WO2012026357A1 - 太陽電池用基板及び太陽電池 - Google Patents
太陽電池用基板及び太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012026357A1 WO2012026357A1 PCT/JP2011/068540 JP2011068540W WO2012026357A1 WO 2012026357 A1 WO2012026357 A1 WO 2012026357A1 JP 2011068540 W JP2011068540 W JP 2011068540W WO 2012026357 A1 WO2012026357 A1 WO 2012026357A1
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- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/04—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their crystalline structure, e.g. polycrystalline, cubic or particular orientation of crystalline planes
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
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- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
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- H01L31/1804—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar cell substrate and a solar cell that directly convert light energy into electrical energy.
- a pn junction In general crystalline silicon solar cells, it is necessary to form a pn junction in order to separate carriers generated by irradiation with sunlight.
- an n-type silicon layer is formed by diffusing a group V element such as phosphorus on the light-receiving surface side, or when n-type silicon is used for the substrate, boron or the like is used on the light-receiving surface side.
- a p-type silicon layer is formed by diffusing the group III element.
- a silicon solar cell thermally diffuses a phosphorus-based dopant at a temperature of about 800 to 950 ° C. to form diffusion layers on both surfaces of the substrate. If necessary, an unnecessary portion of the diffusion layer is removed to obtain a diffusion layer for a solar cell.
- a silicon nitride film is formed on the diffusion layer as an antireflection film, and a grid-like silver paste is printed on the light receiving surface side, and an aluminum paste electrode is printed and fired on almost the entire back surface. It can be a battery.
- the thickness of the diffusion layer is preferably thin, but if it is too thin, the n-layer portion is likely to be broken by the electrode that is said to penetrate, and the resistance is increased. It becomes impossible to collect current at the electrode part. Therefore, a structure called a selective emitter is used in which the light receiving surface portion is a high resistance layer (low concentration diffusion) with a thin diffusion layer and the electrode portion is a low resistance layer (high concentration diffusion) with a thick diffusion layer.
- the selective emitter is formed by covering the surface of the substrate with a diffusion barrier film such as SiO 2 , removing the diffusion barrier film in a line shape to create a diffusion window, and selectively diffusing the dopant in the region to increase the concentration.
- a diffusion layer can be formed and manufactured.
- the diffusion barrier film is removed and the dopant is diffused over the entire surface including the high-concentration diffusion layer, so that the surrounding region of the high-concentration diffusion layer has a dopant concentration higher than that of the high-concentration diffusion layer.
- a low concentration diffusion layer is used.
- the antireflection film can be a silicon nitride film, a titanium oxide film, or an aluminum oxide film. These films can be formed by, for example, a CVD method.
- the silicon oxide film, silicon nitride film, titanium oxide film, and aluminum oxide film used as antireflection films all terminate defects on the surface of the silicon wafer and improve the characteristics of the solar cell (especially improving the short-circuit current). is there.
- electrode fingers are formed by printing. The position of the finger of the electrode is manufactured by aligning the substrate with reference to the two sides of the substrate and overlapping the high concentration diffusion layer.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and can easily determine the orientation of the substrate, and in the manufacturing process of the solar cell, can easily unify the orientation of the substrate and ensure stable characteristics to manufacture the solar cell.
- a solar cell substrate and a solar cell that can be performed.
- the present invention provides the following solar cell substrate and solar cell.
- a flattened portion or a notch portion is formed at or near one corner portion of a silicon substrate having a square shape in plan view, and one of the other corner portions not facing the corner portion.
- a solar cell substrate in which a notch portion having a shape different from the shape formed in one of the corner portions is formed at or near the corner portion, or a flattened portion is formed at the corner portion.
- Orientation flats or notches are formed in the ⁇ 110> crystal orientation passing through the approximate center of a silicon single crystal substrate having a square shape with rounded corners and a surface of ⁇ 100 ⁇ plane.
- a solar cell substrate. [5] An orientation flat is formed at one corner of the silicon single crystal substrate having a round shape in a square shape with each corner rounded, and one corner of the other corner not facing the corner.
- a low-concentration diffusion layer is formed on the light-receiving surface side of the solar cell substrate according to any one of [1] to [5], and a high-concentration diffusion layer is formed at the finger electrode formation site.
- the position of the substrate can be easily confirmed, the orientation of the substrate can be determined in the solar cell manufacturing process, and defects caused by the orientation of the substrate are suppressed.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a solar cell substrate according to the present invention, in which (a) is a plan view in a state where an orientation flat is formed on a cylindrical single crystal ingot, and (b) is a pseudo square in plan view by cutting the periphery.
- FIG. The other example of the solar cell substrate according to the present invention will be described.
- (A) is a plan view of polycrystalline silicon produced by a casting method, and (b) is formed with a chamfered portion and a notch portion at a corner. It is a top view of a state. It is explanatory drawing explaining the manufacturing method of a solar cell sequentially.
- the substrate is processed into a square or a pseudo-square (a square with rounded corners (hereinafter the same)). 1 (b)].
- the reason for processing the pseudo-square is to reduce the loss of the single crystal due to cutting because the single crystal substrate is made of a cylindrical single crystal.
- a square substrate is used [FIG. 2 (a)].
- the orientation of the substrate is discriminated by making it a shape different from other corners, such as forming a chamfered portion at the first corner of the substrate or a notch at the first corner or in the vicinity thereof. It becomes possible to do.
- a 156 ⁇ 156 mm pseudo-square substrate can be obtained from a cylindrical single crystal ingot having a diameter of 200 mm, and the corner portion has an arc with a radius of 100 mm.
- An orientation flat (planar portion indicating the crystal direction, hereinafter also referred to as OF) or notch is formed in the arc portion. If the number of processed OFs and notches is one, the direction of the substrate becomes clear. If they are combined so that they are not line-symmetric with respect to the diagonal line of the substrate, it is possible to distinguish between the front and the back.
- Embodiment 1 of the Invention A method for manufacturing a solar cell using a silicon single crystal solar cell substrate by the CZ method will be described below with reference to FIGS.
- a method for producing a silicon crystal substrate used for a single crystal solar cell there are an FZ (Floating Zone) method and a CZ (Czochralski) method, and the CZ method is mainly used.
- high purity silicon polycrystal is put into a quartz crucible.
- a group III element such as boron or gallium is doped for the p type
- a group V element such as phosphorus or arsenic is doped for the n type.
- a resistance of 0.1 ⁇ ⁇ cm to 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm, preferably 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ cm to 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm is suitable for realizing a high-performance solar cell.
- a cylindrical single crystal ingot having a plane orientation of ⁇ 100> is obtained by immersing a seed crystal having a plane orientation of ⁇ 100> in the melt and pulling it up while rotating. Both ends of the single crystal ingot are cut and the outer periphery is ground to form a cylindrical block.
- the crystal orientation of a single crystal ingot having a plane orientation ⁇ 100> is measured by X-ray orientation measurement, and the OF or the notch portion is ground in the ⁇ 110> direction which is the cleavage direction through the center of the single crystal [FIG. )reference].
- the peripheral part is cut into a square or a pseudo-square [see FIG. 1B]. The cutting is performed by rotating 45 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 110> direction which is the cleavage direction so as to leave the OF or notch portion.
- the outer dimension of the cut portion is 5 mm or less in order to reduce the loss for forming the OF or notch portion.
- the external dimension refers to the length of a chord that has been flattened if it is OF, and the length of the long side that is notched if it is a notch portion. If the number of processed OFs and notches is one, the direction of the substrate becomes clear. If two or more of them are combined and arranged so as not to be line-symmetric with respect to the diagonal of the pseudo square, there is an advantage that the front and back can be distinguished.
- Carbon, glass, or the like is bonded to a pseudo square quadrangular prism block and cut to a predetermined substrate thickness. If the substrate thickness is about 50 ⁇ m, incident light can be captured in the solar cell, which is advantageous in terms of cost, but in order to have mechanical strength, it is 150 to 300 ⁇ m. desirable.
- the cutting method along the cleavage direction has the problem of causing cracks and chipping. Therefore, it is possible to prevent cracking and chipping at the time of cutting by rotating 45 degrees with respect to the cleavage direction and cutting so that the OF or notch portion comes near the corner or near the corner of the pseudo square.
- the cut substrate 1 [FIG. 3A] is transferred to a cleaning carrier and cleaned.
- a cleaning carrier When a 156 mm square substrate is made from a single crystal with a diameter of 200 mm, there is a difference in diameter deviation of about 0.5 to 0.7 mm with and without OF, and the substrate direction should be aligned visually. Is possible. Further, the direction of the OF and the notch portion may be unified by discriminating the shape of the substrate with a CCD camera and changing the direction to fill the carrier. Thereby, it is possible to eliminate defects due to the substrate direction difference during the process.
- the cleaned substrate is thermally oxidized in a high temperature furnace at 800 to 1,000 ° C. in an oxygen atmosphere to form a thin silicon oxide film 2 of about 3 to 30 nm on the light receiving surface side of the substrate [FIG. ].
- a photoresist material is spin-coated on the light receiving surface of the substrate, and baking is performed at 70 to 100 ° C. for about 20 to 80 minutes. Exposure and development are performed using a glass mask having the same shape as the light-receiving surface electrode pattern.
- the photoresist material to be used either a positive type or a negative type can be used.
- the patterned substrate is a silicon oxide film only in a portion where the photoresist film is removed. 2 is removed, a silicon oxide film missing portion having the same pattern as the light receiving surface electrode is formed, and the diffusion groove 3 is formed. Thereafter, the resist film is completely removed by acetone dip, sulfuric acid boil or the like [FIG. 3 (c)].
- N 2 gas containing POCl 3 is introduced into a high-temperature furnace at 900 to 950 ° C. as a first diffusion treatment on the light receiving surface of this substrate, thereby performing a diffusion treatment 4 using phosphorus of a group V element as a dopant [FIG. d)].
- the oxide film remaining on the surface serves as a mask for phosphorus diffusion, and phosphorus can be selectively diffused.
- the orientation of the substrate and the front and back surfaces can be distinguished by the OF and the notch portion of the substrate. Note that this step can also be performed by a coating diffusion method or an ion implantation method.
- the surface oxide film is removed by etching with a hydrofluoric acid solution of about 1 to 50% by mass [FIG. 3 (e)].
- a hydrofluoric acid solution of about 1 to 50% by mass
- N 2 gas containing POCl 3 is introduced into a high temperature furnace at 800 to 850 ° C. as a second diffusion heat treatment, so that a low concentration diffusion heat treatment 5 is formed on the entire surface using phosphorus of group V element as a dopant.
- the low-concentration diffusion layer 5 is formed so that the sheet resistance is 50 ⁇ / ⁇ or more and 300 ⁇ / ⁇ or less (for example, 100 ⁇ / ⁇ ).
- the dopant is additionally diffused in the high concentration diffusion layer 4 formed by the first diffusion heat treatment, and the sheet resistance is high concentration of 1 ⁇ / ⁇ or more and 50 ⁇ / ⁇ or less (for example, 10 ⁇ / ⁇ ).
- the diffusion layer 4 is formed. This step can also be performed by a coating diffusion method or an ion implantation method as in the first diffusion treatment.
- a coating diffusion method or an ion implantation method as in the first diffusion treatment.
- an antireflection film 6 made of a silicon nitride film is formed on the substrate surface by a plasma CVD method, both for preventing sunlight reflection and protecting the surface [FIG. 3 (g)].
- a back electrode 7 is formed on the back surface of the substrate on which the silicon nitride film has been formed by vacuum deposition or sputtering of aluminum or the like.
- the back electrode 7 is formed with a thickness of, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less (for example, 5 ⁇ m) [FIG. 3 (h)].
- the electrode 8 can be formed by placing an electrode paste on the surface by printing and baking at 500 to 800 ° C. [FIG. 3 (i)].
- the finger electrode is formed on the high concentration diffusion layer. Since a large number of transfer processes are performed, the high-concentration diffusion layer 4 and the low-concentration diffusion layer 5 cannot be visually identified, and the direction of the substrate cannot be determined. Thus, it becomes possible to align the orientation of the substrate, and it is possible to manufacture solar cells with a high yield.
- the CAST method is mainly used as a method for producing a silicon crystal substrate used for a polycrystalline solar cell.
- metal grade silicon fine particles are put together with a dopant into a crucible made of high purity quartz in a casting furnace through a mold release agent.
- the dopant is doped with a group III element such as boron or gallium if p-type, or a group V element such as phosphorus or arsenic if n-type.
- the heater is controlled to lower the temperature from the lower part, and the molten metal grade silicon is hardened from the lower part to form a polycrystalline silicon ingot.
- the crucible is taken out from the casting furnace, and the solid polycrystalline silicon ingot is taken out from the crucible.
- the side surface, bottom surface, and top surface side of this polycrystalline silicon ingot are cut off because of the large amount of impurities. For example, in the case of a 200 mm cubic polycrystalline silicon ingot, the side is cut off by 25 mm, the bottom by 20 mm, and the top by 30 mm.
- the reason why the upper surface is cut off is that the ingot is hardened from below, so that impurities gather on the upper surface due to segregation.
- a flattened portion or a notch portion is formed by grinding at a corner portion of a polycrystalline silicon ingot [see FIG. 2 (a)] with the side surface, bottom surface, and top surface cut off [see FIG. 2 (a)]. See FIG. 2 (b)].
- the outer dimension of the cut portion is 5 mm or less. If the number of processing of the flattening portion and the notch portion is one, the direction of the substrate becomes clear. If two or more of them are combined and arranged so as to be asymmetric with respect to the diagonal of the pseudo square, there is an advantage that the front and back can be distinguished.
- Adhere carbon, glass, etc. to square square block, and cut to a predetermined substrate thickness. If the substrate thickness is about 50 ⁇ m, incident light can be captured in the solar cell, which is advantageous in terms of cost, but in order to have mechanical strength, it is 150 to 300 ⁇ m. desirable.
- the cut substrate 1 [FIG. 3A] is transferred to a cleaning carrier and cleaned.
- a cleaning carrier it is possible to align the substrate direction by visually confirming the formed flattened portion or notch portion.
- the direction of the chamfered part and the notch part may be unified by discriminating the shape of the substrate with a CCD camera and changing the direction to fill the carrier. Thereby, it is possible to eliminate defects due to the substrate direction difference during the process.
- the cleaned substrate is thermally oxidized in a high temperature furnace at 800 to 1,000 ° C. in an oxygen atmosphere to form a thin silicon oxide film 2 of about 3 to 30 nm on the light receiving surface side of the substrate [FIG. ].
- a photoresist material is spin-coated on the light receiving surface of the substrate, and baking is performed at 70 to 100 ° C. for about 20 to 80 minutes. Exposure and development are performed using a glass mask having the same shape as the light-receiving surface electrode pattern.
- the photoresist material to be used either a positive type or a negative type can be used.
- the patterned substrate is a silicon oxide film only in a portion where the photoresist film is removed.
- N 2 gas containing POCl 3 is introduced into a high-temperature furnace at 900 to 950 ° C. as a first diffusion treatment on the light receiving surface of this substrate, thereby performing a diffusion treatment 4 using phosphorus of a group V element as a dopant [FIG. d)].
- the oxide film remaining on the surface serves as a mask for phosphorus diffusion, and phosphorus can be selectively diffused.
- the orientation of the substrate and the distinction between the front surface and the back surface can be made by the flat portion and the notch portion of the substrate. Note that this step can also be performed by a coating diffusion method or an ion implantation method.
- the surface oxide film is removed by etching with a hydrofluoric acid solution of about 1 to 50% by mass [FIG. 3 (e)].
- a hydrofluoric acid solution of about 1 to 50% by mass
- the dopant is additionally diffused in the high concentration diffusion layer 4 formed by the first diffusion heat treatment, and the sheet resistance is high concentration of 1 ⁇ / ⁇ or more and 50 ⁇ / ⁇ or less (for example, 10 ⁇ / ⁇ ).
- the diffusion layer 4 is formed.
- This step can also be performed by a coating diffusion method or an ion implantation method as in the first diffusion treatment.
- the flattened portion and the notch portion of the present invention can distinguish the direction of the substrate and the front surface and the back surface.
- an antireflection film 6 made of a silicon nitride film is formed on the substrate surface by a plasma CVD method, both for preventing sunlight reflection and protecting the surface [FIG. 3 (g)].
- a back electrode 7 is formed on the back surface of the substrate on which the silicon nitride film has been formed by vacuum deposition or sputtering of aluminum or the like.
- the back electrode 7 is formed with a thickness of, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less (for example, 5 ⁇ m) [FIG. 3 (h)].
- the electrode 8 can be formed by placing an electrode paste on the surface by printing and baking at 500 to 800 ° C. [FIG. 3 (i)].
- the finger electrode is formed on the high-concentration diffusion layer ([0031]). Since a large number of transfer processes have been performed, the high-concentration diffusion layer 4 and the low-concentration diffusion layer 5 cannot be visually identified, and the direction of the substrate cannot be determined. The portion makes it possible to align the direction of the substrate and to manufacture a solar cell with a high yield.
- a p-type single crystal having boron as a dopant element Crystal orientation ⁇ 100> A silicon single crystal having a diameter of 200 mm was prepared by the CZ method. After cylindrical polishing of the single crystal, the crystal orientation is measured by X-ray orientation measurement, the OF is ground to the ⁇ 110> crystal orientation, passes through the center of the substrate, and is rotated 90 degrees with respect to the OF position. The notch was ground [FIG. 1].
- the peripheral part of the cylindrical ingot was cut into a pseudo-square block.
- the cutting was performed at an angle of 45 degrees so that the OF processed in the ⁇ 110> direction, which is the cleavage direction, was disposed at the corners, and four sides were cut with an outer peripheral blade cutting machine.
- the carbon was adhered to the pseudo-square square pillar block, and the substrate thickness was cut to 300 ⁇ m with a wire saw.
- the cut single crystal substrate has the shape of FIG. 1B in which the substrate is formed with OF and notch portions. By producing the OF and the notch portion in one single crystal, it becomes possible to distinguish the front surface and the back surface when handling the substrate.
- a silicon oxide film forming a diffusion blocking layer on the surface of the substrate was formed by thermally oxidizing the substrate in an oxygen atmosphere in a high temperature furnace at 1,000 ° C. The film thickness was 30 nm [FIG. 3 (b)]. Then, a positive photoresist material was spin-coated on the surface, baked at 70 ° C. for 20 minutes, exposed and developed using a glass mask having the same shape as the light-receiving surface electrode pattern. In the patterned wafer, the silicon oxide film was removed only in the portion where the photoresist film was removed with a 5 mass% hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, and the oxide film missing portion having the same pattern as the light receiving surface electrode was formed. Thereafter, acetone dip was performed to remove the resist [FIG. 3 (c)].
- N 2 gas containing POCl 3 was introduced into a high-temperature furnace at 950 ° C. to perform diffusion treatment using phosphorus of a group V element as a dopant [FIG. 3D]. At this time, the oxide film remaining on the surface served as a mask against phosphorus diffusion, and phosphorus was selectively diffused.
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Abstract
Description
その中で、クリーンな太陽光エネルギーの活用については太陽電池が主要な技術として注目され、安価で、簡便に、小規模からの発電が可能であるため、太陽光発電は個人の住宅やビル全体で消費するエネルギーの一部を代替する技術として実用化されてきている。
シリコン太陽電池は、p型シリコン基板の場合、リン系のドーパントを800~950℃程度の温度で熱拡散することで基板両面の全面に拡散層を形成する。これを、必要に応じて不要な部分の拡散層を除去して、太陽電池用の拡散層とする。
反射防止膜として用いる酸化シリコン膜、窒化シリコン膜、酸化チタン膜及び酸化アルミニウム膜は、いずれもシリコンウェハ表面の欠陥を終端し、太陽電池セルの特性を向上(特に短絡電流を向上)させる働きがある。
次に、反射防止膜を作製後、印刷で、電極のフィンガーを形成する。電極のフィンガーの位置は、基板の2辺を基準にして基板の位置合わせを行い、高濃度拡散層上に重ねて、作製する。
なお、本発明に関連する従来技術として、下記文献が挙げられる。
[1]平面視正方形状のシリコン基板の角部の一つに平面取り部又は角部もしくはその近傍にノッチ部を形成してなる太陽電池用基板。
[2]平面視正方形状のシリコン基板の角部の一つに平面取り部又は角部もしくはその近傍にノッチ部を形成すると共に、上記角部と対向していない他の角部の一つに対し、上記角部の一つに形成した形状と異なる形状のノッチ部を角部もしくはその近傍に又は平面取り部を角部に形成してなる太陽電池用基板。
[3]各角部が丸味を帯びた平面視正方形状のシリコン単結晶基板の角部の一つにオリエンテーションフラット又は角部もしくはその近傍にノッチ部を形成してなる太陽電池用基板。
[4]各角部が丸味を帯びた平面視正方形状を有し、表面が{100}面であるシリコン単結晶基板のほぼ中心を通る<110>の結晶方位にオリエンテーションフラット又はノッチ部を形成してなる太陽電池用基板。
[5]各角部が丸味を帯びた平面視正方形状のシリコン単結晶基板の角部の一つにオリエンテーションフラットを形成すると共に、上記角部と対向していない他の角部の一つの角部もしくはその近傍にノッチ部を形成してなる太陽電池用基板。
[6][1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の太陽電池用基板の受光面側に低濃度の拡散層が形成されていると共に、フィンガー電極形成箇所に高濃度の拡散層が形成されていることを特徴とする太陽電池。
なお、本発明において角部もしくはその近傍とは、正方形の直角部分又は丸味を帯びた角部の中央部の一点のみをさすのではなく、その周辺部を含むもので、丸味対応部分を含むものである。
本発明においては、この基板の第一角部に平面取り部又は第一角部乃至その近傍にノッチ部を形成するなど、他の角部と異なった形状にすることで、基板の向きを判別することが可能になる。
正方形基板の場合、この平面取り部又はノッチ部を形成するためのロスを少なくするために切断部分の外形寸法が5mm以下であることが望ましい。
擬似正方形基板の場合、例えば、直径200mmの円柱状単結晶インゴットから156×156mmの擬似正方形基板を得ることができ、角部は、半径100mmの円弧となる。この円弧の部分に劈開方向を示すオリエンテーションフラット(結晶方向を示す平面取り部、以後OFともいう)又はノッチ部を形成する。
OF、ノッチ部の加工数は、1個あれば、基板の方向が明確になる。それぞれを組み合わせて基板の対角線に対して線対称にならないよう配置すれば、表裏の判別が可能になる。
以下にCZ法によるシリコン単結晶太陽電池基板を使用した太陽電池の製造方法を図1及び図3を参照して説明する。
単結晶系太陽電池に使用されるシリコン結晶基板の製造方法としては、FZ(Floating Zone)法及びCZ(Czochralski)法があるが、CZ法が主に用いられている。
溶融したメルトに、面方位が<100>方向である種結晶を浸し、回転させながら引き上げることにより、面方位が<100>である円筒の単結晶インゴットを得る。その単結晶インゴットの両端部を切断し、外周を研削して円柱状のブロックをつくる。
次に、円柱を正方形に近づけるために、周辺部を切断し、正方形又は擬似正方形にする[図1(b)参照]。切断は、OF又はノッチ部を残すように劈開方向である<110>方向に対して、45度回転させて切断する。正方形基板の場合、OF又はノッチ部を形成するためのロスを少なくするために切断部分の外形寸法が5mm以下であることが望ましい。外形寸法とは、OFであれば平面取りを行った弦の長さ、ノッチ部であれば切欠いた長辺の長さを指す。
OF、ノッチ部の加工数は、1個あれば、基板の方向が明確になる。それぞれを組み合わせて2個以上を擬似正方形の対角線に対して線対称にならないよう配置すれば、表裏の判別が可能になる利点がある。
切断したブロックをスライスして太陽電池用基板を得る際に劈開方向に沿った切断方法では、割れ、カケが生じる問題がある。そこで、劈開方向に対して45度回転させ、擬似正方形の角部や角部近傍に、OFやノッチ部がくるように切断することによって切断の際の割れ、カケを防止できる。
なお、該工程は、塗布拡散法やイオン注入法により行うことも可能である。
以下にCAST法によるシリコン多結晶太陽電池基板を使用した太陽電池の製造方法を同様に図2及び図3を参照して説明する。
多結晶系太陽電池に使用されるシリコン結晶基板の製造方法としては、CAST法が主に用いられる。最初に、金属級シリコン細粒を、離型剤を介して鋳造炉内の高純度石英製のルツボ内に、ドーパントと共に投入する。ドーパントは目的の導電型、抵抗の多結晶を得るため、p型であれば、ホウ素、ガリウムなどのIII族元素、n型であればリン、ヒ素などのV族元素をドープする。抵抗は0.1Ω・cm以上10Ω・cm以下、望ましくは0.5Ω・cm以上2Ω・cm以下とすることが、高性能の太陽電池を実現する上で適している。そして、ヒータでルツボを1,500℃程度の温度にし、金属級シリコンを溶融させる。
平面取り部、ノッチ部の加工数は、1個あれば、基板の方向が明確になる。それぞれを組み合わせて2個以上を擬似正方形の対角線に対して非対称になるよう配置すれば、表裏の判別が可能になる利点がある。
なお、該工程は、塗布拡散法やイオン注入法により行うことも可能である。
まず、ボロンをドーパント元素とするp型単結晶 結晶方位<100> 直径200mmのシリコン単結晶をCZ法により作製した。単結晶を円柱研磨後、X線方位測定によって結晶方位を測定し、<110>の結晶方位にOFを研削し、基板の中心を通り、OFの位置に対して、90度回転させた位置にノッチ部を研削した[図1]。
2 酸化シリコン膜
3 拡散溝
4 高濃度拡散層
5 低濃度拡散層
6 反射防止膜
7 裏面電極
8 表面電極
Claims (6)
- 平面視正方形状のシリコン基板の角部の一つに平面取り部又は角部もしくはその近傍にノッチ部を形成してなる太陽電池用基板。
- 平面視正方形状のシリコン基板の角部の一つに平面取り部又は角部もしくはその近傍にノッチ部を形成すると共に、上記角部と対向していない他の角部の一つに対し、上記角部の一つに形成した形状と異なる形状のノッチ部を角部もしくはその近傍に又は平面取り部を角部に形成してなる太陽電池用基板。
- 各角部が丸味を帯びた平面視正方形状のシリコン単結晶基板の角部の一つにオリエンテーションフラット又は角部もしくはその近傍にノッチ部を形成してなる太陽電池用基板。
- 各角部が丸味を帯びた平面視正方形状を有し、表面が{100}面であるシリコン単結晶基板のほぼ中心を通る<110>の結晶方位にオリエンテーションフラット又はノッチ部を形成してなる太陽電池用基板。
- 各角部が丸味を帯びた平面視正方形状のシリコン単結晶基板の角部の一つにオリエンテーションフラットを形成すると共に、上記角部と対向していない他の角部の一つの角部もしくはその近傍にノッチ部を形成してなる太陽電池用基板。
- 請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項記載の太陽電池用基板の受光面側に低濃度の拡散層が形成されていると共に、フィンガー電極形成箇所に高濃度の拡散層が形成されていることを特徴とする太陽電池。
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CN201180048928.1A CN103155165B (zh) | 2010-08-26 | 2011-08-16 | 用于太阳电池的基板和太阳电池 |
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PCT/JP2011/068540 WO2012026357A1 (ja) | 2010-08-26 | 2011-08-16 | 太陽電池用基板及び太陽電池 |
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EP (1) | EP2610918B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2012049285A (ja) |
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CN (1) | CN103155165B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2011294367C1 (ja) |
MY (1) | MY157356A (ja) |
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CN105161568A (zh) * | 2013-04-01 | 2015-12-16 | 南通大学 | 一种太阳能电池的选择性掺杂方法 |
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DE102014224679A1 (de) * | 2014-12-02 | 2016-06-02 | Solarworld Innovations Gmbh | Solarzelle |
US10784396B2 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2020-09-22 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Solar cell, solar cell module, and production method for solar cell |
CN204991745U (zh) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-01-20 | 广东汉能薄膜太阳能有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池磨边机和一次清洗机联用的防堵片系统 |
FR3103965A1 (fr) * | 2019-12-02 | 2021-06-04 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Clivage de plaque pour la fabrication de cellules solaires |
CN111029440B (zh) | 2019-12-11 | 2022-01-28 | 晶科能源有限公司 | 一种单晶电池及单晶硅片的制作方法 |
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US20130153026A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
US10141466B2 (en) | 2018-11-27 |
RU2013113212A (ru) | 2014-10-27 |
EP2610918A1 (en) | 2013-07-03 |
AU2011294367A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
AU2011294367B2 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
MY157356A (en) | 2016-05-31 |
CN103155165B (zh) | 2016-01-27 |
KR20130111540A (ko) | 2013-10-10 |
SG187963A1 (en) | 2013-04-30 |
CN103155165A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
RU2569902C2 (ru) | 2015-12-10 |
US20160141438A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
EP2610918B1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
KR101877277B1 (ko) | 2018-07-11 |
AU2011294367C1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
JP2012049285A (ja) | 2012-03-08 |
EP2610918A4 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
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