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WO2011131520A1 - Electric drive system for an, in particular, battery-operated vehicle - Google Patents

Electric drive system for an, in particular, battery-operated vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011131520A1
WO2011131520A1 PCT/EP2011/055726 EP2011055726W WO2011131520A1 WO 2011131520 A1 WO2011131520 A1 WO 2011131520A1 EP 2011055726 W EP2011055726 W EP 2011055726W WO 2011131520 A1 WO2011131520 A1 WO 2011131520A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drive system
electric motor
output shaft
electromotive drive
motors
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/055726
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Leiber
Michael HÖFGEN
Thomas Heckner
Original Assignee
Cpm Compact Power Motors Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cpm Compact Power Motors Gmbh filed Critical Cpm Compact Power Motors Gmbh
Publication of WO2011131520A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011131520A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/26—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, of type of freewheel device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2045—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0092—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/22—Microcars, e.g. golf cars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/40—Working vehicles
    • B60L2200/42—Fork lift trucks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/42—Electrical machine applications with use of more than one motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/44—Wheel Hub motors, i.e. integrated in the wheel hub
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/50—Drive Train control parameters related to clutches
    • B60L2240/507—Operating parameters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric drive system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Battery electric small electric vehicles require a high overall efficiency in order to achieve the highest possible range.
  • Electric wheel hub motors are known for bicycles or electric scooters.
  • the wheel hub motors increase the unsprung mass and are therefore often undesirable in electronic scooters. Therefore, increasingly central motors are used with a belt or chain ratio to the rear wheel, which are combined as needed with a planetary gear or worm gear.
  • Also known are geared motors with internal rotor motors and internal gearboxes as rear-wheel drive.
  • Object of the present invention is the design of a drive system with high efficiency with high security and availability.
  • the object of the invention is achieved with a double electric motor, which consists of two electric motors with separate control, both electric motors are integrated in a housing.
  • One or both motors can optionally be operated via the control electronics, wherein optionally a communication between both motors can be provided.
  • Both motors each have an output pinion that are each connected by means of a belt or a chain with an output pinion and an output shaft.
  • Various connections between engine and belt are possible:
  • Variant 1 Fixed connection between motors and pinion with a freewheel in the output shaft;
  • Variant 2 A motor is firmly connected while a freewheel is arranged between the second motor and the pinion;
  • a motor is connected via a freewheel and the second motor via a switchable clutch with the pinion.
  • the variants 3 and 4 are advantageous for vehicles, especially small vehicles used. Because two freewheels are provided in variant 3, one or two motors can optionally be operated. In addition, there is redundancy in case of failure of an electric motor. If both motors are in operation, the motors are torque-controlled or one motor is speed-controlled and the other motor is torque-excited.
  • the translations of the motors to the output pinion can be designed differently in the above variants. This can be achieved at lower speeds, a higher torque and at higher speeds only one engine to be operated. This is particularly advantageous when used with vehicles such as e.g. Golf carts, forklifts, etc., which require a high torque at low speeds but do not require the power of two motors at high speeds.
  • Variation 4 has the advantage that a motor can be operated permanently and also used for recuperation of kinetic energy. In the event of a motor failure, the motor can be disconnected from the output shaft via the clutch and thus generates no drag torque in the event of engine failure or does not jeopardize safety in the event of failure.
  • the engine with clutch forms the main drive, the engine is switched on with freewheel at required higher power or torque required.
  • Fig. 1 Schematic structure of the drive unit
  • Fig. 2 constructive embodiment
  • Fig. L the drive is shown schematically.
  • the two motors 1 are used, in a second housing part 3, the belt or chain transmission is housed.
  • the motors are connected with their drive pinions 4a, 4b, which are connected to the shafts 8a and 8b, either fixed or via a coupling 7.
  • a freewheel 6 is integrated in the drive pinion 4a.
  • corresponding freewheels 6 can be integrated in both drive pinions 4a and 4b, whereby the clutch is then eliminated.
  • the drive pinions 4a, 4b may have different diameters, whereby different Translations are realized.
  • Both motor pinions 4a, 4b are connected to the output pinion 5, which is non-rotatably mounted on the output shaft 9, not shown chain or a belt shown in Figure 2.
  • Fig. 2 the overall construction is shown in exploded view.
  • the motors 1 are mounted in the housing 2, wherein the motors 1 are recessed in the housing 2 and the control electronics la terminates with the housing and thus is accessible and replaceable.
  • a separating cover 3a is arranged, which serves to separate the gear from the engine. This is particularly useful when a chain transmission is used with the required lubrication.
  • the transmission housing 3 is closed by a second cover 3, which has an opening 3b for the output shaft 9.
  • the drive pinions 4a and 4b and the output pinion 5 are mounted in the housing parts 3a and 3 by means of the bearings 10a and 10b. Via a belt 11, the pinions 4a, 4b and 5 are interconnected.
  • a chain can also be used.
  • the freewheels 6 are integrated according to the variant 3 described above.
  • the illustrated drive can be extended to the effect that a freewheel 6 is replaced by a coupling, not shown. Also not shown is a belt or chain tensioner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

Electromotive drive system having at least two electric motors (1), wherein the electric motors (1) drive an output shaft (9) via one or more transmissions, wherein a clutch (7) and/or a freewheel (6) are arranged between at least one electric motor (1) and the output shaft (9).

Description

Elektrisches Antriebssystem für ein insbesondere batteriebetriebenes Fahrzeug  Electric drive system for a particular battery-powered vehicle
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen elektrisches Antriebssystem nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. The present invention relates to an electric drive system according to the preamble of claim 1.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Batteriegetriebe elektrische Kleinfahrzeuge erfordern einen hohen Gesamtwirkungsgrad, um eine möglichst hohe Reichweite zu erzielen. Battery electric small electric vehicles require a high overall efficiency in order to achieve the highest possible range.
Bekannt sind elektrische Radnabenmotoren bei Fahrrädern oder Elektrorollern. Die Radnabenmotoren erhöhen die ungefederte Masse und sind daher bei E- lektrorollern oft unerwünscht. Daher werden zunehmend Zentralmotoren mit einer Riemen- oder Ketten Übersetzung auf das Hinterrad eingesetzt, die bedarfsweise mit einem Planetengetriebe bzw. Schneckengetriebe kombiniert werden. Ebenfalls bekannt sind Getriebemotoren mit Innenläufermotoren und innenliegenden Getrieben als Hinterradantrieb. Electric wheel hub motors are known for bicycles or electric scooters. The wheel hub motors increase the unsprung mass and are therefore often undesirable in electronic scooters. Therefore, increasingly central motors are used with a belt or chain ratio to the rear wheel, which are combined as needed with a planetary gear or worm gear. Also known are geared motors with internal rotor motors and internal gearboxes as rear-wheel drive.
Um den Wirkungsgrad bzw. das Beschleunigungsverhalten zu steigern, werden Elektromotoren mit schaltbaren Getrieben bzw. stufenlosen CVT-Getrieben (z.B. NuVinci, Variomatic) kombiniert. Diese sind in der Regel teuer und beinhalten eine unerwünschte mechanische Komplexität. Eine Vielzahl der Antriebe haben ein Sicherheitsrisiko, dass bei blockiertem Motor (z.B. durch Kurzschluss) ein Rad blockiert. Daher sind oft aufwändige Sicherheitsschaltungen in der Elektronik erforderlich. In order to increase the efficiency or the acceleration behavior, electric motors are combined with switchable gearboxes or stepless CVT gearboxes (eg NuVinci, Variomatic). These are usually expensive and involve unwanted mechanical complexity. A large number of drives have a safety risk that blocks a wheel with a blocked motor (eg by short circuit). Therefore, often expensive safety circuits in electronics are required.
Aufgabe und Ausführung der Erfindung Task and execution of the invention
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Gestaltung eines Antriebssystem mit hohem Wirkungsgrad bei gleichzeitig hoher Sicherheit und Verfügbarkeit. Object of the present invention is the design of a drive system with high efficiency with high security and availability.
Gleichzeitig soll mit dem Antrieb das Beschleunigungsverhalten deutlich gesteigert werden. At the same time, the acceleration behavior should be significantly increased with the drive.
Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird mit einem Doppel-Elektromotor gelöst, der aus zwei Elektromotoren mit separater Ansteuerung besteht, wobei beide Elektromotoren in ein Gehäuse integriert sind. Über die Ansteuerelektronik kann wahlweise ein oder beide Motoren betrieben werden, wobei optional eine Kommunikation zwischen beiden Motoren vorgesehen sein kann. The object of the invention is achieved with a double electric motor, which consists of two electric motors with separate control, both electric motors are integrated in a housing. One or both motors can optionally be operated via the control electronics, wherein optionally a communication between both motors can be provided.
Beide Motoren weisen jeweils ein Abtriebsritzel auf, dass jeweils mittels eines Riemens oder einer Kette mit einem Abtriebsritzel und einer Abtriebswelle verbunden sind. Verschiedene Verbindungen zwischen Motor und Riemen sind möglich : Both motors each have an output pinion that are each connected by means of a belt or a chain with an output pinion and an output shaft. Various connections between engine and belt are possible:
• Variante 1 : Feste Verbindung zwischen Motoren und Ritzel mit einem Freilauf in der Abtriebswelle; • Variant 1: Fixed connection between motors and pinion with a freewheel in the output shaft;
• Variante 2: Ein Motor ist fest verbunden, während zwischen dem zweiten Motor und dem Ritzel ein Freilauf angeordnet ist; Variant 2: A motor is firmly connected while a freewheel is arranged between the second motor and the pinion;
• Variante 3 : Beide Motoren besitzen jeweils einen Freilauf zwischen Motor und Ritzel; • Variant 3: Both engines each have a freewheel between the engine and the pinion;
« Variante 4; Ein Motor ist über einen Freilauf und der zweite Motor über eine schaltbare Kupplung mit dem Ritzel verbunden. «Variant 4; A motor is connected via a freewheel and the second motor via a switchable clutch with the pinion.
Insbesondere die Varianten 3 und 4 sind vorteilhaft für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere Kleinfahrzeuge, einsetzbar. Dadurch, dass in Variante 3 zwei Freiläufe vorgesehen sind, können wahlweise einer oder zwei Motoren betrieben werden. Zudem besteht eine Redundanz bei Ausfall eines Elektromotors. Sind beide Motoren in Betrieb, werden die Motoren drehmomentgeregelt bzw. ein Motor drehzahlgeregelt und der andere Motor drehmomentgeregt. In particular, the variants 3 and 4 are advantageous for vehicles, especially small vehicles used. Because two freewheels are provided in variant 3, one or two motors can optionally be operated. In addition, there is redundancy in case of failure of an electric motor. If both motors are in operation, the motors are torque-controlled or one motor is speed-controlled and the other motor is torque-excited.
Vorteilhaft können bei den vorbeschriebenen Varianten die Übersetzungen der Motoren zum Abtriebsritzel unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein. Damit kann bei geringeren Drehzahlen ein höheres Drehmoment erreicht werden und bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten nur noch ein Motor betrieben werden. Dies ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn damit Fahrzeuge, wie z.B. Golfwagen, Gabelstapler, etc., angetrieben werden, die bei niedrigen Geschwindigkeiten ein hohes Moment erfordern, jedoch bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten nicht die Leistung von zwei Motoren benötigen. Advantageously, the translations of the motors to the output pinion can be designed differently in the above variants. This can be achieved at lower speeds, a higher torque and at higher speeds only one engine to be operated. This is particularly advantageous when used with vehicles such as e.g. Golf carts, forklifts, etc., which require a high torque at low speeds but do not require the power of two motors at high speeds.
Die Variante 4 weist den Vorteil auf, dass ein Motor permanent betrieben und auch für Rekuperation von kinetischer Energie eingesetzt werden kann. Bei einem Motorausfall kann der Motor über die Kupplung von der Abtriebswelle getrennt werden und erzeugt somit kein Schleppmoment bei Motorausfall bzw. gefährdet nicht die Sicherheit bei Ausfall. In dieser Variante bildet der Motor mit Kupplung den Hauptantrieb, wobei der Motor mit Freilauf bei benötigter höherer erforderlicher Leistung bzw. Drehmoment zugeschaltet wird. Variation 4 has the advantage that a motor can be operated permanently and also used for recuperation of kinetic energy. In the event of a motor failure, the motor can be disconnected from the output shaft via the clutch and thus generates no drag torque in the event of engine failure or does not jeopardize safety in the event of failure. In this variant, the engine with clutch forms the main drive, the engine is switched on with freewheel at required higher power or torque required.
Der erfindungsgemäße Antrieb hat folgende Vorteile gegenüber einem größeren Motor mit hohem Drehmoment und Leistung und einer Ansteuerelektronik: The drive according to the invention has the following advantages over a larger motor with high torque and power and a control electronics:
- kompakte Bauweise (ein Gehäuse); - compact design (a housing);
- Möglichkeit der Wirkungsgradoptimierung insbesondere bei Teillastbetrieb sowie bei Beschleunigung und Betrieb bei hohen Moment (Betrieb von einem oder zwei Motoren, Lastverteilung zwischen Motoren in Hinblick auf maximalen Wirkungsgrad, kein Schleppmoment Motor bei Motorausschalten); - Possibility of efficiency optimization, especially during partial load operation and during acceleration and operation at high torque (operation of one or two motors, load distribution between motors in terms of maximum efficiency, no drag torque motor at engine shutdown);
- Redundanz bei Motorausfall, Fortsetzung des Fahrbetriebes möglich; - Redundancy in case of engine failure, continuation of driving possible;
- Kein Blockieren der Räder auch bei Ausfall von zwei Motoren; - Wegfall von Sicherheitsschaltungen in der Ansteuerelektronik, z.B. - no locking of the wheels even if two motors fail; - Elimination of safety circuits in the control electronics, eg
Sternpunktfreischaltung;  Star point activation;
- Nahezu geräuschloser Betrieb; - Almost noiseless operation;
- Einfache kostengünstige Übersetzung über Riemen oder Kette; - Easy low-cost translation via belt or chain;
- Übersetzung mit hohem Wirkungsgrad; - High efficiency translation;
- Hohe Radialkräfte auf Abtriebswelle; - High radial forces on output shaft;
- Hohe Lebensdauer; - Long life span;
- Höhere Kosten von zwei Elektroniken werden dadurch kompensiert, dass durch die Wirkungsgradoptimierung Ströme und somit Siliziumfläche reduziert werden kann bzw. bei Ausfall nur eine Elektronik getauscht werden muss. - Higher costs of two electronics are compensated by the fact that through the optimization of efficiency currents and thus silicon area can be reduced or in case of failure only one electronics has to be exchanged.
Nachfolgend werden anhand von Zeichnungen verschiedene mögliche Ausführungsformen näher erläutert. Hereinafter, various possible embodiments are explained in more detail with reference to drawings.
Es zeigen : Show it :
Fig. 1 : Schematischer Aufbau der Antriebseinheit; Fig. 2: konstruktives Ausführungsbeispiel; Fig. 1: Schematic structure of the drive unit; Fig. 2: constructive embodiment;
In Fig. l ist der Antrieb schematisch dargestellt. In einem ersten Gehäuseteil 2 sind die beiden Motoren 1 eingesetzt, in einem zweiten Gehäuseteil 3 ist das Riemen- bzw. Kettengetriebe untergebracht. Die Motoren sind mit ihrem Antriebsritzeln 4a, 4b, die mit den Wellen 8a und 8b verbunden sind, entweder fest oder über eine Kupplung 7 verbunden. In dem Antriebsritzel 4a ist ein Freilauf 6 integriert. Alternativ können in beiden Antriebsritzeln 4a und 4b entsprechende Freiläufe 6 integriert sein, wobei die Kupplung dann wegfällt. Die Antriebsritzel 4a, 4b können unterschiedliche Durchmesser besitzen, wodurch unterschiedli- che Übersetzungen realisiert werden. Beide Motorritzel 4a, 4b sind mit dem Abtriebsritzel 5, welches drehfest auf der Abtriebswelle 9 angeordnet ist, über nicht dargestellte Kette oder einen in Figur 2 dargestellten Riemen verbunden. In Fig. L the drive is shown schematically. In a first housing part 2, the two motors 1 are used, in a second housing part 3, the belt or chain transmission is housed. The motors are connected with their drive pinions 4a, 4b, which are connected to the shafts 8a and 8b, either fixed or via a coupling 7. In the drive pinion 4a, a freewheel 6 is integrated. Alternatively, corresponding freewheels 6 can be integrated in both drive pinions 4a and 4b, whereby the clutch is then eliminated. The drive pinions 4a, 4b may have different diameters, whereby different Translations are realized. Both motor pinions 4a, 4b are connected to the output pinion 5, which is non-rotatably mounted on the output shaft 9, not shown chain or a belt shown in Figure 2.
In Fig. 2 ist der konstruktive Gesamtaufbau in Explosionsdarstellung dargestellt. Die Motoren 1 sind im Gehäuse 2 befestigt, wobei die Motoren 1 im Gehäuse 2 versenkt sind und die Ansteuerelektronik la mit dem Gehäuse abschließt und somit zugänglich und austauschbar ist. Zwischen Motoren 1 und Getriebe ist ein Trenndeckel 3a angeordnet, der zur Trennung des Getriebes vom Motor dient. Dies ist insbesondere dann sinnvoll, wenn ein Kettengetriebe mit erforderlicher Schmierung eingesetzt wird. Das Getriebegehäuse 3 ist durch einen zweiten Deckel 3 abgeschlossen, welcher eine Öffnung 3b für die Abtriebswelle 9 aufweist. Die Antriebsritzel 4a und 4b sowie das Abtriebsritzel 5 sind in den Gehäuseteilen 3a und 3 mittels der Lager 10a und 10b gelagert. Über einen Riemen 11 sind die Ritzel 4a, 4b und 5 miteinander verbunden. In Fig. 2, the overall construction is shown in exploded view. The motors 1 are mounted in the housing 2, wherein the motors 1 are recessed in the housing 2 and the control electronics la terminates with the housing and thus is accessible and replaceable. Between engine 1 and transmission, a separating cover 3a is arranged, which serves to separate the gear from the engine. This is particularly useful when a chain transmission is used with the required lubrication. The transmission housing 3 is closed by a second cover 3, which has an opening 3b for the output shaft 9. The drive pinions 4a and 4b and the output pinion 5 are mounted in the housing parts 3a and 3 by means of the bearings 10a and 10b. Via a belt 11, the pinions 4a, 4b and 5 are interconnected.
Alternativ zum dargestellten Riemen 11 kann auch eine Kette eingesetzt werden. In den Antriebsritzeln 4a, 4b sind die Freiläufe 6 entsprechend der oben beschriebenen Variante 3 integriert. As an alternative to the illustrated belt 11, a chain can also be used. In the drive pinions 4a, 4b, the freewheels 6 are integrated according to the variant 3 described above.
Der dargestellte Antrieb kann dahingehend erweitert werden, dass ein Freilauf 6 durch eine nicht dargestellte Kupplung ersetzt wird. Ebenfalls nicht dargestellt ist ein Riemen bzw. Kettenspanner. The illustrated drive can be extended to the effect that a freewheel 6 is replaced by a coupling, not shown. Also not shown is a belt or chain tensioner.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e P a n t a n s p r e c h e
Elektromotorisches Antriebssystem mit mindestens zwei Elektromotoren (1), wobei die Elektromotoren (1) über ein oder mehrere Getriebe eine Abtriebswelle (9) antreiben, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass zwischen mindestens einem Elektromotor (1) und der Abtriebswelle (9) eine Kupplung (7) und/oder ein Freilauf (6) angeordnet ist. Electromotive drive system with at least two electric motors (1), wherein the electric motors (1) via one or more transmissions drive an output shaft (9), characterized in that between at least one electric motor (1) and the output shaft (9) has a clutch (7) and / or a freewheel (6) is arranged.
Elektromotorisches Antriebssystem nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass zwischen den Elektromotoren (1) und der Abtriebswelle (9) jeweils eine Kupplung (7) und/oder ein Freilauf (6) angeordnet ist. Electromotive drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that between the electric motors (1) and the output shaft (9) each have a clutch (7) and / or a freewheel (6) is arranged.
Elektromotorisches Antriebssystem nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass zwischen dem einen Elektromotor (1) und der Abtriebswelle (9) ein Freilauf und zwischen dem anderen Elektromotor (1) und der Abtriebswelle (9) eine Kupplung (7) angeordnet ist. Electromotive drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that between the one electric motor (1) and the output shaft (9) a freewheel and between the other electric motor (1) and the output shaft (9) a clutch (7) is arranged.
Elektromotorisches Antriebssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Elektromotoren (1) über Zahnräder, eine gemeinsame Kette oder einen gemeinsamen Riemen (11), insbesondere Zahnriemen, mit der Abtriebswelle (9) verbunden sind und diese antreiben. Electromotive drive system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electric motors (1) via gears, a common chain or a common belt (11), in particular toothed belt, are connected to the output shaft (9) and drive them.
Elektromotorisches Antriebssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Kupplung schaltbar ist und/oder der Freilauf (6) in dem Zahnrad (4a, 4b) angeordnet ist, mit dem der jeweilige Elektromotor (1) mit der Abtriebswelle (9) bzw. dessen Zahnrad (5) direkt oder über eine Kette oder einen Riemen (11) verbunden ist. Electromotive drive system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the clutch is switchable and / or the freewheel (6) in the gear (4a, 4b) is arranged, with which the respective electric motor (1) with the output shaft (9) or its gear (5) directly or via a chain or a belt (11) connected is.
6. Elektromotorisches Antriebssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Elektromotoren (1) in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse (2) angeordnet sind, an dem das Gehäuse (3) oder Gehäuseteil des Getriebes angrenzt. 6. Electromotive drive system according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h e c e n e c e s in that the electric motors (1) are arranged in a common housing (2) on which the housing (3) or housing part of the transmission abuts.
7. Elektromotorisches Antriebssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Getriebeeinheit in einem Gehäuse (3, 3a) untergebracht und gelagert ist und dieses Gehäuse (3, 3a) mit einem Gehäuseteil (2) verbunden ist, in dem die Motor/Elektronikeinheit angeordnet, insbesondere untergebracht, ist. 7. Electromotive drive system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gear unit in a housing (3, 3 a) is housed and stored and this housing (3, 3 a) with a housing part (2) is connected, in which the motor / electronic unit arranged, in particular accommodated, is.
8. Elektromotorisches Antriebssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die die Elektromotoren (1) mit der Abtriebswelle verbindenden Getriebe unterschiedliche Übersetzungsverhältnisse aufweisen. 8. Electromotive drive system according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h e c e n e c e s in that the gearboxes connecting the electric motors (1) with the output shaft have different transmission ratios.
9. Elektromotorisches Antriebssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass ein erster Elektromotor (1) permanent als Antrieb der Abtriebswelle (9) dient und der andere zweite Elektromotor (1) zur Unterstützung oder bei Ausfall des ersten Elektromotors (1) die Abtriebswelle (9) mit antreibt. 9. Electromotive drive system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first electric motor (1) permanently serves as a drive of the output shaft (9) and the other second electric motor (1) to support or in case of failure of the first electric motor (1) the output shaft ( 9) with drives.
10. Elektromotorisches Antriebssystem nach Anspruch 9, d a d u r c h 10. Electromotive drive system according to claim 9, d a d u r c h
g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der zweite Elektromotor (1) unterstützend zum anderen ersten Elektromotor (1) die Abtriebswelle (9) mit antreibt, wenn das insbesondere als Fahrzeugantrieb ausgebildete Antriebssystem eine hohe Leistung bzw. ein hohes Drehmoment liefern muss,  that the second electric motor (1) drives the output shaft (9) in support of the other first electric motor (1) if the drive system designed in particular as a vehicle drive must deliver high power or high torque,
11. Elektromotorisches Antriebssystem nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, d a - d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass alle Elektromotoren (1) drehmomentgeregelt werden, oder ein, insbesondere der erste, Elektromotor (1) drehzahlgeregelt und der andere, insbesondere der zweite, Elektromotor (1) drehmomentgeregelt wird. 11. Electric motor drive system according to claim 9 or 10, char - characterized in that all electric motors (1) are torque-controlled, or one, in particular the first, electric motor (1) speed-controlled and the other, in particular the second, electric motor (1) is torque-controlled.
12. Elektromotorisches Antriebssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass mindestens ein Elektromotor (1) beim Bremsen als Generator fungiert, um elektrische Energie ins Bordnetz des Fahrzeugs einzuspeisen. 12. Electromotive drive system according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h e c e n e c e s in that at least one electric motor (1) acts as a generator during braking in order to feed electrical energy into the electrical system of the vehicle.
PCT/EP2011/055726 2010-04-18 2011-04-12 Electric drive system for an, in particular, battery-operated vehicle WO2011131520A1 (en)

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DE102010015437.7 2010-04-18

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DE102013102194A1 (en) 2013-03-06 2014-09-11 Werner Eck Drive device for a moving in a fluid vehicle

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CN113427987A (en) * 2020-03-23 2021-09-24 阿文美驰技术有限责任公司 Drive axle system with multiple electric motors
CN113427987B (en) * 2020-03-23 2024-02-27 阿文美驰技术有限责任公司 Drive axle system with multiple motors
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