WO2012056531A1 - 電気加熱式触媒 - Google Patents
電気加熱式触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012056531A1 WO2012056531A1 PCT/JP2010/069094 JP2010069094W WO2012056531A1 WO 2012056531 A1 WO2012056531 A1 WO 2012056531A1 JP 2010069094 W JP2010069094 W JP 2010069094W WO 2012056531 A1 WO2012056531 A1 WO 2012056531A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- noble metal
- support member
- case
- insulating support
- metal band
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 90
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
- F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
- F01N3/2853—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
- F01N3/2871—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing the mats or gaskets having an additional, e.g. non-insulating or non-cushioning layer, a metal foil or an adhesive layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1021—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1025—Rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/104—Silver
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrically heated catalyst provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine.
- an electrically heated catalyst (hereinafter referred to as EHC) in which the catalyst is heated by a heating element that generates heat when energized has been developed.
- an insulating support member that supports the heating element and insulates electricity is provided between a heating element that generates heat when energized and a case that accommodates the heating element.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for providing an insulating mat between a carrier that generates heat when energized and a case that houses the carrier in EHC.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique related to an aggregator that charges and agglomerates exhaust particulates by generating corona discharge in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine.
- the aggregator in Patent Document 2 includes a conductive portion that guides a high voltage to the discharge portion, and an insulator portion that holds the outer periphery of the conductive portion.
- a ring-shaped protrusion protrudes in the radial direction from the outer peripheral surface of the insulator, and an oxidation catalyst layer is formed on the protrusion.
- Patent Document 3 in a filter base material for a diesel exhaust gas purification catalyst, an inflow side oxidation catalyst coating layer containing at least one selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals is formed on the cell partition wall surface on the inflow side cell side. Further, it is described that an outflow side oxidation catalyst coating layer not containing alkali metal and alkaline earth metal is formed on the surface of the cell partition wall on the outflow side cell side.
- condensed water may be generated due to condensation of moisture in the exhaust.
- the condensed water may cause a short circuit between the heating element and the case. Therefore, in EHC, an inner tube sandwiched between insulating support members may be provided so as to be positioned between the heating element and the case.
- the inner tube is formed of a material that insulates electricity and is difficult for condensed water to enter.
- the inner pipe when an inner pipe is provided in the EHC, the inner pipe is formed so as to protrude into the exhaust from the end face of the insulating support member.
- the inner pipe suppresses the condensed water that has flowed through the inner wall surface of the case and reached the insulating support member to the heating element through the end surface of the insulating support member. Is done. Therefore, a short circuit between the heating element and the case due to the condensed water at the end face of the insulating support member can be suppressed.
- particulate matter (hereinafter referred to as PM) in the exhaust gas adheres to and accumulates on the protruding portion protruding from the end face of the insulating holding member in the inner pipe. Since PM has electrical conductivity, if PM accumulates on the protruding portion of the inner tube, there is a risk that the insulation between the heating element and the case may be reduced.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object thereof is to suppress a decrease in insulation between a heating element and a case due to PM in EHC.
- the present invention relates to an EHC having an inner tube installed so as to be positioned between a heating element and a case, and an inner circumferential surface or an outer circumferential surface of a portion of the inner tube that protrudes into an exhaust gas from an end surface of an insulating support member.
- a noble metal band that circulates on the peripheral surface is formed on at least one of the above.
- the EHC according to the present invention is A heating element that generates heat when energized and heats the catalyst by generating heat;
- An insulating support member provided between the heating element and the case and supporting the heating element and insulating electricity; It is a tubular member made of a material that insulates electricity and is less likely to infiltrate water than the insulating support member, and is installed so as to be positioned between the heating element and the case, and an end portion of the tubular member.
- An inner pipe protruding into the exhaust from the end face of the insulating support member By applying a noble metal to the inner peripheral surface or the outer peripheral surface of the portion protruding into the exhaust gas from the end surface of the insulating support member in the inner pipe in a band shape that circulates on the peripheral surface.
- an inner tube positioned between the heating element and the case is provided by being sandwiched by the insulating support member or by being sandwiched between the inner wall surface of the case and the insulating support member. .
- the end of the inner tube protrudes from the end surface of the insulating support member into the exhaust.
- a portion of the inner pipe that protrudes from the end face of the insulating support member into the exhaust is referred to as a “projection”.
- a noble metal band is formed on at least one of the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the protruding portion of the inner tube so as to circulate on the peripheral surface.
- active oxygen is generated.
- the PM deposited on the noble metal band is oxidized by the active oxygen.
- PM deposited at a position in the vicinity of the noble metal band on the inner peripheral surface or the outer peripheral surface of the protruding portion of the inner tube can also be oxidized. Therefore, it is possible to suppress PM from being deposited over the entire end surface of the insulating support member and the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the protruding portion of the inner tube. Therefore, according to this invention, the insulation fall between the heat generating body and case resulting from PM can be suppressed.
- a plurality of noble metal bands may be formed on at least one of the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the protruding portion of the inner tube.
- the plurality of noble metal bands are formed at intervals that can ensure insulation between adjacent noble metal bands.
- the present invention not only the PM deposited on the noble metal band but also the PM deposited near the noble metal band is oxidized by the active oxygen generated in the noble metal band. Therefore, by providing a plurality of noble metal bands, it is possible to secure a longer creepage distance for insulation.
- the interval between adjacent noble metal bands is not necessarily constant as long as insulation can be ensured. Also good.
- the EHC when the end portion of the inner pipe protrudes into the exhaust from both the upstream and downstream end faces of the insulating support member, the upstream protrusion portion and the downstream protrusion of the inner tube.
- Noble metal bands are provided in any of the sections.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the EHC is lower than the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing out from the EHC. Therefore, the deposited PM is less likely to be oxidized in the upstream protruding portion of the inner tube than in the downstream protruding portion.
- the noble metal band formed on the upstream protruding portion may be formed of a noble metal having higher activity than the noble metal forming the noble metal band formed on the downstream protruding portion. According to this, it is possible to further promote the oxidation of PM deposited on the upstream protruding portion.
- the noble metal band may be formed of platinum-based metal in the upstream protruding portion, and the noble metal band may be formed of Ag in the downstream protruding portion.
- the platinum-based metal PM can be oxidized not only by active oxygen but also by oxygen generated when NOx in exhaust gas is reduced. Therefore, oxidation of PM deposited on the upstream protrusion can be further promoted.
- the cost can be reduced compared to the case where the noble metal band is formed with platinum-based metal at both the upstream and downstream protrusions. it can.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electrically heated catalyst (EHC) according to Example 1.
- EHC electrically heated catalyst
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional shape of the direction which cross
- 3 is an enlarged view showing a schematic configuration of a protruding portion on the upstream side of the inner pipe according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows a mode that PM accumulated over the whole surface of the end surface of a mat
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another configuration of the noble metal band according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another configuration of the electrically heated catalyst (EHC) according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view showing a schematic configuration of protrusions on an upstream side and a downstream side of an inner pipe according to a second embodiment.
- EHC 1 to 3 are diagrams showing a schematic configuration of an electrically heated catalyst (EHC) according to the present embodiment.
- the EHC 1 according to the present embodiment is provided in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine mounted on a vehicle.
- the internal combustion engine may be a diesel engine or a gasoline engine.
- the EHC 1 according to the present embodiment can also be used in a vehicle that employs a hybrid system including an electric motor.
- the EHC 1 includes a catalyst carrier 3, a case 4, a mat 5, an inner tube 6, and an electrode 7.
- the catalyst carrier 3 is formed in a columnar shape, and is installed so that its central axis is coaxial with the central axis A of the exhaust pipe 2.
- An exhaust purification catalyst 13 is supported on the catalyst carrier 3. Examples of the exhaust purification catalyst 13 include an oxidation catalyst, a NOx storage reduction catalyst, a selective reduction NOx catalyst, and a three-way catalyst.
- the catalyst carrier 3 is formed of a material that generates electric resistance when heated.
- An example of the material of the catalyst carrier 3 is SiC.
- the catalyst carrier 3 has a plurality of passages extending in the direction in which the exhaust flows (that is, in the direction of the central axis A) and having a cross section perpendicular to the direction in which the exhaust flows in a honeycomb shape. Exhaust gas flows through this passage.
- the cross-sectional shape of the catalyst carrier 3 in the direction orthogonal to the central axis A may be an ellipse or the like.
- the central axis A is a central axis common to the exhaust pipe 2, the catalyst carrier 3, the inner pipe 6, and the case 4.
- the catalyst carrier 3 is accommodated in the case 4.
- An electrode chamber 9 is formed in the case 4. The details of the electrode chamber 9 will be described later.
- a pair of electrodes 7 are connected to the catalyst carrier 3 from the left and right directions through the electrode chamber 9. Electricity is supplied to the electrode 7 from a battery (not shown). When electricity is supplied to the electrode 7, the catalyst carrier 3 is energized. When the catalyst carrier 3 generates heat by energization, the exhaust purification catalyst 13 carried on the catalyst carrier 3 is heated, and its activation is promoted.
- Case 4 is made of metal.
- a stainless steel material can be exemplified.
- the case 4 includes an accommodating portion 4a including a curved surface parallel to the central axis A, and a tapered portion 4b that connects the accommodating portion 4a and the exhaust pipe 2 on the upstream side and the downstream side of the accommodating portion 4a. 4c.
- the passage cross-sectional area of the accommodating portion 4a is larger than the passage cross-sectional area of the exhaust pipe 2, and the catalyst carrier 3, the mat 5, and the inner pipe 6 are accommodated therein.
- the tapered portions 4b and 4c have a tapered shape in which the passage cross-sectional area decreases as the distance from the accommodating portion 4a increases.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape in a direction perpendicular to the central axis A of the inner tube 6.
- the inner tube 6 is a tubular member centered on the central axis A.
- the mat 5 is divided into the case 4 side and the catalyst carrier 3 side by the inner tube 6 by sandwiching the inner tube 6 having such a shape.
- the mat 5 is made of an electrical insulating material. Examples of the material for forming the mat 5 include ceramic fibers mainly composed of alumina.
- the mat 5 is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier 3 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner tube 6.
- the mat 5 is divided into an upstream portion 5a and a downstream portion 5b, and a space is formed between the upstream portion 5a and the downstream portion 5b. Since the mat 5 is sandwiched between the catalyst carrier 3 and the case 4, electricity is suppressed from flowing to the case 4 when the catalyst carrier 3 is energized.
- the inner tube 6 is made of an electrical insulating material.
- the inner tube 6 is formed of a material that is less liable to infiltrate water than the mat 5.
- An example of the material for forming the inner tube 6 is alumina.
- the inner tube 6 is longer than the mat 5 in the direction of the central axis A. Therefore, the upstream and downstream ends of the inner tube 6 protrude from the upstream and downstream end surfaces of the mat 5.
- the portions 6a and 6b protruding from the end face of the mat 5 in the inner pipe 6 into the exhaust are referred to as “projections”.
- An electrode chamber 9 is formed by a space in the case 4 between the upstream portion 5 a and the downstream portion 5 b of the mat 5. That is, in this embodiment, the electrode chamber 9 is formed over the entire outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier 3 between the upstream portion 5a and the downstream portion 5b of the mat 5.
- An electrode support member 8 that supports the electrode 7 is provided in the through hole 4d opened in the case 4.
- the electrode support member 8 is made of an electrical insulating material, and is provided between the case 4 and the electrode 7 without a gap.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing a schematic configuration of the protruding portion 6 a on the upstream side of the inner pipe 6.
- the protruding portion 6b on the downstream side of the inner tube 6 has the same configuration.
- the noble metal band 10 that circulates on the outer peripheral surface is formed on the protruding portion 6 a of the inner tube 6.
- the noble metal band 10 is formed by applying a noble metal (Pt, Ag, etc.) on the outer peripheral surface of the protruding portion 6a in a band shape that circulates on the peripheral surface.
- the interval between adjacent noble metal bands 10 is a predetermined interval W1.
- the predetermined interval W1 is an interval equal to or greater than a lower limit value of an interval at which insulation between adjacent noble metal bands 10 can be ensured. It should be noted that the intervals between adjacent noble metal bands 10 are not necessarily equal as long as insulation can be ensured.
- the catalyst carrier 3 corresponds to the heating element according to the present invention.
- the heating element according to the present invention is not limited to the carrier supporting the catalyst.
- the heating element may be a structure installed on the upstream side of the catalyst.
- the case 4 corresponds to the case according to the present invention
- the mat 5 corresponds to the insulating support member according to the present invention.
- the inner tube 6 corresponds to the inner tube according to the present invention
- the noble metal band 10 corresponds to the noble metal band according to the present invention.
- condensed water may be generated due to condensation of moisture in the exhaust in the exhaust pipe 2 or the case 4.
- the condensed water reaches the catalyst carrier 3 from the inner wall surface of the case 4 through the inside of the mat 5 or the end surface thereof, the case 4 and the catalyst carrier 3 are short-circuited.
- the inner tube 6 is sandwiched between the mats 5.
- the inner tube 6 protrudes from the end surface of the mat 5.
- the inner pipe 6 does not necessarily protrude from both the upstream side and the downstream side of the mat 5.
- the noble metal band 10 is formed on the outer peripheral surfaces of the protruding portions 6a and 6b of the inner tube 6. Then, PM is oxidized and removed by the active oxygen generated by the noble metal band 10. Thereby, it is suppressed that the insulation between the case 4 and the catalyst carrier 3 is lowered due to PM.
- the mechanism of PM oxidation will be described by taking as an example the case where the noble metal band 10 is formed of Pt.
- the noble metal band 10 is formed of Pt
- active oxygen is generated from platinum oxide as shown in the following formula (1).
- PM is oxidized by the active oxygen.
- the noble metal band 10 when the noble metal band 10 is formed of Pt, NOx in the exhaust is reduced by Pt and NO 2 is generated. PM is also oxidized by the NO 2 . Similarly, when the noble metal band 10 is formed of platinum-based metals (Rh, Pd, etc.) other than Pt, PM is also oxidized by NO 2 generated by reducing NOx in the exhaust gas. .
- FIG. 5 is an image diagram showing a state in which PM is deposited on the surface of the protruding portion 6a of the inner tube 6 and a state in which the PM is oxidized.
- FIG. 5A shows a state in which PM is deposited on the surface of the protruding portion 6a of the inner tube 6, and
- FIG. 5B shows a state in which the PM is oxidized.
- PM deposits on the entire surface of the protrusion 6a of the inner tube 6, that is, on the surface of the noble metal band 10 and the portion where the noble metal band 10 is not formed.
- the PM deposited on the noble metal band 10 is oxidized and removed by the active oxygen generated in the noble metal band 10 (in addition to NO 2 in the case of Pt).
- the active oxygen generated in the noble metal band 10 also oxidizes PM deposited at a position slightly away from the noble metal band 10.
- the noble metal band 10 is formed in a band shape so as to circulate on the outer peripheral surface of the projecting portion 6a of the inner tube 6, so that such a creepage distance L1 is reduced. It can be secured over the entire circumference of the protruding portion 6a of the tube 6.
- the total creepage distance L1 secured by oxidizing and removing PM can be further increased. Therefore, according to this embodiment, it is possible to suppress a decrease in insulation between the catalyst carrier 3 and the case 4 due to PM.
- the sum of the creeping distances L1 secured by oxidizing and removing PM is a distance that can sufficiently maintain the insulation between the catalyst carrier 3 and the case 4.
- the number of noble metal bands 10 formed on the surfaces of the protrusions 6a and 6b of the inner tube 6 may be determined. Further, the number of the noble metal bands 10 is not necessarily plural as long as the insulation between the catalyst carrier 3 and the case 4 can be sufficiently maintained.
- FIG. 6 shows a state where PM is deposited relatively thick on the surface of the protruding portion 6a of the inner tube 6. Even in such a case, the PM in the portion in contact with the noble metal band 10 and the portion slightly separated from the noble metal band 10 is oxidized by active oxygen. At this time, since the layer of PM formed on the noble metal band 10 is thick, if there is PM to which the active oxygen generated in the noble metal band 10 does not reach, the PM is not oxidized but on the surface of the protrusion 6a. Will remain. However, the remaining PM is easily peeled off. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the PM is separated by the flow of exhaust gas. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the entire deposited PM layer can be removed.
- the noble metal band 10 may be formed on the inner peripheral surface of the protruding portion of the inner tube 6. In this case, a creeping distance for insulation can be secured on the inner peripheral surface. Therefore, the same effect as described above can be obtained. Further, the noble metal band 10 may be formed on both the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the protruding portion of the inner tube 6.
- the inner tube 6 may be sandwiched between the outer peripheral surface of the mat 5 and the inner peripheral surface of the case 4 without being sandwiched between the mats 5.
- the noble metal band 10 can be formed on the inner peripheral surfaces of the projecting portions 6 a and 6 b of the inner tube 6.
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged view showing a schematic configuration of the protruding portions 6a and 6b on the upstream side and the downstream side of the inner tube 6 in the EHC 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the noble metal bands 10a and 10b are formed on the protruding portions 6a and 6b on both the upstream side and the downstream side of the inner pipe 6.
- a noble metal band hereinafter referred to as upstream noble metal band
- a noble metal band hereinafter referred to as downstream noble metal band
- downstream noble metal formed on the downstream protruding portion 6b.
- the configuration other than this point is the same as that of the EHC according to the first embodiment.
- the downstream noble metal band 10b is formed of Ag
- the upstream noble metal band 10a is formed of a platinum-based metal having higher activity than Ag.
- the combination of the noble metals forming both the noble metal bands 10a and 10b is not limited to this, and the upstream noble metal band 10a may be formed of a noble metal having higher activity than the noble metal forming the downstream noble metal band 10b. .
- the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the EHC 1 is lower than the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing out from the EHC 1. This is because the exhaust gas is heated by the reaction heat in the exhaust purification catalyst 13 in the EHC 1.
- the temperature of the exhaust is low, PM is less likely to be oxidized than when the temperature of the exhaust is high. Therefore, in the inner pipe 6 of the EHC 1, the deposited PM is less likely to be oxidized in the upstream protrusion 6a than in the downstream protrusion 6b.
- the downstream noble metal band 10b is formed of Ag
- the upstream noble metal band 10a is formed of a platinum-based metal having higher activity than Ag. According to this, the oxidation of PM by active oxygen can be promoted also in the upstream protruding portion 6a where the temperature of the exhaust gas is low. As a result, a decrease in insulation between the catalyst carrier 3 and the case 4 due to PM can be suppressed with a higher probability.
- the PM deposited on the downstream protrusion 6b can be oxidized and removed without using a noble metal having a higher activity than the upstream noble metal band 10a for the downstream noble metal band 10b. Therefore, in this embodiment, the downstream noble metal band 10b is formed of Ag which is cheaper than platinum-based metal. Thereby, the cost concerning the noble metal bands 10a and 10b can be reduced while suppressing a decrease in insulation between the catalyst carrier 3 and the case 4 due to PM.
- Electric heating catalyst (EHC) 3 Electric heating catalyst (EHC) 3 .
- Catalyst carrier 4 Case 5 .
- Mat 6 Inner tube 7 .
- Electrode 9 Electrode chamber 10 .
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Abstract
Description
通電により発熱し、発熱することで触媒を加熱する発熱体と、
前記発熱体を収容するケースと、
前記発熱体と前記ケースとの間に設けられ、前記発熱体を支持すると共に電気を絶縁する絶縁支持部材と、
電気を絶縁し且つ前記絶縁支持部材よりも水が浸潤し難い材料によって形成された管状の部材であって、前記発熱体とケースとの間に位置するように設置され、且つその端部が前記絶縁支持部材の端面から排気中に突出している内管と、
前記内管における前記絶縁支持部材の端面から排気中に突出している部分の内周面又は外周面の少なくともいずれか一方に、その周面上を周回するようなバンド状に貴金属を塗布することで形成された貴金属バンドと、
を備える。
[EHCの概略構成]
図1~3は、本実施例に係る電気加熱式触媒(EHC)の概略構成を示す図である。本実施例に係るEHC1は、車両に搭載される内燃機関の排気管に設けられる。内燃機関は、ディーゼル機関であっても、ガソリン機関であってもよい。また、電気モータを備えたハイブリッドシステムを採用した車両においても本実施例に係るEHC1を用いることができる。
本実施例に係るEHC1では、排気管2内又はケース4内において、排気中の水分が凝縮することで凝縮水が発生することがある。該凝縮水が、ケース4の内壁面から、マット5の内部又はその端面を伝って触媒担体3まで達すると、ケース4と触媒担体3との間が短絡する。
PtO2→Pt4++2O2-・・・式(1)
本実施例においては、図7に示すように、貴金属バンド10が、内管6の突出部の内周面に形成されてもよい。この場合、内周面において、絶縁のための沿面距離を確保することができる。従って、上記と同様の効果を得ることができる。また、内管6の突出部の外周面および内周面の両方に貴金属バンド10が形成されてもよい。
[EHCの概略構成]
図9は、本実施例に係るEHC1における内管6の上流側及び下流側の突出部6a、6bの概略構成を示す拡大図である。本実施例においても、実施例1の場合と同様、内管6の上流側及び下流側の両方の突出部6a、6bに貴金属バンド10a、10bが形成されている。ただし、本実施例では、上流側の突出部6aに形成される貴金属バンド(以下、上流側貴金属バンドと称する)10aと、下流側の突出部6bに形成される貴金属バンド(以下、下流側貴金属バンドと称する)10bとが、異なる貴金属によって形成される点が実施例1と異なっている。この点以外の構成は実施例1に係るEHCと同様である。
EHC1に流入する排気の温度は、EHC1から流出する排気の温度に比べて低い。これは、EHC1内において、排気浄化触媒13での反応熱によって排気が昇温されるためである。排気の温度が低いと、排気の温度が高い場合に比べてPMが酸化され難い。そのため、EHC1の内管6においては、下流側の突出部6bに比べて、上流側の突出部6aの方が、堆積したPMが酸化され難い。
3・・・触媒担体
4・・・ケース
5・・・マット
6・・・内管
7・・・電極
9・・・電極室
10・・貴金属バンド
Claims (4)
- 通電により発熱し、発熱することで触媒を加熱する発熱体と、
前記発熱体を収容するケースと、
前記発熱体と前記ケースとの間に設けられ、前記発熱体を支持すると共に電気を絶縁する絶縁支持部材と、
電気を絶縁し且つ前記絶縁支持部材よりも水が浸潤し難い材料によって形成された管状の部材であって、前記発熱体とケースとの間に位置するように設置され、且つその端部が前記絶縁支持部材の端面から排気中に突出している内管と、
前記内管における前記絶縁支持部材の端面から排気中に突出している部分の内周面又は外周面の少なくともいずれか一方に、その周面上を周回するようなバンド状に貴金属を塗布することで形成された貴金属バンドと、
を備える電気加熱式触媒。 - 前記内管における前記絶縁支持部材の端面から排気中に突出している部分の内周面又は外周面の少なくともいずれか一方に、前記貴金属バンドが、隣り合う貴金属バンド間での絶縁を確保することが可能な間隔を空けて複数形成されている請求項1に記載の電気加熱式触媒。
- 前記絶縁支持部材の上流側及び下流側の両方の端面から前記内管の端部が排気中に突出しており、前記内管における前記絶縁支持部材の上流側の端面から突出している部分に形成された前記貴金属バンドが、前記内管における前記絶縁支持部材の下流側の端面から突出している部分に形成された前記貴金属バンドを形成する貴金属より活性が高い貴金属によって形成されている請求項1又は2に記載の電気加熱式触媒。
- 前記内管における前記絶縁支持部材の上流側の端面から突出している部分に形成された前記貴金属バンドは白金系金属によって形成されており、
前記内管における前記絶縁支持部材の下流側の端面から突出している部分に形成された前記貴金属バンドはAgによって形成されている請求項3に記載の電気加熱式触媒。
Priority Applications (5)
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JP2012513112A JP5472457B2 (ja) | 2010-10-27 | 2010-10-27 | 電気加熱式触媒 |
CN201080039426.8A CN102596409B (zh) | 2010-10-27 | 2010-10-27 | 电加热式催化器 |
EP20100856826 EP2634387B1 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2010-10-27 | Electric heating catalyst |
PCT/JP2010/069094 WO2012056531A1 (ja) | 2010-10-27 | 2010-10-27 | 電気加熱式触媒 |
US13/394,825 US8647584B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2010-10-27 | Electric heating catalyst |
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PCT/JP2010/069094 WO2012056531A1 (ja) | 2010-10-27 | 2010-10-27 | 電気加熱式触媒 |
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US (1) | US8647584B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2634387B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5472457B2 (ja) |
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JP6408865B2 (ja) * | 2014-10-28 | 2018-10-17 | イビデン株式会社 | 電気加熱式触媒コンバータ |
FR3103517B1 (fr) | 2019-11-22 | 2021-10-29 | Faurecia Systemes Dechappement | Dispositif de chauffage de gaz d’échappement à élément chauffant en mousse métallique |
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- 2010-10-27 US US13/394,825 patent/US8647584B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-10-27 WO PCT/JP2010/069094 patent/WO2012056531A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-10-27 EP EP20100856826 patent/EP2634387B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-10-27 CN CN201080039426.8A patent/CN102596409B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-10-27 JP JP2012513112A patent/JP5472457B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US20130209321A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
CN102596409A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
JPWO2012056531A1 (ja) | 2014-03-20 |
JP5472457B2 (ja) | 2014-04-16 |
EP2634387A1 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
CN102596409B (zh) | 2014-05-14 |
EP2634387A4 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
EP2634387B1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
US8647584B2 (en) | 2014-02-11 |
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