WO2012133774A1 - ノズル及びガスタービン燃焼器、ガスタービン - Google Patents
ノズル及びガスタービン燃焼器、ガスタービン Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012133774A1 WO2012133774A1 PCT/JP2012/058593 JP2012058593W WO2012133774A1 WO 2012133774 A1 WO2012133774 A1 WO 2012133774A1 JP 2012058593 W JP2012058593 W JP 2012058593W WO 2012133774 A1 WO2012133774 A1 WO 2012133774A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- pilot
- fuel
- air
- passage
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
- F02C7/232—Fuel valves; Draining valves or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
- F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
- F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
- F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
- F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
- F23R3/14—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex by using swirl vanes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
- F23R3/343—Pilot flames, i.e. fuel nozzles or injectors using only a very small proportion of the total fuel to insure continuous combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/07021—Details of lances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/00014—Pilot burners specially adapted for ignition of main burners in furnaces or gas turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/00016—Preventing or reducing deposit build-up on burner parts, e.g. from carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nozzle for performing diffusion combustion, a gas turbine combustor having the nozzle, and a gas turbine on which the gas turbine combustor is mounted.
- General gas turbine is composed of a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine.
- the air taken in from the air intake port is compressed by the compressor to become high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air.
- the combustor the fuel is supplied to the compressed air and burned, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure is burned.
- the combustion gas (working fluid) is obtained, the turbine is driven by the combustion gas, and the generator connected to the turbine is driven.
- a plurality of main combustion burners are disposed so as to surround the pilot combustion burner.
- the pilot combustion burner incorporates a pilot nozzle
- the main combustion burner incorporates a main nozzle.
- the pilot combustion burner and the plurality of main combustion burners are disposed inside the inner cylinder of the gas turbine.
- Such gas turbine combustors include those described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 below.
- a sleeve is disposed outside a main body that forms a fuel passage, and a cover ring is disposed therebetween to form an air passage inside and outside.
- a nozzle tip 75 having a fuel injection nozzle that communicates with the fuel passage is provided to constitute a pilot nozzle.
- the gas turbine combustor described in Patent Document 2 is provided with a diffusion tip that is a passage through which fuel, air, or a mixture thereof passes and functions together with a main premixing circuit in a fuel nozzle.
- the mixture of fuel and air injected from the main nozzle becomes a swirling flow (hot gas) and is recirculated to the tip of the pilot nozzle, and is injected from the pilot nozzle. It collides with the air flow and burns to form a flame.
- the air flow injected from the pilot nozzle fluctuates due to variations in the flow rate and the like. If the air flow from the pilot nozzle is reduced, the temperature of the air-fuel mixture circulates and the temperature rises due to a large amount flowing into the pilot nozzle, which may damage the tip of the pilot nozzle and generate NOx. The amount will also increase. On the other hand, if the amount of air from the pilot nozzle increases, the velocity distribution inside the pilot cone changes greatly, and combustion becomes unstable.
- the present invention solves the above-described problems, and includes a nozzle, a gas turbine combustor, and a gas turbine that can control the amount of cooling air and the velocity distribution to prevent nozzle burning and suppress the amount of NOx generated.
- the purpose is to provide.
- a nozzle according to the present invention includes a nozzle body having a fuel passage, and an inner air passage formed by disposing a predetermined gap on the outer periphery of the tip outer periphery of the nozzle body.
- a cover ring capable of injecting air toward the front of the main body, a fuel injection nozzle which is attached to the tip of the cover ring at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction and communicates with the fuel passage, and the inner air passage.
- a turning force applying device for applying a turning force to the air jetted.
- the air injected from the cover ring toward the front of the nozzle body through the inner air passage by the turning force applying device becomes a turning flow, even if the air flow rate varies, the air flow distribution in the axial direction Does not fluctuate significantly, it is possible to stabilize combustion, and by suppressing the temperature rise in the vicinity of the nozzle, it is possible to prevent damage to the tip of the nozzle and reduce the amount of NOx generated As a result, stable combustion can be achieved.
- the turning force applying device has a guide portion provided at an outlet of the inner air passage.
- the turning force applying device as the guide portion provided at the outlet of the inner air passage, the air injected from the cover ring toward the front of the nozzle body can be easily turned into the swirling flow.
- the fuel injection nozzle is provided in a plurality of nozzle tips capable of injecting fuel to the outside of the injection air from the inner air passage, and the guide portion is provided in the plurality of nozzle tips. It is characterized by.
- the structure can be simplified by providing the guide portions on the plurality of nozzle chips.
- the guide portion is provided at a position not in the same row in the circumferential direction as the plurality of nozzle tips in the cover ring.
- an outer air passage is formed by disposing a predetermined gap outside the outer peripheral portion of the cover ring, and a sleeve capable of injecting air toward the outside of the injected fuel from the fuel passage is provided. It is characterized by providing.
- the air injected through the inner air passage and the air injected through the outer air passage sandwich the injected fuel, thereby promoting the mixing of the two and the fuel-air ratio to an appropriate value. Can be maintained.
- the gas turbine combustor according to the present invention includes a combustion cylinder in which high-pressure air and fuel are combusted to generate combustion gas, a pilot combustion burner disposed at a central portion in the combustion cylinder, and the combustion cylinder A plurality of main combustion burners disposed to surround the pilot combustion burner in the gas turbine combustor, wherein the pilot combustion burner includes a pilot cone and a pilot nozzle disposed inside the pilot cone.
- the pilot cone is provided on the outer periphery of the pilot nozzle, and the pilot cone is disposed inside the nozzle main body having a fuel passage with a predetermined gap outside the outer peripheral portion of the tip of the nozzle main body.
- a cover ring that forms an air passage and is capable of injecting air toward the front of the nozzle body; and the cover ring A fuel injection nozzle that is attached to the front end portion of the fuel passage at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction and communicates with the fuel passage, and a turning force applying device that applies a turning force to the air flowing through the inner air passage.
- the air injected from the cover ring to the front of the nozzle body through the inner air passage by the turning force applying device becomes a turning flow, so even if the air flow rate varies,
- the axial air velocity distribution does not fluctuate greatly, it is possible to stabilize the combustion, and it is possible to prevent damage to the tip of the pilot nozzle by suppressing the temperature rise in the vicinity of the pilot nozzle.
- the amount of NOx generated can be reduced, and as a result, stable combustion can be achieved.
- the gas turbine according to the present invention is a gas turbine that obtains rotational power by supplying fuel to compressed air compressed by a compressor by a combustor and supplying the generated combustion gas to the turbine.
- the pilot combustion burner includes a pilot cone, a pilot nozzle disposed inside the pilot cone, and swirl vanes provided on the outer periphery of the pilot nozzle.
- the pilot cone has a nozzle body having a fuel passage and a predetermined gap outside the outer peripheral portion of the tip of the nozzle body.
- an inner air passage is formed, and a cover ring capable of injecting air toward the front of the nozzle body and a front end portion of the cover ring are attached at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction to communicate with the fuel passage. And a turning force applying device for applying a turning force to the air flowing through the inner air passage.
- the air injected from the cover ring to the front of the nozzle body through the inner air passage by the turning force applying device becomes a turning flow, so even if the air flow rate varies,
- the axial air velocity distribution does not fluctuate greatly, it is possible to stabilize the combustion, and it is possible to prevent damage to the tip of the pilot nozzle by suppressing the temperature rise in the vicinity of the pilot nozzle.
- the amount of NOx generated can be reduced, and as a result, stable combustion is possible and turbine efficiency can be improved.
- the swirl force imparting device that imparts the swirl force to the air injected into the injected fuel from the nozzle is provided, it is possible to enable stable combustion. it can.
- FIG. 1-1 is a cross-sectional view at a position where there is a nozzle tip representing the tip of a pilot nozzle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1-2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the action of the guide surface in the pilot nozzle of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view at a position where there is no nozzle tip representing the tip of the pilot nozzle of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a front view illustrating the tip of the pilot nozzle of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a gas turbine according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a gas turbine combustor according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the gas turbine combustor according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic front view illustrating the tip of the pilot nozzle according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a front view illustrating the tip of the pilot nozzle according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1-1 is a cross-sectional view at a position where there is a nozzle tip representing the tip of the pilot nozzle according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1-2 illustrates the operation of the guide surface in the pilot nozzle according to the first embodiment
- 2 is a cross-sectional view at a position where there is no nozzle tip representing the tip of the pilot nozzle of Example 1
- FIG. 3 is a front view of the tip of the pilot nozzle of Example 1
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a gas turbine combustor according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the gas turbine combustor according to the first embodiment.
- the gas turbine of Example 1 is composed of a compressor 11, a combustor 12, and a turbine 13 as shown in FIG.
- a generator (not shown) is connected to the gas turbine and can generate power.
- the compressor 11 has an air intake 20 for taking in air, an inlet guide vane (IGV: Inlet Guide Vane) 22 is disposed in the compressor casing 21, and a plurality of stationary vanes 23 and moving blades 24 are provided. Arranged alternately in the front-rear direction (the axial direction of the rotor 32 to be described later), the bleed chamber 25 is provided on the outside thereof.
- the combustor 12 is combustible by supplying fuel to the compressed air compressed by the compressor 11 and igniting it.
- a plurality of stationary blades 27 and moving blades 28 are alternately disposed in a turbine casing 26 in the front-rear direction (the axial direction of a rotor 32 described later).
- An exhaust chamber 30 is disposed downstream of the turbine casing 26 via an exhaust casing 29, and the exhaust chamber 30 has an exhaust diffuser 31 that is continuous with the turbine 13.
- a rotor (rotary shaft) 32 is positioned so as to penetrate through the center of the compressor 11, the combustor 12, the turbine 13, and the exhaust chamber 30.
- the end of the rotor 32 on the compressor 11 side is rotatably supported by the bearing portion 33, while the end of the exhaust chamber 30 side is rotatably supported by the bearing portion 34.
- the rotor 32 is fixed by stacking a plurality of disks with each blade 24 mounted thereon by the compressor 11 and fixed by a plurality of disks having each blade 28 mounted by the turbine 13.
- a generator drive shaft (not shown) is connected to the end on the exhaust chamber 30 side.
- the compressor casing 21 of the compressor 11 is supported by the legs 35
- the turbine casing 26 of the turbine 13 is supported by the legs 36
- the exhaust chamber 30 is supported by the legs 37.
- the air taken in from the air intake 20 of the compressor 11 passes through the inlet guide vane 22, the plurality of stationary vanes 23 and the moving blade 24 and is compressed to become high-temperature / high-pressure compressed air.
- a predetermined fuel is supplied to the compressed air in the combustor 12 and burned.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas that is the working fluid generated in the combustor 12 passes through the plurality of stationary blades 27 and the moving blades 28 constituting the turbine 13 to drive and rotate the rotor 32.
- the generator connected to 32 is driven.
- the energy of the exhaust gas (combustion gas) is converted into pressure by the exhaust diffuser 31 in the exhaust chamber 30 and decelerated before being released to the atmosphere.
- the combustor outer cylinder 41 is supported by a combustor inner cylinder 42 with a predetermined interval therein, and a combustor tail cylinder 42 is disposed at the tip of the combustor inner cylinder 42.
- the cylinder 43 is connected to constitute a combustor casing.
- the combustor inner cylinder 42 is located at the center of the interior, the pilot combustion burner 44 is disposed, and a plurality of main combustion chamber inner cylinders 42 are surrounded on the inner peripheral surface of the combustor inner cylinder 42 along the circumferential direction.
- a combustion burner 45 is arranged.
- the tail cylinder 43 is connected to a bypass pipe 46, and a bypass valve 47 is provided in the bypass pipe 46.
- the combustor outer cylinder 41 is configured such that the outer cylinder lid portion 52 is in close contact with the proximal end portion of the outer cylinder main body 51 and is fastened by a plurality of fastening bolts 53.
- the base end portion of the combustor inner cylinder 42 is fitted to the outer cylinder lid portion 52, and an air passage 54 is formed between the outer cylinder lid portion 52 and the combustor inner cylinder 42.
- the combustor inner cylinder 42 is located in the center of the inside, the pilot combustion burner 44 is arrange
- the pilot combustion burner 44 includes a pilot cone 55 supported by the combustor inner cylinder 42, a pilot nozzle 56 disposed inside the pilot cone 55, and swirl vanes (swirler vanes) 57 provided on the outer periphery of the pilot nozzle 56. It is composed of
- the main combustion burner 45 includes a burner cylinder 58, a main nozzle 59 disposed inside the burner cylinder 58, and swirl vanes (swirler vanes) 60 provided on the outer periphery of the main nozzle 59.
- a top hat portion 61 is fitted into the outer cylinder lid portion 52 and fastened by a plurality of fastening bolts 62, and fuel ports 63 and 64 are provided in the top hat portion 61.
- a pilot fuel line (not shown) is connected to the fuel port 63 of the pilot nozzle 56, and a main combustion line (not shown) is connected to the fuel port 64 of each main nozzle 59.
- the compressed air flows into the combustor inner cylinder 42, and this compressed air is converted into the main combustion burner in the combustor inner cylinder 42. It is mixed with the fuel injected from 45 and flows into the combustor tail cylinder 43 as a swirling flow of premixed gas.
- the compressed air is mixed with fuel injected from the pilot combustion burner 44, ignited and burned by a not-illustrated type fire, and is burned into the combustor tail cylinder 43 as combustion gas.
- a part of the combustion gas is injected into the combustor tail cylinder 43 so as to diffuse to the surroundings with a flame, so that the premixed gas flowing into the combustor tail cylinder 43 from each main combustion burner 45 is obtained. It is ignited and burns. That is, flame holding for stable combustion of the lean premixed fuel from the main combustion burner 45 can be performed by the diffusion flame by the pilot fuel injected from the pilot combustion burner 44.
- the pilot nozzle 56 of Example 1 will be described in detail.
- the nozzle body 71 has a hollow cylindrical shape, and a mixture of fuel and compressed air (pilot fuel) ) Flows toward the distal end side, and the fuel passage 72 is connected to the fuel port 63 (see FIG. 6) on the base end side, but is closed on the distal end side.
- a sleeve 73 having a cylindrical shape is disposed outside with a predetermined gap.
- An air passage 74 is formed in the gap between the nozzle body 71 and the sleeve 73, and the nozzle body 71 is compressed by the air passage 74. Air (compressed air) can flow toward the tip side.
- the air passage 74 has a cylindrical shape on the tip side, and a cover ring 75 that is bent inward on the tip side.
- the nozzle body 71 includes a cylindrical portion 71a, a conical portion 71b that bends and inclines at a predetermined angle from the distal end portion of the cylindrical portion 71a toward the inside thereof, and a disk portion 71c that closes the distal end portion of the conical portion 71b.
- the cover ring 75 is bent at a predetermined angle inward along the tip portion 71a of the nozzle body 71 from the tip portion of the cylinder portion 75a and the cylindrical portion 75a located between the nozzle body 71 and the sleeve 73. And an inclined conical portion 75b.
- the nozzle body 71 and the cover ring 75 are provided with a plurality of inner spacers 76 with a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction therebetween, thereby ensuring a predetermined gap. Further, a predetermined gap is secured between the cover ring 75 and the sleeve 73 by interposing an outer spacer 77 therebetween. Therefore, the air passage 74 formed between the nozzle body 71 and the sleeve 73 is branched into the inner air passage 78 and the outer air passage 79 by the cover ring 75.
- a plurality of nozzle tips 80 are fixed to the conical portion 75b with a predetermined interval (equal interval) in the circumferential direction.
- a plurality of fuel injection nozzles 81 are provided so as to pass through the respective nozzle tips 80 from the conical portion 71 b of the nozzle body 71, and the base end portion of each fuel injection nozzle 81 is connected to the fuel passage 72. Communicate.
- an inner air passage 78 can be formed between the two, in front of the nozzle body 71, Air can be injected toward the inside of the nozzle body 71.
- a plurality of nozzle tips 80 are attached to the front end portion of the cover ring 75 at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction, and a fuel injection nozzle 81 communicating with the fuel passage 72 is attached, so that the injected air from the inner air passage 78 is attached. It is possible to inject fuel toward the outside.
- the outer air passage 79 can be formed by arranging the sleeve 73 with a predetermined gap outside the outer peripheral portion of the cover ring 75, and air is injected toward the outside of the injected fuel from the fuel passage 72. It is possible.
- the pilot nozzle 56 is provided with a turning force applying device that applies a turning force to the air flowing through the inner air passage 78.
- the turning force applying device is a guide portion provided at the outlet of the inner air passage 78, and the guide portion is a guide surface 82 provided in the plurality of nozzle chips 80.
- a plurality of nozzle tips 80 are fixed to the conical portion 75 b of the cover ring 75 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and a fuel injection nozzle 81 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the cover ring 75.
- Each nozzle tip 80 extends from the conical portion 75b of the cover ring 75 toward the central axis C of the nozzle body 71, and the tip end portion is located in front of the outlet of the inner air passage 78.
- a curved guide surface 82 is formed.
- the air-fuel mixture (fuel) F injected from the fuel injection nozzle 81 is ignited and burned by a pilot flame (not shown) at the pilot nozzle 56, and the high-temperature combustion gas FG And spouts to spread around with a flame.
- the air passing through the air passage 74 is divided by the cover ring 75 into tip cooling air A 1 passing through the inner air passage 78 and outer cooling air A 2 passing through the outer air passage 79. Since the front cooling air A1 is guided inside the cover ring 75, the tip cooling air A1 travels inward by the conical portion 75b, and moves toward the front of the disk portion 71c of the nozzle main body 71 and inside the air-fuel mixture F. Be injected.
- the front-end cooling air A1 ejected from the inner air passage 78 is centered on the central axis C of the nozzle body 71 by the guide surfaces 82 provided in the nozzle tips 80. It becomes a swirl flow. Further, since the outside cooling air A2 is guided to the outside of the cover ring 75, it is jetted to the outside of the air-fuel mixture F from the outside of the conical portion 75b toward the front.
- the premixed gas of the fuel injected from the main nozzle 59 and the compressed air is swirled by the swirl vanes 60. Then, the air is recirculated from the outer peripheral side to the central portion side, and flows into the tip portion side of the pilot nozzle 56 as a circulating flow. Therefore, the tip cooling air A1 injected from the pilot nozzle 56 and turned into a swirling flow collides with the premixed gas injected from the main nozzle 59 and turned into a circulating flow at a predetermined position.
- both are mixed appropriately, it flows outside and becomes a flame, and the stable combustion becomes possible.
- the tip cooling air A1 from the pilot nozzle 56 is a swirling flow, the air flow velocity distribution in the axial direction does not fluctuate greatly, and combustion can be stabilized. As a result, by suppressing the temperature rise in the vicinity of the pilot nozzle 56, the pilot nozzle 56 can be prevented from being damaged and the amount of NOx generated can be reduced.
- the nozzle body 71 having the fuel passage 72 and the inner air passage 78 are formed by disposing a predetermined gap outside the outer peripheral portion of the tip of the nozzle body 71.
- a cover ring 75 capable of injecting air toward the front of the nozzle body 71 and a fuel injection nozzle 81 which is attached to the tip of the cover ring 75 at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction and communicates with the fuel passage 72.
- a plurality of nozzle chips 80 capable of injecting fuel to the outside of the injected air from the inner air passage 78 and a turning force applying device for applying a turning force to the air injected through the inner air passage 78 are provided.
- the air injected from the cover ring 75 toward the front of the nozzle body 71 through the inner air passage 78 by the turning force imparting device becomes a turning flow, so that the air flow velocity distribution in the axial direction varies greatly. Rather, the distribution of cooling air inside the pilot cone can be controlled, so that combustion can be stabilized. Further, by suppressing the temperature rise, damage to the tip of the pilot nozzle 45 can be prevented, and the amount of NOx generated can be reduced. As a result, stable combustion can be achieved. .
- a guide surface (guide portion) 82 is provided at the outlet of the inner air passage 78 as a turning force applying device. Therefore, the air injected from the cover ring 75 toward the front of the nozzle body 71 can be easily turned into a swirl flow.
- the guide surfaces 82 are formed on the plurality of nozzle chips 80. Therefore, it is possible to simplify the structure, facilitate manufacturing, and reduce costs. In this case, by narrowing the passage area of the inner air passage 78 by the guide surface 82 formed in the nozzle tip 80, the penetrating force of the injected air increases, so that the air flow rate can be stabilized. In addition, by introducing air from the pilot nozzle 56, backfire and burning of the nozzle tip can be prevented.
- the outer air passage 79 is formed by disposing the sleeve 73 outside the outer peripheral portion of the cover ring 75 with a predetermined gap, and directed toward the outside of the injected fuel from the fuel passage 72. Air can be injected. Therefore, the air injected through the inner air passage 78 and the air injected through the outer air passage 79 sandwich the injected fuel, so that the mixing of both can be promoted and the fuel and air costs are appropriate. Value can be maintained.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic front view showing the tip of the pilot nozzle according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the basic configuration of the pilot nozzle of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the above-described first embodiment, and will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and has the same functions as those of the above-described embodiment.
- the members are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the cover ring 75 includes a plurality of nozzle tips 90 at a predetermined interval (equal interval) in the circumferential direction in the conical portion 75 b. It is fixed.
- a plurality of fuel injection nozzles 91 are provided so as to pass through the respective nozzle tips 90 from the conical portion 71 b of the nozzle body 71, and each of the fuel injection nozzles 91 has a base end portion in the fuel passage 72. Communicate.
- an inner air passage 78 can be formed between the two, in front of the nozzle body 71, Air can be injected toward the inside of the nozzle body 71.
- a plurality of nozzle tips 90 are attached to the front end portion of the cover ring 75 at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction, and a fuel injection nozzle 91 communicating with the fuel passage 72 is attached, so that the injection air from the inner air passage 78 is attached. It is possible to inject fuel toward the outside.
- the outer air passage 79 can be formed by arranging the sleeve 73 with a predetermined gap outside the outer peripheral portion of the cover ring 75, and air is injected toward the outside of the injected fuel from the fuel passage 72. It is possible.
- the pilot nozzle 56 is provided with a turning force applying device that applies a turning force to the air flowing through the inner air passage 78.
- the turning force applying device is a guide portion provided at the outlet of the inner air passage 78, and the guide portion is a guide surface 92 provided in the plurality of nozzle chips 90.
- a plurality of nozzle tips 90 are fixed to the conical portion 75 b of the cover ring 75 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the fuel injection nozzle 91 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the cover ring 75.
- Each nozzle tip 90 has a wing shape as a whole, extends from the conical portion 75 b of the cover ring 75 toward the central axis C of the nozzle body 71, and a tip portion is positioned in front of the outlet of the inner air passage 78.
- a curved guide surface 92 is formed on one end surface side.
- the air-fuel mixture injected from the fuel injection nozzle 91 is combusted, and the pilot nozzle 56 is jetted so that it becomes a high-temperature combustion gas FG and diffuses to the surroundings with a flame.
- the air passing through the air passage 74 is divided by the cover ring 75 into tip cooling air A 1 passing through the inner air passage 78 and outer cooling air A 2 passing through the outer air passage 79.
- the inner front end cooling air A ⁇ b> 1 becomes a swirling flow centered on the central axis C of the nozzle body 71 by the guide surfaces 92 provided in the nozzle tips 90.
- the premixed gas of the fuel and compressed air injected from the main nozzle 59 is recirculated to the central portion side and flows into the tip portion side of the pilot nozzle 56 as a circulating flow. Therefore, the front-end cooling air A1 injected from the pilot nozzle 56 and turned into a swirling flow collides with the premixing injected from the main nozzle 59 and turned into a circulating flow at a predetermined position.
- both are mixed appropriately, it flows outside and becomes a flame, and the stable combustion becomes possible.
- the tip cooling air A1 from the pilot nozzle 56 is a swirling flow, the air flow velocity distribution in the axial direction does not vary greatly, and the cooling air distribution inside the pilot cone can be controlled, so that combustion is stabilized. Is possible. Further, since the temperature rise in the vicinity of the pilot nozzle is suppressed by the swirling flow of the cooling air, the pilot nozzle 56 can be prevented from being damaged and the amount of NOx generated can be reduced.
- the pilot nozzle according to the second embodiment is provided with the turning force applying device that applies the turning force to the air injected through the inner air passage 78, and the plurality of nozzle tips 90 are used as the turning force applying device.
- a guide surface 92 is formed on the surface.
- the air jetted from the cover ring 75 toward the front of the nozzle body 71 through the inner air passage 78 becomes a swirling flow by the guide surface 92 of the nozzle tip 90, and thus the temperature rise in the vicinity of the pilot nozzle is suppressed.
- damage to the tip of the pilot nozzle 56 can be prevented, and the amount of NOx generated can be reduced. As a result, stable combustion can be achieved.
- FIG. 8 is a front view showing the tip of the pilot nozzle according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the basic configuration of the pilot nozzle of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the above-described first embodiment, and will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and has the same functions as those of the above-described embodiment.
- the members are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the cover ring 75 in the pilot nozzle 56, includes a plurality of nozzle tips 95 spaced apart from the conical portion 75 b by a predetermined interval (equal interval) in the circumferential direction. It is fixed.
- a plurality of fuel injection nozzles 96 are provided so as to pass through the respective nozzle tips 95 from the conical portion 71 b of the nozzle body 71, and each of the fuel injection nozzles 96 has a base end portion in the fuel passage 72. Communicate.
- an inner air passage 78 can be formed between the two, in front of the nozzle body 71, Air can be injected toward the inside of the nozzle body 71.
- a plurality of nozzle tips 95 are attached to the front end portion of the cover ring 75 at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction, and a fuel injection nozzle 96 communicating with the fuel passage 72 is attached, so that the injected air from the inner air passage 78 is attached. It is possible to inject fuel toward the outside.
- the outer air passage 79 can be formed by arranging the sleeve 73 with a predetermined gap outside the outer peripheral portion of the cover ring 75, and air is injected toward the outside of the injected fuel from the fuel passage 72. It is possible.
- the pilot nozzle 56 is provided with a turning force applying device that applies a turning force to the air flowing through the inner air passage 78.
- the turning force applying device is a guide portion provided at the outlet of the inner air passage 78, and the guide portion is not located in the same circumferential line as the plurality of nozzle tips 95 in the cover ring 75.
- a plurality of swirl blades 97 are provided.
- a plurality of nozzle tips 95 are fixed to the conical portion 75 b of the cover ring 75 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and a fuel injection nozzle 96 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the cover ring 75.
- the swirl blade 97 has a blade shape as a whole, and is fixed to protrude from the conical portion 75b of the cover ring 75 toward the central axis C of the nozzle body 71 and incline at a predetermined angle with respect to the radial direction. .
- the air-fuel mixture F injected from the fuel injection nozzle 95 is combusted, and the pilot nozzle 56 is jetted out as a high-temperature combustion gas FG so as to diffuse with the flame.
- the air passing through the air passage 74 is divided by the cover ring 75 into tip cooling air A1 passing through the inner air passage 78 and outer cooling air passing through the outer air passage 79.
- the inner tip cooling air A ⁇ b> 1 becomes a swirling flow around the central axis C of the nozzle body 71 by each swirling blade 97.
- the premixed gas of the fuel and compressed air injected from the main nozzle 59 is recirculated to the central portion side and flows into the tip portion side of the pilot nozzle 56 as a circulating flow. Therefore, the front-end cooling air A1 injected from the pilot nozzle 56 and turned into a swirling flow collides with the premixed gas injected from the main nozzle 59 and turned into a circulating flow at a predetermined position.
- both are mixed appropriately, it flows outside and becomes a flame, and the stable combustion becomes possible.
- the tip cooling air A1 from the pilot nozzle 56 is a swirling flow, the air flow velocity distribution in the axial direction does not vary greatly, and the cooling air distribution inside the pilot cone can be controlled, so that combustion is stabilized. Is possible. As a result, by suppressing the temperature rise in the vicinity of the pilot nozzle 56, the pilot nozzle 56 can be prevented from being damaged and the amount of NOx generated can be reduced.
- the pilot nozzle according to the third embodiment is provided with the turning force applying device that applies the turning force to the air that is injected through the inner air passage 78.
- a plurality of swirl vanes 97 are provided at positions that are not in the same row as the nozzle tip 95 in the circumferential direction.
- the plurality of swirling blades 97 are provided at positions that are not in the same row in the circumferential direction as the plurality of nozzle tips 95 in the cover ring 75. Instead, a plurality of swirl vanes 97 may be provided in the cover ring 75 at positions facing the nozzle tips 95 in the radial direction so long as they do not interfere with the nozzle tips 95 or adversely affect the injected fuel. .
- the turning force applying device is the guide surfaces 82 and 92 and the swirling blades 97 provided on the nozzle tips 80 and 90 provided at the outlet of the inner air passage 78.
- the present invention is not limited to the outlet of the inner air passage 78, and a guide portion or the like may be provided inside the inner air passage 78.
- the shapes of the nozzle tips 80 and 90, the guide surfaces 82 and 92, and the swirl vane 97 are not limited to the embodiments, and a swirl force can be imparted to the air injected through the inner air passage 78. Any shape is possible if possible.
- the fuel injection nozzles 81, 91, 96 are provided in the nozzle tips 80, 90, 95, and the guide surfaces 82, 92 are provided in the nozzle tips 80, 90, 95. It is not limited.
- the nozzle body 71 may be provided with a fuel injection nozzle and a guide surface.
- Compressor 12 Combustor 13 Turbine 41
- Combustor outer cylinder 42
- Combustor inner cylinder (combustion cylinder) 43
- Combustor transition 44
- Pilot combustion burner 45
- Main combustion burner 55
- Pilot cone 56
- Pilot nozzle 57
- Swivel blade 71
- Nozzle body 72
- Fuel passage 73
- Cover ring 78
- Inner air passage 80, 90, 95
- Nozzle tips 81, 91, 96
- Fuel injection nozzles 82, 92 Guide surface (swivel force applying device, guide portion) )
- Swirling blade Swirl force applying device, guide part)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
Description
12 燃焼器
13 タービン
41 燃焼器外筒
42 燃焼器内筒(燃焼筒)
43 燃焼器尾筒
44 パイロット燃焼バーナ
45 メイン燃焼バーナ
55 パイロットコーン
56 パイロットノズル(ノズル)
57 旋回翼
71 ノズル本体
72 燃料通路
73 スリーブ
75 カバーリング
78 内側空気通路
79 外側空気通路
80,90,95 ノズルチップ
81,91,96 燃料噴射ノズル
82,92 ガイド面(旋回力付与装置、ガイド部)
97 旋回翼(旋回力付与装置、ガイド部)
Claims (7)
- 燃料通路を有するノズル本体と、
該ノズル本体の先端外周部の外側に所定隙間をあけて配置することで内側空気通路を形成すると共に前記ノズル本体の前方に向けて空気を噴射可能なカバーリングと、
該カバーリングの先端部に周方向に所定間隔をあけて装着されて前記燃料通路と連通する燃料噴射ノズルと、
前記内側空気通路を通って噴射される空気に旋回力を付与する旋回力付与装置と、
を備えることを特徴とするノズル。 - 前記旋回力付与装置は、前記内側空気通路の出口に設けられるガイド部を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のノズル。
- 前記燃料噴射ノズルは、前記内側空気通路からの噴射空気の外側に燃料を噴射可能な複数のノズルチップに設けられ、前記ガイド部は、前記複数のノズルチップに設けられることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のノズル。
- 前記ガイド部は、前記カバーリングにおける前記複数のノズルチップと周方向の同列にない位置に設けられることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のノズル。
- 前記カバーリングの外周部の外側に所定隙間をあけて配置することで外側空気通路を形成すると共に前記燃料通路からの噴射燃料の外側に向けて空気を噴射可能なスリーブを設けることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一つに記載のノズル。
- 高圧空気と燃料とが内部で燃焼して燃焼ガスを発生させる燃焼筒と、
該燃焼筒内における中央部に配置されるパイロット燃焼バーナと、
前記燃焼筒内における前記パイロット燃焼バーナを取り囲むように配置される複数のメイン燃焼バーナと、
を備えるガスタービン燃焼器において、
前記パイロット燃焼バーナは、
パイロットコーンと、
該パイロットコーンの内部に配置されるパイロットノズルと、
該パイロットノズルの外周部に設けられる旋回翼とを有し、
前記パイロットコーンは、
燃料通路を有するノズル本体と、
該ノズル本体の先端外周部の外側に所定隙間をあけて配置することで内側空気通路を形成すると共に前記ノズル本体の前方に向けて空気を噴射可能なカバーリングと、
該カバーリングの先端部に周方向に所定間隔をあけて装着されて前記燃料通路と連通する燃料噴射ノズルと、
前記内側空気通路を流れる空気に旋回力を付与する旋回力付与装置とを有する、
ことを特徴とするガスタービン燃焼器。 - 圧縮機で圧縮した圧縮空気に燃焼器で燃料を供給して燃焼し、発生した燃焼ガスをタービンに供給することで回転動力を得るガスタービンにおいて、
前記燃焼器は、
高圧空気と燃料とが内部で燃焼して燃焼ガスを発生させる燃焼筒と、
該燃焼筒内における中央部に配置されるパイロット燃焼バーナと、
前記燃焼筒内における前記パイロット燃焼バーナを取り囲むように配置される複数のメイン燃焼バーナとを有し、
前記パイロット燃焼バーナは、
パイロットコーンと、
該パイロットコーンの内部に配置されるパイロットノズルと、
該パイロットノズルの外周部に設けられる旋回翼とを有し、
前記パイロットコーンは、
燃料通路を有するノズル本体と、
該ノズル本体の先端外周部の外側に所定隙間をあけて配置することで内側空気通路を形成すると共に前記ノズル本体の前方に向けて空気を噴射可能なカバーリングと、
該カバーリングの先端部に周方向に所定間隔をあけて装着されて前記燃料通路と連通する燃料噴射ノズルと、
前記内側空気通路を流れる空気に旋回力を付与する旋回力付与装置とを有する、
ことを特徴とするガスタービン。
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CN201280003460.9A CN103210257B (zh) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-30 | 喷嘴及燃气涡轮燃烧器、燃气涡轮 |
EP12764750.1A EP2693123B1 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-30 | Nozzle, gas turbine combustor and gas turbine |
KR1020137010618A KR101470774B1 (ko) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-30 | 노즐 및 가스 터빈 연소기, 가스 터빈 |
JP2013507788A JP5611450B2 (ja) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-30 | ノズル及びガスタービン燃焼器、ガスタービン |
US13/882,655 US8826666B2 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-30 | Nozzle, and gas turbine combustor having the nozzle |
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EP (1) | EP2693123B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5611450B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101470774B1 (ja) |
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JP2015017715A (ja) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-01-29 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | チップホルダ、これを備える燃焼器ノズル、この燃焼器ノズルを備える燃焼器、及び燃焼器ノズルの製造方法 |
JP2015183960A (ja) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-22 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 噴射ノズル、ガスタービン燃焼器及びガスタービン |
WO2017006690A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-12 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 燃焼器ノズル、ガスタービン燃焼器及びガスタービン並びにカバーリング、燃焼器ノズルの製造方法 |
JPWO2017006690A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-03 | 2018-02-01 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 燃焼器ノズル、ガスタービン燃焼器及びガスタービン並びにカバーリング、燃焼器ノズルの製造方法 |
US10837642B2 (en) | 2015-07-03 | 2020-11-17 | Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. | Combustor nozzle, gas turbine combustor, gas turbine, cover ring, and combustor nozzle manufacturing method |
CN110657433A (zh) * | 2019-09-11 | 2020-01-07 | 向顺华 | 一种燃气包覆型低氮无氧化烧嘴 |
CN110657433B (zh) * | 2019-09-11 | 2023-12-29 | 上海炉艺智能科技发展有限公司 | 燃气包覆型低氮无氧化烧嘴及其使用方法 |
CN114646077A (zh) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-21 | 西北工业大学 | 一种环腔开孔的空气雾化喷嘴 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN103210257B (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
CN103210257A (zh) | 2013-07-17 |
EP2693123B1 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
EP2693123A4 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
US20140041389A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
US8826666B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 |
JPWO2012133774A1 (ja) | 2014-07-28 |
EP2693123A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
KR20130066691A (ko) | 2013-06-20 |
KR101470774B1 (ko) | 2014-12-08 |
JP5611450B2 (ja) | 2014-10-22 |
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