WO2012173260A1 - ループスアンチコアグラント検出用血液凝固時間の測定方法 - Google Patents
ループスアンチコアグラント検出用血液凝固時間の測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012173260A1 WO2012173260A1 PCT/JP2012/065434 JP2012065434W WO2012173260A1 WO 2012173260 A1 WO2012173260 A1 WO 2012173260A1 JP 2012065434 W JP2012065434 W JP 2012065434W WO 2012173260 A1 WO2012173260 A1 WO 2012173260A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/56—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving blood clotting factors, e.g. involving thrombin, thromboplastin, fibrinogen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/564—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for pre-existing immune complex or autoimmune disease, i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid factors or complement components C1-C9
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/86—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood coagulating time or factors, or their receptors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/10—Musculoskeletal or connective tissue disorders
- G01N2800/101—Diffuse connective tissue disease, e.g. Sjögren, Wegener's granulomatosis
- G01N2800/104—Lupus erythematosus [SLE]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/24—Immunology or allergic disorders
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for measuring the blood coagulation time of a test blood sample for the purpose of detecting lupus anticoagulant.
- the blood coagulation time measurement is performed by using a blood coagulation factor activator (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as an activator) and / or a reagent for measuring blood coagulation time, such as Ca 2+ , in the sample blood or the sample blood mixture.
- a blood coagulation factor activator hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as an activator
- a reagent for measuring blood coagulation time such as Ca 2+
- Time from the time of addition to the formation of a detectable fibrin clot blood clotting time: hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as clotting time.
- the formation of a fibrin clot may also be referred to simply as clotting). It is carried out for screening for the presence or absence of abnormalities in the blood coagulation system or for measuring the activity of individual blood coagulation factors.
- Typical examples include blood clotting tests such as prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and thrombin time.
- PT prothrombin time
- APTT activated partial thromboplastin time
- thrombin time a blood coagulation factor
- the blood coagulation factor may be simply referred to as a coagulation factor in the present specification.
- PT is the time from the addition of a mixed solution of tissue thromboplastin and Ca 2+ to the test plasma until coagulation.
- Factor VII, factor X, factor V prothrombin related to the extrinsic system coagulation mechanism It is a comprehensive examination of coagulation activity such as fibrinogen.
- APTT is the time from the addition of a sufficient amount of phospholipid and activator (kaolin, silicic anhydride, ellagic acid, etc.) and a suitable amount of Ca 2+ to the test plasma until coagulation.
- phospholipid and activator kaolin, silicic anhydride, ellagic acid, etc.
- Ca 2+ a suitable amount of Ca 2+ to the test plasma until coagulation.
- Comprehensive examination of coagulation activity related to coagulation mechanism such as factor XII, factor XI, prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen, factor IX, factor VIII, factor X, factor V, prothrombin, fibrinogen Is.
- the abnormality in these blood coagulation tests means that the coagulation time is prolonged.
- Abnormalities in the blood coagulation system reflect signs or results of a tendency to bleeding or blood clot (blood coagulation tendency) in vivo.
- the causes of the prolongation of the clotting time are as follows: 1) deficiency or reduction of blood coagulation factor, 2) presence of antibody against blood components constituting the blood coagulation system, 3) presence of antibody against components in blood coagulation time measurement reagent, 4) Presence of an antibody against a complex of a blood component constituting the blood coagulation system and a component in the reagent for measuring the blood coagulation time, and 5) administration of a drug that inhibits the blood coagulation reaction.
- the cause of the prolongation of the coagulation time is, for example, a decrease in blood coagulation activity due to a lack of coagulation factors, It cannot be distinguished whether an antibody (inhibitor) to a component or the like is a decrease in blood coagulation activity due to inhibition of the coagulation reaction.
- a blood coagulation correction test (hereinafter referred to as “mixing”) is performed in which normal plasma is added to the test plasma and the degree to which the blood coagulation time is corrected (normalized) is graphed to determine the cause of the extension.
- Mixing is performed in which normal plasma is added to the test plasma and the degree to which the blood coagulation time is corrected (normalized) is graphed to determine the cause of the extension.
- Test "or” mixing test ") Non-Patent Document 1).
- a mixing test is performed as follows, for example. Prepare a sample prepared by adding and mixing normal plasma such that the mixing ratio of normal plasma to the test plasma is 0%, 20%, 50%, 80%, 100%, and measure APTT. Do. The results are plotted on a graph (horizontal axis: mixed normal plasma ratio or test plasma ratio (%), vertical axis: clotting time (seconds)), and the cause of prolonged clotting time visually from the shape of the graph Are identified and determined. For example, when the test plasma is deficient in coagulation factor, the clotting time is greatly shortened by adding a small amount of normal plasma (20% in FIG. 1A) and approaches the value when 100% normal plasma is measured.
- a convex curve is shown below a straight line (broken line) connecting the points of 100% test plasma and 100% normal plasma (FIG. 1A). If there is a clotting factor inhibitor in the test plasma, the clotting factor inhibitor inactivates the clotting factor inhibitor in the normal plasma that was added even if the addition rate of normal plasma was increased. The degree of improvement is small, and a convex curve is shown (FIG. 1B).
- LA Lupus anticoagulant
- LA is known as a coagulation factor inhibitor that affects the sensitivity of a blood coagulation time measurement reagent.
- LA is defined as an immunoglobulin that inhibits phospholipid-dependent coagulation in vitro without inhibiting individual clotting factor activity and is not a single antibody. Since the presence of phospholipids is essential for the coagulation reaction, many blood clotting time measurement reagents are usually rich in phospholipids. LA reacts with and consumes phospholipids in the reagent, and as a result, it inhibits the coagulation reaction and prolongs the coagulation time. Therefore, the results of coagulation tests such as PT and APTT become abnormal. Often. However, since LA has different reaction intensity depending on the type of phospholipid (origin, composition of phospholipid, etc.), it is known that LA positive / negative determination results differ depending on the blood coagulation time measurement reagent used.
- warfarin an oral anticoagulant
- warfarin an oral anticoagulant
- the method using the plasma of healthy subjects not only dilutes LA in the test plasma, but also contains substances that interfere with LA measurement (phospholipids, platelet-derived membrane disruptions, etc.) contained in the plasma of healthy subjects. In some cases, it may be added. In particular, when LA is weakly positive, there is a problem that false negative may occur.
- the blood coagulation time is not affected by the deficiency of blood coagulation factors and can detect LA easily and more sensitively than the recommended method of ISTH. Development of a measurement method has been strongly desired.
- the present inventors have determined that the blood coagulation time is measured after adding a specific blood coagulation factor to the test sample (for example, plasma) instead of the healthy person plasma. As a result, it was found that the blood coagulation time for detection can be measured easily and sensitively, and the present invention has been completed.
- a specific blood coagulation factor for example, plasma
- the present invention provides a blood coagulation for LA detection, which comprises measuring a blood coagulation time by adding a buffer composition containing a blood coagulation factor to a blood sample before or during measurement of the blood coagulation time.
- a method for measuring time is provided.
- the present invention also provides an auxiliary reagent used in combination with a reagent for measuring blood coagulation time for detecting lupus anticoagulant, which mainly comprises a buffer composition containing a blood coagulation factor.
- the present invention provides a reagent kit for measuring blood coagulation time for detecting lupus anticoagulant comprising the following (A) and (B).
- B Auxiliary reagent mainly comprising a buffer composition containing a blood coagulation factor.
- vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors such as blood samples derived from warfarin users, vitamin K deficient patients or liver failure patients (cirrhosis, fulminant hepatitis, chronic hepatitis patients, etc.) , And FX
- the presence or absence of LA can be confirmed easily and sensitively. Therefore, the correct treatment policy for patients with LA can be determined.
- it is not necessary to prepare healthy person plasma it is possible to solve the problems that existed in the past, such as the difference between batches of healthy person plasma and the difficulty in stably obtaining it.
- the method of the present invention is particularly noteworthy in that it has become possible to easily and sensitively detect LA that may have been overlooked by the plasma mixing test of healthy subjects. This is a completely unexpected effect that cannot be predicted from the simple idea of replacing the conventional addition of healthy plasma with individual plasma components.
- the method for measuring the blood coagulation time for LA detection of the present invention is characterized in that a buffer composition containing a blood coagulation factor is added to a blood sample before or during measurement of the blood coagulation time.
- the blood sample used in the method of the present invention is preferably whole blood or plasma, and is usually prepared by adding an anticoagulant such as sodium citrate to blood collected from a subject.
- an anticoagulant such as sodium citrate
- the method of the present invention is particularly useful when the subject is a blood sample derived from a subject for which detection of LA has been difficult.
- blood samples include blood samples from warfarin users, vitamin K deficient, and hepatic failure patients.
- the blood coagulation time measurement means may be any phospholipid-dependent blood coagulation time measurement reagent or measurement means sensitive to LA, and the prothrombin time (PT), Known reagents for measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), diluted PT (dPT), diluted APTT (dAPTT), kaolin clotting time (KCT), diluted Russell snake venom time (dRVVT), and the like can be used.
- APTT activated partial thromboplastin time
- dPT diluted PT
- dAPTT diluted APTT
- KCT kaolin clotting time
- dRVVT diluted Russell snake venom time
- the main component of the reagent for measuring prothrombin time is calcium and tissue thromboplastin
- the main component of the reagent for measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is phospholipid
- contact Factor activators negatively charged substances such as kaolin, silicic acid anhydride, ellagic acid
- KCT kaolin coagulation time
- KCT kaolin and calcium
- diluted Russell snake venom time The main components of the reagent for measuring (dRVVT) are Russell snake venom and phospholipid.
- PT measurement reagent examples include Coagpia (registered trademark) PT-S (manufactured by Sekisui Medical), Thrombocheck PT plus (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation), and STA reagent series PT (manufactured by Roche Diagnostics). It is commercially available.
- Coagpia registered trademark
- PT-S manufactured by Sekisui Medical
- Thrombocheck PT plus manufactured by Sysmex Corporation
- STA reagent series PT manufactured by Roche Diagnostics
- Examples of the reagent for measuring APTT include Coagpia (registered trademark) APTT-N (manufactured by Sekisui Medical), Thrombocheck APTT-SLA (manufactured by Sysmex), APTT Liquid RD, and PTT LA reagent “RD” (Roche Diagnostics). Etc.) are commercially available.
- Examples of the reagent form include a dry form which is dissolved at the time of use and a solution form. One or more of these reagents may be combined with a buffer composition (auxiliary reagent) containing the blood coagulation factor of the present invention to form a kit.
- PT blood coagulation time measurement reagent
- APTT blood coagulation time measurement reagent
- dRVVT blood coagulation time measurement reagents
- PT blood coagulation time measurement reagent
- APTT APTT
- dRVVT dRVVT
- dRVVT it is not necessary to perform a mixing test.
- Examples of the buffer solution composition containing a blood coagulation factor used in the present invention include a buffer solution composition containing at least one blood coagulation factor that is considered to be deficient in a test blood sample, such as FII, FVII, A buffer composition comprising one or more selected from FVIII, FIX, FX, FXI and FXII is preferred, and further a buffer composition comprising at least one selected from FII, FVII, FIX and FX Things are preferred. Furthermore, when measuring PT, the buffer solution containing 1 type, or 2 or more types chosen from FII, FVII, and FX is preferable.
- a buffer composition containing one or more selected from FII, FVIII, FIX, FX, FXI and FXII is preferred, and particularly one or two selected from FIX and FX.
- a buffer composition containing the above is preferred.
- the buffer composition containing 1 type, or 2 or more types chosen from FII and FX is preferable.
- the buffer composition of the present invention is added to the test sample, the sample is diluted with the buffer composition, and the blood coagulation factor concentration in the sample is diminished, thereby affecting the clotting time.
- FTT, FXI, and FXII can be included in APTT, dAPTT, and KCT, FVII can be included in PT, and FX can be included in dRVVT.
- the buffer solution a known buffer solution such as Good buffer solution such as HEPES can be appropriately used.
- the pH of the buffer solution may be any pH that does not inactivate the blood coagulation factor contained in the buffer solution composition, preferably pH 6-9, more preferably pH 6.5-8.0.
- the concentration of the buffer solution is preferably 5 mM to 100 mM, more preferably 5 mM to 50 mM, as long as the buffer capacity during storage is maintained.
- the concentration of the blood coagulation factor in the buffer composition is preferably in the range of 0.01 U / mL to 10 U / mL as the concentration of the blood coagulation factor after adding the buffer composition to the blood sample, and further 0 A range of 1 U / mL to 5 U / mL is preferred. What is necessary is just to set the mixing ratio of a blood sample and a buffer solution composition suitably in consideration of the density
- the dilution rate of the blood sample with the buffer composition is preferably 3 times or less, more preferably 2 times or less.
- glycylglycine or glycylglycylglycine disclosed in JP-B-06-050999 may be added.
- you may add a preservative, an ionic strength regulator, etc. suitably, as long as the effect of this invention is not impaired.
- the buffer composition containing the blood coagulation factor is added to the blood sample before or during measurement of the blood coagulation time.
- adding the buffer composition before measuring the blood coagulation time corresponds to pretreatment of the blood sample. That is, the buffer composition is added to a blood sample to pretreat the blood sample, and then the blood clotting time is measured using a blood coagulation measurement reagent.
- adding at the time of measuring the blood coagulation time corresponds to measuring the blood coagulation time by adding the buffer composition to a part of the reagent for blood coagulation measurement.
- it is preferable to add the buffer solution composition to the blood sample before measuring the blood coagulation time because it is easy to ensure the storage stability of the coagulation factor contained in the buffer composition.
- a method for measuring the blood coagulation time for example, a change in transmitted light or a change in scattered light caused by a blood coagulation reaction that occurs when a reagent containing calcium and phospholipid (a reagent for blood coagulation time measurement) is added to a blood sample.
- a method for detecting coagulation can be suitably used by physically measuring the optical change of the sample and the viscosity of the measurement sample.
- the concentration of calcium in the blood coagulation time measurement reagent can be appropriately set according to the type of blood coagulation time measurement method. For example, in the case of the APTT measurement method, it is preferably about 20 mM to 25 mM, and in the case of the PT measurement method, it is preferably 10 mM to 12.5 mM.
- the phospholipid those conventionally used for blood coagulation time measuring reagents can be preferably used.
- the fatty acid side chain of the phospholipid is not particularly limited, but palmitic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid are preferable.
- Examples of the phospholipid include phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine.
- the phospholipid may be a natural product such as bovine brain-derived, rabbit brain-derived, human placenta-derived, soybean-derived, or the like, or one produced by gene recombination.
- the concentration of the phospholipid in the measurement sample is, for example, 1 ⁇ g / mL to 200 ⁇ g / mL in the APTT reagent, 10 ⁇ g / mL to 300 ⁇ g / mL in the PT reagent, and 1 ⁇ g / mL to 300 ⁇ g / mL in the dRVVT measurement reagent. Is preferred.
- the pH of the blood coagulation time measurement reagent can be appropriately set in consideration of the pH when mixed with the buffer composition of the present invention.
- the pH of the measurement reagent itself is pH 6.0 to 8 0.0, more preferably pH 7.0 to 7.6, which can be appropriately adjusted using a buffer used in a conventional reagent for measuring blood coagulation time. Examples of the buffer include, but are not limited to, HEPES or TRIS.
- the above-mentioned reagent for measuring blood coagulation time can contain, in addition to the above-mentioned components, components contained in conventionally known reagents for measuring blood coagulation time.
- components contained in conventionally known reagents for measuring blood coagulation time include activators, snake venoms, tissue factors, and the like.
- activator include ellagic acid, kaolin, celite, colloidal silica, silicic anhydride, alumina, and magnesium.
- Examples of snake venom include Russell snake venom, textarin snake venom, and ecarin snake venom.
- tissue factor include natural and genetically modified tissue thromboplastins such as those derived from rabbit brain, human placenta, and bovine brain.
- the method of the present invention can also be applied to a blood coagulation correction test (mixing test) described in Non-Patent Document 1. That is, the present invention can be applied to a method in which a normal blood sample is added to a test blood sample and the degree to which the blood coagulation time is corrected is graphed and determined. More specifically, for example, a test sample prepared by adding Pooled Normal Plasma (manufactured by Precision Biological Inc; hereinafter abbreviated as PNP) or a buffer composition of the present invention as a normal plasma and diluted 1: 1. And Normal plasma is added to this test sample, a sample prepared by mixing so that the ratio of normal plasma is 0%, 20%, 50%, 80%, and 100% is prepared, and APTT is measured. The results can be plotted on a graph (horizontal axis: mixed normal plasma ratio or test plasma ratio (%), vertical axis: clotting time (seconds)) and visually determined from the shape of the graph. .
- PNP Pooled Normal Plasma
- a blood sample derived from a warfarin user a person with vitamin K deficiency or a liver insufficiency can be obtained only by measuring the conventional blood coagulation time except that the buffer composition is simply added. Even if it exists, the presence or absence of LA can be detected and determined accurately.
- the buffer solution composition containing the blood coagulation factor can be used as an auxiliary reagent used in combination with a blood coagulation time measurement reagent for detecting lupus anticoagulant.
- the combination of (A) an activated partial thromboplastin time measurement reagent or diluted Russell snake venom time measurement reagent and (B) an auxiliary reagent mainly comprising a buffer composition containing a blood coagulation factor is It is useful as a reagent kit for measuring blood coagulation time for coagulant detection.
- Example 1 The test plasma was diluted 1: 1 with the auxiliary reagent described in Table 1 as a sample, and a normal mixing test was performed to compare the shapes of the curves in the graph.
- ⁇ Measurement item> (1) APTT screening test Using PTT LA reagent “RD” (Roche Diagnostics), measurement was performed with an automatic blood coagulation analyzer STA-R (Roche Diagnostics). . The cut-off value described in the package insert of the reagent was used for the determination. The reagent is measured using a PTT LA reagent containing cephalin, which is a phospholipid, and silica, which is a contact factor activator (negatively charged substance), and a calcium chloride solution that is separately manufactured. It can be used in the method of the present invention in combination with the blood coagulation factor-containing buffer composition (auxiliary reagent) of the invention.
- the reagent is composed of a reagent 1 containing Russell snake venom and phospholipid, and a reagent 2 containing Russell snake venom and an excessive amount of phospholipid, and the blood coagulation factor-containing buffer composition of the present invention (auxiliary reagent) And can be used in the method of the present invention.
- Phospholipid neutralization method test A clotting LA (manufactured by Roche Diagnostics) reagent was used, and measurement was performed with a blood coagulation analyzer ST4 (manufactured by Roche Diagnostics). The cut-off value described in the package insert of the reagent was used for the determination.
- auxiliary reagent> Based on HBS (50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 150 mM sodium chloride), the blood coagulation factors shown in Table 1 were added to prepare each auxiliary reagent. All blood clotting factors are available from Haematologic Technologies Inc. The thing of was used.
- Test plasma is plasma collected from a patient receiving warfarin for both A and B.
- the mixed test of both plasmas A and B showed a downward tendency and was LA negative.
- the plasma A is an S-shaped graph that is almost linear, and is convex upward or downward. Such determination was difficult (in the column of normal plasma addition in Table 3, right figure in FIG. 2).
- the auxiliary reagent 1-4 of the present invention was used, the plasma A became a clear and convex graph and could be easily determined as positive (column of auxiliary reagent in Table 3, FIG. 4).
- plasma B was clearly convex downward and could be determined to be negative (in Table 3, column of auxiliary reagent, FIG. 5).
- the negative determination in the mixed test of plasma A was a false negative due to warfarin administration, and it was easily determined that it was actually LA positive. This is not possible with conventional mixing tests or variations of mixing tests.
- Plasma B was positive in the APTT screening test and dRVVT test, but both were false positives due to warfarin administration and could be judged to be LA negative in practice.
- Example 2 A measurement sample was prepared by adding and mixing 0.5 volume of the auxiliary reagent described later to 9.5 volume of the test plasma, and a dRVVT test was performed to determine the ratio of clotting time.
- dRVVT test DVVtest registered trademark
- DVVconfirm both manufactured by Sekisui Diagnostics
- the dRVVT test was performed using a sample incubation time of 216 seconds and the APTT freezing point parameter.
- the cut-off value (t / c) in this example was 1.3 or less, and LA was detected and determined.
- the reagent is composed of Russell snake venom, DVVtest (registered trademark) reagent containing phospholipid and calcium, Russell snake venom, DVVconfirm reagent containing excessive amounts of phospholipid and calcium, and contains the blood coagulation factor of the present invention It can be used in the method of the present invention in combination with a buffer composition (auxiliary reagent).
- ⁇ Buffer composition of the present invention auxiliary reagent> FX and FII were combined so that the concentration of FX was 20 times thicker than the concentration described in the row of Table 4, and the concentration of FII was 20 times thicker than the concentration described in the column of Table 4, and dissolved in HBS.
- Auxiliary reagents were prepared. For FX and FII, Haematologic Technologies Inc. The thing of was used.
- LA positive (+) which may be determined as LA negative (false negative) in the dRVVT test, and (+) plasma of a subject who has warfarin administration (L (+) Even when W (+) plasma) was measured, it was possible to make an original determination of LA positive without being affected by warfarin administration.
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Abstract
Description
PTとは、被検血漿に組織トロンボプラスチン及びCa2+の混合液を添加してから凝固するまでの時間であり、外因系凝固機序に関係する第VII因子、第X因子、第V因子、プロトロンビン、フィブリノゲン等の凝固活性を総合的に検査するものである。また、APTTとは、被検血漿に十分量のリン脂質及び活性化剤(カオリン、無水ケイ酸、エラグ酸など)と適量のCa2+を添加してから凝固するまでの時間であり、内因系凝固機序に関係する第XII因子、第XI因子、プレカリクレイン、高分子キニノゲン、第IX因子、第VIII因子、第X因子、第V因子、プロトロンビン、フィブリノゲン等の凝固活性を総合的に検査するものである。一般的に、これら血液凝固試験における異常とは、凝固時間が延長することを指す。血液凝固系の異常は、生体内での出血傾向又は血栓傾向(血液凝固傾向)の兆候あるいは結果を反映している。
当該凝固時間の延長原因としては、1)血液凝固因子の欠乏又は低下、2)血液凝固系を構成する血液成分に対する抗体の存在、3)血液凝固時間測定用試薬中の成分に対する抗体の存在、4)血液凝固系を構成する血液成分と血液凝固時間測定用試薬中の成分との複合体に対する抗体の存在、5)血液凝固反応を阻害する薬剤の投与などが考えられる。
被検血漿に対して、正常血漿の混合割合が0%、20%、50%、80%、100%となるように正常血漿を添加、混合して調製した試料を準備し、APTTの測定を行う。その結果をグラフ(横軸:混合した正常血漿の割合又は被検血漿の割合(%)、縦軸:凝固時間(秒))にプロットし、当該グラフの形状から視覚的に凝固時間の延長原因を鑑別、判定する。例えば、被検血漿が凝固因子欠乏の場合、少量の正常血漿の添加(図1(A)では20%)で凝固時間は大きく短縮して正常血漿100%を測定した場合の値に近づくため、被検血漿100%と正常血漿100%のポイントを結んだ直線(破線)よりも下に凸のカーブを示す(図1(A))。
被検血漿中に凝固因子インヒビターが存在する場合は、正常血漿の添加割合を高くしても添加した正常血漿中の凝固因子を当該凝固因子インヒビターが失活させるため、正常血漿の添加による凝固時間の改善度合いが小さく、上に凸のカーブを示す(図1(B))。
従って、ワルファリン服用者、ビタミンK欠乏者あるいは肝不全患者においても、血液凝固因子の欠乏の影響を受けず、前記のISTHの推奨法に比べ、容易かつ感度よくLA検出が可能な血液凝固時間の測定方法の開発が強く望まれていた。
また、本発明は、血液凝固因子を含む緩衝液組成物を主成分とする、ループスアンチコアグラント検出用血液凝固時間測定用試薬と組みあわせて使用する補助試薬を提供するものである。
さらに、本発明は、以下の(A)、(B)を含むループスアンチコアグラント検出用血液凝固時間測定用試薬キットを提供するものである。
(A)活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間測定用試薬又は希釈ラッセル蛇毒時間測定用試薬
(B)血液凝固因子を含む緩衝液組成物を主成分とする補助試薬。
これらの試薬の1以上と本発明の血液凝固因子を含有する緩衝液組成物(補助試薬)を組み合わせてキットとすることもできる。
当該緩衝液組成物中の血液凝固因子の濃度は、血液試料に当該緩衝液組成物を添加した後の血液凝固因子の濃度として、0.01U/mL~10U/mLの範囲が好ましく、さらに0.1U/mL~5U/mLの範囲が好ましい。血液試料と緩衝液組成物の混合割合は、緩衝液組成物中の血液凝固因子の濃度を考慮して適宜設定すればよい。緩衝液組成物による血液試料の希釈倍率としては3倍以下が好ましく、2倍以下がより好ましい。
血液凝固時間測定用試薬のpHは、本発明の緩衝液組成物と混合された際のpHを考慮して適宜設定することができるが、当該測定用試薬自体のpHとしてはpH6.0~8.0が好ましく、より好ましくはpH7.0~7.6であり、従来の血液凝固時間測定用試薬に用いられる緩衝剤を用いて適宜調整できる。当該緩衝剤としては、例えばHEPES、あるいはTRISなどが挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。
より詳細には、例えば被検血漿に、正常血漿としてPooled Normal Plasma(Precision Biologic Inc製;以下、PNPと略す)あるいは本発明の緩衝液組成物を1:1で加え希釈したものを被検試料とする。この被検試料に正常血漿を添加し、正常血漿の割合が0%、20%、50%、80%、100%となるように混合して調製した試料を準備し、APTTの測定を行う。その結果をグラフ(横軸:混合した正常血漿の割合又は被検血漿の割合(%)、縦軸:凝固時間(秒))にプロットし、当該グラフの形状から視覚的に判定することができる。
また、(A)活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間測定用試薬又は希釈ラッセル蛇毒時間測定用試薬と、(B)血液凝固因子を含む緩衝液組成物を主成分とする補助試薬との組みあわせは、ループスアンチコアグラント検出用血液凝固時間測定用試薬キットとして有用である。
被検血漿を表1記載の補助試薬にて1:1に希釈したものをサンプルとし、通常の混合試験を実施して、グラフにおけるカーブの形状を比較した。
(1)APTTスクリーニング試験
PTT LA試薬「RD」(ロシュ・ダイアグノスティックス社製)を使用し、血液凝固自動分析装置STA-R(ロシュ・ダイアグノスティックス社製)にて測定を実施した。判定には試薬の添付文書に記載されているカットオフ値を使用した。当該試薬は、リン脂質であるセファリン、接触因子活性化剤(陰性荷電体)であるシリカを含有するPTT LA試薬と、別途、自製する塩化カルシウム溶液を使用して測定を行うものであり、本発明の血液凝固因子含有緩衝液組成物(補助試薬)と組み合わせて本発明の方法に使用することが可能なものである。
(2)dRVVT試験
LAテスト「グラディポア」(医学生物学研究所社製)試薬を使用し、血液凝固自動分析装置STA-Rにて測定を実施した。判定には試薬の添付文書に記載されているカットオフ値を使用した。当該試薬は、ラッセル蛇毒とリン脂質を含有する試薬1、ラッセル蛇毒と過剰量のリン脂質を含有する試薬2、から構成されており、本発明の血液凝固因子含有緩衝液組成物(補助試薬)と組み合わせて本発明の方法に使用することが可能なものである。
(3)リン脂質中和法試験
スタクロットLA(ロシュ・ダイアグノスティックス社製)試薬を使用し、血液凝固分析装置ST4(ロシュ・ダイアグノスティックス社製)にて測定を実施した。判定には試薬の添付文書に記載されているカットオフ値を使用した。
(4)混合試験
PTT LA試薬「RD」(ロシュ・ダイアグノスティックス社製)を使用し、血液凝固自動分析装置CP2000(積水メディカル社製)にて測定を実施した。正常血漿としてPooled Normal Plasma(以下PNP、Precision Biologic Inc.)を使用した。サンプル混合割合は0%、10%、20%、50%、100%に設定し、CP2000のミキシングテスト機能を使用して自動希釈にて測定を行った。判定はグラフを描画し上に凸であれば陽性とした。判定が困難なものは判定保留とした。
(5)混合試験変法
被検血漿をPNPあるいは後述の補助試薬1-4にて1:1希釈したものをサンプルカップにとり、CP2000にセットして(4)と同様に測定を実施した。判定はグラフを描画し、上に凸であれば陽性とした。判定が困難なものは判定保留とした。
HBS(50mM HEPES pH7.5、150mM塩化ナトリウム)をベースに、表1に示した血液凝固因子を添加して各補助試薬を調製した。血液凝固因子は全てHaematologic Technologies Inc.の物を使用した。
被検血漿は、A、Bともにワルファリンの投与を受けている患者より採取した血漿である。
表2に示すとおり、血漿Aは、APTTスクリーニング試験、dRVVT試験、およびリン脂質中和法の全てのLA検査で陽性となった。血漿BはAPTTスクリーニング試験、dRVVT試験にて陽性となった。
被検血漿9.5容量に対し、後記補助試薬0.5容量を添加、混合して測定試料を調製し、dRVVT試験を実施して凝固時間の比を求めた。
(1)dRVVT試験
血液凝固時間測定用試薬として、DVVtest(登録商標)及びDVVconfirm(ともにセキスイ・ダイアグノスティクス社製)を使用し、血液凝固自動分析装置CP2000(積水メディカル社製)にて、測定試料のインキュベーション時間216秒、APTT凝固点パラメータを使用して、dRVVT試験を行った。本実施例でのカットオフ値(t/c)は、1.3以下とし、LAの検出、判定を行った。当該試薬は、ラッセル蛇毒、リン脂質及びカルシウムを含有するDVVtest(登録商標)試薬、ラッセル蛇毒、過剰量のリン脂質及びカルシウムを含有するDVVconfirm試薬、から構成されており、本発明の血液凝固因子含有緩衝液組成物(補助試薬)と組み合わせて本発明の方法に使用することが可能なものである。
FXの濃度が表4の行に記載の濃度の20倍濃厚、FIIの濃度が表4の列に記載の濃度の20倍濃厚になるようFX、FIIを組み合わせて、HBSに溶解し、28通りの補助試薬を調製した。FX、FIIともHaematologic Technologies Inc.の物を使用した。
LA陰性でワルファリンの投与がない血漿:L(-)W(-)血漿として、AKキャリブラントA(シスメックス社製)を、LA陰性でワルファリンの投与がある血漿:L(-)W(+)血漿として、AKキャリブラントD(シスメックス社製)を、LA陽性でワルファリンの投与がない血漿:L(+)W(-)血漿として、Lupus anticoagulant plasma(TRINA社製)を、LA陽性でワルファリンの投与がある血漿:L(+)W(-)血漿として、Lupus anticoagulant plasma(ビジコム社製)を使用した。
結果を表4に示した。
FII、FXとも添加されていない(0U/mL)場合、
L(-)W(-)の血漿は、LA陰性;
L(-)W(+)の血漿は、LA陰性;
L(+)W(-)の血漿は、LA陽性;
L(+)W(+)の血漿は、LA陰性;
と判定され、L(+)W(+)の血漿について、LA偽陰性の結果が得られた。
また、L(-)W(+)の血漿は、LA陰性ではあったものの、t/c値が0.62と異常値を示した。
これに対して、各被検血漿にFII、FXのいずれか1種以上を添加した場合、L(-)W(-)の血漿、L(-)W(+)の血漿、及びL(+)W(-)の血漿の判定結果を維持したまま、L(+)W(+)の血漿のt/c値のみをカットオフ値以上に増加させ、得られるべきLA陽性の結果が得られた。
また、L(-)W(+)の血漿にFII、FXのいずれか1種以上を添加した場合、t/c値が1付近に近づきワルファリン投与の影響を低減できることが確認された。この成績とL(+)W(+)の血漿の成績を勘案すると、本発明の方法を用いるdRVVT試験は、ワルファリン投与中であってもLAを正確に検出できることを示しており、例えば、ワルファリン投与中のLA治療効果のモニター等に極めて有用である。
Claims (9)
- 血液凝固時間の測定前又は測定時に、血液試料に、血液凝固因子を含む緩衝液組成物を添加して血液凝固時間を測定することを特徴とする、ループスアンチコアグラント検出用血液凝固時間の測定方法。
- 血液凝固因子が、FII、FVII、FVIII、FIX、FX、FXI及びFXIIから選ばれる1種又は2種以上である請求項1記載の測定方法。
- 血液試料が、全血又は血漿である請求項1又は2記載の測定方法。
- 血液凝固時間の測定前に、血液試料に、血液凝固因子を含む緩衝液組成物を添加する請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の測定方法。
- 血液試料が、ワルファリン服用者、ビタンミンK欠乏者及び肝不全患者から選ばれる者由来である請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の測定方法。
- 血液凝固時間の測定手段が、活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間又は希釈ラッセル蛇毒時間である請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の測定方法。
- 血液凝固因子を含む緩衝液組成物を主成分とする、ループスアンチコアグラント検出用血液凝固時間測定用試薬と組みあわせて使用する補助試薬。
- ループスアンチコアグラント検出用血液凝固時間測定用試薬が、活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間又は希釈ラッセル蛇毒時間の測定に用いられるものである、請求項7記載の補助試薬。
- 以下の(A)、(B)を含むループスアンチコアグラント検出用血液凝固時間測定用試薬キット。
(A)活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間測定用試薬又は希釈ラッセル蛇毒時間測定用試薬
(B)血液凝固因子を含む緩衝液組成物を主成分とする補助試薬。
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2021099360A (ja) * | 2015-03-20 | 2021-07-01 | 株式会社日立ハイテク | 自動分析装置及び自動分析方法 |
JP7193564B2 (ja) | 2015-03-20 | 2022-12-20 | 株式会社日立ハイテク | 自動分析装置及び自動分析方法 |
US11946941B2 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2024-04-02 | Hitachi High-Tech Corporation | Automatic analysis device and automatic analysis method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR102001662B1 (ko) | 2019-10-01 |
ES2613723T3 (es) | 2017-05-25 |
JP5640189B2 (ja) | 2014-12-17 |
EP2722675A4 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
CA2839125C (en) | 2019-08-06 |
US9970046B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 |
CN103688177B (zh) | 2017-07-04 |
JP2014209134A (ja) | 2014-11-06 |
KR20140033422A (ko) | 2014-03-18 |
US20140127726A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
JPWO2012173260A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
EP2722675B1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
CN103688177A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
JP6025105B2 (ja) | 2016-11-16 |
EP2722675A1 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
CA2839125A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
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