranged in a matrix.
- a plurality of source bus lines (not shown) are formed on the TFT substrate 9 so as to extend in parallel with each other, and a plurality of gate bus lines (not shown) extend in parallel with each other, And it is formed so as to be orthogonal to a plurality of source bus lines. Therefore, on the TFT substrate 9, a plurality of source bus lines and a plurality of gate bus lines are formed in a lattice pattern, and a rectangular region partitioned by adjacent source bus lines and adjacent gate bus lines is one. One pixel.
- the source bus line is connected to the source electrode of the TFT described later, and the gate bus line is connected to the gate electrode of the TFT.
- a TFT 19 having a semiconductor layer 15, a gate electrode 16, a source electrode 17, a drain electrode 18, etc. is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 14 constituting the TFT substrate 9 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side.
- a transparent substrate 14 for example, a glass substrate can be used.
- a semiconductor material such as CGS (Continuous Grain Silicon), LPS (Low-temperature Poly-Silicon), ⁇ -Si (Amorphous Silicon), etc.
- a semiconductor layer 15 made of is formed.
- a gate insulating film 20 is formed on the transparent substrate 14 so as to cover the semiconductor layer 15.
- a material of the gate insulating film 20 for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated film thereof can be used.
- a gate electrode 16 is formed on the gate insulating film 20 so as to face the semiconductor layer 15.
- a laminated film of W (tungsten) / TaN (tantalum nitride), Mo (molybdenum), Ti (titanium), Al (aluminum), or the like is used.
- a first interlayer insulating film 21 is formed on the gate insulating film 20 so as to cover the gate electrode 16.
- a material of the first interlayer insulating film 21 for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated film thereof can be used.
- a source electrode 17 and a drain electrode 18 are formed on the first interlayer insulating film 21.
- the source electrode 17 is connected to the source region of the semiconductor layer 15 through a contact hole 22 that penetrates the first interlayer insulating film 21 and the gate insulating film 20.
- the drain electrode 18 is connected to the drain region of the semiconductor layer 15 through a contact hole 23 that penetrates the first interlayer insulating film 21 and the gate insulating film 20.
- a second interlayer insulating film 24 is formed on the first interlayer insulating film 21 so as to cover the source electrode 17 and the drain electrode 18.
- the material of the second interlayer insulating film 24 the same material as the first interlayer insulating film 21 described above or an organic insulating material can be used.
- a pixel electrode 25 is formed on the second interlayer insulating film 24.
- the pixel electrode 25 is connected to the drain electrode 18 through a contact hole 26 that penetrates the second interlayer insulating film 24. Therefore, the pixel electrode 25 is connected to the drain region of the semiconductor layer 15 using the drain electrode 18 as a relay electrode.
- a transparent conductive material such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide, Indium Tin Oxide), IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide, Indium Zinc Oxide) can be used.
- An alignment film 27 is formed on the entire surface of the second interlayer insulating film 24 so as to cover the pixel electrode 25.
- This alignment film 27 has an alignment regulating force for vertically aligning liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 11.
- the form of the TFT may be the bottom gate TFT shown in FIG. 3 or the top gate TFT.
- a black matrix 30, a color filter 31, a planarizing layer 32, a counter electrode 33, and an alignment film 34 are sequentially formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 29 constituting the color filter substrate 10 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side.
- the black matrix 30 has a function of blocking light transmission in the inter-pixel region.
- the black matrix 30 is formed of, for example, a metal such as Cr (chromium) or a Cr / Cr oxide multilayer film, or a photoresist in which carbon particles are dispersed in a photosensitive resin.
- the color filter 31 contains pigments of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) colors.
- One pixel electrode 25 on the TFT substrate 9 is provided with any one of R, G, and B color filters 31 facing each other. Note that the color filter 31 may have a multicolor configuration of three or more colors of R, G, and B.
- the planarization layer 32 is composed of an insulating film that covers the black matrix 30 and the color filter 31.
- the planarizing layer 32 has a function of smoothing and leveling a step formed by the black matrix 30 and the color filter 31.
- a counter electrode 33 is formed on the planarization layer 32.
- As the material of the counter electrode 33 a transparent conductive material similar to that of the pixel electrode 25 is used.
- an alignment film 34 having a vertical alignment regulating force is formed on the entire surface of the counter electrode 33.
- the backlight 2 includes a light source 36 such as a light emitting diode and a cold cathode tube, and a light guide plate 37 that emits light toward the liquid crystal panel 4 using internal reflection of light emitted from the light source 36.
- the backlight 2 may be an edge light type in which the light source is disposed on the end face of the light guide, or may be a direct type in which the light source is disposed directly under the light guide.
- the directional backlight described above can be realized by optimizing the shape and arrangement of the reflection pattern formed in the light guide plate 37.
- directivity may be realized by arranging a louver on the backlight.
- a first polarizing plate 3 that functions as a polarizer is provided between the backlight 2 and the liquid crystal panel 4.
- a second polarizing plate 5 that functions as a polarizer is provided between the liquid crystal panel 4 and the viewing angle widening film 7.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of the viewing angle widening film 7.
- the viewing angle widening film 7 is composed of a light diffusing member 70 and an isotropic diffusing layer 8.
- the light diffusing member 70 includes a base material 39, a plurality of light diffusing portions 40 formed on one surface of the base material 39 (a surface opposite to the viewing side), and a light shielding layer 41 formed on one surface of the base material 39. , Is composed of.
- the isotropic diffusion layer 80 is formed on the other surface (surface on the viewing side) of the base material 39.
- the viewing angle widening film 7 is formed on the second polarizing plate 5 with the side where the light diffusing portion 40 is provided facing the second polarizing plate 5 and the base 39 side facing the viewing side. Is arranged.
- resins such as a thermoplastic polymer, a thermosetting resin, and a photopolymerizable resin are generally used.
- an appropriate transparent resin substrate made of acrylic polymer, olefin polymer, vinyl polymer, cellulose polymer, amide polymer, fluorine polymer, urethane polymer, silicone polymer, imide polymer, etc. Can do.
- a transparent resin base material such as a film is preferably used.
- the base material 39 serves as a base when a material for the light shielding layer 41 and the light diffusion portion 40 is applied later in the manufacturing process described later, and has heat resistance and mechanical strength in the heat treatment step during the manufacturing process. It is necessary to prepare. Therefore, as the base material 39, a glass base material or the like may be used in addition to the resin base material.
- the thickness of the base material 39 is as thin as possible without impairing heat resistance and mechanical strength. The reason is that as the thickness of the base material 39 is increased, there is a possibility that display blur may occur.
- the total light transmittance of the substrate 39 is preferably 90% or more in accordance with JIS K7361-1. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained.
- a PET film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m is used as an example.
- the light diffusing unit 40 is made of an organic material having light transmissivity and photosensitivity such as acrylic resin, epoxy resin, and silicone resin.
- a mixture made of a transparent resin in which a polymerization initiator, a coupling agent, a monomer, an organic solvent and the like are mixed with these resins can be used.
- the polymerization initiator may contain various additional components such as a stabilizer, an inhibitor, a plasticizer, a fluorescent brightening agent, a mold release agent, a chain transfer agent, and other photopolymerizable monomers. .
- materials described in Japanese Patent No. 4129991 can be used.
- the total light transmittance of the light diffusing section 40 is preferably 90% or more as defined in JIS K7361-1. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained.
- the horizontal cross section when the light diffusing unit 40 is cut along a plane (xy plane) parallel to one surface of the base material 39 is circular.
- the diameter of the light diffusion part 40 is, for example, about 20 ⁇ m.
- the plurality of light diffusing portions 40 all have the same diameter.
- the light diffusing portion 40 has a small area of the horizontal cross section on the base material 39 side that becomes the light emission end face 40 a, and the area of the horizontal cross section gradually increases as the distance from the base material 39 increases. That is, when viewed from the base material 39 side, the light diffusing portion 40 has a so-called reverse tapered frustoconical shape.
- the light diffusion part 40 is a part that contributes to the transmission of light in the viewing angle widening film 7. That is, the light incident on the light diffusing unit 40 is guided and emitted while being totally confined inside the light diffusing unit 40 while being totally reflected by the tapered side surface 40 c of the light diffusing unit 40.
- the plurality of light diffusion portions 40 are scattered on the base material 39.
- the light shielding layer 41 is continuously formed on the base material 39 by forming the plurality of light diffusion portions 40 scattered on the base material 39.
- the plurality of light diffusion portions 40 are arranged randomly (non-periodically) when viewed from the normal direction of the main surface of the base material 39. Therefore, although the pitch between the adjacent light diffusion portions 40 is not constant, the average pitch obtained by averaging the pitches between the adjacent light diffusion portions 40 is set to 25 ⁇ m.
- the light shielding layer 41 is formed in a region other than the formation region of the plurality of light diffusion portions 40 on the surface of the base material 39 on which the light diffusion portions 40 are formed.
- the light shielding layer 41 is made of an organic material having light absorption and photosensitivity such as a black resist.
- the light shielding layer 41 may be a metal film such as a single metal such as Cr (chromium) or Cr / Cr oxide, a metal oxide, or a multilayer film of a single metal and a metal oxide, or a pigment used for black ink. -It is sufficient to use a light-shielding material such as a black ink obtained by mixing dye, black resin, and multicolor ink.
- the layer thickness of the light shielding layer 41 is set to be smaller than the height from the light incident end surface 40b of the light diffusion portion 40 to the light emitting end surface 40a.
- the thickness of the light shielding layer 41 is about 150 nm as an example, and the height from the light incident end surface 40b to the light emitting end surface 40a of the light diffusion portion 40 is about 20 ⁇ m as an example. Therefore, in the gap between the plurality of light diffusion portions 40, the light shielding layer 41 exists in a portion in contact with one surface of the base material 39, and air exists in other portions.
- the refractive index of the base material 39 and the refractive index of the light diffusing portion 40 are substantially equal. The reason is that, for example, if the refractive index of the base material 39 and the refractive index of the light diffusing unit 40 are greatly different, the light diffusing unit is used when the light incident from the light incident end surface 40b is emitted from the light diffusing unit 40. This is because unnecessary light refraction or reflection occurs at the interface between the substrate 40 and the substrate 39, and a desired light diffusion angle cannot be obtained, and the amount of emitted light may decrease.
- the viewing angle widening film 7 is disposed so that the base material 39 faces the viewing side, and therefore, the smaller one of the two opposing surfaces of the truncated cone-shaped light diffusion portion 40.
- the surface having the larger area becomes the light incident end surface 40b.
- the inclination angle of the side surface 40c of the light diffusing portion 40 is about 80 ° as an example.
- the inclination angle of the side surface 40c of the light diffusion portion 40 is not particularly limited as long as it is an angle that can sufficiently diffuse incident light when exiting from the viewing angle widening film 7.
- the light diffusion portion 40 is formed of, for example, an acrylic resin
- the side surface 40c of the light diffusion portion 40 becomes an interface between the acrylic resin and air.
- the difference in the refractive index between the inside and the outside of the light diffusing unit 40 is larger than when any low refractive index material exists outside. The maximum is when air is present. Therefore, from Snell's law, in the configuration of the present embodiment, the critical angle is the smallest, and the incident angle range in which light is totally reflected by the side surface 40c of the light diffusing unit 40 is the widest. As a result, light loss is further suppressed, and high luminance can be obtained.
- a backlight that emits light at an angle that does not enter the side surface 40c of the light diffusing portion 40 at a critical angle or less, that is, a so-called directional backlight.
- the isotropic diffusion layer 8 is formed on the other surface (surface on the viewing side) of the base material 39 as shown in FIG. 4A. That is, the isotropic diffusion layer 8 is formed on a surface different from the surface on which the light diffusion portion 40 of the base material 39 is formed.
- the isotropic diffusion layer 8 is configured by dispersing a large number of light scattering bodies 81 such as acrylic beads in a binder resin 80 such as an acrylic resin.
- the thickness of the isotropic diffusion layer 8 is about 20 ⁇ m as an example, the spherical diameter of the spherical light scatterer 81 is about 0.5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the adhesive layer 51 is about 25 ⁇ m as an example.
- the isotropic diffusion layer 8 isotropically diffuses the light diffused by the light diffusing section 40 and further widens it.
- the light scatterer 81 is not limited to this, but is made of acrylic polymer, olefin polymer, vinyl polymer, cellulose polymer, amide polymer, fluorine polymer, urethane polymer, silicone polymer, imide polymer, or the like. It may be made of an appropriate transparent substance such as a resin piece or glass beads. In addition to these transparent substances, scatterers and reflectors that do not absorb light can be used. Or it is good also as the bubble which diffused the light-scattering body 81 in the light-diffusion part 40. FIG.
- each light scatterer 81 can be formed in various shapes such as a spherical shape, an elliptical spherical shape, a flat plate shape, and a polygonal cube.
- the light scatterer 81 may be formed so as to have a uniform or non-uniform size.
- an isotropic diffusion layer 8 is disposed on the outermost surface of the viewing angle widening film 7.
- the light L incident perpendicularly to the light incident end face 40 b of the light diffusion portion 40 is diffused by the light diffusion portion 40 and further diffused by the isotropic diffusion layer 8. For this reason, light of various angles is emitted from the isotropic diffusion layer 8.
- the light L incident perpendicularly to the light incident end surface 40Xb of the light diffusing portion 40X is specified. It is injected concentrated on the diffusion angle. As a result, light cannot be uniformly diffused over a wide angle range, and a bright display can be obtained only with a specific viewing angle.
- the isotropic diffusion layer 8 is disposed on the outermost surface of the viewing angle widening film 7, the light diffusion angle can be prevented from being concentrated to one. As a result, the light diffusion characteristics of the viewing angle widening film 7 can be made smoother, and a bright display can be obtained with a wide viewing angle.
- the light L0 incident on the viewing angle widening film 7 is from the viewing angle widening film 7 in a state where the angle distribution is wider than before entering the viewing angle widening film 7. It is injected. Therefore, even if the observer tilts the line of sight from the front direction (normal direction) of the liquid crystal display element 6, a good display can be visually recognized.
- the planar shape of the light diffusing unit 40 is circular, the angular distribution spreads in all directions centered on the normal direction of the screen of the liquid crystal display element 6. Therefore, the observer can visually recognize a good display in all directions.
- the light L obliquely incident on the viewing angle widening film 7 is light that is obliquely transmitted through the liquid crystal panel 4 and is light that is different from a desired retardation, that is, light that causes a decrease in so-called display contrast.
- the viewing angle widening film 7 of the present embodiment can increase the display contrast because such light is cut by the light shielding layer 41. Furthermore, since the external light which is incident on the viewing angle expansion film 7 from the viewing side is also cut by the light shielding layer 41, the scattering of the external light is suppressed, and the visibility of display in a bright place can be improved.
- an interference fringe pattern is visually recognized when the period of each pattern is slightly shifted.
- a viewing angle widening film in which a plurality of light diffusion portions are arranged in a matrix and a liquid crystal panel in which a plurality of pixels are arranged in a matrix are overlapped, a periodic pattern and a liquid crystal formed by the light diffusion portions of the viewing angle widening film Moire may occur between the periodic patterns of the panel pixels and display quality may be reduced.
- the liquid crystal display device 1 of the present embodiment since the plurality of light diffusion portions 40 are randomly arranged in a plane, interference with the regular arrangement of pixels of the liquid crystal panel 4 is caused. Moire does not occur and display quality can be maintained.
- the light diffusion part 40 may be connected at least in part. Thereby, each light-diffusion part 40 becomes difficult to fall down and the form stability of the viewing angle expansion film 7 improves. Moreover, since the ratio in which the light which injected into the viewing angle expansion film 7 is absorbed by the light shielding layer 41 becomes small, the light utilization efficiency improves.
- the viewing angle widening film 7 is incident as an isotropic diffusion layer 8 on the viewing side surface of the isotropic diffusion layer 8 from the surface, and the traveling direction is caused by the light scatterer 81. It is preferable to use a light that does not cause so-called backscattering (backscattering) so that the modified light is Mie scattered. As a result, it is possible to suppress a reduction in display quality and contrast.
- ⁇ 0 is the angle with the highest luminous flux ratio among the light emission angles from the backlight 2.
- ⁇ 1 An average traveling angle until light incident on the liquid crystal display element 6 at the angle ⁇ 0 reaches the isotropic diffusion layer 8 is defined as ⁇ 1 .
- n 0 be the refractive index of air.
- n 1 be the average refractive index between the image forming surface and the isotropic diffusion layer 8.
- P be the pixel pitch.
- the distance P ′ may be simply referred to as a blur width.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing parameters of a relational expression that allows display blur in the liquid crystal display device 1.
- the angle ⁇ 0 having the highest luminous flux ratio among the light emission angles from the backlight 2 means that the total luminous flux emitted from the backlight 2 is per unit solid angle of the luminous flux directed in a certain direction. An angle with a high percentage.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the polar angle and the azimuth angle.
- a directional backlight when used as the light source, light having a certain range of directivity (light having a predetermined light distribution characteristic) is emitted from the backlight.
- the angle ⁇ 0 is the light V 1 that enters the liquid crystal display element perpendicularly to the liquid crystal display element and the light that enters the liquid crystal display element at a wide angle, as shown in FIG. This is the angle (polar angle) formed with the direction V2.
- the azimuth angle ⁇ is an angle indicated by a horizontal coordinate system with the direction V1 as a central axis, and is an angle between a certain direction and a reference direction.
- it is an angle formed by an axis V0 in the direction along the arrangement direction of the plurality of pixels orthogonal to the direction V1 and a direction V3 obtained by projecting the direction V2 onto the horizontal coordinate plane.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the color filter and the azimuth angle.
- FIG. 7 shows a configuration in which three colored layers are arranged in stripes.
- the arrangement direction of the three color layers is a direction along the direction of the azimuth angle 0 ° and the direction of the azimuth angle 180 °.
- the longitudinal direction of each colored layer in the stripe shape is a direction along the direction with an azimuth angle of 90 ° and the direction with an azimuth angle of 270 °.
- the “image forming surface F G ” serving as a reference for the distance T is a surface on the liquid crystal layer 11 side of the transparent substrate 29 constituting the color filter substrate 10 (between the color filter 31 and the transparent substrate 29. Interface). That is, the distance T is a distance between the surface on the liquid crystal layer 11 side of the transparent substrate 29 constituting the color filter substrate 10 and the surface on the isotropic diffusion layer 8 side of the base material 39 constituting the light diffusion member 70. .
- “Pixel pitch P” is the width of one pixel (the distance in the arrangement direction of the three colored layers shown in FIG. 7).
- the relationship represented by the following equation (1) is established among the distance P ′, the distance T, and the angle ⁇ 1 .
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship of the traveling angle of light from the backlight 2 in the liquid crystal display device 1.
- reference sign ⁇ 0 is an angle having the highest luminous flux ratio among the emission angles of light from the backlight 2.
- Reference sign ⁇ 1 is an average traveling angle until light incident on the liquid crystal display element 6 at an angle ⁇ 0 among the light from the backlight 2 reaches the isotropic diffusion layer 8.
- the symbol n 0 is the refractive index of air.
- Reference numeral n 1 denotes an average refractive index of a structure (the liquid crystal display element 6 and the light diffusing member 70) through which the light from the backlight 2 passes through the isotropic diffusion layer 8 in the liquid crystal display device 1.
- the average traveling angle ⁇ 1 until the light incident on the liquid crystal display element 6 at the angle ⁇ 0 reaches the isotropic diffusion layer 8 among the light from the backlight 2 means from the backlight 2.
- an angle when light incident on the liquid crystal display element 6 at an angle ⁇ 0 travels through the liquid crystal display element 6 and an angle when light emitted from the liquid crystal display element 6 travels through the light diffusion member 70 And the average angle.
- the layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer 11 is sufficiently thinner than the thickness of the transparent substrate 29, liquid crystal layer 11 in considering the progress angle theta 1 is and will not be considered (see FIG. 5 ).
- the traveling angle ⁇ 1 is such that the light incident on the liquid crystal display element 6 at the angle ⁇ 0 of the light from the backlight 2 and the surface on the liquid crystal layer 11 side of the transparent substrate 29 constituting the color filter substrate 10 and the light diffusion member. This is the angle when traveling between the surface of the base material 39 constituting the 70 and the isotropic diffusion layer 8 side.
- the “refractive index n 0 of air” is a refractive index of air existing between the backlight 2 and the liquid crystal display element 6.
- n 0 of air is a refractive index of air existing between the backlight 2 and the liquid crystal display element 6.
- the backlight 2 and the liquid crystal display element 6 constituting the liquid crystal display device are accommodated in a housing, they are arranged with a predetermined interval. In this case, air is interposed between the backlight 2 and the liquid crystal display element 6, and the light emitted from the backlight 2 passes through the air and enters the liquid crystal display element 6.
- the average refractive index n 1 of the structure through which the light from the backlight 2 passes until it reaches the isotropic diffusion layer 8 means the average refractive index of each layer constituting the structure It is a weighted average considering the layer thickness. For example, a weighted average ⁇ of the structure consisting of m layers, the refractive index n m of each layer, between the layer thickness d m of the respective layers, holds the relationship shown in (10) below.
- the liquid crystal display device 1 performs white display because the amount of light from the portion that performs white display enters the portion that originally performs black display is small. It is possible to suppress blurring of the boundary between the portion and the portion that performs black display. In this case, the distance P ′ and the distance P need to satisfy the relationship of the following expression (3).
- blurring of display in the liquid crystal display device 1 can be suppressed by satisfying the above expressions (1), (2), and (3).
- the light emitted from the backlight 2 passes through the liquid crystal display element 6, passes through the light diffusion member 70, and then enters the isotropic diffusion layer 8. Therefore, strictly speaking, of the light from the backlight 2, the angle at which the light incident on the liquid crystal display element 6 at the angle ⁇ 0 travels through the liquid crystal display element 6, and the light emitted from the liquid crystal display element 6 is It is desirable to obtain the distance P ′ in consideration of the respective angles when traveling through the light diffusing member 70.
- the blur of display is suppressed in consideration of the light traveling angle and the thickness of the i-th layer from the top of the color filter 31. It is also possible to derive an expression for
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing details of parameters of a relational expression that allows display blur in the liquid crystal display device 1.
- the transparent substrate 29 the first adhesive 53, the retardation film 50 constituting the second polarizing plate 5, the polarizing layer 51 and the protective layer 52, the second adhesive layer 54, light
- the same reference numerals as those described above will be omitted.
- reference sign ⁇ 11 is an angle when light incident on the transparent substrate 29 at an angle ⁇ 0 among the light from the backlight 2 travels through the transparent substrate 29.
- Reference sign ⁇ 12 is an angle when light incident on the first adhesive 53 at an angle ⁇ 11 travels through the first adhesive 53.
- Reference sign ⁇ 13 is an angle when light incident on the retardation film 50 at an angle ⁇ 12 travels through the retardation film 50.
- the symbol ⁇ 14 is an angle when light incident on the polarizing layer 51 at an angle ⁇ 13 travels through the polarizing layer 51.
- Reference sign ⁇ 15 is an angle when light incident on the protective layer 52 at an angle ⁇ 14 travels through the protective layer 52.
- Reference sign ⁇ 16 is an angle when light incident on the second adhesive 54 at an angle ⁇ 15 travels through the second adhesive layer 54.
- Reference sign ⁇ 17 is an angle at which light incident on the light diffusion unit 40 at the angle ⁇ 16 travels through the light diffusion unit 40.
- the symbol ⁇ 18 is an angle when light incident on the base material 39 at the angle ⁇ 17 travels through the base material 39.
- Reference numeral T 1 is a distance (thickness of the transparent substrate 29) between the surface of the transparent substrate 29 on the color filter 31 side and the surface on the first adhesive 53 side.
- Reference symbol T 2 is a distance from the interface of the first adhesive 53 with the transparent substrate 29 to the interface with the retardation film 50 (the thickness of the first adhesive 53).
- Reference sign T 3 is a distance (a thickness of the retardation film 50) between the surface on the first pressure-sensitive adhesive 53 side of the retardation film 50 and the surface on the polarizing layer 51 side.
- Reference numeral T 4 is a distance (thickness of the polarizing layer 51) between the surface of the polarizing layer 51 on the phase difference film 50 side and the surface on the protective layer 52 side.
- Reference numeral T 5 is the distance between the polarizing layer 51 side surface of the protective layer 52 and the surface of the second adhesive 54 side (the thickness of the protective layer 52).
- Reference symbol T 6 is a distance from the interface of the second adhesive 54 with the protective layer 52 to the interface with the light diffusion portion 40 (the thickness of the second adhesive 54).
- Reference numeral T 7 is a distance (a thickness of the light diffusion portion 40) between the surface on the first adhesive 54 side of the light diffusion portion 40 and the surface on the base material 39 side.
- Reference numeral T 8 is the distance (the thickness of the base material 39) between the surface of the base material 39 on the light diffusion portion 40 side and the surface on the isotropic diffusion layer 8 side.
- the distance T is a thickness obtained by adding the thicknesses T 1 to T 8 of these eight layers.
- Reference numeral P 1 denotes the arrival position of light that has reached the first pressure-sensitive adhesive 53 perpendicularly to the first pressure-sensitive adhesive 53 and the arrival of light that has reached the first pressure-sensitive adhesive 53 at an advancing angle ⁇ 11. It is the distance between the positions.
- Reference numeral P 2 is reached the position of the light that has reached in advancing angle theta 12 relative to the arrival position and the retardation film 50 of the light arriving perpendicularly to the phase difference film 50 of the light from the first pressure-sensitive adhesive 53 Is the distance between Code P 3 is between the light arrival position reached by advancing angle theta 13 relative to the arrival position and the polarizing layer 51 of the light arriving perpendicularly to the polarizing layer 51 of the light from the transfer difference film 50 Is the distance.
- Reference numeral P 4 denotes between the arrival position of light that has reached the protection layer 52 perpendicular to the light from the polarizing layer 51 and the arrival position of light that has reached the protection layer 52 at an advancing angle ⁇ 14 .
- Reference numeral P 5 is arrival position of the light that has reached in advancing angle theta 15 relative to the arrival position and the second pressure-sensitive adhesive 54 of the light reaching perpendicularly to the second pressure-sensitive adhesive 54 of the light from the protective layer 52
- Is the distance between Reference numeral P 6 denotes the arrival position of the light from the second adhesive 54 that has reached the light diffusion portion 40 perpendicularly and the arrival position of the light that has reached the light diffusion portion 40 at the advance angle ⁇ 16.
- Reference numeral P 7 denotes a distance between the arrival position of the light from the light diffusing unit 40 that has reached the base material 39 perpendicularly and the arrival position of the light that has reached the base material 39 at the advance angle ⁇ 17.
- Reference numeral P 8 denotes an arrival position of light that reaches the isotropic diffusion layer 8 perpendicularly to the isotropic diffusion layer 8 among the light from the base material 39 and an arrival position of the light that reaches the isotropic diffusion layer 8 at an advancing angle ⁇ 18.
- Is the distance between The distance P ′ is a distance obtained by adding the distances P 1 to P 8 in these eight layers.
- Reference numeral n 1 denotes the refractive index of the transparent substrate 29.
- the symbol n 2 is the refractive index of the first adhesive 53.
- the symbol n 3 is the refractive index of the retardation film 50.
- Reference sign n 4 is the refractive index of the polarizing layer 51.
- a symbol n 5 is a refractive index of the protective layer 52.
- Reference sign n 6 is the refractive index of the second adhesive 54.
- a symbol n 7 is a refractive index of the light diffusion unit 40.
- the symbol n 8 is the refractive index of the base material 39.
- the traveling angle of light in the i-th layer from the top of the color filter 31 is the angle ⁇ i
- the thickness of the layer is T i
- the arrival position of the light that has reached perpendicular to the layer When the distance from the arrival position of the light that has reached the layer at the traveling angle ⁇ i is P i , the following (12) exists between the distance P i , the thickness T i, and the angle ⁇ i. The relationship shown in the formula is established.
- the traveling angle of light in the i-th layer from the top of the color filter 31 is the angle ⁇ i and the refractive index of the layer is n 1
- the angle ⁇ i and the refractive index n i are determined from Snell's law. The relationship shown in the following formula (14) is established between them.
- the liquid crystal display device 1 there is a difference between the surface on the liquid crystal layer 11 side of the transparent substrate 29 constituting the color filter substrate 10 and the surface on the isotropic diffusion layer 8 side of the base material 39 constituting the light diffusion member 70. Even in the case where a plurality of layers having a refractive index are stacked, if the distance P ′ is smaller than one pixel pitch P, the boundary between the portion where white display is performed and the portion where black display is performed is Blurring is suppressed. In this case, the distance P ′ and the distance P need to satisfy the relationship of the above expression (3).
- the liquid crystal display device 1 by satisfying the above-mentioned formulas (3), (5), (13), and (14), in the liquid crystal display device 1, the liquid crystal layer 11 side of the transparent substrate 29 constituting the color filter substrate 10. Even when a plurality of layers having different refractive indexes are laminated between the surface of the substrate 39 and the surface of the base material 39 constituting the light diffusion member 70 on the side of the isotropic diffusion layer 8, The blur can be suppressed.
- display blur in the liquid crystal display device 1 can also be suppressed by satisfying the above expressions (3), (13), and (15).
- the liquid crystal display device 1 of the present embodiment has a color filter 31.
- the distance P ′ is set to one sub-pixel pitch (P / If it is smaller than k), the occurrence of color blur due to color mixture of different colors is suppressed.
- the distance P ′ and the distance P need to satisfy the relationship of the following expression (4).
- FIG. 10 is a plan view of the color filter of this embodiment. In FIG. 10, a portion corresponding to one pixel in the color filter 31 is schematically shown.
- a red colored layer 31R, a green colored layer 31G, and a blue colored layer 31B are arranged adjacent to each other, and these three colored layers 31R, 31G, and 31B make one pixel.
- the pixel pitch P is a width obtained by adding the widths of these three colored layers 31R, 31G, and 31B.
- a red sub-pixel for displaying with red light, a green sub-pixel for displaying with green light, and a blue sub-pixel for displaying with blue light are arranged adjacent to each other, and these three sub-pixels constitute a display 1
- the distance P ′ is smaller than one sub-pixel pitch (P / 3)
- the occurrence of color blur due to the color mixture of different colors is suppressed.
- the distance P ′ and the distance P need to satisfy the relationship of the following expression (5).
- the liquid crystal display device 1 having a color filter composed of three colored layers can suppress display blur and have different colors. It is possible to suppress color blur due to color mixing.
- the pixel configuration is not limited to the example including three sub-pixels, and various configurations can be adopted.
- FIG. 11A, FIG. 11B, and FIG. 11C are plan views of a first modification of the color filter of the present embodiment.
- the part corresponding to one pixel among color filters is typically shown.
- the color filter of the present modification has a configuration in which the colored layers are arranged in a stripe shape.
- a red colored layer 31R, a green colored layer 31G, a blue colored layer 31B, and a yellow colored layer 31Y are arranged adjacent to each other.
- These four colored layers 31R, 31G, 31B, and 31Y constitute a portion corresponding to one pixel. That is, the pixel pitch P is a width obtained by adding the widths of these four colored layers 31R, 31G, 31B, and 31Y.
- a red sub-pixel for displaying with red light, a green sub-pixel for displaying with green light, a blue sub-pixel for displaying with blue light, and a yellow sub-pixel for displaying with yellow light are arranged next to each other,
- the distance P ′ is smaller than one sub-pixel pitch (P / 4)
- color blur due to color mixture of different colors may occur. It is suppressed.
- the distance P ′ and the distance P need to satisfy the relationship of the following expression (16).
- a red colored layer 31R, a green colored layer 31G, a blue colored layer 31B, and a white colored layer 31W are arranged adjacent to each other.
- These four colored layers 31R, 31G, 31B, and 31W constitute a portion corresponding to one pixel. That is, the pixel pitch P is a width obtained by adding the widths of the four colored layers 31R, 31G, 31B, and 31W.
- a red colored layer 31R, a green colored layer 31G, a blue colored layer 31B, a yellow colored layer 31Y, and a cyan colored layer 31C are arranged adjacent to each other.
- These five colored layers 31R, 31G, 31B, 31Y, and 31C constitute a portion corresponding to one pixel. That is, the pixel pitch P is a width obtained by adding the widths of these five colored layers 31R, 31G, 31B, 31Y, and 31C.
- a magenta colored layer may be used instead of the cyan colored layer 31C (cyan).
- red sub-pixel for displaying with red light
- green sub-pixel for displaying with green light
- blue sub-pixel for displaying with blue light
- yellow sub-pixel for displaying with yellow light
- cyan sub-pixel When one pixel that is arranged next to each other and constitutes a display by these five sub-pixels is formed, if the distance P ′ is smaller than one sub-pixel pitch (P / 5), the color mixture is different from each other. The occurrence of color blur is suppressed. In this case, the distance P ′ and the distance P need to satisfy the relationship of the following expression (17).
- 12A and 12B are plan views of a second modification of the color filter of the present embodiment. 12A and 12B schematically show a portion corresponding to one pixel in the color filter. As shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, the color filter of this modification has a configuration in which the colored layers are arranged in a matrix (j rows and k columns, j and k are natural numbers).
- the red colored layer 131R, the first green colored layer 131G1, the second green colored layer 131G2, and the blue colored layer 131B are arranged in two rows and two columns. These four colored layers 131R, 131G1, 131G2, and 131B constitute a portion corresponding to one pixel. That is, the pixel pitch P is a width obtained by adding the widths of the red coloring layer 131R and the first green coloring layer 131G1 among these four coloring layers 131R, 131G1, 131G2, and 131Y, or the second green coloring layer 131G2 and the blue coloring. The width is the sum of the widths of the layers 131B.
- the blue subpixels to be performed are arranged in 2 rows and 2 columns and one pixel constituting the display is constituted by these four subpixels, the distance P ′ is larger than one subpixel pitch (P / 2). If it is small, the occurrence of color blur due to the color mixture of different colors is suppressed. In this case, the distance P ′ and the distance P need to satisfy the relationship of the following equation (18).
- a red colored layer 131R, a green colored layer 131G, a blue colored layer 131B, a magenta colored layer 131M, a yellow colored layer 131Y, and a cyan colored layer 131C are arranged in 2 rows and 3 columns.
- the These six colored layers 131R, 131G, 131B, 131M, 131Y, and 131C constitute a portion corresponding to one pixel.
- the pixel pitch P is a width obtained by adding the widths of the red coloring layer 131R, the green coloring layer 131G, and the blue coloring layer 131B among these six coloring layers 131R, 131G, 131B, 131M, 131Y, 131C, or
- the width is the sum of the widths of the magenta colored layer 131M, the yellow colored layer 131Y, and the cyan colored layer 131C.
- the distance P ′ is 1 If the pitch is smaller than one sub-pixel pitch (P / 3), it is possible to suppress the occurrence of color blur due to a mixture of different colors. In this case, the distance P ′ and the distance P need to satisfy the relationship of the above formula (5).
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device 1A of the present embodiment.
- the same components as those used in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the isotropic diffusion layer 8 is disposed on the other surface (surface on the viewing side) of the base material 39.
- the configuration is not such that the isotropic diffusion layer is disposed on the base material, and the base material itself is the isotropic diffusion layer. 8 functions. That is, a large number of light scatterers 81 are dispersed inside the substrate 80.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the distance T from the image forming surface to the isotropic diffusion layer 8 and the blur width P ′.
- the horizontal axis represents the distance T ( ⁇ m) from the image forming surface to the isotropic diffusion layer 8, and the vertical axis represents the blur width P ′ ( ⁇ m).
- the slope of the graph decreases. That is, the blur width P ′ decreases as the emission angle decreases.
- the same effect as that of the first embodiment that display blur can be suppressed can be obtained. Furthermore, since the base material itself functions as the isotropic diffusion layer 8, the apparatus can be simplified and thinned. In this way, by using the viewing angle widening film 7A in which the light diffusing member and the isotropic diffusing layer 8 are combined, the thickness of the base material can be reduced and the blur width can be reduced.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device 1B of the present embodiment. 14, the same code
- the color filter 31 is disposed on the liquid crystal layer 11 side of the transparent substrate 29 of the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the liquid crystal display device 1B of the present embodiment as shown in FIG. 15, no color filter is arranged on the liquid crystal panel 4B.
- the liquid crystal panel 4B is configured to perform monochrome display.
- liquid crystal display device 1B of the present embodiment the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained such that display blur can be suppressed.
- a so-called field sequential method may be employed in which display is performed by sequentially turning on a backlight that emits light of three colors of red light, green light, and blue light at predetermined intervals. .
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device 1C of the present embodiment.
- 17A, 17B, 18A, and 18B are diagrams for explaining the operation of the viewing angle widening film 7C.
- FIG. 16 FIG. 17A, FIG. 17B, FIG. 18A, and FIG. 18B, the same components as those used in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the plurality of light diffusing portions 40 are all the same size.
- the dimensions (diameters) of the plurality of light diffusion portions 40C are different.
- the diameters of the plurality of light diffusion portions 40C are distributed in the range of 15 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m. That is, the plurality of light diffusion portions 40C have a plurality of types of dimensions.
- the plurality of light diffusion portions 40C are randomly arranged in a plane as in the first embodiment. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the cross-sectional shape of the light diffusing portion 40C in the xy plane is a circle similar to that of the light diffusing portion 40 (see FIGS. 17B and 18B) of the first embodiment. . Therefore, the effect that the viewing angle widening film 7C expands the angular distribution of light in the xz plane is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the plurality of light diffusing portions 40 are all the same size, but in this embodiment, the dimensions of the plurality of light diffusing portions 40C are different as shown in FIGS. 17A and 18A. Yes. As shown in FIG.
- the light shielding portion (light shielding layer) is wide even if the pitch of the light diffusing portions is reduced in order to increase the ratio of the light transmitting portion (light diffusing portion). Remains. As a result, the ratio of light shielded by the light shielding layer increases.
- FIG. 18B when the light diffusing portions 40 having a fixed shape are randomly arranged, a portion where a plurality of light diffusing portions 40 are arranged in a straight line is generated.
- FIG. 18A when the light diffusion portions 40C having different shapes are arranged at random, the ratio of the plurality of light diffusion portions 40C arranged in a straight line decreases.
- the arrangement density of the light diffusion parts can be increased.
- the ratio of light shielded by the light shielding layer can be reduced and the light utilization efficiency can be increased.
- the same effect as that of the first embodiment that display blur can be suppressed is obtained. Furthermore, in addition to the plurality of light diffusing portions 40C being randomly arranged, the size of the light diffusing portion 40C is also different, so that moire fringes due to the light diffraction phenomenon can be more reliably suppressed.
- FIG. 19A an example of the light diffusing unit 40 having a circular planar shape is shown.
- the light diffusing unit 40G having a square planar shape is used. It may be used. Or you may use the light-diffusion part 40H whose planar shape is a regular octagon as shown to FIG. 19C.
- a light diffusing portion 40I having a shape in which two opposite sides of a square are curved outward may be used.
- FIG. 19E a light diffusing portion 40J having a shape in which two rectangles intersect in two orthogonal directions may be used.
- FIG. 19A an example of the light diffusing unit 40 having a circular planar shape is shown.
- the light diffusing unit 40G having a square planar shape is used. It may be used. Or you may use the light-diffusion part 40H whose planar shape is a regular octagon as shown to FIG. 19C.
- an elongated elliptical light diffusion portion 40K may be used.
- an elongated rectangular light diffusion portion 40L may be used.
- an elongated octagonal light diffusion portion 40M may be used.
- a light diffusing portion 40N having a shape in which two opposing sides of a long and narrow rectangle are curved outward may be used.
- the shapes of FIGS. 19A to 19J may be rotated in a plurality of directions.
- the technical scope of the aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the aspect of the present invention.
- an example of a liquid crystal display device is given as the display body.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the aspect of the present invention may be applied to an organic electroluminescence display device, a plasma display, or the like.
- the viewing angle expansion film and the liquid crystal display body do not necessarily need to contact.
- another optical film or an optical component may be inserted between the viewing angle widening film and the liquid crystal display.
- a viewing angle expansion film and a liquid crystal display body may exist in the position which left
- a polarizing plate is unnecessary, so that the viewing angle widening film and the polarizing plate do not come into contact with each other.
- an antireflection layer As a configuration in which at least one of an antireflection layer, a polarizing filter layer, an antistatic layer, an antiglare treatment layer, and an antifouling treatment layer is provided on the viewing side of the base material of the viewing angle widening film in the above embodiment. Also good. According to this configuration, it is possible to add a function to reduce external light reflection, a function to prevent the adhesion of dust and dirt, a function to prevent scratches, and the like according to the type of layer provided on the viewing side of the substrate. Further, it is possible to prevent deterioration of viewing angle characteristics with time.
- the light diffusing portion has a symmetrical shape with respect to the central axis, but it does not necessarily have a symmetrical shape.
- the light diffusing portion has a symmetrical shape with respect to the central axis, but it does not necessarily have a symmetrical shape.
- an intentionally asymmetric angular distribution is required according to the application and usage of the display device, for example, when there is a request to widen the viewing angle only on the upper side or only on the right side of the screen, light diffusion is performed.
- the inclination angle of the side surface of the part may be asymmetric.
- the specific configuration relating to the arrangement and shape of the light diffusing part and the light shielding layer, the dimensions and materials of each part of the viewing angle widening film, the manufacturing conditions in the manufacturing process, etc. is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be appropriately changed. .
- FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing the liquid crystal display device 101 of this embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment. 20 and 21, the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those used in the first embodiment, and the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- a plurality of light diffusion portions 40 formed on one surface of the base material 39 and a light shielding layer 41 formed on a region other than the formation region of the light diffusion portion 40 on one surface of the base material 39 are provided. It was.
- the plurality of light diffusion portions 40 are arranged in a scattered manner when viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the base material 39, and the light shielding layer 41 is continuous with the region other than the region where the light diffusion portion 40 is formed.
- the plurality of light diffusion portions 40 are arranged in a scattered manner when viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the base material 39, and the light shielding layer 41 is continuous with the region other than the region where the light diffusion portion 40 is formed.
- the viewing angle widening film 107 of the present embodiment is formed in a plurality of light shielding layers 141 formed on one surface of the base material 39 and in a region other than the formation region of the light shielding layer 141 on one surface of the base material 39.
- a light diffusing unit 140 In the viewing angle widening film 107 of the present embodiment, a plurality of light shielding layers 141 are arranged in a dotted manner when viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the base material 39, and the light diffusion portion 140 is an area other than the formation area of the light shielding layer 141. It is formed continuously.
- the plurality of light shielding layers 141 are scattered on the base material 39 and randomly (non-periodically) arranged. Accordingly, a plurality of hollow portions 142 formed at the same position as the plurality of light shielding layers 141 are also randomly arranged on the base material 39.
- each light shielding layer 141 is viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 .
- the diameter of each light shielding layer 141 is, for example, 10 ⁇ m.
- the plurality of light shielding layers 141 all have the same diameter. Since the plurality of light shielding layers 141 are scattered on the base material 39, the light diffusion portion 140 of the present embodiment is continuously formed on the base material 39.
- the cross-sectional area when cut along a plane parallel to one surface of the base material 39 is large on the light shielding layer 141 side and gradually decreases as the distance from the light shielding layer 141 increases.
- a hollow portion 142 is formed. That is, the hollow portion 142 has a so-called forward tapered substantially truncated cone shape when viewed from the base material 39 side. Air exists in the hollow portion 142.
- the part other than the hollow part 142 of the viewing angle widening film 107, that is, the part where the light diffusion part 140 continuously exists is a part that contributes to the transmission of light.
- the light incident on the light diffusing portion 140 is totally reflected at the interface between the light diffusing portion 140 and the hollow portion 142, and is guided in a state of being substantially confined inside the light diffusing portion 140, via the base material 39. Is emitted to the outside.
- the light diffusion part 140 since air exists in the hollow part 142, if the light diffusion part 140 is formed of, for example, a transparent resin, the side surface of the light diffusion part 140 becomes an interface between the transparent resin and air.
- the difference in refractive index at the interface between the inside and the outside of the light diffusing portion 140 is such that the periphery of the light diffusing portion 140 is made of another general low refractive index material when the hollow portion 142 is filled with air. Greater than being filled. Therefore, according to Snell's law, the incident angle range in which light is totally reflected on the side surface of the light diffusing unit 140 is wide. As a result, light loss is further suppressed, and high luminance can be obtained.
- the hollow portion 142 may be filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen instead of air.
- the inside of the hollow portion 142 may be in a vacuum state.
- the same effect as that of the first embodiment that display blur can be suppressed can be obtained. Further, since the plurality of light shielding layers 141 are randomly arranged, display quality can be maintained without causing moire fringes due to interference with the regular arrangement of the pixels of the liquid crystal panel 4.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device 101A of the present embodiment. 22, the same code
- the isotropic diffusion layer 8 is disposed on the other surface (surface on the viewing side) of the base material 39.
- the base material itself is not the configuration in which the isotropic diffusion layer is arranged on the base material. 8 functions. That is, a large number of light scatterers 81 are dispersed inside the substrate 80.
- the same effect as that of the fifth embodiment that display blur can be suppressed is obtained. Furthermore, since the base material itself functions as the isotropic diffusion layer 8, the apparatus can be simplified and thinned. Thus, by using the viewing angle widening film 107A in which the light diffusing member and the isotropic diffusing layer 8 are combined, the thickness of the base material can be reduced and the blur width can be reduced.
- FIG. 23 is a perspective view showing a liquid crystal display device 101B of the present embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those used in the fifth embodiment, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the plurality of light shielding layers 141 have the same dimensions.
- the dimensions (diameters) of the plurality of light shielding layers 141B are different.
- the diameters of the plurality of light shielding layers 141B are distributed in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m. That is, the plurality of light shielding layers 141B have a plurality of types of dimensions.
- the plurality of light shielding layers 141B are randomly arranged in a plane as in the fifth embodiment. Further, among the plurality of hollow portions 142B, the volume of at least one hollow portion 142B is different from the volume of the other hollow portions 142B. Other configurations are the same as those of the fifth embodiment.
- the same effect as that of the fifth embodiment that display blur can be suppressed can be obtained. Furthermore, in addition to the plurality of light shielding layers 141B being randomly arranged, the size of the light shielding layer 141B is also different, so that moire fringes due to the light diffraction phenomenon can be more reliably suppressed.
- the example of the light shielding layer 141 having a circular planar shape is shown.
- the light shielding layer 141G having a square planar shape is used.
- a light shielding layer 141H whose planar shape is a regular octagon may be used.
- a light shielding layer 141I having a shape in which two opposite sides of a square are curved outward may be used.
- a light shielding layer 141J having a shape in which two rectangles intersect in two orthogonal directions may be used.
- an elongated oval light shielding layer 141K may be used.
- an elongated rectangular light shielding layer 141L may be used.
- an elongated octagonal light shielding layer 141M may be used.
- a light shielding layer 141N having a shape in which two opposing sides of a long and narrow rectangle are curved outward may be used.
- a light shielding layer 141P having a shape in which two rectangles having different aspect ratios intersect each other in two orthogonal directions may be used. Further, the shapes of FIGS. 24A to 24J may be rotated in a plurality of directions.
- normal BL (1) 211 indicates the light distribution characteristic of a backlight that does not have directivity.
- Normal BL (2) 212 indicates the light distribution characteristic of a backlight in which a prism sheet (BEF (trade name) manufactured by 3M) is disposed on the light emission surface of normal BL (1).
- BEF prism sheet manufactured by 3M
- the directivity BL (1), directivity BL (2), and directivity BL (3) are backlights having different directivities.
- the directivity BL (2) is a backlight that emits light at a wider angle than the directivity BL (1).
- the directivity BL (3) is a backlight having a lower directivity (the light distribution distribution varies) than the directivity BL (1).
- symbol 215 has shown the light distribution characteristic of directivity BL (1).
- Reference numeral 213 indicates the light distribution characteristic of the directivity BL (2).
- Reference numeral 214 indicates the light distribution characteristic of the directivity BL (3).
- FIG. 25 is a graph showing the light distribution characteristics of the backlight (BL) in relation to the polar angle and the relative luminance.
- the horizontal axis represents the polar angle (°)
- the vertical axis represents the relative luminance.
- the relative luminance is the luminance normalized with the maximum luminance being 1.
- Normal BL (2) appears to have a higher directivity than normal BL (1). However, in the vicinity of a polar angle of 60 °, light stronger than BL (1) (light having a relative luminance of about 0.3) is confirmed.
- the directivity BL (1) has the highest and stable directivity among the directivities BL (1) to (3).
- the directivity BL (1) light having a relative luminance of 0.1 or more is hardly confirmed at polar angles of 30 ° or more.
- the directivity BL (2) light having a relative luminance of 0.1 or more is hardly observed at polar angles of 40 ° or more.
- the directivity BL (3) also appears to have a higher directivity than the directivity BL (1). However, the light distribution is shifted to the right side in FIG. 20 (the positive side of the polar angle).
- FIG. 26 is a graph showing the light distribution characteristics of the backlight in polar coordinates.
- symbol 221 shows the light distribution characteristic of normal BL (1).
- Reference numeral 222 indicates the light distribution characteristic of normal BL (2).
- Reference numeral 225 indicates the light distribution characteristic of the directivity BL (1).
- Reference numeral 223 indicates the light distribution characteristic of the directivity BL (2).
- Reference numeral 224 indicates the light distribution characteristic of the directivity BL (3). As shown in FIG. 26, light distribution characteristics similar to those in FIG. 25 are confirmed in each BL.
- the light emission angle from the backlight when display blur occurs in the liquid crystal display device was calculated by the following method.
- the display used was a commercially available TV bonded with a viewing angle widening film.
- the pixel pitch P 300 ⁇ m (the width of one pixel) is used as a reference, and “ ⁇ ” indicates that the blurred display is acceptable, and “ ⁇ ” indicates that it is not acceptable. ing.
- “ ⁇ ” indicates a case where color blur due to color mixture is permissible on the basis of 1/3 (P / 3) of pixel pitch P: 100 ⁇ m (width of one sub-pixel). The case where it is unacceptable is indicated by “x”.
- the blur width P ′ in normal BL (1) was 325.3 ⁇ m. In normal BL (1), both the blurring of visual display and the color blur were unacceptable. Usually, the blur width P ′ in BL (2) was 200.0 ⁇ m. In normal BL (2), an acceptable result was obtained with respect to the blurring of visual display.
- the blur width P ′ in the directivity BL (1) was 168.2 ⁇ m.
- the blur width P ′ in the directivity BL (2) was 170.2 ⁇ m. Even in the directivity BL (2), the blurring of visual display was acceptable.
- the blur width P ′ in the directivity BL (3) was 160.3 ⁇ m. Even in the directivity BL (3), the blurred display was acceptable.
- the display used has a pixel pitch P of 300 ⁇ m, a distance T from the image forming surface to the interface between the light diffusion member and the isotropic diffusion layer: 1020 ⁇ m (transparent substrate thickness: 700 ⁇ m, polarizing plate thickness: 200 ⁇ m).
- the relationship represented by the following equation (1) is established among the distance P ′, the distance T, and the angle ⁇ 1 .
- the emission angle ⁇ 0 when display blur occurs in normal BL (1) was 27.11 °.
- the emission angle ⁇ 0 when display blur occurs was 16.78 °.
- the emission angle ⁇ 0 when display blur occurs in the directivity BL (1) is 14.13 °.
- the emission angle ⁇ 0 when display blur occurs was 14.29 °.
- the emission angle ⁇ 0 when the display blur occurs is 13.47 °.
- the emission angle ⁇ 0 when display blur occurs in each BL has the smallest directivity BL (3), followed by directivity BL (1), directivity BL (2), normal BL (2), and normal BL ( The results increased in the order of 1).
- FIG. 27 is a graph showing the light flux ratio included in each polar angle of light from the backlight.
- the horizontal axis represents the polar angle (°), and the vertical axis represents the luminous flux ratio (%).
- Reference numeral 231 indicates a light flux ratio included in each polar angle of light from the normal BL (1).
- Reference numeral 232 indicates the proportion of light flux included in each polar angle of light from the normal BL (2).
- Reference numeral 233 indicates a light flux ratio included in each polar angle of light from the directivity BL (2).
- Reference numeral 234 indicates a light flux ratio included in each polar angle of light from the directivity BL (3).
- Reference numeral 235 indicates a light flux ratio included in each polar angle of light from the directivity BL (1).
- the angle with the highest luminous flux ratio in normal BL (1) was 26 °.
- the angle with the highest luminous flux ratio in BL (2) was 19 °.
- the angle with the highest luminous flux ratio in the directivity BL (1) was 14 °.
- the angle with the highest luminous flux ratio was 16 °.
- the angle having the highest luminous flux ratio was 13 °.
- Table 3 shows a list of angles with the highest luminous flux ratio in each BL.
- the angle with the highest luminous flux ratio in each BL has the smallest directivity BL (3), and then the directivity BL (1), the directivity BL (2), the normal BL (2), and the normal BL (1) in this order. It became the result.
- liquid crystal display device 1 of the present embodiment display blur can be suppressed from a different viewpoint.
- the pixel pitch P is increased, the angle ⁇ 0 is decreased (for example, 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 0 ⁇ 90 °), and the refractive index n1 is increased (for example, 1 ⁇ n1). It can be seen that it is good to employ at least one of the following.
- the distance T is decreased (in the liquid crystal display device 1, the distance T between the surface of the transparent substrate 29 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side and the surface of the base material 39 on the side of the isotropic diffusion layer 8). It can be seen that it is better to reduce the distance T.
- FIG. 28 is a graph showing the relationship between the emission angle ⁇ 0 and the ratio of the distance T and the pixel pitch P.
- the horizontal axis represents the emission angle ⁇ 0
- the vertical axis represents the distance T and the pixel pitch ratio T / P.
- the distance T and the pixel are calculated from the above equation (24) and the above graph.
- the relationship with the pitch P needs to satisfy the following formula (25).
- the higher the directivity of the light emitted from the backlight 2 the more the surface of the transparent substrate 29 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side and the surface of the base material 39 on the side of the isotropic diffusion layer 8. It has been found that display blur is less likely to occur even when the distance T between them increases.
- the aspect of the present invention can be used for various display devices such as a liquid crystal display device, an organic electroluminescence display device, and a plasma display.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年10月28日に、日本に出願された特願2011-237847号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
以下、本発明の第1実施形態について、図1~図12Bを用いて説明する。
本実施形態では、表示体として透過型の液晶パネルを備えた液晶表示装置の例を挙げて説明する。
なお、以下の全ての図面においては、各構成要素を見やすくするため、構成要素によって寸法の縮尺を異ならせて示すことがある。
本実施形態の液晶表示装置1(表示装置)は、図1、図2に示すように、液晶表示素子6(表示素子)と、視野角拡大フィルム7と、から構成されている。液晶表示素子6は、バックライト2(光源)と、第1偏光板3と、液晶パネル4(光変調素子)と、第2偏光板5とを有する。観察者は、視野角拡大フィルム7が配置された図2における液晶表示装置1の上側から表示を見ることになる。よって、以下の説明では、視野角拡大フィルム7が配置された側を視認側と称し、バックライト2が配置された側を背面側と称する。
ここでは、アクティブマトリクス方式の透過型液晶パネルを一例に挙げて説明するが、本実施形態に適用可能な液晶パネルはアクティブマトリクス方式の透過型液晶パネルに限るものではない。本発明に適用可能な液晶パネルは、例えば半透過型(透過・反射兼用型)液晶パネルや反射型液晶パネルであっても良く、更には、各画素がスイッチング用薄膜トランジスタ(Thin Film Transistor,以下、TFTと略記する)を備えていない単純マトリクス方式の液晶パネルであっても良い。
液晶パネル4は、図3に示すように、TFT基板9と、カラーフィルター基板10と、液晶層11と、を有している。TFT基板9は、スイッチング素子基板として機能する。カラーフィルター基板10は、TFT基板9に対向して配置される。液晶層11は、TFT基板9とカラーフィルター基板10との間に挟持される。液晶層11は、TFT基板9と、カラーフィルター基板10と、TFT基板9とカラーフィルター基板10とを所定の間隔をおいて貼り合わせる枠状のシール部材(図示せず)と、によって囲まれた空間内に封入されている。
TFT基板9とカラーフィルター基板10との間には、これら基板間の間隔を一定に保持するための球状のスペーサー12が配置されている。なお、表示モードについては、上記のVAモードに限らず、TN(Twisted Nematic)モード、STN(Super Twisted Nematic)モード、IPS(In-Plane Switching)モード等を用いることができる。
透明基板14としては、例えばガラス基板を用いることができる。透明基板14上には、例えばCGS(Continuous Grain Silicon:連続粒界シリコン)、LPS(Low-temperature Poly-Silicon:低温多結晶シリコン)、α-Si(Amorphous Silicon:非結晶シリコン)等の半導体材料からなる半導体層15が形成されている。
図4Aは、視野角拡大フィルム7の断面図である。
視野角拡大フィルム7は、図1および図4Aに示すように、光拡散部材70と、等方拡散層8と、から構成されている。光拡散部材70は、基材39と、基材39の一面(視認側と反対側の面)に形成された複数の光拡散部40と、基材39の一面に形成された遮光層41と、から構成されている。等方拡散層80は、基材39の他面(視認側の面)に形成されている。この視野角拡大フィルム7は、図2に示すように、光拡散部40が設けられた側を第2偏光板5に向け、基材39の側を視認側に向けて第2偏光板5上に配置されている。
例えば、光源として指向性バックライトを用いる場合、前記バックライトからは、ある範囲の指向性を持った光(所定の配光特性を有する光)が射出される。この場合、角度θ0は、図6に示すように、この指向性を持った光のうち液晶表示素子に対して垂直に入射する光の方向V1と液晶表示素子に対して広角に入射する光の方向V2とのなす角度(極角)となる。
図7に示すように、本実施形態のカラーフィルター31においては、3色の着色層の配列方向が方位角0°の方向と方位角180°の方向とに沿う方向となる。また、ストライプ状の各着色層の長手方向が方位角90°の方向と方位角270°の方向とに沿う方向となる。
この場合、距離P’と距離Pとは、下記の(5)式の関係を満たす必要がある。
以下、本発明の第2実施形態について、図13、図14を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の液晶表示装置1Aの基本構成は第1実施形態と同一であり、基材に光散乱体が含まれている点が第1実施形態と異なる。したがって、本実施形態では、液晶表示装置1Aの基本構成の説明は省略し、視野角拡大フィルム7Aについて説明する。
図13は、本実施形態の液晶表示装置1Aの断面図である。
図13において、第1実施形態で用いた図面と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
これに対して、本実施形態の視野角拡大フィルム7Aでは、図13に示すように、基材に等方拡散層が配置された構成とはなっておらず、基材そのものが等方拡散層8として機能する。すなわち、基材80の内部に多数の光散乱体81が分散されている。
以下、本発明の第3実施形態について、図15を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の液晶表示装置の基本構成は第1実施形態と同一であり、液晶表示素子6B(液晶パネル4B)にカラーフィルターが設けられていない点が第1実施形態と異なる。したがって、本実施形態では、液晶表示装置1Bの基本構成の説明は省略し、液晶パネル4Bについて説明する。
図14は、本実施形態の液晶表示装置1Bの断面図である。
図14において、第1実施形態で用いた図面と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
以下、本発明の第4実施形態について、図16~図18Bを用いて説明する。
本実施形態の液晶表示装置1Cの基本構成は第1実施形態と同一であり、視野角拡大フィルム7Cの光拡散部40Cの構成が第1実施形態と異なる。したがって、本実施形態では、液晶表示装置1Cの基本構成の説明は省略し、視野角拡大フィルム7Cについて説明する。
図16は本実施形態の液晶表示装置1Cの断面図である。
図17A、図17Bおよび図18A、図18Bは視野角拡大フィルム7Cの作用を説明するための図である。
また、図16、図17A、図17B、図18A、図18Bにおいて、第1実施形態で用いた図面と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
例えば、視野角拡大フィルムと液晶表示体との間に他の光学フィルムや光学部品等が挿入されていても良い。あるいは、視野角拡大フィルムと液晶表示体とが離れた位置にあっても良い。また、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置、プラズマディスプレイ等の場合には偏光板が不要であるため、視野角拡大フィルムと偏光板とが接触することはない。
その他、光拡散部や遮光層の配置や形状、視野角拡大フィルムの各部の寸法や材料、製造プロセスにおける製造条件等に関する具体的な構成は上記実施形態に限ることなく、適宜変更が可能である。
以下、本発明の第5実施形態について、図20、図21を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の液晶表示装置101の基本構成は第1実施形態と同一であり、視野角拡大フィルム107の光拡散部140及び遮光層141の構成が第1実施形態と異なる。したがって、本実施形態では、液晶表示装置101の基本構成の説明は省略し、視野角拡大フィルム107について説明する。
図20は、本実施形態の液晶表示装置101を示す斜視図である。図21は、本実施形態の液晶表示装置の断面図である。
図20、図21において、第1実施形態で用いた図面と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
なお、中空部142には、空気に代えて、窒素等の不活性ガスが充填されていても良い。もしくは、中空部142の内部が真空状態であっても良い。
以下、本発明の第6実施形態について、図22を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の液晶表示装置101Aの基本構成は第5実施形態と同一であり、基材に光散乱体が含まれている点が第5実施形態と異なる。したがって、本実施形態では、液晶表示装置101Aの基本構成の説明は省略し、視野角拡大フィルム107Aについて説明する。
図22は、本実施形態の液晶表示装置101Aの断面図である。
図22において、第5実施形態で用いた図面と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
これに対して、本実施形態の視野角拡大フィルム107Aでは、図22に示すように、基材に等方拡散層が配置された構成とはなっておらず、基材そのものが等方拡散層8として機能する。すなわち、基材80の内部に多数の光散乱体81が分散されている。
以下、本発明の第7実施形態について、図23を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の液晶表示装置101Bの基本構成は第5実施形態と同一であり、視野角拡大フィルム107Bの遮光層141Bの構成が第5実施形態と異なる。したがって、本実施形態では、液晶表示装置101Bの基本構成の説明は省略し、視野角拡大フィルム107Bについて説明する。
図23は、本実施形態の液晶表示装置101Bを示す斜視図である。
また、図23において、第5実施形態で用いた図面と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
通常BL(2)は、通常BL(1)よりも高い指向性を有するように見える。しかしながら、極角60°近傍においては通常BL(1)よりも強い光(相対輝度0.3程度の光)が確認される。
指向性BL(2)は、極角40°以上の角度において相対輝度0.1以上の光がほとんど確認されない。
指向性BL(3)は、指向性BL(1)よりも高い指向性を有するようにも見える。しかしながら、配光分布を見ると図20中右側(極角のプラス側)にシフトしている。
一方、「サブピクセル」の欄では、画素ピッチPの1/3(P/3):100μm(1つのサブ画素の幅)を基準として、目視で混色による色滲みが許容できる場合を「○」、許容できない場合を「×」で示している。
通常BL(1)では、目視による表示のボヤケ、色滲みのいずれも許容できない結果となった。
通常BL(2)におけるボヤケ幅P’は200.0μmであった。通常BL(2)では、目視による表示のボヤケについては許容できる結果となった。
指向性BL(2)におけるボヤケ幅P’は170.2μmであった。指向性BL(2)でも、目視による表示のボヤケについては許容できる結果となった。
指向性BL(3)におけるボヤケ幅P’は160.3μmであった。指向性BL(3)でも、目視による表示のボヤケについては許容できる結果となった。
一方、指向性BL(1)において表示のボヤケが生じるときの出射角度θ0は14.13°となった。指向性BL(2)において表示のボヤケが生じるときの出射角度θ0は14.29°となった。指向性BL(3)において表示のボヤケが生じるときの出射角度θ0は13.47°となった。
一方、指向性BL(1)において光束割合が最も多い角度は14°であった。指向性BL(2)において光束割合が最も多い角度は16°であった。指向性BL(3)において光束割合が最も多い角度は13°であった。
また、各BLにおいて光束割合が最も多い角度の一覧を[表3]に示す。
このように、各BLを用いた場合に表示のボヤケが生じるときのバックライト2からの光の出射角度と、各BLにおいて光束割合が最も多い角度との間には、一定の関係があることが分かった。
Claims (18)
- 光源と、
前記光源からの光を用いて表示を行う表示素子と、
前記表示素子の視認側に設けられ、前記表示素子から入射される光の角度分布を入射前よりも広げた状態にして光を射出させる光拡散部材と、
前記光拡散部材の視認側に設けられ、前記光拡散部材から入射される光を等方的に拡散させる等方拡散層と、を含み、
前記表示素子が、表示画像を形成する複数の画素を有し、
前記光源からの光の出射角度のうち最も光束割合が多い角度をθ0、前記角度θ0で前記表示素子に入射した光が前記等方拡散層に到達するまでの平均の進行角度をθ1、画像形成面から前記光拡散部材と前記等方拡散層との間の界面までの距離をT、空気の屈折率をn0、前記画像形成面と前記等方拡散層との間の平均屈折率をn1、画素ピッチをP、前記画素の端部からの光のうち前記等方拡散層に対して垂直に到達した光の到達位置と前記等方拡散層に対して前記進行角度θ1で到達した光の到達位置との間の距離をP’としたとき、下記の(1)式、(2)式及び(3)式を満たす表示装置。
- 前記光拡散部材が、光透過性を有する基材と、前記基材の一面に形成された複数の光拡散部と、前記基材の一面において前記光拡散部の形成領域以外の領域に形成された遮光層と、を備え、
前記光拡散部が、前記基材側に光射出端面を有し、
前記光拡散部が、前記基材側と反対側に前記光射出端面の面積よりも大きい面積の光入射端面を有し、
前記光拡散部の前記光入射端面から前記光射出端面までの高さが前記遮光層の層厚よりも大きくなっており、
前記基材の一面とは反対側の面に前記等方拡散層が形成されている請求項1ないし3のいずれか一項に記載の表示装置。 - 前記光拡散部材が、前記等方拡散層の一面に形成された複数の光拡散部と、前記等方拡散層の一面において前記光拡散部の形成領域以外の領域に形成された遮光層と、を備え、
前記光拡散部が、前記等方拡散層側に光射出端面を有し、
前記光拡散部が、前記等方拡散層側と反対側に前記光射出端面の面積よりも大きい面積の光入射端面を有し、
前記光拡散部の前記光入射端面から前記光射出端面までの高さが前記遮光層の層厚よりも大きくなっている請求項1ないし3のいずれか一項に記載の表示装置。 - 前記複数の光拡散部が、前記基材の一面の法線方向から見て点在して配置され、
前記遮光層が、前記光拡散部の形成領域以外の領域に連続して形成されている請求項4に記載の表示装置。 - 前記複数の光拡散部が、前記基材の一面の法線方向から見て非周期的に配置されている請求項6に記載の表示装置。
- 前記複数の光拡散部が、前記基材の一面の法線方向から見て互いに等しい形状を有している請求項6または7に記載の表示装置。
- 前記複数の光拡散部が、前記基材の一面の法線方向から見て互いに異なる複数種類のサイズ、形状の少なくとも一を有している請求項6または7に記載の表示装置。
- 前記複数の光拡散部間の間隙に空気が存在している請求項4ないし9のいずれか一項に記載の表示装置。
- 前記光拡散部材が、光透過性を有する基材と、前記基材の一面に点在して形成された複数の遮光層と、前記基材の一面において前記遮光層の形成領域以外の領域に形成された光拡散部と、を備え、
前記光拡散部が、前記基材側に光射出端面を有し、
前記光拡散部が、前記基材側と反対側に前記光射出端面の面積よりも大きい面積の光入射端面を有し、
前記光拡散部の前記光入射端面から前記光射出端面までの高さが前記遮光層の層厚よりも大きくなっており、
前記基材の一面とは反対側の面に前記等方拡散層が形成されている請求項1ないし3のいずれか一項に記載の表示装置。 - 前記光拡散部材が、前記等方拡散層の一面に点在して形成された複数の遮光層と、前記等方拡散層の一面において前記遮光層の形成領域以外の領域に形成された光拡散部と、を備え、
前記光拡散部が、前記等方拡散層側に光射出端面を有し、
前記光拡散部が、前記等方拡散層側と反対側に前記光射出端面の面積よりも大きい面積の光入射端面を有し、
前記光拡散部の前記光入射端面から前記光射出端面までの高さが前記遮光層の層厚よりも大きくなっている請求項1ないし3のいずれか一項に記載の表示装置。 - 前記複数の遮光層が、前記基材の一面の法線方向から見て点在して配置され、
前記光拡散部が、前記遮光層の形成領域以外の領域に連続して形成されている請求項11に記載の表示装置。 - 前記複数の遮光層が、前記基材の一面の法線方向から見て非周期的に配置されている請求項13に記載の表示装置。
- 前記複数の遮光層が、前記基材の一面の法線方向から見て互いに等しい形状を有している請求項13または14に記載の表示装置。
- 前記複数の遮光層が、前記基材の一面の法線方向から見て互いに異なる複数種類のサイズ、形状の少なくとも一を有している請求項13または14に記載の表示装置。
- 前記光源が指向性を有する光を射出する請求項1ないし16のいずれか一項に記載の表示装置。
- 前記表示素子が液晶表示素子である請求項1ないし17のいずれか一項に記載の表示装置。
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