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WO2012041084A1 - 组合式潜孔锤 - Google Patents

组合式潜孔锤 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012041084A1
WO2012041084A1 PCT/CN2011/076226 CN2011076226W WO2012041084A1 WO 2012041084 A1 WO2012041084 A1 WO 2012041084A1 CN 2011076226 W CN2011076226 W CN 2011076226W WO 2012041084 A1 WO2012041084 A1 WO 2012041084A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
hole
impactor
hole hammer
cylindrical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/076226
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何清华
钱奂云
朱建新
李海舰
邓超
张鹏
Original Assignee
湖南山河智能机械股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN 201010298875 external-priority patent/CN101967955B/zh
Priority claimed from CN 201020550979 external-priority patent/CN201786251U/zh
Priority claimed from CN 201010298838 external-priority patent/CN101949261B/zh
Priority claimed from CN 201020550985 external-priority patent/CN201786252U/zh
Priority claimed from CN 201020550973 external-priority patent/CN201786250U/zh
Application filed by 湖南山河智能机械股份有限公司 filed Critical 湖南山河智能机械股份有限公司
Priority to JP2013530541A priority Critical patent/JP5948333B2/ja
Priority to KR1020137011112A priority patent/KR101746822B1/ko
Priority to EP11827980.1A priority patent/EP2623705B1/en
Publication of WO2012041084A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012041084A1/zh

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/06Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/16Plural down-hole drives, e.g. for combined percussion and rotary drilling; Drives for multi-bit drilling units
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/06Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
    • E21B4/14Fluid operated hammers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combined down-the-hole hammer.
  • Foundation pile construction usually uses a drill to drive a drill bit to drill holes in the formation, and then puts a steel cage and concrete in the hole, and the concrete becomes a foundation pile after solidification; but when it encounters a hard formation, especially a rock formation, it is difficult to drill with a drill bit.
  • an impactor also called a down-the-hole hammer
  • the impactor has a function of high-efficiency drilling in a hard rock layer, it is widely used in mine opening and construction foundation construction.
  • the threaded joint 61, the impactor body 62 containing the piston, and the impact drill 64 with the cemented carbide head 63, are generally ⁇ cp 300 mm in diameter; as shown in FIG.
  • the down-the-hole hammer is connected to the power head of the drilling machine through the hollow drill pipe.
  • the power head drives the down-the-hole hammer to rotate.
  • the compressed air provided by the air compressor enters the impactor body through the drill pipe, driving the piston to reciprocate the drill bit at high frequency, impact energy.
  • the cemented carbide head is transferred to the drill bit to reciprocate the rock to break it.
  • the gas discharged from the rock with the hammer of the downhole is discharged through the annular gap between the drill pipe and the wall of the hole, and finally the pile hole is formed.
  • the large-diameter integral type DTH hammer has high processing requirements, high manufacturing difficulty, easy quality problems and high manufacturing cost;
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,429,439 discloses another cluster type down-the-hole hammer; as shown in Fig. 17, five small-diameter impactors are bundled together by the frame to form a large diameter.
  • the down-the-hole hammer is connected to the drill pipe and the intake pipe by a taper threaded joint, and distributes compressed air to each small impactor through a transverse air path to drive the impact punching operation.
  • the shortcomings of this clustered down-the-hole hammer are:
  • the impactor of the center is different from the surrounding impactor under the same rotating condition, and the impact frequency (work) should be different, but the air pressure in the gas path is the same, the flow rate It is evenly divided, does not have an adjustment function, cannot effectively use energy, and has low efficiency.
  • the outer peripheral portion of the impact drill disposed on the outer peripheral small-diameter impactor has different circumferential linear velocity from the inner portion, and the work is different, and the wear of the cemented carbide head distributed on the impact drill bit is different. Also, the outer hard alloy head wears faster than the inner side, the work is uneven, and the overall service life is low. 4. Due to the large diameter and heavy mass of the bundled down-the-hole hammer, the joint rotation requires the overall rotation, and requires a large torque to tighten the bundled down-hole hammer to achieve the required sealing performance, which is inconvenient to install and disassemble in the field.
  • the present invention is directed to a combined down-the-hole hammer to solve at least one of the above problems in the prior art.
  • the invention provides a combined down-the-hole hammer, comprising: a coupling for connecting with a drill pipe, a first gas passage is arranged inside; a bracket body; a plurality of impactors, mounted on the bracket body, each impactor a second gas passage is provided, and the impact drill of each impactor is rotatable about its own axis; a gas distribution device is connected between the coupling and the support body, and the gas separation device is provided with a gas collection chamber communicating with the first gas passage and A plurality of gas separation paths that connect the gas collection chambers to the second gas passages of the respective impactors.
  • the impactor comprises: an impactor body mounted to the inside of the bracket body, and the piston body of the impactor body is provided with a piston cavity for mounting the impact piston; the impact drill bit mounted to the lower end of the piston cavity, the impact drill bit and the impactor body are axially The movement is rotatably fitted in a circumferential direction.
  • the impact drill includes a connected impact head and a guide shaft; the upper portion of the guide shaft is provided with a limiting recess extending in the axial direction, and the limiting recess is sleeved with a limiting ring; the guiding shaft is inserted into the piston cavity, and the limit is The ring is limited by a positioning table disposed on the inner wall of the piston chamber and a guide sleeve mounted to the lower port of the piston chamber; the guide sleeve is disposed on the guide shaft.
  • the axis of the at least one second gas passage of each of the second gas passages of each impactor is parallel to the axis of the first gas passage, and the plurality of second gas passages communicate with the gas separation of the at least one second gas passage and the plenum
  • the axis of the road is a smooth transition curve.
  • an air flow adjusting device is disposed on at least one of the air separation paths. Further, each of the air separation paths is respectively connected to the top of the corresponding second gas passage through the contraction-shaped transition air holes; the air flow adjusting device is a damping adjustment ring disposed at each of the transition air holes.
  • the coupler includes a cylindrical connecting body forming a first gas passage, and the drill pipe is provided with a mounting hole that cooperates with the cylindrical connecting body, and the cylindrical connecting body and the drill pipe pass through the pin which is disposed between the two Shaft connection; a sealing structure is arranged between the cylindrical connecting body and the mounting hole.
  • the pin shaft is at least two; the outer side wall of the cylindrical connecting body is formed with a rotation preventing table; the outer side wall of the cylindrical connecting body is provided with a horizontally extending first concave hole, and the drill pipe is horizontally extended and a second recessed hole intersecting the mounting hole, the pin being mounted in the second recessed hole and passing through the first recessed hole.
  • the bracket body includes a cylindrical casing and an upper plate connected to an upper portion of the cylindrical casing, and a bottom plate connected to a lower portion of the cylindrical casing; and a positioning hole for mounting each impactor is disposed on the upper plate and the bottom plate;
  • the upper end of the device has a cylindrical joint, the cylindrical joint has an inner hole forming a part of the second gas passage, the inner hole is connected with the air separation path, the outer circumference of the cylindrical joint is provided with a positioning ring groove, and the positioning of the cylindrical joint from the upper plate The hole is pierced and positioned by a positioning ring that is sleeved on the positioning ring groove.
  • the positioning ring is a split positioning ring, and the positioning ring jacket is provided with a limiting sleeve, and the upper limit of the limiting sleeve is limited by the retaining ring and the retaining spring.
  • a sealing groove is further disposed on the outer circumference of the cylindrical joint, and the sealing groove is located above the positioning ring groove.
  • each impactor and the bottom plate are matched by a keyway and a connecting key; a sealed dustproof structure is arranged between the bottom plate and the impactor; the upper port of the cylindrical casing is sealed with the lower end surface of the gas distributing device, and the lower part of the gas distributing device A transition plate with a hole is provided between the end surface and the upper plate.
  • a large-diameter combined DTH hammer consists of several small-diameter impactors with reasonable structure, simple manufacturing process, easy maintenance and low cost.
  • the impact drill bit of each impactor can rotate around its own axis while rotating, so that the wear of the cemented carbide head on the impact drill bit tends to be balanced, which can be improved. Work efficiency and service life.
  • the axis of the air separation path connecting the at least one second gas passage and the plenum in the plurality of gas separation paths is a smooth transition curve, so that the pressure loss of the compressed air in the second gas passage delivered to the peripheral impactors is small. , efficient.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a front view structure of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a view schematically showing a front cross-sectional structure of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a view schematically showing the bottom view structure of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a front view structure of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a view schematically showing a front cross-sectional structure of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a view schematically showing the bottom view structure of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a front view structure of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a view schematically showing a front cross-sectional structure of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a view schematically showing a connection structure of a first embodiment of the present invention and a drill pipe;
  • Fig. 6 is a view schematically showing a connection structure of a first embodiment of the present invention with an auger rod;
  • Fig. 7 is a view schematically showing the present invention The front view structure of the second embodiment;
  • Fig. 8 is a view schematically showing the bottom view structure of the second embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 9 is a view schematically showing the front view of the impactor of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 shows a schematic diagram of the working flow of the combined down-the-hole hammer according to the present invention;
  • Figure 16 shows the structure of the prior art down-the-hole hammer;
  • Figure 17 shows the prior art combined down-the-hole hammer Main view structure and G direction view.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.
  • the combined down-the-hole hammer includes a coupler 1, a gas distributor 2, a support body 3, and an impactor 4.
  • the coupler 1 is for connection to the drill pipe 5 and is internally provided with a first gas passage 10.
  • the first gas passage 10 is in communication with the air passage of the drill pipe 5.
  • the gas separation device 2 is connected between the coupler 1 and the holder body 3.
  • a plurality of impactors 4 are mounted on the bracket body 3, and each of the impactors 4 is provided with a second gas passage 40.
  • the impactor 4 includes a body 42 and a hammer bit 45 having a cemented carbide head 44 thereon.
  • the gas separation device 2 is provided with a gas collection chamber 21 communicating with the first gas passage 10 and a plurality of gas separation passages for communicating the gas collection chamber 21 with the second gas passages 40 of the respective impactors 4, respectively. twenty two.
  • the coupling 1, the gas dividing device 2 and the bracket body 3 can be connected in the following manner, and the first flange 12 is provided at the lower end of the coupling 1, and the upper end of the first flange and the gas distributing device 2 is passed through the bolt 27 or Screw connection.
  • a second flange 24 is provided at the lower end of the gas separation device 2, and the second flange 24 is connected to the upper end of the holder body 3 by bolts 37 or screws.
  • a seal ring 25 is installed between the coupler 1 and the air separation device 2.
  • the number of the impactors 4 is five, one of which is centrally disposed, and the other four impactors are evenly arranged around the middle of the impactor.
  • the second gas passage of the intermediate impactor 4 coincides with the axis of the first gas passage 10, and the second gas of the other four impactors 4
  • the axis of the passage is parallel to the axis of the first gas passage 10, and the second gas passage communicating with the intermediate portion and the gas separation passage of the plenum 21 are straight-through structures, and the four second gas passages and the plenum chamber 21 are connected to each other.
  • the axis of the gas path 22 is a smooth transition curve, that is, a large curvature gas path structure, which can effectively reduce the loss caused by the process of shunting the compressed gas to the surrounding four impactors, and overcome the prior art cluster type down-the-hole hammer direction.
  • the compressed air enters the air passage of each impactor through the transverse air passage, and the pressure loss and the low efficiency caused by the near-right angle of the corner of the transverse air passage and the peripheral impactor air passages are transmitted to the periphery.
  • the pressure loss of the compressed air in the second gas passage of each impactor is small, thereby improving the construction efficiency of the down-the-hole hammer.
  • an air flow adjusting device 26 is disposed on the intermediate air separation path 22, and the air supply parameters (including gas pressure and gas flow rate) of the impactor at the central position can be controlled and adjusted to effectively improve Compressed air utilization efficiency saves energy.
  • the coupler 1 further includes a cylindrical connecting body 11 forming a first gas passage, and the drill rod 5 is provided with a mounting hole 51 cooperating with the cylindrical connecting body, the cylindrical connection
  • the body 11 and the drill pipe 5 are connected by a pin 13 which is disposed between the two, and a sealing structure 14 is arranged between the cylindrical connecting body 11 and the mounting hole 51, so that the combined DTH hammer and the drill pipe 5 are installed.
  • the utility model has the advantages of convenient disassembly and reliable sealing of the gas path, and overcomes the connection in the prior art that the down-the-hole hammer and the drill pipe 5 are connected by a taper threaded joint, and the whole rotary dTH hammer is required for connection, and a large torque tightening is required. It ensures the sealing between the DTH hammer and the drill pipe, and the inconvenience of on-site installation and disassembly.
  • the sealing structure 14 is a sealing jaw disposed at the upper end of the cylindrical connecting body 11, and the upper end edge of the cylindrical connecting body 11 is chamfered, so that the air passage sealing effect is better and the cost is relatively slim.
  • the pins 13 are at least two.
  • the pin shafts 13 are two and are symmetrically disposed on the same horizontal plane.
  • the cylindrical connecting body 11 has a regular hexagonal cross section, and accordingly, the mounting hole 51 is an inner hexagonal hole.
  • Each side surface of the cylindrical connecting body 11 forms a rotation preventing table surface for preventing the cylindrical connecting body from rotating relative to the drill pipe 5.
  • the outer side wall of the cylindrical connecting body 11 is provided with a horizontally extending first recessed hole, and the drill rod 5 is provided with a second recessed hole horizontally extending and intersecting the mounting hole 51, and the pin shaft 13 is installed in the second recessed hole and Through the first recessed hole, the purpose of connecting the cylindrical connecting body 11 with the drill pipe 5 is achieved, and the mounting hole of the pin shaft 13 is facilitated.
  • the bracket body 3 includes a cylindrical casing 36 and an upper plate 35 connected to the upper portion of the cylindrical casing 36 and a bottom plate 34 connected to the lower portion of the cylindrical casing 36.
  • Positioning holes for mounting the respective impactors 4 are provided on the upper plate 35 and the bottom plate 34.
  • the upper end of the impactor 4 (i.e., the upper end of the impactor body 42) has a cylindrical joint 41 having an inner bore forming a portion of the second gas passage, the inner bore being connected to the gas dividing passage 22, and the cylindrical joint 41 Positioning ring groove is provided on the outer circumference, cylindrical joint 41 It is pierced from the positioning hole of the upper plate 35 and positioned by a positioning ring 61 that is sleeved on the positioning ring groove. In order to ensure the airtightness of the air passage, a seal ring 9 is attached to the end of the cylindrical joint 41.
  • the upper port of the cylindrical casing 36 is sealingly engaged with the lower end surface of the gas distributing device 2, and a transition plate 31 with a hole is disposed between the lower end surface of the gas distributing device 2 and the upper plate 35, and the positioning ring 61 is located at the transition plate In the hole on the 31, to enhance the structural stability of the combined DTH hammer.
  • each impactor 4 and the bottom plate 34 are engaged by a keyway 32 and a connecting key 43.
  • a sealed dustproof structure 33 is disposed between the bottom plate 34 and the impactor 4.
  • the sealed dustproof structure 33 is, for example, a dust mites in the positioning holes of the bottom plate 34.
  • a second preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, which differs from the first preferred embodiment described above in that the impactor 4 is six, and the second gas passages 40 of the six impactors 4 are The axes of the two are parallel to the first gas passage 10, and the gas passages 22 connecting the gas collection chamber 21 and the second gas passage 40 of each of the impactors are both large curvature gas passage structures.
  • each of the air separation passages 22 is connected to the top of the corresponding second gas passage 40 by a contraction-shaped transition air hole 20, respectively.
  • the air flow adjusting device 26 is a damping adjusting ring provided in each of the transition air holes 20.
  • the damping adjustment ring 26 corresponding to each air separation path 22 can select different specifications of the damping adjustment ring to properly distribute the airflow, effectively utilize the energy, and further improve the punching. effectiveness.
  • the impactor 4 includes an impactor body 42 and an impact drill 45.
  • the impactor body 42 is mounted to the inside of the bracket body 3, and a piston chamber for mounting the impact piston 410 is provided in the impactor body 42.
  • the impact drill 45 is mounted from the lower end into the piston chamber, and the impact drill 45 and the impactor body 42 are axially movable and rotatably rotatably engaged.
  • the impact drill 45 of each impactor 4 can also rotate around its own axis while being revolved, so that the cemented carbide head 44 on the impact drill 45 tends to wear. Balanced to increase work efficiency and service life.
  • the impact drill 45 includes an associated impact head 451 and a guide shaft 49 to which the cemented carbide head 44 is mounted.
  • the upper portion of the guide shaft 49 is provided with a limiting recess 401 extending in the axial direction, and the limiting recess 401 is sleeved with a limiting ring 48.
  • the guide shaft 49 is inserted into the piston chamber from the lower end, and the retaining ring 48 is limited by a positioning table disposed on the inner wall of the piston chamber and a guide sleeve 47 mounted to the lower port of the piston chamber, and the guide sleeve 47 is sleeved on the guide shaft 49.
  • the limiting ring 48 is a split limiting ring.
  • the positioning ring 61 installed in the positioning ring groove 411 of the cylindrical joint 41 is a split positioning ring, and a limiting sleeve 62 is further disposed outside the positioning ring 61, and the limiting sleeve 62 is Top pass The stop 63 and the snap spring 64 are limited.
  • a sealing groove 412 is provided on the outer circumference of the cylindrical joint 41, and the sealing groove 412 is located above the positioning ring groove 410 to ensure the sealing of the gas path.
  • Step 2 Before the combined down-the-hole hammer 100 is inserted into the cylindrical drill pipe 5 or the auger shaft 5 by means of the two pins 13 and the sealing jaws 14, the output speed according to the drill head 7 and the rig air supply system 8 are obtained.
  • the parameter adjusts the adjusting device 26 in the plenum 21 of the combined down-the-hole hammer 100 to a set value, and the airflow is properly distributed to effectively utilize the energy and improve the punching efficiency.
  • the combined DTH hammer according to the present invention is matched with the combined DTH hammer by using the auger drill rod. Under the same gas supply condition, the slagging effect is better, the deep hole can be drilled, and the construction efficiency is more High, more economical. It is especially suitable for the high-efficiency construction of large diameter ( ⁇ 500 ⁇ cp800mm and > ⁇ 1000mm) foundation piles in hard formations, especially rock formations.
  • the present invention provides a combined down-the-hole hammer with low cost, reasonable structure, easy maintenance, convenient installation and disassembly, reliable sealing, efficient use of energy, and high punching efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

组合式潜孔锤 技术领域 本发明涉及一种组合式潜孔锤。 背景技术 基础桩施工通常使用钻机驱动钻头在地层钻孔, 然后在孔中放钢筋笼、 灌 混凝土, 混凝土凝固后成为基础桩; 但遇到硬质地层特别是岩层时, 用钻头钻 孔很困难, 而要使用一种冲击器 (也称潜孔锤)进行冲击打孔, 由于冲击器具 有在硬质岩层高效率打孔的功能, 因而在矿山开釆、 建筑基础施工中被广泛地 使用。 这种被公知的(如科学出版社出版的《中国釆矿设备手册-上册》第 1章第 66页〜第 68页发表的) 冲击器, 也被业内通称为整体式潜孔锤, 由锥螺紋接 头 61,、 含有活塞的冲击器本体 62,、 带有硬质合金头 63,的冲击钻头 64,组成, 其直径一般≤cp300mm; 如附图 16所示。 施工时潜孔锤通过空心钻杆与钻机的 动力头连接, 动力头驱动潜孔锤旋转, 由空压机提供的压缩空气通过钻杆进入 冲击器本体, 驱动活塞高频率往复打击钻头, 冲击能量转递给钻头硬质合金头 往复冲击岩石使之破碎, 岩石的碎渣随潜孔锤排出的气体通过钻杆与孔壁之间 的环状间隙排出, 最终形成桩孔。 其优点是: 在硬质地层特别是岩层能高效率打孔, 但随着桩基础施工行业 的发展, 对大直径基础桩 ( φ500 ~ (p800mm以及〉 φ 1000mm )打孔有更多的需 求时, 这种整体式潜孔锤表现出以下不足:
1、 大直径整体式潜孔锤加工工艺要求高、 制造难度大、 易出质量问题、 制造成本较高;
2、 由于体积大又重, 维护修理不便, 工作中一旦钻头上某个合金头破损, 就必须整体拆下返^ ί'爹, 即耽误工期, 费用也较高;
3、 由于直径大、 质量重, 以锥螺紋接头的方式连接需要整体旋转, 而且 需要很大的扭矩才能拧紧使之达到所需密封性, 在现场安装拆卸不便。 为解决大直径整体式潜孔锤的上述不足, 美国专利: US 4429439公告了另 一种集束式潜孔锤; 如图 17所示, 5个小直径的冲击器借助框架集束在一起构 成大直径的潜孔锤, 由锥螺紋接头与钻杆及进气路连接, 并通过横向气路将压 缩空气分配到各个小冲击器, 驱动其进行冲击打孔作业。 但这种集束潜孔锤的不足之处是:
1、 压缩空气由横向气路进入冲击器时拐角近乎直角, 压力损失大, 效率 低。
2、 按照小直径冲击器的布置, 中心的冲击器比周边的冲击器在同样旋转 条件下, 所覆盖的打孔面积不同, 冲击频率 (做功)应不同, 但其气路中气压 相同、 流量均分, 不具有调节功能, 不能有效利用能量, 效率低。
3、 当集束潜孔锤旋转打孔时, 布置在外周的小直径冲击器上的冲击钻头 的外侧部位与内侧部位的圓周线速度不同, 做功不同, 冲击钻头上分布的硬质 合金头的磨损也不同, 外侧的硬质合金头的磨损要比内侧快, 工作不均衡、 而 且整体使用寿命低。 4、 由于集束潜孔锤直径大、 质量重, 同样以锥螺紋接头的方式连接需要 整体旋转, 而且需要很大的扭矩才能拧紧使集束潜孔锤达到所需密封性, 在现 场安装拆卸不便。
5、 当冲击钻头外侧磨损出现时, 需要将布置在外周的小直径冲击器都拆 卸下来, 旋转 180度再安装回去, 这样虽可以解决磨损不均衡的问题, 但在现 场安装拆卸不便, 而且也会影响施工进度。 发明内容 本发明旨在提供一种组合式潜孔锤, 以解决现有技术中存在的至少一个上 述问题。 本发明提供了一种组合式潜孔锤, 包括: 联结器, 用于和钻杆连接, 内部 设有第一气体通道; 支架体; 多个冲击器, 安装至支架体上, 各冲击器均设有 第二气体通道, 且各冲击器的冲击钻头可绕自身轴线转动; 分气装置, 连接在 联结器和支架体之间, 分气装置设有与第一气体通道连通的集气室和使集气室 分别与各冲击器的第二气体通道连通的多个分气路。 进一步地, 冲击器包括: 安装至支架体内部的冲击器本体, 且冲击器本体 内设有用于安装冲击活塞的活塞腔; 安装至活塞腔下端的冲击钻头, 冲击钻头 与冲击器本体可轴向移动和可周向转动地配合。 进一步地, 冲击钻头包括相连接的冲击头部和导向轴; 导向轴上部设有沿 轴向延伸的限位凹部, 限位凹部上套设有限位环; 导向轴插入活塞腔内, 且限 位环由设置在活塞腔内壁的定位台和安装至活塞腔下端口的导向套限位; 导向 套套设在导向轴上。 进一步地, 各冲击器的第二气体通道中至少一个第二气体通道的轴线与第 一气体通道的轴线相平行, 多个分气路中连通至少一个第二气体通道和集气室 的分气路的轴线为圓滑过渡的曲线。 进一步地, 在至少一个分气路上设置有气流调节装置。 进一步地, 各分气路分别通过收缩形的过渡气孔与对应的第二气体通道的 顶部连接; 气流调节装置为设置在各过渡气孔处的阻尼调节环。 进一步地, 联结器包括形成第一气体通道的柱形连接体, 钻杆上设有与柱 形连接体相配合的安装孔, 柱形连接体与钻杆通过穿设在二者之间的销轴连 接; 柱形连接体与安装孔之间设有密封结构。 进一步地, 销轴至少为两个; 柱形连接体的外侧壁上形成有止转台面; 柱 形连接体的外侧壁上设置有水平延伸的第一凹孔, 钻杆上设置有水平延伸并与 安装孔相交的第二凹孔, 销轴安装在第二凹孔中并通过第一凹孔。 进一步地, 支架体包括筒形壳体和连接在筒形壳体上部的上板、 连接在筒 形壳体下部的底板; 上板和底板上均设有用于安装各冲击器的定位孔; 冲击器 的上端具有柱形接头, 柱形接头具有形成第二气体通道一部分的内孔, 内孔与 分气路连接, 柱形接头的外周上设置有定位环槽, 柱形接头从上板的定位孔穿 出, 并通过套设在定位环槽上的定位环定位。 进一步地, 定位环为对开的定位环, 定位环外套设有限位套, 限位套的上 方通过挡圏和卡簧限位。 进一步地, 柱形接头的外周上还设置有密封槽, 密封槽位于定位环槽的上 方。 进一步地, 各冲击器与底板通过键槽和连接键配合; 底板与冲击器之间设 置有密封防尘结构; 筒形壳体的上端口与分气装置的下端面密封配合, 分气装 置的下端面与上板之间设置有带孔的过渡板。 釆用上述技术方案的组合式潜孔锤及其施工方法, 具有如下积极效果及优
1、 由数个小直径的冲击器构成大直径的组合式潜孔锤, 其结构合理、 制 造工艺简单、 维护容易、 成本低。
2、 动力头驱动组合式潜孔锤旋转打孔时, 各冲击器的冲击钻头在随之公 转的同时还可以绕自身轴线自转, 使冲击钻头上的硬质合金头磨损趋于均衡, 可提高工作效率和使用寿命。
3、 多个分气路中连通至少一个第二气体通道和集气室的分气路的轴线为 圓滑过渡的曲线, 使输送至周边各冲击器的第二气体通道内的压缩空气压力损 失小、 效率高。
4、 可以根据钻机动力头输出转速及钻机供气系统参数, 调整组合式潜孔 锤的集气室内的气流调节装置至设定值, 合理分配分流至冲击器内的气流, 有 效利用能量, 提高了打孔效率。
5、 组合式潜孔锤与钻杆的连接釆用柱形连接体借助销轴及密封圏插接固 定, 安装拆卸方便、 气路密封的可靠性提高。 附图说明 构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 本发明的示 意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图 中: 图 1示意性示出了本发明第一实施例的主视结构; 图 2示意性示出了本发明第一实施例的主视剖面结构; 图 3示意性示出了本发明第一实施例的俯视结构; 图 4示意性示出了本发明第一实施例的仰视结构; 图 5示意性示出了本发明第一实施例与钻杆的连接结构; 图 6示意性示出了本发明第一实施例与螺旋钻杆的连接结构; 图 7示意性示出了本发明第二实施例的主视剖面结构; 图 8示意性示出了本发明第二实施例的仰视结构; 图 9示意性示出了本发明第二实施例的冲击器的主视结构; 图 10至图 15示出了根据本发明的组合式潜孔锤的工作流程示意图; 图 16示出了现有技术的潜孔锤的结构; 图 17示出了现有技术的组合式潜孔锤的主视结构和 G向视图。 具体实施方式 需要说明的是, 在不冲突的情况下, 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征 可以相互组合。 下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。 参见图 1至图 6, 示出了根据本发明的组合式潜孔锤的第一优选实施例。 如图 1所示, 该组合式潜孔锤包括联结器 1 , 分气装置 2, 支架体 3和冲 击器 4。 结合参考图 2, 联结器 1用于和钻杆 5连接, 内部设有第一气体通道 10。 第一气体通道 10与钻杆 5的通气道连通。 分气装置 2连接在联结器 1和 支架体 3之间。 多个冲击器 4安装在支架体 3上, 各冲击器 4均设有第二气体 通道 40。 冲击器 4包括本体 42和冲击钻头 45 , 冲击钻头 45上有硬质合金头 44。 由图中可以看出, 分气装置 2设有与第一气体通道 10连通的集气室 21和 使集气室 21分别与各冲击器 4的第二气体通道 40连通的多个分气路 22。联结 器 1、 分气装置 2和支架体 3可以釆用如下方式连接, 在联结器 1的下端设有 第一法兰盘 12, 第一法兰盘与分气装置 2的上端通过螺栓 27或螺钉连接。 在 分气装置 2的下端设置有第二法兰盘 24, 第二法兰盘 24与支架体 3的上端通 过螺栓 37或螺钉连接。 为保证气路的密封性, 在联结器 1和分气装置 2之间 安装有密封环 25。 由图 2中容易看出, 在本实施例中, 冲击器 4的数量为五个, 其中一个冲 击器居中设置, 其他四个冲击器绕中间的冲击器环形均匀排布。 中间的冲击器 4的第二气体通道与第一气体通道 10轴线重合,其他四个冲击器 4的第二气体 通道的轴线与第一气体通道 10 的轴线相平行, 连通中间的第二气体通道和集 气室 21的分气路为直通结构, 连接周边的四个第二气体通道和集气室 21的分 气路 22 的轴线为圓滑过渡的曲线, 即大曲率气路结构, 这样可以有效地降低 压缩气体向周边四个冲击器分流的过程造成的损失, 克服了现有技术的集束式 潜孔锤向周边的冲击器分流时, 压缩空气通过横向气路进入各冲击器的气道, 横向气路与周边各冲击器气道的拐角近乎直角引起的压力损失大、 效率低的问 题, 使输送至周边各冲击器的第二气体通道内的压缩空气压力损失小, 从而提 高了潜孔锤的施工效率。 由图 2中还可以看出, 在中间的分气路 22上设置有气流调节装置 26 , 可 对中心位置的冲击器的供气参数 (包括气体压力和气体流量) 进行控制调节, 以有效提高压缩空气的利用效率, 节约能量。 结合参考图 1、 图 2和图 3 , 联结器 1进一步地包括形成第一气体通道的 柱形连接体 11 , 钻杆 5上设有与柱形连接体相配合的安装孔 51 , 柱形连接体 11 与钻杆 5通过穿设在二者之间的销轴 13连接, 在柱形连接体 11和安装孔 51之间设置有密封结构 14, 使得组合式潜孔锤与钻杆 5 的安装及拆卸方便、 气路的密封可靠, 克服了现有技术中因潜孔锤与钻杆 5釆用锥螺紋接头的方式 连接, 连接时需要整体旋转潜孔锤, 且需要很大的扭矩拧紧才能保证潜孔锤与 钻杆二者之间的密封性, 现场安装拆卸不便等问题。 优选地, 密封结构 14 为 设置在柱形连接体 11上端的密封圏, 柱形连接体 11上端边缘为倒角结构, 这 样气路密封效果更好且成本较氐。 优选地, 销轴 13至少为两个。 本实施例中, 销轴 13为两个, 在同一水平 面上对称设置。 优选地, 柱形连接体 11 的横截面为正六边形, 相应地, 安装 孔 51为内六方孔。 柱形连接体 11的各侧面形成防止柱形连接体相对钻杆 5转 动的止转台面。 柱形连接体 11的外侧壁上设置有水平延伸的第一凹孔, 钻杆 5 上设置有水平延伸并与安装孔 51相交的第二凹孔, 销轴 13安装在第二凹孔中 并穿过第一凹孔, 达到柱形连接体 11 与钻杆 5连接的目的, 且便于加工销轴 13的安装孔。 优选地, 由图 2中还可以看出, 支架体 3 包括筒形壳体 36和连接在筒形 壳体 36上部的上板 35、 连接在筒形壳体 36下部的底板 34。 上板 35和底板 34 上均设有用于安装各冲击器 4的定位孔。 冲击器 4的上端(也即冲击器本体 42 的上端)具有柱形接头 41 , 柱形接头 41具有形成第二气体通道一部分的内孔, 内孔与分气路 22连接, 柱形接头 41 的外周上设置有定位环槽, 柱形接头 41 从上板 35的定位孔穿出, 并通过套设在定位环槽上的定位环 61定位。 为保证 气路的气密性, 在柱形接头 41端部安装有密封环 9。 优选地, 筒形壳体 36的上端口与分气装置 2的下端面密封配合, 分气装 置 2的下端面与上板 35之间设置有带孔的过渡板 31 , 定位环 61位于过渡板 31上的孔中, 以增强组合式潜孔锤的结构稳定性。 优选地, 各冲击器 4与底板 34通过键槽 32和连接键 43配合。 优选地, 在底板 34与冲击器 4之间设置有 密封防尘结构 33。该密封防尘结构 33例如为至所述底板 34的定位孔中的防尘 圏。 参见图 7至图 9, 示出了本发明的第二优选实施例, 与上述第一优选实施 例的不同之处在于, 冲击器 4为六个, 六个冲击器 4的第二气体通道 40的轴 线均与第一气体通道 10相平行,连通集气室 21与各冲击器的第二气体通道 40 的分气路 22均为大曲率气路结构。 优选地, 参见图 7, 各分气路 22分别通过收缩形的过渡气孔 20与对应的 第二气体通道 40的顶部连接。 气流调节装置 26为设置在各过渡气孔 20内的 阻尼调节环。 实际应用时, 可以根据各冲击器 4的工作压力的大小, 对应各分 气路 22的阻尼调节环 26可以选择不同规格的阻尼调节环, 以合理分配气流、 有效利用能量, 进一步地提高打孔效率。 结合参考图 9, 冲击器 4包括冲击器本体 42和冲击钻头 45。 冲击器本体 42安装至支架体 3内部, 且冲击器本体 42内设有用于安装冲击活塞 410的活 塞腔。 冲击钻头 45从下端安装至活塞腔内, 且冲击钻头 45 与冲击器本体 42 可轴向移动和可周向转动地配合。这样,动力头驱动组合式潜孔锤旋转打孔时, 各冲击器 4的冲击钻头 45在随之公转的同时还可以绕自身轴线自转, 使冲击 钻头 45上的硬质合金头 44磨损趋于均衡, 可提高工作效率和使用寿命。 具体地, 冲击钻头 45包括相连接的冲击头部 451和导向轴 49, 硬质合金 头 44安装至冲击头部 451上。导向轴 49上部设有沿轴向延伸的限位凹部 401 , 限位凹部 401上套设有限位环 48。 导向轴 49从下端插入活塞腔内, 且限位环 48由设置在活塞腔内壁的定位台和安装至活塞腔下端口的导向套 47限位, 导 向套 47套设在导向轴 49上。 优选地, 限位环 48为对开的限位环。 优选地, 在本实施例中, 安装在柱形接头 41 的定位环槽 411 内的定位环 61为对开的定位环, 在定位环 61外还套设有限位套 62, 限位套 62的上方通 过挡圏 63和卡簧 64限位。优选地,在柱形接头 41的外周上设置有密封槽 412, 密封槽 412位于定位环槽 410的上方, 以保证气路的密封。 下面结合图 10至图 15说明才艮据本发明的组合式潜孔锤的施工方法:
1、 带有动力头 7、 供气系统 8、 钻杆 5的钻机走行到施工位置, 通过两个 销轴 13及密封圏 14将组合式潜孔锤 100与钻杆 5插接固定并保持密封; (见 图 10 )
2、 启动钻机的动力头 7, 驱动钻杆 5、 组合式潜孔锤 100按顺时针旋转, 对正孔位后, 启动供气系统 8提供压缩空气驱动组合式潜孔锤 100的各个冲击 器 4动作; 动力头 7下降, 驱动组合式潜孔锤 100一边旋转一边向地下高频率 冲击打孔, 各冲击器 4 的冲击钻头 45在公转的同时可自转, 碎渣随冲击器 4 的排气气流通过钻杆 5与孔壁之间的环状间隙排出至地面; (见图 11 )
3、 打孔至预定深度, 并充分排渣; (见图 12 )
4、 动力头 7向上提升, 组合式潜孔锤 100也随之提升至地面; (见图 13 )
5、 钻机向一旁移动, 向孔中放入钢筋笼、 灌注混凝土, 经一段时间固化 后, 即成为地下基础桩; (见图 14、 图 15 )
6、 钻机走行到下一个施工位置, 重复以上步骤。 (见图 15 ) 结合参考图 5和图 6 , 步骤 1 中除了可使用中空圓柱形的钻杆 5之外, 还 可以使用中空的螺旋钻杆 5。 步骤 2在借助两个销轴 13及密封圏 14将组合式潜孔锤 100与圓柱形的钻 杆 5或螺旋钻杆 5插接固定之前, 根据钻机动力头 7输出转速及钻机供气系统 8参数, 调整组合式潜孔锤 100的集气室 21 内的调节装置 26至设定值, 合理 分配气流, 以有效利用能量并提高打孔效率。 通过试验验证, 根据本发明的组合式潜孔锤, 使用螺旋钻杆与组合式潜孔 锤配套, 在相同供气量的条件下, 排渣效果更好, 可以打更深的孔, 施工效率 更高, 更经济。 尤其适用于在硬质地层特别是岩层, 高效率地进行大直径 ( φ500 ~ cp800mm以及 > φ 1000mm ) 基石出桩的施工。 综上所述, 本发明提供了一种成本较低、 结构合理、 维护容易、 安装拆卸 方便、 密封可靠、 有效利用能量、 打孔效率高的组合式潜孔锤。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领 域的技术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的 ^"神和原则 之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之 内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种组合式潜孔锤, 其特征在于, 包括:
联结器( 1 ), 用于和钻杆( 5 )连接, 内部设有第一气体通道( 10 ); 支架体 ( 3 );
多个冲击器 (4), 安装至所述支架体 (3) 上, 各所述冲击器 (3) 均设有第二气体通道 (40), 且各所述冲击器 (4) 的冲击钻头 (45) 可 绕自身轴线转动;
分气装置 ( 2 ), 连接在所述联结器 ( 1 ) 和所述支架体 ( 3 )之间, 所述分气装置 (2)设有与所述第一气体通道 ( 10) 连通的集气室 (21) 和使所述集气室 (21) 分别与各所述冲击器 (3) 的第二气体通道 (40) 连通的多个分气路 (22)。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的组合式潜孔锤, 其特征在于, 所述冲击器(4) 包 括: 安装至所述支架体 (3) 内部的冲击器本体 (42), 且所述冲击器本 体(42) 内设有用于安装冲击活塞(410) 的活塞腔; 安装至所述活塞腔 下端的所述冲击钻头(45), 所述冲击钻头(45 )与所述冲击器本体(42) 可轴向移动和可周向转动地配合。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的组合式潜孔锤, 其特征在于,
所述冲击钻头(45) 包括相连接的冲击头部(451)和导向轴(49); 所述导向轴 (49) 上部设有沿轴向延伸的限位凹部 (401), 所述限 位凹部 (401 ) 上套设有限位环 (48);
所述导向轴 (49) 插入所述活塞腔内, 且所述限位环 (48) 由设置 在所述活塞腔内壁的定位台和安装至所述活塞腔下端口的导向套( 47 ) 限位;
所述导向套(47) 套设在所述导向轴 (49) 上。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的组合式潜孔锤, 其特征在于,
各所述冲击器(3 )的第二气体通道(40) 中至少一个第二气体通道 的轴线与所述第一气体通道( 10 )的轴线相平行, 所述多个分气路 ( 22 ) 中连通所述至少一个第二气体通道和所述集气室的分气路的轴线为圓滑 过渡的曲线。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的组合式潜孔锤, 其特征在于, 在至少一个所述分 气路 (22) 上设置有气流调节装置 (26)。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的组合式潜孔锤, 其特征在于, 各所述分气路 ( 22 ) 分别通过收缩形的过渡气孔 (20) 与对应的所述第二气体通道 (40) 的 顶部连接; 所述气流调节装置 (26) 为设置在各所述过渡气孔 (20) 处 的阻尼调节环。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的组合式潜孔锤, 其特征在于, 所述联结器( 1 ) 包 括形成所述第一气体通道的柱形连接体 ( 11), 所述钻杆 (5) 上设有与 所述柱形连接体相配合的安装孔( 51 ), 所述柱形连接体( 11 )与所述钻 杆 ( 5 ) 通过穿设在二者之间的销轴 ( 13 ) 连接; 所述柱形连接体 ( 11 ) 与所述安装孔 (51) 之间设有密封结构 ( 14)。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的组合式潜孔锤, 其特征在于,
所述销轴 ( 13 ) 至少为两个;
所述柱形连接体 ( 11 ) 的外侧壁上形成有止转台面;
所述柱形连接体 ( 11) 的外侧壁上设置有水平延伸的第一凹孔, 所 述钻杆 (5) 上设置有水平延伸并与所述安装孔 (51)相交的第二凹孔, 所述销轴 ( 13) 安装在所述第二凹孔中并通过所述第一凹孔。
9. 根据权利要求 1所述的组合式潜孔锤, 其特征在于,
所述支架体 (3) 包括筒形壳体 (36) 和连接在所述筒形壳体 (36) 上部的上板 (35)、 连接在所述筒形壳体 (36) 下部的底板 (34); 所述 上板( 35 )和所述底板( 34 )上均设有用于安装各所述冲击器( 4 ) 的定 位孔;
所述冲击器 (4) 的上端具有柱形接头 (41), 所述柱形接头 (41) 具有形成所述第二气体通道一部分的内孔, 所述内孔与所述分气路 ( 22 ) 连接, 所述柱形接头 (41) 的外周上设置有定位环槽 (411), 所述柱形 接头 ( 41 )从所述上板 ( 35 ) 的定位孔穿出, 并通过套设在所述定位环 槽 (411) 上的定位环 (61) 定位。
10. 居权利要求 9所述的组合式潜孔锤, 其特征在于, 所述定位环 (61) 为对开的定位环, 所述定位环(61)外套设有限位套 (62), 所述限位套 的上方通过挡圏 (63) 和卡簧 (64) 限位。
11. 根据权利要求 10所述的组合式潜孔锤,其特征在于,所述柱形接头( 41 ) 的外周上还设置有密封槽 (412), 所述密封槽 (412)位于所述定位环槽
(410 ) 的上方。
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的组合式潜孔锤, 其特征在于,
各所述冲击器( 4 )与所述底板( 34 )通过键槽 ( 32 )和连接键( 43 ) 配合;
所述底板( 34 )与所述冲击器( 4 )之间设置有密封防尘结构( 33 ); 所述筒形壳体(36)的上端口与所述分气装置(2)的下端面密封配 合, 所述分气装置(2) 的下端面与所述上板(35)之间设置有带孔的过 渡板 (31 )。
PCT/CN2011/076226 2010-09-30 2011-06-23 组合式潜孔锤 WO2012041084A1 (zh)

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