WO2012176511A1 - 希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 - Google Patents
希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012176511A1 WO2012176511A1 PCT/JP2012/056709 JP2012056709W WO2012176511A1 WO 2012176511 A1 WO2012176511 A1 WO 2012176511A1 JP 2012056709 W JP2012056709 W JP 2012056709W WO 2012176511 A1 WO2012176511 A1 WO 2012176511A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- magnet
- green sheet
- permanent magnet
- mixture
- Prior art date
Links
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1CCCCC1 Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
- H01F7/0205—Magnetic circuits with PM in general
- H01F7/021—Construction of PM
- H01F7/0215—Flexible forms, sheets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rare earth permanent magnet and a method for producing a rare earth permanent magnet.
- a powder sintering method is generally used conventionally.
- the powder sintering method first, magnet powder obtained by pulverizing raw materials by a jet mill (dry pulverization) or the like is manufactured. Thereafter, the magnet powder is put into a mold and press-molded into a desired shape while applying a magnetic field from the outside. Then, the solid magnet powder formed into a desired shape is manufactured by sintering at a predetermined temperature (for example, 1100 ° C. for Nd—Fe—B magnets).
- the permanent magnet is manufactured by the above-described powder sintering method
- the powder sintering method it is necessary to ensure a certain porosity in the press-molded magnet powder for magnetic field orientation.
- magnet powder having a certain porosity is sintered, it is difficult to uniformly contract during the sintering, and deformation such as warpage and dent occurs after sintering.
- the sintered magnet can be dense and dense, and distortion occurs on the magnet surface. Therefore, conventionally, it was necessary to compress the magnet powder in a size larger than the desired shape, assuming that the magnet surface can be distorted in advance. Then, after sintering, a diamond cutting and polishing operation is performed to correct the shape into a desired shape. As a result, the number of manufacturing steps increases, and the quality of the manufactured permanent magnet may decrease.
- a technique has been proposed in which a green sheet is produced by kneading magnet powder and a binder, and a permanent magnet is produced by sintering the produced green sheet (for example, JP-A-1-150303).
- the Nd magnet has a very high reactivity between Nd and oxygen, so if an oxygen-containing material is present, Nd and oxygen are combined in the sintering process to form a metal oxide. As a result, there is a problem that the magnetic characteristics are deteriorated. Further, Nd is combined with oxygen, so that Nd is insufficient compared to the content based on the stoichiometric composition (for example, Nd 2 Fe 14 B), ⁇ Fe is precipitated in the main phase of the magnet after sintering, and magnet characteristics There was a problem of greatly lowering.
- the stoichiometric composition for example, Nd 2 Fe 14 B
- the present invention was made in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and when the magnet powder is green sheet and sintered, the amount of carbon and oxygen contained in the magnet can be reduced in advance, As a result, it is an object of the present invention to provide a rare earth permanent magnet and a method for manufacturing the rare earth permanent magnet that can prevent the deterioration of the magnet characteristics.
- the rare earth permanent magnet according to the present invention includes a step of pulverizing a magnet raw material into magnet powder, and a step of generating a mixture in which the pulverized magnet powder and a binder satisfying certain conditions are mixed.
- the green sheet from which the binder has been removed is manufactured by raising the temperature to a firing temperature and sintering the green sheet.
- the green sheet in the step of removing the binder by scattering, is held at 200 ° C. to 900 ° C. for a certain time in a hydrogen atmosphere or a mixed gas atmosphere of hydrogen and an inert gas. It is characterized by doing.
- the method for producing a rare earth permanent magnet includes a step of pulverizing a magnet raw material into magnet powder, a step of generating a mixture in which the pulverized magnet powder and a binder satisfying certain conditions are mixed, Forming the mixture into a sheet to produce a green sheet; dispersing the binder by holding the green sheet at a binder decomposition temperature in a non-oxidizing atmosphere for a certain period of time; and the binder And a step of sintering the green sheet from which the temperature has been removed by raising the temperature to a firing temperature.
- the green sheet in the step of removing the binder by scattering, is heated at 200 ° C. to 900 ° C. in a hydrogen atmosphere or a mixed gas atmosphere of hydrogen and an inert gas. It is characterized by holding for a certain time.
- the permanent magnet is composed of a magnet obtained by sintering a green sheet formed by mixing magnet powder and a binder into a sheet shape.
- deformation such as warping and dent after sintering does not occur, and pressure unevenness at the time of pressing is eliminated.
- a permanent magnet can be formed with high dimensional accuracy. Further, even when the permanent magnet is thinned, it is possible to prevent the processing man-hours from increasing without reducing the material yield. Further, by using a fatty acid methyl ester or a polymer or copolymer of a monomer satisfying certain conditions as a binder, the amount of oxygen or carbon contained in the magnet can be reduced.
- the amount of carbon contained in the magnet can be reduced in advance by holding the magnet powder to which the binder has been added in a non-oxidizing atmosphere for a predetermined time before sintering. As a result, it is possible to suppress the precipitation of ⁇ Fe in the main phase of the magnet after sintering, to densely sinter the entire magnet, and to prevent the coercive force from being lowered.
- the carbon sheet contained in the magnet is obtained by calcining the green sheet kneaded with the binder in a hydrogen atmosphere or a mixed gas atmosphere of hydrogen and an inert gas. It can reduce more reliably.
- a permanent magnet is produced by sintering a green sheet formed by mixing magnet powder and a binder into a sheet shape. Since deformation due to sintering is uniform, deformation such as warping and dent after sintering does not occur, and pressure unevenness during pressing is eliminated, so correction processing after sintering that has been performed conventionally is performed There is no need, and the manufacturing process can be simplified. Thereby, a permanent magnet can be formed with high dimensional accuracy. Further, even when the permanent magnet is thinned, it is possible to prevent the processing man-hours from increasing without reducing the material yield.
- the amount of oxygen or carbon contained in the magnet can be reduced. Furthermore, the amount of carbon contained in the magnet can be reduced in advance by holding the magnet powder to which the binder has been added in a non-oxidizing atmosphere for a predetermined time before sintering. As a result, it is possible to suppress the precipitation of ⁇ Fe in the main phase of the magnet after sintering, to densely sinter the entire magnet, and to prevent the coercive force from being lowered.
- the green sheet in which the binder is kneaded is calcined in a hydrogen atmosphere or a mixed gas atmosphere of hydrogen and an inert gas to be contained in the magnet.
- the amount of carbon can be reduced more reliably.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view showing a permanent magnet according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing process of the permanent magnet according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing various measurement results for the magnets of the example and the comparative example.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view showing a permanent magnet 1 according to the present invention.
- the permanent magnet 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a fan shape, but the shape of the permanent magnet 1 varies depending on the punched shape.
- the permanent magnet 1 according to the present invention is an Nd—Fe—B based magnet.
- the content of each component is Nd: 27 to 40 wt%, B: 1 to 2 wt%, and Fe (electrolytic iron): 60 to 70 wt%.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view showing a permanent magnet 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the permanent magnet 1 is a thin-film permanent magnet having a thickness of, for example, 0.05 mm to 10 mm (for example, 1 mm). And it is produced by sintering the molded object (green sheet) shape
- resin, fatty acid methyl ester, a mixture thereof, or the like is used as the binder mixed with the magnet powder.
- a resin it is preferable to use a polymer that contains an oxygen atom in the structure and has depolymerization properties.
- the monomers represented by the following general formula (5) or general formula (6) from one or more polymers or copolymers containing at least the monomer represented by general formula (6) Or a mixture of two or more of the polymers.
- R1 and R2 represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a phenyl group or a vinyl group.
- R3 is a methyl group and R4 represents a lower alkyl group
- polystyrene resin examples include polybutyl methacrylate (PBMA), which is a polymer of butyl methacrylate, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), which is a polymer of methyl methacrylate.
- the resin used for the binder may include a small amount of a polymer or copolymer of a monomer (eg, polyisobutylene) made of a hydrocarbon.
- a monomer (for example, acrylate) not corresponding to the above general formula (5) or general formula (6) may be partially copolymerized. Even in that case, it is possible to achieve the object of the present invention.
- a thermoplastic resin in order to perform magnetic field orientation in a state where the formed green sheet is heated and softened.
- polybutyl methacrylate is represented by the following general formula (7). (However, n represents a natural number of 1 or more)
- fatty acid methyl ester when used for the binder, it is preferable to use methyl stearate or methyl docosanoate which is solid at room temperature and liquid at room temperature or higher.
- molding when carrying out magnetic field orientation of a green sheet, a green sheet is heated above the melting
- the amount of carbon and oxygen contained in the magnet can be reduced.
- the amount of carbon remaining in the magnet after sintering is set to 1000 ppm or less, more preferably 500 ppm or less.
- the amount of oxygen remaining in the magnet after sintering is set to 20000 ppm or less, more preferably 10000 ppm or less.
- the amount of binder added is an amount that appropriately fills the gaps between the magnet particles in order to improve the sheet thickness accuracy when the mixture of the magnet powder and the binder is formed into a sheet shape.
- the ratio of the binder to the total amount of the magnet powder and the binder in the mixture after addition of the binder is 1 wt% to 40 wt%, more preferably 2 wt% to 30 wt%, and even more preferably 3 wt% to 20 wt%.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing process of the permanent magnet 1 according to the present embodiment.
- an ingot made of a predetermined fraction of Nd—Fe—B (eg, Nd: 32.7 wt%, Fe (electrolytic iron): 65.96 wt%, B: 1.34 wt%) is manufactured. Thereafter, the ingot is roughly pulverized to a size of about 200 ⁇ m by a stamp mill or a crusher. Alternatively, the ingot is melted, flakes are produced by strip casting, and coarsely pulverized by hydrogen crushing.
- the coarsely pulverized magnet powder is either (a) in an atmosphere made of an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, Ar gas, or He gas having substantially 0% oxygen content, or (b) having an oxygen content of 0.0001.
- the oxygen concentration of substantially 0% is not limited to the case where the oxygen concentration is completely 0%, but may contain oxygen in such an amount that a very small amount of oxide film is formed on the surface of the fine powder. Means good.
- wet pulverization may be used as a method for pulverizing the magnet raw material.
- the coarsely pulverized magnet powder is finely pulverized to an average particle size of not more than a predetermined size (for example, 0.1 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m) using toluene as a solvent.
- a predetermined size for example, 0.1 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m
- the magnet powder contained in the organic solvent after the wet pulverization is dried by vacuum drying or the like, and the dried magnet powder is taken out.
- a binder solution to be added to the fine powder finely pulverized by the jet mill 11 or the like is prepared.
- a resin, a fatty acid methyl ester, a mixture thereof, or the like is used as the binder.
- a binder solution is produced by diluting a binder in a solvent.
- the solvent used for dilution is not particularly limited, and alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol, ethanol and methanol, lower hydrocarbons such as pentane and hexane, aromatics such as benzene, toluene and xylene, and esters such as ethyl acetate. , Ketones, and mixtures thereof can be used, but ethyl acetate is used for the purpose of appropriately melting the methacrylate resin and the like.
- the binder solution is added to the fine powder classified by the jet mill 11 or the like.
- the slurry 12 in which the fine powder of the magnet raw material, the binder, and the organic solvent are mixed is generated.
- the amount of the binder solution added is such that the ratio of the binder to the total amount of the magnet powder and the binder in the slurry after the addition is 1 wt% to 40 wt%, more preferably 2 wt% to 30 wt%, still more preferably 3 wt% to The amount is preferably 20 wt%.
- the slurry 12 is produced by adding 100 g of a 20 wt% binder solution to 100 g of magnet powder.
- the binder solution is added in an atmosphere made of an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, Ar gas, or He gas.
- a green sheet 13 is formed from the generated slurry 12.
- the produced slurry 12 can be applied by an appropriate method on a support substrate such as a separator and dried as necessary.
- the coating method is preferably a method excellent in layer thickness controllability such as a doctor blade method or a die method. Further, it is preferable to sufficiently defoam the mixture so that bubbles do not remain in the spreading layer by using an antifoaming agent in combination.
- Detailed coating conditions are as follows. ⁇ Coating method: Doctor blade or die method ⁇ Gap: 1 mm Support substrate: Silicone-treated polyester film Drying conditions: 90 ° C x 10 minutes, then 130 ° C x 30 minutes
- the set thickness of the green sheet 13 is desirably set in the range of 0.05 mm to 10 mm.
- the productivity must be reduced because multiple layers must be stacked.
- the thickness is greater than 10 mm, it is necessary to reduce the drying speed in order to suppress foaming during drying, and productivity is significantly reduced.
- the mixture may not be the slurry 12, but may be a powdery mixture (hereinafter referred to as a compound) composed of the magnetic powder and the binder without adding an organic solvent.
- a compound a powdery mixture
- you may perform the hot melt coating which melts a compound by heating a compound, makes it a fluid form, and coats it on support base materials, such as a separator.
- a long sheet-like green sheet 13 can be formed on a supporting base material by solidifying the compound coated by hot melt coating by releasing heat.
- the temperature at which the compound is heated and melted is 50 to 300 ° C., although it varies depending on the type and amount of the binder used. However, the temperature needs to be higher than the melting point of the binder to be used.
- the mixing of the magnet powder and the binder is performed, for example, by putting the magnet powder and the binder in an organic solvent and stirring with a stirrer. Then, after stirring, the compound is extracted by heating the organic solvent containing the magnet powder and the binder to vaporize the organic solvent.
- the binder is added to the organic solvent and kneaded without taking out the magnet powder from the organic solvent used for pulverization, and then the compound is prepared by volatilizing the organic solvent. It is good also as a structure to obtain.
- a pulsed magnetic field is applied to the green sheet 13 coated on the support substrate in a direction intersecting the transport direction before drying.
- the intensity of the applied magnetic field is 5000 [Oe] to 150,000 [Oe], preferably 10,000 [Oe] to 120,000 [Oe].
- the direction in which the magnetic field is oriented needs to be determined in consideration of the direction of the magnetic field required for the permanent magnet 1 formed from the green sheet 13, but is preferably in the in-plane direction.
- the green sheet 13 is punched into a desired product shape (for example, a fan shape shown in FIG. 1), and a formed body 14 is formed.
- a desired product shape for example, a fan shape shown in FIG. 1
- the molded body 14 is temporarily maintained in hydrogen by holding it for several hours (for example, 5 hours) at a binder decomposition temperature in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (in particular, a hydrogen atmosphere or a mixed gas atmosphere of hydrogen and an inert gas in the present invention).
- a binder decomposition temperature in particular, a hydrogen atmosphere or a mixed gas atmosphere of hydrogen and an inert gas in the present invention.
- Perform baking In the case of performing in a hydrogen atmosphere, for example, the supply amount of hydrogen during calcination is set to 5 L / min.
- the binder can be decomposed into monomers by a depolymerization reaction or the like and scattered to be removed. That is, so-called decarbonization that reduces the amount of carbon in the molded body 14 is performed.
- the calcination treatment in hydrogen is performed under the condition that the carbon content in the molded body 14 is 1000 ppm or less, more preferably 500 ppm or less. Accordingly, the entire permanent magnet 1 can be densely sintered by the subsequent sintering process, and the residual magnetic flux density and coercive force are not reduced.
- the binder decomposition temperature is determined based on the analysis results of the binder decomposition product and decomposition residue. Specifically, a temperature range is selected in which decomposition products of the binder are collected, decomposition products other than the monomers are not generated, and products due to side reactions of the remaining binder components are not detected even in the analysis of the residues. Although it varies depending on the type of the binder, it is set to 200 ° C. to 900 ° C., more preferably 400 ° C. to 600 ° C. (eg 600 ° C.).
- the calcining treatment is performed at the thermal decomposition temperature and binder decomposition temperature of the organic compound constituting the organic solvent. Thereby, the remaining organic solvent can be removed.
- the thermal decomposition temperature of the organic compound is determined depending on the type of the organic solvent to be used, but basically the thermal decomposition of the organic compound can be performed at the binder decomposition temperature.
- the sintering process which sinters the molded object 14 calcined by the calcination process in hydrogen is performed.
- the temperature is raised to about 800 ° C. to 1200 ° C. at a predetermined rate of temperature rise and held for about 2 hours.
- vacuum firing is performed, but the degree of vacuum is preferably 10 ⁇ 4 Torr or less.
- it is cooled and heat treated again at 600 ° C. to 1000 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the permanent magnet 1 is manufactured as a result of sintering.
- pressure sintering may be used instead of vacuum sintering.
- pressure sintering include hot press sintering, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) sintering, ultra-high pressure synthetic sintering, gas pressure sintering, and discharge plasma (SPS) sintering. Sintering by pressure sintering makes it possible to lower the sintering temperature and suppress grain growth during sintering. Thereby, the magnetic performance can be further improved.
- the slurry was applied to a substrate by a die method to form a green sheet, and further punched into a desired product shape.
- the calcination treatment was performed by holding at 600 ° C. for 5 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere.
- the supply amount of hydrogen during calcination is 5 L / min.
- the other steps are the same as those described in the above [Permanent magnet manufacturing method].
- Example 2 The binder to be mixed was polymethyl methacrylate. Other conditions are the same as in the first embodiment.
- Example 3 The binder to be mixed was methyl docosanoate (methyl behenate) which is a fatty acid methyl ester. Other conditions are the same as in the first embodiment.
- the binder to be mixed was polyvinyl acetate. Other conditions are the same as in the first embodiment.
- the amount of carbon and oxygen contained in the magnet can be reduced as compared with the case of using polybutyl acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene glycol or polyvinyl acetate.
- the amount of carbon remaining in the magnet after sintering can be 1000 ppm or less, more specifically 500 ppm or less.
- the amount of oxygen remaining in the magnet after sintering can be 20000 ppm or less, more specifically 10,000 ppm or less.
- Nd and oxygen are combined in the sintering process to form Nd oxide, and ⁇ Fe precipitation can be prevented.
- the magnet raw material is pulverized into magnet powder, the pulverized magnet powder, the fatty acid methyl ester, or the general formula (5) described above.
- a monomer represented by the general formula (6) (wherein R1 and R2 represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a phenyl group or a vinyl group, R3 represents a methyl group, and R4 represents a lower alkyl group),
- a binder comprising at least one polymer or copolymer comprising the monomer represented by the general formula (6), a mixture of two or more of the polymers, or a mixture of a fatty acid methyl ester and a polymer And a mixture (slurry, compound, etc.) is produced.
- generated mixture is shape
- the prepared green sheet is maintained at a binder decomposition temperature for a certain period of time in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, whereby the binder is decomposed into monomers by a depolymerization reaction, etc., and removed by scattering, and the green sheet from which the binder has been removed is fired.
- the permanent magnet 1 is manufactured by raising the temperature and sintering. As a result, since the shrinkage due to sintering is uniform, deformation such as warping and dent after sintering does not occur, and pressure unevenness at the time of pressing is eliminated. Therefore, the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- a permanent magnet can be formed with high dimensional accuracy. Further, even when the permanent magnet is thinned, it is possible to prevent the processing man-hours from increasing without reducing the material yield. Moreover, the amount of oxygen and carbon contained in the magnet can be reduced by using a binder comprising a fatty acid methyl ester or a polymer or copolymer of a monomer satisfying certain conditions as the binder. Furthermore, the binder is added to the magnet powder to remove the binder by carrying out a calcining treatment that is held for a certain period of time in a non-oxidizing atmosphere before sintering. Can be reduced.
- the green sheet with the binder kneaded is held at 200 ° C. to 900 ° C., more preferably 400 ° C. to 600 ° C. for a certain time in a hydrogen atmosphere or a mixed gas atmosphere of hydrogen and an inert gas.
- the amount of carbon contained in the magnet can be more reliably reduced.
- the pulverization conditions, kneading conditions, calcination conditions, sintering conditions, etc. of the magnet powder are not limited to the conditions described in the above examples.
- the magnet raw material is pulverized by dry pulverization using a jet mill, but may be pulverized by wet pulverization using a bead mill.
- the green sheet is formed by the slot die method, but other methods (for example, calendar roll method, comma coating method, extrusion molding, injection molding, mold molding, doctor blade method, etc.) can be used. It may be used to form a green sheet. However, it is desirable to use a method capable of forming a slurry or fluid compound on a substrate with high accuracy.
- the calcination treatment may be omitted. Even in that case, the binder is thermally decomposed during the sintering, and a certain decarburizing effect can be expected. Further, the calcination treatment may be performed in an atmosphere other than hydrogen.
- resin or fatty acid methyl ester satisfying certain conditions is used as the binder, but other materials may be used.
- the Nd—Fe—B type magnet is described as an example, but other magnets (for example, a cobalt magnet, an alnico magnet, a ferrite magnet, etc.) may be used. Further, in the present invention, the Nd component is larger than the stoichiometric composition in the present invention, but it may be stoichiometric.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
先ず、本発明に係る永久磁石1の構成について説明する。図1は本発明に係る永久磁石1を示した全体図である。尚、図1に示す永久磁石1は扇型形状を備えるが、永久磁石1の形状は打ち抜き形状によって変化する。
本発明に係る永久磁石1はNd-Fe-B系磁石である。尚、各成分の含有量はNd:27~40wt%、B:1~2wt%、Fe(電解鉄):60~70wt%とする。また、磁気特性向上の為、Dy、Tb、Co、Cu、Al、Si、Ga、Nb、V、Pr、Mo、Zr、Ta、Ti、W、Ag、Bi、Zn、Mg等の他元素を少量含んでも良い。図1は本実施形態に係る永久磁石1を示した全体図である。
更に、バインダーに樹脂を用いる場合には、構造中に酸素原子を含み、且つ解重合性のあるポリマーを用いるのが好ましい。具体的には以下の一般式(5)又は一般式(6)に示されるモノマーの内、少なくとも一般式(6)に示されるモノマーを含む1種又は2種以上の重合体又は共重合体からなるポリマー、或いは該ポリマーの2種以上の混合物が該当する。
尚、ホットメルト成形によりグリーンシートを成形する場合には、成形されたグリーンシートを加熱して軟化した状態で磁場配向を行う為に、熱可塑性樹脂を用いるのが望ましい。
次に、本発明に係る永久磁石1の製造方法について図2を用いて説明する。図2は本実施形態に係る永久磁石1の製造工程を示した説明図である。
・塗工方式:ドクターブレード又はダイ方式
・ギャップ:1mm
・支持基材:シリコーン処理ポリエステルフィルム
・乾燥条件:90℃×10分の後、130℃×30分
また、特に磁石原料を有機溶媒中で湿式粉砕により粉砕した場合には、有機溶媒を構成する有機化合物の熱分解温度且つバインダー分解温度で仮焼処理を行う。それによって、残留した有機溶媒についても除去することが可能となる。有機化合物の熱分解温度については、用いる有機溶媒の種類によって決定されるが、上記バインダー分解温度であれば基本的に有機化合物の熱分解についても行うことが可能となる。
(実施例1)
実施例1はNd-Fe-B系磁石であり、合金組成はwt%でNd/Fe/B=32.7/65.96/1.34とする。また、バインダーとしてはポリブチルメタクリレートを用い、溶媒としては酢酸エチルを用い、100gの磁石粉末に対して20wt%のバインダー溶液を100g添加することにより、添加後のスラリー中における磁石粉末とバインダーの合計量に対するバインダーの比率が16.7wt%となるスラリーを生成した。その後、スラリーをダイ方式により基材に塗工してグリーンシートを成形し、更に、所望の製品形状に打ち抜きした。また、仮焼処理は水素雰囲気において600℃で5時間保持することにより行った。そして、仮焼中の水素の供給量は5L/minとする。尚、他の工程は上述した[永久磁石の製造方法]と同様の工程とする。
混合するバインダーをポリメチルメタクリレートとした。他の条件は実施例1と同様である。
混合するバインダーを脂肪酸メチルエステルであるドコサン酸メチル(ベヘン酸メチル)とした。他の条件は実施例1と同様である。
混合するバインダーをポリブチルアクリレートとした。他の条件は実施例1と同様である。
混合するバインダーをポリビニルアルコールとした。他の条件は実施例1と同様である。
混合するバインダーをポリビニルブチラールとした。他の条件は実施例1と同様である。
混合するバインダーをポリエチレングリコールとした。他の条件は実施例1と同様である。
混合するバインダーをポリビニルアセテートとした。他の条件は実施例1と同様である。
上記実施例1~3及び比較例1~5の各磁石内に残存する酸素濃度[ppm]及び炭素濃度[ppm]を測定した。また、実施例1~3及び比較例1~5の各磁石について残留磁束密度[kG]と保磁力[kOe]を測定した。図3に測定結果の一覧を示す。
また、仮焼処理では、バインダーが混練されたグリーンシートを水素雰囲気下又は水素と不活性ガスの混合ガス雰囲気下で200℃~900℃、より好ましくは400℃~600℃に一定時間保持するので、磁石内に含有する炭素量をより確実に低減させることができる。
例えば、磁石粉末の粉砕条件、混練条件、仮焼条件、焼結条件などは上記実施例に記載した条件に限られるものではない。例えば、上記実施例ではジェットミルを用いた乾式粉砕により磁石原料を粉砕しているが、ビーズミルによる湿式粉砕により粉砕することとしても良い。また、上記実施例では、スロットダイ方式によりグリーンシートを形成しているが、他の方式(例えばカレンダーロール方式、コンマ塗工方式、押出成型、射出成型、金型成型、ドクターブレード方式等)を用いてグリーンシートを形成しても良い。但し、スラリーや流体状のコンパウンドを基材上に高精度に成形することが可能な方式を用いることが望ましい。
11 ジェットミル
12 スラリー
13 グリーンシート
14 成形体
Claims (4)
- 磁石原料を磁石粉末に粉砕する工程と、
前記粉砕された磁石粉末と、脂肪酸メチルエステルからなるバインダー或いは下記一般式(1)又は一般式(2)
に示されるモノマーの内、少なくとも一般式(2)に示されるモノマーを含む1種又は2種以上の重合体又は共重合体、或いは該重合体又は該共重合体の2種以上の混合物からなるバインダー或いは前記脂肪酸メチルエステルと前記重合体又は共重合体の混合物からなるバインダーの内のいずれかのバインダーと、が混合された混合物を生成する工程と、
前記混合物をシート状に成形し、グリーンシートを作製する工程と、
前記グリーンシートを非酸化性雰囲気下でバインダー分解温度に一定時間保持することにより前記バインダーを飛散させて除去する工程と、
前記バインダーを除去した前記グリーンシートを焼成温度に温度を上昇して焼結する工程と、により製造されることを特徴とする希土類永久磁石。 - 前記バインダーを飛散させて除去する工程では、前記グリーンシートを水素雰囲気下又は水素と不活性ガスの混合ガス雰囲気下において200℃~900℃で一定時間保持することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の希土類永久磁石。
- 磁石原料を磁石粉末に粉砕する工程と、
前記粉砕された磁石粉末と、脂肪酸メチルエステルからなるバインダー或いは下記一般式(3)又は一般式(4)
に示されるモノマーの内、少なくとも一般式(4)に示されるモノマーを含む1種又は2種以上の重合体又は共重合体、或いは該重合体又は該共重合体の2種以上の混合物からなるバインダー或いは前記脂肪酸メチルエステルと前記重合体又は共重合体の混合物からなるバインダーの内のいずれかのバインダーと、が混合された混合物を生成する工程と、
前記混合物をシート状に成形し、グリーンシートを作製する工程と、
前記グリーンシートを非酸化性雰囲気下でバインダー分解温度に一定時間保持することにより前記バインダーを飛散させて除去する工程と、
前記バインダーを除去した前記グリーンシートを焼成温度に温度を上昇して焼結する工程と、を有することを特徴とする希土類永久磁石の製造方法。 - 前記バインダーを飛散させて除去する工程では、前記グリーンシートを水素雰囲気下又は水素と不活性ガスの混合ガス雰囲気下において200℃~900℃で一定時間保持することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の希土類永久磁石の製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2012800027357A CN103081036A (zh) | 2011-06-24 | 2012-03-15 | 稀土类永久磁铁及稀土类永久磁铁的制造方法 |
KR1020137003391A KR20140037001A (ko) | 2011-06-24 | 2012-03-15 | 희토류 영구 자석 및 희토류 영구 자석의 제조 방법 |
US13/816,327 US20130141195A1 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2012-03-15 | Rare-earth permanent magnet and method for manufacturing rare-earth permanent magnet |
EP12803211.7A EP2685472A4 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2012-03-15 | RARE EARTH PERMANENT MAGNET AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING RARE EARTH PERMANENT MAGNET |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011140912 | 2011-06-24 | ||
JP2011-140912 | 2011-06-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012176511A1 true WO2012176511A1 (ja) | 2012-12-27 |
Family
ID=47422361
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2012/056709 WO2012176511A1 (ja) | 2011-06-24 | 2012-03-15 | 希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130141195A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2685472A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5568106B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20140037001A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103081036A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI465508B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012176511A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017022684A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-09 | 日東電工株式会社 | 希土類磁石形成用焼結体及び希土類焼結磁石 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6439974B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2018-12-19 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | ボンド磁石及びボンド磁石の製造方法 |
DE102021201414A1 (de) * | 2021-02-15 | 2022-08-18 | Mimplus Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Rohmagneten aus einem magnetischen Ausgangsmaterial |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01150303A (ja) | 1987-12-08 | 1989-06-13 | Mitsubishi Steel Mfg Co Ltd | 磁気異方性焼結磁石及びその製造方法 |
JPH09312229A (ja) * | 1996-05-23 | 1997-12-02 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | 希土類系焼結磁石の製造方法 |
JP2009259955A (ja) * | 2008-04-15 | 2009-11-05 | Nitto Denko Corp | 永久磁石及び永久磁石の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3749015A (en) * | 1965-11-09 | 1973-07-31 | Heller W | Apparatus and process for printing |
DE3622826A1 (de) * | 1986-07-08 | 1988-01-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Pulverfoermige schmiermittel-additive fuer bohrspuelungen auf wasserbasis |
US4996022A (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1991-02-26 | Juki Corporation | Process for producing a sintered body |
EP0576282B1 (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1997-09-24 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. | A process for preparing R-Fe-B type sintered magnets employing the injection molding method |
US5427734A (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1995-06-27 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing R-Fe-B type sintered magnets employing the injection molding method |
CN1122287C (zh) * | 1995-06-26 | 2003-09-24 | 住友特殊金属株式会社 | 稀土系烧结磁铁的制造方法 |
TW341707B (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 1998-10-01 | Seiko Epson Corp | Process for producing rare earth bond magnet |
EP0991086B1 (en) * | 1998-04-22 | 2009-07-15 | Hitachi Metals, Limited | METHOD FOR PRODUCING R-Fe-B PERMANENT MAGNET, LUBRICATING AGENT AND RELEASE AGENT FOR USE IN SHAPING THE SAME |
JP2001006958A (ja) * | 1999-06-25 | 2001-01-12 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | 磁石シートおよびその製造方法 |
JP4698867B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-29 | 2011-06-08 | 日立金属株式会社 | R−Fe−B系合金の造粒粉の製造方法およびR−Fe−B系合金焼結体の製造方法 |
US6663827B2 (en) * | 2001-04-13 | 2003-12-16 | Romain L. Billiet | Rare earth magnet rotors for watch movements and method of fabrication thereof |
US20030063993A1 (en) * | 2001-10-03 | 2003-04-03 | Reiter Frederick B. | Metal injection molding multiple dissimilar materials to form composite electric machine rotor and rotor sense parts |
JP3956760B2 (ja) * | 2002-04-25 | 2007-08-08 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | フレキシブル磁石の製造方法とその永久磁石型モ−タ |
JP2004146713A (ja) * | 2002-10-28 | 2004-05-20 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | R−t−n系磁粉の製造方法およびr−t−n系ボンド磁石の製造方法 |
AU2003208617A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-17 | Dow Corning Toray Silicone Co., Ltd. | Thermoplastic resin composition |
JP4872109B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-18 | 2012-02-08 | 日東電工株式会社 | 永久磁石及び永久磁石の製造方法 |
-
2012
- 2012-03-15 WO PCT/JP2012/056709 patent/WO2012176511A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-03-15 EP EP12803211.7A patent/EP2685472A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-03-15 JP JP2012058075A patent/JP5568106B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-15 CN CN2012800027357A patent/CN103081036A/zh active Pending
- 2012-03-15 KR KR1020137003391A patent/KR20140037001A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-03-15 US US13/816,327 patent/US20130141195A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-03-21 TW TW101109747A patent/TWI465508B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01150303A (ja) | 1987-12-08 | 1989-06-13 | Mitsubishi Steel Mfg Co Ltd | 磁気異方性焼結磁石及びその製造方法 |
JPH09312229A (ja) * | 1996-05-23 | 1997-12-02 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | 希土類系焼結磁石の製造方法 |
JP2009259955A (ja) * | 2008-04-15 | 2009-11-05 | Nitto Denko Corp | 永久磁石及び永久磁石の製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2685472A4 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017022684A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-09 | 日東電工株式会社 | 希土類磁石形成用焼結体及び希土類焼結磁石 |
JPWO2017022684A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-31 | 2018-05-24 | 日東電工株式会社 | 希土類磁石形成用焼結体及び希土類焼結磁石 |
JP2021106271A (ja) * | 2015-07-31 | 2021-07-26 | 日東電工株式会社 | 希土類磁石形成用焼結体及び希土類焼結磁石 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2013030739A (ja) | 2013-02-07 |
TWI465508B (zh) | 2014-12-21 |
KR20140037001A (ko) | 2014-03-26 |
JP5568106B2 (ja) | 2014-08-06 |
EP2685472A1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
TW201300449A (zh) | 2013-01-01 |
CN103081036A (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
US20130141195A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
EP2685472A4 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2012176509A1 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
JP5103553B1 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
WO2013137134A1 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
JP5908246B2 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
JP5969781B2 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
JP2013030742A (ja) | 希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
JP5568106B2 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
JP5203520B2 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
JP5420700B2 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
JP5203522B2 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
JP5420699B2 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
JP5969782B2 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
JP5203521B2 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
WO2012176510A1 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
JP5307912B2 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
JP5969783B2 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201280002735.7 Country of ref document: CN |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20137003391 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13816327 Country of ref document: US |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12803211 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2012803211 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012803211 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |