WO2012133404A1 - Ipmモータの回転子及びそれを用いたipmモータ - Google Patents
Ipmモータの回転子及びそれを用いたipmモータ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012133404A1 WO2012133404A1 PCT/JP2012/057927 JP2012057927W WO2012133404A1 WO 2012133404 A1 WO2012133404 A1 WO 2012133404A1 JP 2012057927 W JP2012057927 W JP 2012057927W WO 2012133404 A1 WO2012133404 A1 WO 2012133404A1
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- rotor
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- steel plate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
- H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rotor of a permanent magnet embedded motor (hereinafter referred to as “IPM motor”) used in, for example, an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, and a machine tool, and an IPM motor using the rotor.
- IPM motor a permanent magnet embedded motor
- IPM motor uses an expensive permanent magnet, but the cost is high, but the efficiency is higher than that of the induction motor. For this reason, IPM motors are widely used in, for example, drive motors and power generation motors for hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, home appliances, motors for various machine tools and industrial machines, and the like.
- the iron core of the IPM motor is divided into a stator and a rotor. Since an AC magnetic field is directly applied to the stator-side iron core through the windings, to increase efficiency, the stator-side iron core has a high magnetic permeability and at the same time increases the volume resistivity, thereby reducing the iron loss. Is required to be reduced. For this reason, an electromagnetic steel sheet in which soft magnetic properties are improved by adding Si to an extremely low carbon steel is used for the iron core on the stator side.
- the rotor-side iron core plays a role of increasing the magnetic flux density mainly as a yoke.
- the rotor side iron core is slightly affected by the AC magnetic field generated from the stator side, but the effect is limited. Therefore, from the viewpoint of characteristics, it is not necessary to use an electromagnetic steel sheet advantageous for iron loss characteristics for the iron core on the rotor side.
- the electromagnetic steel sheet is used only for the stator, the product yield of the electromagnetic steel sheet is lowered and the manufacturing cost of the motor is increased. Therefore, the same electromagnetic steel sheet as that for the stator side is usually used for the iron core on the rotor side. .
- the IPM motor When an IPM motor is mounted on an automobile, the IPM motor is also required to be reduced in size because of the need for reducing the size and weight of the automobile. In that case, the rotational speed of the rotor can be increased in order to obtain a motor output (torque) equal to or higher than that of the conventional one even if the size is reduced. In general, the efficiency of the motor becomes better as the rotational speed of the rotor is increased.
- an induced electromotive force is generated in the stator winding due to the rotation of the embedded permanent magnet. This induced electromotive force increases as the rotational speed increases. When the induced electromotive force exceeds the input voltage, the motor cannot rotate.
- Patent Document 1 when operating in a high-speed rotation region, a magnetic flux in a direction that cancels the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is generated from the stator side to weaken the induced electromotive force.
- Field control is performed. This field-weakening control allows operation in a high-speed rotation range, but uses electric power to cancel out the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, so the motor torque decreases.
- Patent Document 1 it is attempted to reduce the amount of power used for field-weakening control by devising the shape of the magnet.
- a material having a high yield strength is suitable as a material for the rotor.
- the yield strength after magnetic annealing is about 400 N / mm 2 .
- JP 2000-278900 A JP 2009-153230 A JP 2009-46738 A
- the inventors of the present application have developed IPM motors using various steel plates as materials while developing rotor steel plates for high-speed rotation, and as a result of evaluating the performance of the motors, the coercive force of the material steel plates is adjusted.
- a large output torque can be obtained in a high-speed rotation range in which field-weakening control is performed.
- the rotor can be rotated to a higher rotational speed.
- Patent Document 1 attempts to reduce the amount of electric power used for field-weakening control by devising the shape of the magnet, but does not consider the point of adjusting the coercive force of the material steel plate. Also, Patent Documents 2 and 3 do not consider the point of adjusting the coercive force of the material steel plate. That is, in the conventional configuration, since the point of adjusting the coercive force of the material steel plate is not taken into consideration, the output torque in the high rotation range is small, and accordingly, the maximum rotation number is also low.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an IPM motor rotor and an IPM that can increase the output torque in a high rotation range and increase the maximum rotation speed. It is to provide a motor.
- the rotor of the IPM motor according to the present invention is formed by laminating material steel plates having a magnetic flux density B8000 value of 1.65 T or more when the magnetic field strength is 8000 A / m and a coercive force of 100 A / m or more.
- the IPM motor according to the present invention incorporates the rotor described above.
- the material steel plates having a magnetic flux density B8000 value of 1.65 T or more and a coercive force of 100 A / m or more when the magnetic field strength is 8000 A / m are laminated. Since the rotor core formed as a result is used, the output torque in the high rotation range can be increased, and the maximum rotational speed can be increased. Further, according to the IPM motor of the present invention, since the above-described rotor is used, similarly, the output torque in the high rotation range can be further increased and the maximum rotation speed can be further increased.
- the rotor of the IPM motor of the present invention is formed by laminating material steel plates having a yield strength of 750 N / mm 2 or more, the centrifugal force that acts on the permanent magnet even when the rotor is rotated at a high speed. The rotor will not be damaged by the force. Therefore, the width of the bridge portion provided around the permanent magnet insertion hole can be reduced. If the bridge width can be narrowed, the leakage magnetic flux can be effectively reduced, which increases the degree of freedom in designing the rotor. Further, since the permanent magnet may be reduced in size, the cost of the motor can be greatly reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a front view showing a rotor of an IPM motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the rotor 1 of the IPM motor has a rotor core 10 (rotor body) formed by laminating a steel plate for rotor (material steel plate) described later, and a rotor core 10.
- a plurality of permanent magnet insertion holes 11 provided in the rotor core 10 at intervals from each other along the circumferential direction, and permanent magnets 12 embedded in the permanent magnet insertion holes 11 are included.
- An IPM motor is configured by arranging a stator (not shown) on the outer periphery of the rotor 1.
- Each permanent magnet insertion hole 11 has first and second insertion holes 11a and 11b arranged in a V shape so that the rotation center 10a side of the rotor core 10 is the top, and the first and second insertion holes 11a and 11b at the top. 2 includes a bridge 11c that partitions the insertion holes 11a and 11b.
- the permanent magnet 12 is embedded in the first and second insertion holes 11a and 11b, respectively. That is, two permanent magnets 12 are embedded in the permanent magnet insertion hole 11.
- FIG. 2 is a front view showing a rotor 2 of an IPM motor different from the rotor of the IPM motor of FIG.
- symbol is attached
- the rotor 2 includes a rotor core 10 and a plurality of permanent magnet insertion holes 20 provided in the rotor core 10 at intervals from each other along the circumferential direction of the rotor core 10.
- a permanent magnet 21 embedded in each permanent magnet insertion hole 20 is included.
- the rotor core 10 is formed by laminating material steel plates to be described later, like the rotor core 10 of the rotor 1 of FIG.
- the permanent magnet insertion holes 20 are arranged at 90 ° intervals along the circumferential direction of the rotor core 10. Each permanent magnet insertion hole 20 is formed in a straight line, and one permanent magnet 21 is embedded in each permanent magnet insertion hole 20.
- the magnetic flux in the direction to cancel the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 12 is applied from the stator side.
- Field weakening control is performed to suppress the induced electromotive force.
- the rated rotational speed of such an IPM motor is 7500 rpm when the rotor 1 of FIG. 1 is used, and 10,000 rpm when the rotor 2 of FIG. 2 is used.
- the above-described field weakening control is performed in a high-speed rotation range exceeding these rotation speeds.
- the rotor core 10 is formed by laminating raw steel plates having a magnetic flux density B8000 value of 1.65 T or more and a coercive force of 100 A / m or more when the magnetic field strength is 8000 A / m.
- the value of the magnetic flux density B8000 is set to 1.65 T or more because the inductance at the position where the permanent magnet 12 is inserted (d-axis) and the position where it is not inserted (q-axis) when the rotor 1 rotates at high speed. This is because the reluctance torque based on the difference between the values of the steel plates is effectively utilized, and the torque performance equal to or higher than that of the conventional steel plate is exhibited particularly in the high-speed rotation region.
- the coercive force is set to 100 A / m or more as follows.
- the IPM motor is affected by the magnetic saturation of the iron core material, for example, "Tokyo Gakugei University Faculty of Engineering Bulletin, Vol. 27 No. 1 (2004), P126-132". It is known that inductance decreases and reluctance torque decreases. That is, a steel sheet with a small coercive force, such as a magnetic steel sheet, easily causes magnetic saturation, so that the reluctance torque cannot be increased immediately even if the input current is increased, whereas a steel sheet with a large coercive force is used as the material steel sheet.
- the material steel plate of the rotor core 10 preferably has a yield strength of 750 N / mm 2 or more. By setting the yield strength in such a range, the rotor core 10 can withstand the centrifugal force acting on the permanent magnet 12 during high-speed rotation, and the rotor is not damaged even in a high-speed rotation range.
- the rotor core 10 of the present invention is a high performance steel plate that is capable of obtaining high speed rotation and high torque because the material steel plate is a weak steel plate that is excellent in field weakness controllability, so that a decrease in torque is suppressed even in a high speed rotation range.
- a motor can be provided. Thereby, it becomes possible to apply to various uses including automobiles and home appliances.
- a bridge 11c provided in each permanent magnet insertion hole 11 of the rotor 1 in FIG. 1 is for ensuring the strength around each permanent magnet insertion hole 11.
- the width of the bridge 11c (the width of the bridge 11c along the separating direction of the first and second insertion holes 11a and 11b) can be reduced, thereby reducing leakage magnetic flux. it can. If the strength of the rotor core is increased and the width of the bridge 11c is reduced and the rotor is not damaged and the leakage magnetic flux can be reduced, the design freedom of the rotor is increased. Further, since the permanent magnet 12 may be downsized by reducing the leakage magnetic flux, the cost of the motor can be greatly reduced.
- the bridge width may be designed in consideration of both high torque due to high speed rotation and miniaturization of the permanent magnet.
- the upper limit of the yield strength of the raw steel plate of the rotor core 10 is 2000 N / mm 2 . This is because a material exhibiting a yield strength exceeding 2000 N / mm 2 cannot obtain a magnetic flux density B8000 value of 1.65 T or more when the magnetic field strength is 8000 A / m.
- the present inventors manufactured the raw material steel plate of the rotor core 10 by the following manufacturing method A by using the steel which has a component composition shown in Table 1 as a raw material.
- Manufacturing method A Steel having the component composition shown in Table 1 is melted in vacuum, these continuous cast pieces are heated to 1250 ° C., finish-rolled at 950 ° C. and wound at 560 ° C., and a hot-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.8 mm is obtained. Obtained. After pickling these hot-rolled steel plates, a cold-rolled steel strip having a thickness of 0.35 mm was obtained by one cold rolling (final rolling ratio: about 81%). The obtained cold-rolled steel strip was passed through a continuous furnace set at 400 ° C.
- an insulating film having a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m and having a semi-organic composition containing Cr-based oxide and Mg-based oxide was formed on both surfaces of the steel sheet.
- a JIS No. 5 test piece was cut out from the obtained steel strip and subjected to a tensile test. Moreover, a ring-shaped test piece having an inner diameter of 33 mm and an outer diameter of 45 mm was produced by punching and subjected to magnetization measurement. Table 2 shows the yield strength, tensile strength, yield ratio (YR), magnetic flux density (B 8000 ) and coercive force (Hc) when the strength of the magnetic field is 8000 A / m.
- the present inventors manufactured the raw steel plate of the rotor 10 by the following manufacturing method B using the steel which has a component composition shown in Table 1 as a raw material.
- Manufacturing method B Steel having the component composition shown in Table 1 is melted, these continuous cast pieces are heated to 1250 ° C., finish-rolled at 850 ° C. and wound at 560 ° C. to obtain a hot-rolled steel plate having a thickness of 1.8 mm. It was.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet was pickled and cold-rolled to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 0.35 mm.
- the obtained cold-rolled steel sheet was heated to 900 ° C., passed through a Pb—Bi alloy bath set at 250 ° C., cooled to 250 ° C.
- the present inventors manufactured the raw material steel plate of the rotor 10 by the following manufacturing method C using the steel which has a component composition shown in Table 1 as a raw material.
- Manufacturing method C Among the steels having the composition shown in Table 1, No. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 continuous cast slabs were heated to 1250 ° C. in the same manner as in production method A, finished and rolled at 950 ° C., wound at 560 ° C., and hot-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.8 mm Got. After pickling these hot-rolled steel plates, a cold-rolled steel strip having a thickness of 0.35 mm was obtained by one cold rolling (final rolling ratio: about 81%).
- the obtained cold-rolled steel strip was subjected to recrystallization annealing for 60 seconds through a continuous furnace set at 800 ° C.
- maintains 120 s or more in the continuous furnace set to 450 degreeC was performed. Thereafter, light cold rolling with an elongation of 0.3% was performed, and an insulating film having a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m having a semi-organic composition containing Cr-based oxide and Mg-based oxide was formed on both surfaces of the steel sheet.
- a rotor made of a commercially available electrical steel sheet (35A300) was also produced at the same time and subjected to the same evaluation. Moreover, only one stator was manufactured, and the manufactured rotor was rearranged for performance evaluation as a motor. The maximum output of each motor is 4.5 kw. In this performance evaluation, field weakening control was performed at 10,000 rpm or more. In addition, it was as follows when the mechanical characteristic and magnetic characteristic by the method similar to the raw material steel plate of this invention were evaluated about the commercially available electromagnetic steel plate (35A300). Plate thickness 0.35mm Yield strength 381 N / mm 2 Tensile strength 511 N / mm 2 Saturation magnetic flux density B8000 1.76T Coercive force 75A / m
- the specifications of the manufactured rotor and stator are as follows. ⁇ Specifications of the first rotor Outer diameter: 80.1mm, shaft length 50mm -Number of stacked sheets: 0.35mm / 140 sheets-Center and outer bridge widths: 1.00mm -Permanent magnet: Neodymium magnet (NEOMAX-38VH), 9.0mm width x 3.0mm thickness x 50mm length, total 16 embeds ⁇ Specifications of stator ⁇ Gap length: 0.5mm ⁇ Outer diameter: 138.0 mm, yoke thickness: 10 mm, length: 50 mm -Iron core material: electromagnetic steel plate (35A300), plate thickness 0.35mm -Number of stacked layers: 140-Winding method: distributed winding
- Table 5 shows the maximum torque and efficiency of the motor at 15000 rpm when each first rotor was incorporated.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the maximum torque at 15000 rpm and the coercive force
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the efficiency at 15000 rpm and the coercive force.
- field weakening control was performed at 10,000 rpm or more.
- the steel plates (No. 1 steel and No. 2 steel manufactured by the manufacturing method C) and the coercive force Hc of less than 100 A / m are rotors.
- the torque at 15000 rpm showed a low value of less than 2.0 N ⁇ m, and the efficiency also showed a low value of less than 60%.
- a high torque exceeding 2.0 N ⁇ m and a good efficiency of 60% or more can be obtained.
- the coercive force is 300 A / m or more
- a higher torque of 2.5 N ⁇ m or more and a high efficiency of 70% or more can be obtained.
- the No. 7 steel produced by the manufacturing method B having a high coercive force but having a low magnetic flux density B8000 of 1.61 T has low torque and efficiency due to the low magnetic flux density.
- the inventors of the present invention have obtained the No. manufactured by the manufacturing method B. No. 4 steel (with a yield strength exceeding 750 N / mm 2 ) and No. 4 steel.
- a second rotor shown in FIG. 6 was further produced using 6 steels (those with the highest yield strength) (hereinafter referred to as “ultra high strength steel plates”).
- the second rotor of FIG. 6 reduces the leakage flux by narrowing the bridge width by half compared to the first rotor of FIG. 3, and the size of the permanent magnet is reduced from 9.0 mm to 8.0 mm. (About 11% downsizing). Further, field weakening control was performed at 10,000 rpm or more.
- the specifications of the second rotor are as follows. In addition, what was used for evaluation of said magnetic flux density etc. was utilized about the stator. ⁇ Specifications of the second rotor Outer diameter: 80.1mm, shaft length 50mm -Number of stacked sheets: 0.35 mm / 140 sheets-Center bridge and outer bridge width: 0.5 mm -Permanent magnet: Neodymium magnet (NEOMAX-38VH), 8.0mm width x 3.0mm thickness x 50mm length, total 16 embedded
- first and second rotors were produced using electromagnetic steel sheets. No. manufactured by electrical steel sheet and manufacturing method B Table 6 shows the maximum torque and efficiency from 5000 rpm to 15000 rpm of an IPM motor using a rotor made of 6 steel.
- the No. of production method B having a yield strength of 1300 N / mm 2 or more without breaking up to 42000 rpm.
- the first rotor did not break even at 50000 rpm.
- the use of the ultra-high strength steel sheet of the present invention for the rotor material compared to the electromagnetic steel sheet can avoid breaking up to a high rotational speed.
- the outer bridge portion is a beam portion in which the permanent magnet insertion hole is close to the outer peripheral portion of the rotor.
- the inventors produced a rotor 2 (third rotor) shown in FIG. 2 using an ultra-high-strength steel plate and used it for a motor performance evaluation test.
- a rotor made of electromagnetic steel sheet was also produced at the same time and subjected to the same evaluation.
- the maximum output of the IPM motor 2 is 3.7 kw.
- the specifications of the manufactured rotor and stator are as follows. ⁇ Specifications of the third rotor Outer diameter: 80.0mm, shaft length 75mm -Number of stacked sheets: 0.35 mm / 210 sheets-Bridge width: 3.0 mm -Permanent magnet: Neodymium magnet (NEOMAX-38VH), 40.0mm width x 2.0mm thickness x 75mm length, embedded in total 4 ⁇ Stator specifications-Gap length: 0.5mm ⁇ Outer diameter: 160.0 mm, yoke thickness: 17 mm, length: 75 mm -Iron core material: electromagnetic steel plate (35A300), plate thickness 0.35mm -Number of layers: 210-Winding method: distributed winding
- Table 8 shows the maximum torque and efficiency of the IPM motor using each rotor from 5000 rpm to 12000 rpm.
- the field weakening control was performed at a rotational speed exceeding 10,000 rpm.
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Abstract
Description
このように、IPMモータの小型化にあたり高速回転化してトルクを得ようとする場合、従来の電磁鋼板を素材とする回転子鉄心では、高速回転域では弱め界磁制御を行ってもトルクが減少してしまう問題と、永久磁石に作用する遠心力により回転子が破損する問題とがあり、高速回転化に限界があった。
また、本発明のIPMモータによれば、前述の回転子を用いているので、同様に、高回転域での出力トルクをより大きくでき、最大回転数をより高くできる。
さらに、本発明のIPMモータの回転子は、750N/mm2以上の降伏強度を有する素材鋼板が積層されることにより形成されているので、回転子を高速回転しても永久磁石に作用する遠心力により回転子が破損することがない。そのため、永久磁石挿入孔の周囲に設けられるブリッヂ部の幅を狭くすることができる。ブリッヂ幅を狭くできれば漏れ磁束を効果的に低減できるので、回転子の設計自由度が高まる。また、永久磁石を小型化してもよいので、モータのコストを大幅に低減できる。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態によるIPMモータの回転子を示す正面図である。図に示すように、IPMモータの回転子1には、後述の回転子用鋼板(素材鋼板)が積層されることにより形成された回転子鉄心10(回転子本体)と、回転子鉄心10の周方向に沿って互いに間隔を置いて回転子鉄心10に設けられた複数の永久磁石挿入孔11と、各永久磁石挿入孔11に埋め込まれた永久磁石12とが含まれている。なお、回転子1の外周に図示しない固定子が配置されることで、IPMモータが構成される。
図1の回転子1の各永久磁石挿入孔11に設けられたブリッヂ11cは、各永久磁石挿入孔11周辺の強度を確保するためのものである。素材鋼板自体に十分な強度を持たせることでブリッヂ11cの幅(第1及び第2挿入孔11a,11bの離間方向に沿うブリッヂ11cの幅)を小さくすることができ、それにより漏れ磁束を少なくできる。回転子鉄心の強度を高めることでブリッヂ11cの幅を小さくしても回転子が破損せず漏れ磁束も低減できるのであれば、回転子の設計自由度が高まる。また漏れ磁束の低減により永久磁石12を小型化してもよいので、モータのコストを大幅に低減できる。また永久磁石12を小さくせずに出力トルクの向上を図ることも可能となる。高速回転が可能になることによる高トルク化と永久磁石の小型化の両者を勘案してブリッヂ幅を設計してもよい。
なお、回転子鉄心10の素材鋼板の降伏強度の上限は、2000N/mm2である。これは、2000N/mm2を超える降伏強度を呈する材料では、磁界の強さが8000A/mである時の磁束密度B8000の値が1.65T以上得られないためである。
製造方法A
表1に示す成分組成を有する鋼を真空溶解し、これらの連鋳片を1250℃に加熱し、950℃で仕上げ圧延して560℃で巻取り、板厚1.8mmの熱間圧延鋼板を得た。これらの熱間圧延鋼板を酸洗した後、一回の冷間圧延にて板厚0.35mmの冷間圧延鋼帯を得た(最終圧延率:約81%)。得られた冷間圧延鋼帯を400℃に設定した連続炉に60秒通板してテンションアニーリング処理(引張張力100N/mm2)を施した。また、その後、Cr系酸化物及びMg系酸化物を含有する半有機組成の約1μmの厚さの絶縁皮膜を鋼板の両面に形成した。
得られた鋼帯からJIS5号試験片を切り出し、引張試験に供した。また、内径33mm及び外形45mmのリング状の試験片を打抜きにより作製し、磁化測定に供した。各サンプルの降伏強さ、引張強さ、降伏比(YR)、磁界の強さが8000A/mのときの磁束密度(B8000)と保磁力(Hc)を表2に示す。
製造方法B
表1に示す成分組成を有する鋼を溶解して、これらの連鋳片を1250℃に加熱し、850℃で仕上げ圧延して560℃で巻取り、板厚1.8mmの熱延鋼板を得た。この熱延鋼板を酸洗後、冷間圧延して板厚0.35mmの冷延鋼板を得た。得られた冷延鋼板を、900℃まで加熱し,250℃に設定したPb-Bi合金浴中へ通板して、100℃/sの平均冷却速度で250℃まで冷却し、引き続き400℃に設定した電気炉中に60s保持しつつ、プレステンパーを施した。その後、Cr系酸化物およびMg系酸化物を含有する半有機組成の約1μmの厚さの絶縁皮膜を鋼板の両面に塗布した。
製造方法Bで製造した素材鋼板に対して、上述の製造方法Aで製造した素材鋼板と同様の試験を行った。その結果を表3に示す。
製造方法C
表1に示す成分組成を有する鋼の内、No.1,2,3,4,5の連鋳片を製造方法Aと同様にして1250℃に加熱し、950℃で仕上げ圧延して560℃で巻取り、板厚1.8mmの熱間圧延鋼板を得た。これらの熱間圧延鋼板を酸洗した後、一回の冷間圧延にて板厚0.35mmの冷間圧延鋼帯を得た(最終圧延率:約81%)。得られた冷間圧延鋼帯を800℃に設定した連続炉に60秒通板する再結晶焼鈍を施した。なお、冷却は8℃/sで550℃まで冷却後、450℃に設定した連続炉中に120s以上保持する過時効処理を施した。その後、0.3%の伸び率の軽冷延を行い、更にCr系酸化物及びMg系酸化物を含有する半有機組成の約1μmの厚さの絶縁皮膜を鋼板の両面に形成した。
製造方法Cで製造した素材鋼板に対して、上述の製造方法A,Bで製造した素材鋼板と同様の試験を行った。その結果を表4に示す。
表5に示すように、製造方法Aで製造したNo.1鋼、No.3鋼、No.5鋼およびNo.9鋼、製造方法Bで製造したNo.1鋼、No.2鋼、No.4鋼、No.6鋼およびNo.7鋼、更には製造方法Cで製造したNo.1鋼、No.2鋼、No.4鋼およびNo.5鋼について、図3に示す8極(4極対)構造の第1回転子を打抜き加工により作製し、負荷トルクを付与したモータ性能評価試験に供した。なお、比較のため市販の電磁鋼板(35A300)を素材とした回転子も同時に作製し、同様の評価に供した。また、固定子は1ヶのみ製造し、製造した回転子を組替えてモータとしての性能評価に供した。モータの最大出力はいずれも4.5kwである。また、この性能評価では、10000rpm以上で弱め界磁制御を行った。
なお、市販の電磁鋼板(35A300)について、本発明の素材鋼板と同様の方法による機械的特性と磁気的特性を評価したところ、次のとおりであった。
板厚 0.35mm
降伏強さ 381N/mm2
引張強さ 511N/mm2
飽和磁束密度B8000 1.76T
保磁力 75A/m
◎第1回転子の仕様
外径:80.1mm、軸長50mm
・積層枚数:0.35mm/140枚
・センターブリッヂ、アウターブリッヂの幅:1.00mm
・永久磁石:ネオジム磁石(NEOMAX-38VH)、9.0mm幅×
3.0mm厚×50mm長さ、合計16ヶ埋め込み
◎固定子の仕様
・ギャップ長:0.5mm
・外径:138.0mm、ヨーク厚:10mm、長さ:50mm
・鉄心素材:電磁鋼板(35A300)、板厚0.35mm
・積層枚数:140枚
・巻線方式:分布巻き
一方、高保磁力を有するものの磁束密度B8000が1.61Tと低い製造方法BによるNo.7鋼では、磁束密度が低いことに起因してトルク及び効率が低くなる。
本発明者らは、製造方法Bで製造したNo.4鋼(降伏強度が750N/mm2を超えるもの)及びNo.6鋼(最も降伏強度が高かったもの)(以下、これらを超高強度鋼板と呼ぶ)を用いて、図6に示す第2回転子をさらに作製した。図6の第2回転子は、図3の第1回転子と比べてブリッジ幅を1/2に狭くして漏れ磁束を低減させ、永久磁石の大きさを幅9.0mmから幅8.0mmとした(約11%小型化)したものである。また、10000rpm以上で弱め界磁制御を行った。
◎第2回転子の仕様
外径:80.1mm、軸長50mm
・積層枚数:0.35mm/140枚
・センターブリッヂ、アウターブリッヂの幅:0.5mm
・永久磁石:ネオジム磁石(NEOMAX-38VH)、8.0mm幅×
3.0mm厚×50mm長さ、合計16ヶ埋め込み
なお、破壊した回転子を調べたところ、どの回転子もインナーブリッヂ部とアウターブリッヂ部がともに塑性変形しているか破断しており、永久磁石が脱落していた。アウターブリッヂ部とは、永久磁石挿入孔が回転子外周部と接近している梁部である。
本発明者らは、超高強度鋼板を用いて図2に示す回転子2(第3回転子)を作製し、モータ性能評価試験に供した。また、電磁鋼板を素材とした回転子も同時に作製し、同様の評価に供した。なお、IPMモータ2の最大出力は3.7kwである。
◎第3回転子の仕様
外径:80.0mm、軸長75mm
・積層枚数:0.35mm/210枚
・ブリッジの幅:3.0mm
・永久磁石:ネオジム磁石(NEOMAX-38VH)、40.0mm幅
×2.0mm厚×75mm長さ、合計4ヶ埋め込み
◎固定子の仕様
・ギャップ長:0.5mm
・外径:160.0mm、ヨーク厚:17mm、長さ:75mm
・鉄心素材:電磁鋼板(35A300)、板厚0.35mm
・積層枚数:210枚
・巻線方式:分布巻き
Claims (6)
- 磁界の強さが8000A/mである時の磁束密度B8000の値が1.65T以上であるとともに、保磁力が100A/m以上の素材鋼板が積層されることにより形成された回転子鉄心と、
前記回転子鉄心の周方向に互いに間隔をおいて前記回転子鉄心に設けられた複数の永久磁石挿入孔と、
各永久磁石挿入孔に埋め込まれた永久磁石と
を備えている、IPMモータの回転子。 - 前記素材鋼板の保磁力は300A/m以上である、請求項1記載のIPMモータの回転子。
- 前記素材鋼板の降伏強度は750N/mm2以上である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載のIPMモータの回転子。
- 前記素材鋼板の降伏強度は950N/mm2以上である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載のIPMモータの回転子。
- 前記素材鋼板の降伏強度は1300N/mm2以上である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載のIPMモータの回転子。
- 請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか1項に記載の回転子が組み込まれている、IPMモータ。
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BR112013023948-4A BR112013023948B1 (pt) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-27 | rotor para um motor de ipm, e, motor de ipm |
MX2013011397A MX2013011397A (es) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-27 | Rotor para motor de ipm y motor de ipm equipado con el mismo. |
CA2829872A CA2829872C (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-27 | Rotor for ipm motor, and ipm motor equipped with same |
EP12763062.2A EP2693602B1 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-27 | Rotor for ipm motor, and ipm motor equipped with same |
KR1020137028634A KR101854491B1 (ko) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-27 | Ipm 모터의 회전자 및 그것을 이용한 ipm 모터 |
CN2012800139028A CN103430427A (zh) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-27 | Ipm马达的转子以及使用该转子的ipm马达 |
AU2012233855A AU2012233855B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-27 | Rotor for IPM motor, and IPM motor equipped with same |
RU2013148562/07A RU2578200C2 (ru) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-27 | Ротор для двигателя со встроенными постоянными магнитами и двигатель со встроенными постоянными магнитами, снабженный им |
US14/007,870 US8841810B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-27 | Rotor for IPM motor, and IPM motor equipped with same |
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JP2011264671A JP5186036B2 (ja) | 2011-03-31 | 2011-12-02 | Ipmモータの回転子及びそれを用いたipmモータ |
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EP2693602A4 (en) | 2016-01-06 |
CN103430427A (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
EP2693602A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
AU2012233855B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
BR112013023948A2 (pt) | 2016-12-13 |
AU2012233855A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
MX2013011397A (es) | 2014-04-16 |
JP2012217318A (ja) | 2012-11-08 |
US8841810B2 (en) | 2014-09-23 |
JP5186036B2 (ja) | 2013-04-17 |
CA2829872C (en) | 2016-09-06 |
CA2829872A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
KR101854491B1 (ko) | 2018-05-03 |
KR20140039183A (ko) | 2014-04-01 |
EP2693602B1 (en) | 2019-05-29 |
TW201240282A (en) | 2012-10-01 |
US20140015364A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
RU2013148562A (ru) | 2015-05-10 |
RU2578200C2 (ru) | 2016-03-27 |
BR112013023948B1 (pt) | 2021-02-23 |
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