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WO2011116648A1 - 工业化节能低碳培育灵芝的方法 - Google Patents

工业化节能低碳培育灵芝的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011116648A1
WO2011116648A1 PCT/CN2011/071239 CN2011071239W WO2011116648A1 WO 2011116648 A1 WO2011116648 A1 WO 2011116648A1 CN 2011071239 W CN2011071239 W CN 2011071239W WO 2011116648 A1 WO2011116648 A1 WO 2011116648A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ganoderma lucidum
temperature
ganoderma
liquid
puffing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/071239
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈顺志
Original Assignee
江苏学府生物工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2011116648A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011116648A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A01G18/64Cultivation containers; Lids therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/20Culture media, e.g. compost
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/50Inoculation of spawn

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural technology and traditional Chinese medicine technology, in particular, the cultivation and processing of edible and medicinal fungi.
  • Edible medicinal fungi are closely related to human health, such as: dozens of fungi such as ganoderma lucidum, white fungus, monkey head, shiitake mushroom and northern cordyceps.
  • a search was conducted in March 2010, and the results showed that:
  • the Chinese Patent Office received as many as 2,562 items of invention patents for Ganoderma lucidum.
  • Ganoderma lucidum has evolved from one-way exports to a variety of processed products for internal and external sales. Since the 1960s, Ganoderma lucidum artificial cultivation methods have been mainly based on broad n-trees.
  • the wheat has become the main component for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum, and a patented invention ZL2004 1 0048020.2 has been obtained.
  • the present invention has been studied on the basis of these, and it has been found that pretreatment is carried out by means of retort sterilization in production, which consumes a large amount of heat and a long length. 100 ⁇ , atmospheric pressure 8 10 hours; 127 ° C, 1 kg of high pressure also takes 2 hours. In particular, packaging containers such as glass bottles and plastic bottles also raise the temperature. Therefore, the consumption of heat is large and the production time is long.
  • the invention relates to a method for industrializing energy-saving and low-carbon cultivation of ganoderma lucidum, which relates to a method for cultivating edible and medicinal fungi, and achieves the purpose of energy-saving, low-carbon and automatic production through the key technology of expanding the raw material of the culture medium.
  • Comparison of literatures: OM 1075594 relates to the method of manufacturing strains, without involving culture media and cultivation techniques.
  • CN 1162639, CN 1297773, C 1233389 differ from the technical objects, specific methods and meanings of the present invention.
  • C 1444990 and C 1448409 are not involved in culture The composition of the base.
  • C 1099217 is a technical invention for the production of mycelia in 96 hours.
  • CN1387911 is a health wine that improves renal function immunity. 99109683.
  • Ultrasonic puffing technology of Ganoderma lucidum spores which involves a method of using ultrasonic to puff spores. 200310107651.
  • the processing method of selenium-enriched puffed food discloses a processing method of selenium-enriched puffed food. 200710060421.
  • Wheat puffed food and its production method it is a whole grain wheat puffed food and its production method. It is composed of whole grain wheat, glutinous rice, soybean, mung bean, alfalfa, polygala, walnut kernel, black sesame and seasoning. The whole grain wheat flour is obtained, and the dough is fully mixed and made into a billet, and the billet is sent to a puffing machine for puffing. The puffed semi-finished product is baked in the oven, and the finished product is packaged and stored in the air. 200910065431.
  • the puffing treatment process of the edible fungus culture material which is mainly composed of branches and crops, and relates to a puffing treatment process of edible fungus culture materials which are mainly composed of shoots and crop straws
  • the process steps are as follows: ( ⁇ The branches and crop straws are pulverized into crumbs or granules or segments; (2) According to the following parts by weight and stirred evenly: Ingredients: including crushed branches or / and crop straws 75-85; organic auxiliary materials: 15 -25; inorganic auxiliary materials: 2-4; (3) puffing treatment: the above-mentioned materials are put into a puffing tank for puffing treatment, the puffing temperature is: 170-210 ° C, The puffing pressure is: 1.2-2.0Mpa, the puffing time is: 10-15 minutes; then the blasting is instantaneously entered into the warehouse; (4) drying: drying the puffed material to a water content of 13-15%, ie Edible mushroom culture Material
  • the culture material of the invention is different from the present invention.
  • the invention needs to enter the drying process after the expansion, and the invention does not need to enter the drying process, and is directly mixed with the bacteria.
  • the strain of the invention is different from the present invention.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are that the source of the raw material is widely stable, and the cultivation process of the edible fungus can be simplified, and the bioconversion rate of the edible fungus can be improved.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for puffing wheat, corn and the like as main raw materials, and industrializing energy-saving and low-carbon cultivation of ganoderma lucidum.
  • the medium containing wheat, corn, rice, glutinous rice, millet and yellow rice as the main raw materials is rapidly heated and disinfected by puffing treatment to achieve energy-saving and low-carbon, and shorten the production time.
  • Expanding treatment is a key technology of the present invention out of 3, generally describes a continuous method of extrusion puffing and air:
  • Continuous extruder It has the functions of compression, mixing, mixing, melting, puffing and molding.
  • the cavity of the extruder can be divided into 3-5 zones, each zone can be heated by steam or electric, or can be heated by extrusion friction, and the material is gelatinized and denatured by starch under the action of high temperature and high pressure in the cavity.
  • the molten material is extruded through the die hole of the die plate under the action of high pressure. Due to the sudden drop of pressure, the water vapor rapidly expands and dissipates, causing the product to form a porous structure, and then the puffed material is The rotary knife cuts into a certain size product.
  • the characteristics of the material in the barrel are basically the same, but the shear strength and cleaning ability of the material in the same direction are significantly different. The most common are right-handed single-threaded snails and co-directional double twin-screws. From the working mode; according to whether the material enters the extruder barrel (expansion chamber) before steaming and quenching, it is divided into dry extruder and wet extruder. If it is tempered by steam, it is a wet working mode; otherwise, it is a thousand method. The purpose of steam quenching and tempering: to raise the temperature of the material, soften and partially premature the dip, and add some water. For most materials, wet puffing is more efficient than thousand puffing.
  • the rod of rayon, wear barrel 4 also decreases. Due to the dry/wet method, the properties of the materials entering the barrel are different during production.
  • the wet method enters the barrel is a hot and humid soft material.
  • the thousand method enters the barrel is a cold and hard material. Therefore, the configuration requirements for the spindle system and the extrusion screw are also different. In other words, the dry machine can be produced in a wet process, and the wet machine is not necessarily used in a thousand ways.
  • air puffing technology The initial air puffing equipment is on the street popcorn machine, which is a well-known small business. Every time I process 2 kg of rice, corn or soybeans, children like it very much. At present, air-expansion equipment has been developed, usually with an hourly output: 25-50 kg. There is also a dual air-expansion system with a large output of up to 300 00 kg / h, and has obvious energy-saving effect, a skilled worker can easily operate.
  • the air purifier can puff rice, wheat, corn, buckwheat, beans and other whole grains to maximize the retention
  • the original flavor, color and nutrients of the grain are compared with the traditional airflow tank: easy to operate; lead-free puffing; fast speed; good work performance, stable quality of the produced products.
  • the product After the air is puffed, the product can maintain the shape of the original material well.
  • the product volume after puffing is the ten letter of the original material volume.
  • the starch in the raw material is essentially 100% ripened.
  • the culture material after puffing is suitable for Ganoderma lucidum growth, and can also be industrialized and automated. Thereby, fresh primordia and fruiting bodies, dried primordia or fruiting bodies, and 100% edible Ganoderma lucidum mycelium (bacteria, ie, slag) are obtained.
  • the invention has a strong applicability and a wide range of applications.
  • the residual medium (bacteria, slag) of Ganoderma lucidum can directly become a raw material for human food, animal feed, or become a raw material for the production of soy sauce, vinegar, and pharmaceutical products, so that no waste is produced. It resolves the contradiction between the production of Ganoderma lucidum and the ecological balance of forestry, and also provides a new way for the sustainable development of Ganoderma lucidum industry.
  • the method for industrializing energy-saving and low-carbon cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum is characterized in that: wheat, corn as a medium, vitamins and inorganic salts as an additive, temperature-expanding by means of puffing treatment, extrusion granulation, inoculating liquid Ganoderma lucidum kind, mixed molding, loaded into a container, managed according to known cultivation techniques, the method can be industrialized, automated,
  • the invention is characterized in that: wheat, corn, rice, millet, yellow rice, barley, buckwheat, barley, glutinous rice are used as the medium, and the total content of various foods is 97 100%.
  • Wheat and corn are used as the medium, and the grain components of wheat, corn, rice, millet, yellow rice, barley, buckwheat, barley, and glutinous rice are used as the medium.
  • Wheat accounts for 5-80%, and corn accounts for 5-85%.
  • glutinous rice accounts for 0-30%
  • rice, yellow rice, barley, buckwheat, barley can also In the proportion of 0-30%, it becomes the component of the medium; however, the sum of the ingredients of various foods is 97 100%.
  • Other food-based ingredients in the raw materials include bran and rice bran, and the ratio of the raw materials may be 0 - 10% as needed.
  • Nationally approved medicinal and food-based products, such as Codonopsis, Astragalus and kelp, can also be added to improve health outcomes.
  • the invention is characterized in that: the protein, the vitamin and the inorganic salt are used as additives, and the ratio is 0 - 3%.
  • Calcium can regulate the acidity and alkalinity of the medium and increase the calcium concentration of the product.
  • nitrogen fertilizer ammonium citrate and other nitrogenous substances
  • potassium salt 0-0.05% of magnesium sulfate.
  • Selenium is an important trace element in the human body.
  • the World Health Organization recommends supplementing 200 selenium every day to prevent high incidence of various diseases. It supports the use of safer selenium-containing proteins, amino acids and other organic forms of selenium, or selenium-rich agricultural by-products.
  • sodium selenite tablets contain 1 mg of sodium selenite per tablet (equivalent to 457 g of selenium) over 11 years of age and 2 tablets per adult. Taking too much selenium can cause poisoning.
  • the maximum daily safe dose is 400 ug 0. Therefore, refer to this data to add trace element selenium in the medium at a ratio of 0 -0. 8 mg / kg.
  • the invention is characterized in that: the temperature is sterilized by the puffing treatment, and the medium raw material is formed into a porous structure, the temperature of the puffing production is 150 - 210 ° C, and the optimum temperature is 150-170 ° C.
  • the simplest puffing technique is a method of screening, washing, drying, and then frying it into fried rice. Production methods using a continuous process are: continuous extrusion puffing and air puffing techniques.
  • A. Continuous extruder It has the functions of compression, mixing, mixing, melting, puffing and forming 7 .
  • the product is formed into a porous structure, and then the expanded material is cut into a certain size product by a rotary knife.
  • the most commonly used in production are single screw extruders and twin screw extruders. In this way, the temperature of the three cylinders is increased from 80 ° C to 140 ° C to 160 ° C in a short time, and some of the expansion cylinders have a maximum temperature of 150 to 210 ° C. Therefore, high temperatures can destroy bacteria in the medium.
  • starch gelatinization and protein denaturation can be better utilized by Ganoderma lucidum. Therefore, extrusion is the key to the technology in production.
  • a shaft or two shafts called single-screw extruder and twin-screw extruder; the most common is the right-handed single mast and the same-direction double twin-screw.
  • the wear on the screw and barrel is also reduced due to the softening of the material.
  • Due to the dry/wet method the properties of the material entering the barrel are different during production.
  • the wet method is a hot and humid material, and the dry method enters the barrel as a cold and hard material. Therefore, the configuration requirements for the spindle system and the extrusion screw are also different.
  • the dry machine can be produced wet, while the wet machine is not necessarily dry. Both the dry and wet machines of the present invention can be used; the optimum temperature for extrusion extruder production is 150 170 °C.
  • Air-expansion technology At present, the air-expansion equipment developed has an output of 25-50 kg per hour. There is also a dual airflow puffing system with a larger output of up to 300 500 kg/h, which is 1/3 more energy efficient than conventional models.
  • the temperature inside the tank reached 200 ° C, and the volume of the grain raw material increased by 10 times. The higher the temperature, the larger the expansion volume.
  • the volume expansion of the 8 raw materials is increased, which is not the ultimate purpose and effect. What is needed is to destroy the bacteria, and the appropriate expansion volume is 3-5 times to achieve the purpose.
  • the new device uses a temperature sensing system that instantly reflects the correct temperature inside the tank.
  • Microorganisms can be killed in a few seconds due to 150-180 °C. Therefore, according to the temperature indication in production, as long as the sterilization requirements are met.
  • the airflow puffing working range is 150-200 °C, and the process of the invention does not require 200 ° C high temperature, and can achieve energy saving and low carbon.
  • the optimum temperature for the technique of the present invention is 150-170 °C.
  • the invention is characterized in that: extrusion granulation is carried out, and the extruded material has a rice grain shape, a square shape, a circular shape, a rectangular shape, a rhombus shape and other geometric shapes or an air flow puffing to maintain the original shape of the grain particles.
  • the purpose of the present invention to form a shape is to allow the culture material to be thoroughly mixed and shaped with the liquid Ganoderma lucidum strain.
  • the corn is kept in its original shape, and the granular wheat and corn culture can be thoroughly mixed with the liquid Ganoderma lucidum.
  • the particles after extrusion molding are beneficial to the growth and development of Ganoderma lucidum.
  • the present invention is characterized in that the cooling process after the puffing treatment is such that the temperature reaches 25 or less.
  • the temperature of wheat and corn culture materials after the puffing technology treatment is relatively high. Liquid Ganoderma lucidum is a living life and is not suitable for temperatures above 25 °C. Therefore, a cooling process is required to bring the temperature below 25 °C.
  • the material of the twin-screw extruder is 8-10 seconds in the high temperature pipeline to achieve the disinfection effect. Its water cooling system reduces the temperature of the material to around 85 °C, which is beneficial for production applications under GMP conditions.
  • the present invention uses a wind cooling technique, or a natural cooling technique, to bring the temperature to 25 ° C or lower and then inoculate the Cordyceps militaris.
  • the method for obtaining the liquid Ganoderma lucidum strain is: The liquid Ganoderma lucidum strain is produced according to a known conventional method, and a vitamin, an inorganic salt additive, and a liquid composed of water (after autoclaving) may be added during use.
  • the invention is characterized in that: the culture material and the liquid Ganoderma lucidum strain are mixed into a square shape, a barrel shape, a rectangular shape, a diamond shape and other geometric shapes, and are loaded into the container. Molding methods are either manual or semi-mechanical filling, or production by assembly line. The purpose of making a shape is to allow the culture material to be thoroughly mixed with the liquid Ganoderma lucidum strain, usually by electric stirring in a stirred tank.
  • the container is a plastic bag (box, bottle, stick, box) container, a paper material container, a paper plastic recyclable material container or a glass container for manual production, or a semi-mechanical filling, or a production line.
  • the sleeve molding process for the production line in the molding production process is as follows: The container is first introduced into the trough, refilled, rolled, grooved, capped, put on, cultivated, and shed. Or the method of using compression molding is as follows: After the seed is mixed, it is molded into a block, then placed in a container, capped, racked, incubated, and grassed. The former container is first placed in the tank, and then filled and capped; the latter is pressed into a block and then placed in a container and capped. Therefore, the features of the present invention are: a sleeve molding process for forming a molding line or a method of compression molding.
  • a container In order to be sold in a supermarket, a container can be bagged, a mixture of the culture material and the Ganoderma lucidum strain is grown in the bag, and after maturing, the customer takes the finished product in the bag.
  • the role of the container is to maintain growth space, easy to sell and transport in the supermarket.
  • the container can be reused to achieve energy-saving and low-carbon effects.
  • This method can automate production management. Automated production management is reflected in: preparation, expansion process, cooling, inoculation, sub-assembly, transport to the culture room, culture room temperature, humidity, illuminance Management, harvesting process, can be mechanized or automated production.
  • the characteristics of the present invention are: the species of Ganoderma lucidum involved, the species cultivated by the Ganoderma lucidum strain preserved by the National Center of the Species as a new method (Ganoderma lucidum species preserved in the Center of the Species before the patent application date); Mainly include: Ganoderma lucidum, southern tree tongue, Minnan Ganoderma lucidum, Guizhou Ganoderma lucidum, layered tongue, sessile Ganoderma lucidum, Sanming tree tongue, Zizhi, tropical Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum, Bombyx chinensis, Huang Lingzhi, Ganoderma lucidum , Shandong Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum,
  • the method of liquid bacteria has been described above.
  • the use of the new method has the following advantages:
  • the invention has the following principles: "Industrial energy-saving and low-carbon cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum method 11 ", the characteristics are as follows: 1. Using the principle that the raw material of the grain can be expanded, rapidly heating and disinfecting, achieving the purpose of energy saving and low carbon, and shortening the production time 2, glass bottles, plastic bottles and other packaging containers do not need to heat up, can save energy and low carbon; 3, can cultivate Ganoderma lucidum on the assembly line, in order to reduce costs, implement automated production, opened up a broad prospect; 4, can achieve Ganoderma lucidum And the whole process of quality control of active ingredient processing has laid a solid foundation for Chinese medicine products to enter the international market.
  • Example 1 Using 20 kg of wheat, 75 kg of corn, 5 kg of rice bran, and then adding 0.3 kg of ammonium citrate, 0.1 kg of potassium salt, 0.05 kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 kg of calcium carbonate, after twin-screwing Extruding at 150 ⁇ 170 °C, Rice grain culture material.
  • the material of the 3 ⁇ 4 mast extrusion extruder is 8-10 seconds in the high temperature pipeline to achieve the disinfection effect. Its water cooling system reduces the temperature of the material to around 85 °C. Cool under GMP conditions, make the temperature below 25 °C, mix well with liquid Cordyceps sinensis, fill the plastic water container and glass bottle with 100: 150 water, and add 0.5 kg mixed culture to each container.
  • the ventilation is increased. Managed according to known cultivation techniques. Thereby, a fruit body can be obtained, and a fresh primordium of a semicircular shape, an elliptical shape, a dendritic shape or a spherical shape can be collected to become a Ganoderma lucidum commodity. After collecting fresh Ganoderma lucidum primordia or fruiting body, the medium portion is an edible Ganoderma lucidum mycelium (ie, bacillus, slag).
  • Example 2 25 kg of wheat, 50 kg of corn, 15 kg of glutinous rice, 3 kg of rice bran, 2 kg of bran, and then added 0.3 kg of ammonium citrate, 0.1 kg of potassium salt, 0.05 kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 after kg of calcium carbonate were mixed gas 12 flows through 150- 17CTC expanded, puffed original shape resulting culture medium. Cool to inoculate the temperature below 25 ⁇ . It is well mixed with liquid Ganoderma lucidum strains, and the liquid Ganoderma lucidum strain contains added vitamin B and yeast. The ratio of material to water is 100: 180, mechanically filled in a plastic container through a production line, and 0.22 kg of mixed culture material is added to each square container to seal.
  • the growth space is not retained in the container, and after the mycelium grows over the surface, it can be transported to another city over a long distance.
  • Example 3 20 kg of wheat, 65 kg of corn, 10 kg of glutinous rice, 3 kg of rice bran, 0.2 kg of kelp crushed, and then added 0.3 kg of ammonium citrate, 0.1 kg of potassium salt, 0.05 kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 ⁇ 0.5 kg of calcium carbonate and 0.6 g of trace element selenium. After mixing, the mixture was extruded by a double mast extruder to obtain a pellet-shaped culture material. Cool, and inoculate the temperature below 25 °C.
  • the molding process in the molding production process is: The container first enters the trough, refills, rolls forming, troughing, capping, adding 0.5 to each container Kilograms of mixed culture, sealing, racking, cultivating, and grassing.
  • a container can be bagged, a mixture of the culture material and the Ganoderma lucidum strain is grown in the bag, and after maturing, the customer takes the finished product in the bag.
  • a pellet-shaped culture material was obtained through a flow expansion apparatus at 150-160 °C. Cool to inoculate the temperature below 25 °C. 0.3 g of ammonium citrate, 0.1 kg of potassium salt, 0.05 kg of magnesium sulfate, added to the yeast 0.5 kg, mixed and dissolved in 10 kg of water, autoclaved, mixed with liquid Ganoderma lucidum strain, stir the Ganoderma lucidum The bacteria are mixed thoroughly to make the ratio of water to water 100: 180; if the liquid Ganoderma lucidum strain 13 and the inorganic salt and vitamin water are not enough 180 kg, it can be supplemented with sterile water or physiological saline.
  • Sterile water and physiological saline can be obtained by ordinary sterilization methods or filtration techniques. After stirring, the containers were filled in a square plastic bottle container, and 1 kg of the mixed culture material was added to each container.
  • the method of compression molding is as follows: After the seed is mixed, it is molded into a block, then placed in a container, capped, racked, incubated, and managed according to known cultivation techniques.

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Description

说 明 书
工业化节能低碳培育灵芝的方法
技术领域:
本发明属于涉及农业技术和中医药技术领域, 特别是食用、 药 用真菌培养和加工的技术领域。
背景技术:
食用药用真菌与人类健康有密切关系, 例如: 灵芝、 银耳、 猴 头、 香菇和北虫草等几十种真菌。 2010年 3月进行了检索, 结果说 明: 中国专利局收到关于灵芝的发明专利申请就有 2562 项之多。 经 过多年的波动式发展,灵芝已经从单向出口发展到多种加工产品内外销 售的局面。 自 20 世纪 60 年代开始, 灵芝人工栽培方法主要是以 阔 n†树等为原料。近来, 利 ^小麦成为培养灵芝的主要成分, 获得了 1 专利发明 ZL2004 1 0048020.2。 本发明在这些基础上进行了研究, 发 现在生产中需用蒸煮消毒灭菌的方法进行前处理,这个方法消耗热能 大, 间长。 100Ό , 常压 8 10小时; 127°C , 1公斤的高压还需 要 2小时。 特别是玻璃瓶、 塑料瓶之类的包装容器也一同升高温度。 所以, 消耗热能大, 生产时间长。 本发明 "工业化节能低碳培育灵芝 的方法" 涉及食用、 药用真菌培养方法, 通过膨化处理培养基原料 的关键技术, 达到节能低碳、 自动化生产的目的。 经过文献比较: OM 1075594 涉及菌种的制造方法, 不涉及培养基和栽培技术。 CN 1162639, CN 1297773, C 1233389与本发明的技术目的、 具体方法和意义不同。 C 1444990和 C 1448409没有涉及培养 基的组成。 C 1099217 是 96 小时生产菌丝体的技术发明。 CN1387911是提高肾功能免疫力的保健酒。 99109683. 5 名称: 灵芝 孢子超声波膨化技术 , 涉及的是一种灵芝孢子利用超声波膨化孢子 的方法。200310107651. 2 名称:膨化灵芝孢子粉制品及其制作方法 , 将灵芝孢子粉进行浸泡漂洗, 经干燥后在 126〜160°C温度下进行膨 化处理, 膨化后进行研磨至 20〜300 目, 包装制成产品。 200610067086. 5 名称: 富硒膨化食品的加工方法, 公开了一种富硒 膨化食品的加工方法。 200710060421. 3 的专利名称: 小麦膨化食品 及制作方法,是全粮小麦膨化食品及制作方法。由全原粮小麦、薏米、 黄豆、 绿豆、 茯苓、 远志、 核桃仁、 黑芝麻、 调味料组成, 获得全粮 小麦粉,加入和面机充分拌和制成坯料,把料坯送入膨化机进行膨化, 膨化后的半成品在烤箱烘烤, 晾凉后成品包装入库。 200910065431. 52 名称: 原粮膨化休闲食品的制作工艺 , 公开了一种原粮膨化休闲食 品的制作工艺。 <申请号 >200510012614 <发明名称>以枝条、 农作 l秸耔为主料的食用菌培养料的膨化处理工艺, 涉及一种以枝条、农 作物秸秆为主料的食用菌培养料的膨化处理工艺, 其工艺歩骤如下: (υ将枝条、 农作物秸秆粉碎成屑状或颗粒状或段状; (2)按下列重量 份配料并搅拌均匀:主料:包括粉碎后的枝条或 /和农作物秸秆 75-85; 有机物辅料: 15 -25; 无机物辅料: 2-4; (3)膨化处理: 将上述配好 的物料装入膨化罐中进行膨化处理, 膨化温度为: 170-210°C, 膨化 压力为: 1 .2-2.0Mpa,膨化时间为: 10-15 分钟;之后瞬间喷爆入仓; (4)烘干:将膨化后的物料烘干至含水量为 13-15 %, 即得食用菌培养 料。 通过比较看到: 1、 该发明的培养原料与本发明不同。 2、 该发明 在膨化以后还需要进入烘干工序, 本发明不需要进入烘干工序, 直接 和菌种混合使用。 3 该发明的菌种与本发明不同。
本发明的有益效果是原料来源广泛稳定,能够简化食用菌栽培工 艺,提高食用菌生物转化率。经过检査文献,没有和本发明重叠的 "生 产灵芝利用粮食为培养基进行膨化的方法", 膨化升温消毒, 达到节 能低碳、 缩短生产工艺的培养技术。所以, 提出以下新的发明方法 。
发明内容:
本发明的目的: 提供一种小麦、玉米等粮食为主要原料进行膨化 处理, 工业化节能低碳培育灵芝的方法。 以小麦、 玉米、 大米、 高粱 米、 小米、 黄米粮食类为主要原料的培养基, 通过膨化处理,快速升 温消毒, 达到节能低碳, 缩短生产时间的培育方法。膨化处理是本发 3 明的技术关键, 一般介绍的方法有连续挤压膨化和气流膨化技术:
1、 连续挤压机: 它具有压缩、 混合、 混炼、 熔融、 膨化、 成型 等功能。挤压机的腔体可以分成 3-5个区, 各区可以通过蒸汽或电加 热, 也可通过挤压摩擦加热, 物料在腔体中高温、 高压的作用下, 淀 粉糊化、 蛋白质变性。在挤压腔体的末端, 熔融的物料通过在高压的 作用下通过模板的模孔而挤出, 由于压力的突然下降, 水蒸汽迅速膨 胀和散失, 使产品形成多孔结构, 然后膨化的物料被旋转刀切成一定 大小的产品。 在生产中最常使用的是单螺杆挤压机和双螺杆挤压机。 这种方法三个筒的温度在短 ^间从 80°C ~140°C升高到 160°C,有的 膨化筒最高温度在 150〜190°C之间。 所以, 高温可以消灭培养基中 的细菌。 另外, 淀粉糊化和蛋白质变性以后能被灵芝菌更好地利用。 所以,挤压膨化是生产中的技术关键。从结构上:分一根轴或两根轴, 称为单嫘杼膨化机及¾嫘杼膨化机; 单嫘杆又分为左旋右旋, 双螺杆 又有同向平双和异向平双之分。左旋单孃杆或右旋单螺杆对物料在机 筒内的性状改变基本是一致的,而同向平双或异向平¾对救料的剪切 强度和清理能力是有显著差别的。最为常见的是右旋单螺杼和同向平 双双螺杆。 从工作方式上; 按照物料进入膨化机机筒 (膨化腔) 前 是否经蒸汽调质分为干法膨化机和湿法膨化机。若经蒸汽调质, 则为 湿法工作模式; 反之, 则为千法。 蒸汽调质的目的: 提升料温、 软 化及部分予熟化麴料、 补充一定水分。对于绝大多数物料, 湿法膨化 都比千法膨化效率高。 因此, 所需要的机械能较千法少, 更多的能量 可以用来提高产量。 外, 由于物料的软化, 对嫘杆、 机筒的磨损也 4 会降低。 由于干 /湿法两种方法在生产时物料进入机筒的性状不同。 湿法进入机筒是湿热的软物料,千法进入机筒是生冷的硬物料,因此, 对主轴系及挤压螺旋的配置要求也不同。换言之 干法机可以湿法生 产, 而湿法机不一定能千法使用。
2、气流膨化技术: 最初的气流膨化设备是在街头的爆玉米花机, 这是尽人皆知的小生意。 每次加工 2斤大米、 玉米或者黄豆, 儿童都 十分喜欢。 目前, 发展起来的气流膨化设备, 通常有每小时产量: 25-50公斤。 还有双气流膨化系统具有产量大, 可达 300 00公斤 / 小时, 且具有明显的节能效果, 一个熟练工可轻松操作。气流膨化机 可膨化大米、 小麦、 玉米、 荞麦、 豆类等五谷杂粮, 最大限度的保持 了粮食原有的风味、 色泽、 营养成分、 与传统的气流罐相比较: 操作 方便; 无铅膨化; 速度快; 工作性能好, 生产出来的产品质量稳定。 气流膨化后产品能很好地保持原来物料的外形。 气流膨化后的产品 体积是原物料体积的十信。 原料中的淀粉基本上是 100 %的熟化。 膨化以后的培养原料适合灵芝生长,也能够进行工业化生产和自 动化管理。 从而, 得到新鲜的原基和子实体, 千燥的原基或子实体, 以及 100%可食性的灵芝菌丝体 (菌糠、 即菌渣) 。 本发明的实用 性强、 可应用的范围广。 特别是灵芝的残余培养基 (菌糠、 菌渣) , 能够直接成为人类食品的原料、动物饲料或者成为生产酱油、醋和医 药产品的原料, 从而, 没有废物产生。解决了灵芝生产与林业生态平 衡之间的矛盾, 也为灵芝产业的可持续性发展提供了新途径。
下面叙述方法和歩骤:
1、 工业化节能低碳培育灵芝的方法, 本发明的特征是: 以小麦、 玉米为培养基, 以维生素和无机盐为添加剂, 通过膨化处理实现升温 消毒, 实现挤压造粒, 接种液体灵芝菌种, 混合成型, 装入容器内, 根据已知的栽培技术进行管理的方法, 本方法可以产业化、 自动化生 、、
2、 本发明的特征是: 以小麦、 玉米、 大米、 小米、 黄米、 青稞、 荞麦、大麦、高粱米为培养基,各种粮食类的成分总和在 97 100 %。 以小麦、 玉米为培养基, 是以小麦、 玉米、 大米、 小米、 黄米、 青稞、 荞麦、 大麦、 高粱米的粮食成分为培养基原料, 小麦占 5-80 %, 玉 米占 5-85%, 高粱米占 0-30 %; 大米、 黄米、 青稞、 荞麦、 大麦也可 以使用 0-30 %的比例, 成为培养基的成分; 但是, 各种粮食类的成 分总和在 97 100 %。 原料中的其他粮食类的成分还包括麸皮和米 糠, 根据需要可以在原料中加入比例在 0 - 10% 。 国家批准的药用和 食品两用的产品, 例如党参、 黄芪以及海带类成分, 也可以加入, 以 提高保健效果。
3、 本发明的特征是: 以蛋白质、 维生素和无机盐为添加剂, 比例为 0 - 3 %。 碳酸钙、 乳酸钙、 硫酸钙、 柠檬酸钙为调节剂, 比 例为 0 - 1 %。钙可以调节培养基的酸碱性和增加产品的钙浓度。参 考食用菌的培养方法, 根据蛋白质多少可以使用 0 - 3.0 %比例的豆 饼、 花生豆饼、 菜籽饼、 葵花子饼。 也可以添加 0 - 1.0 % 比例的 氮肥 (柠檬酸铵以及其他含氮物质); 添加 0- 0.1 % 比例的钾盐, 0 -0.05 %比例的硫酸镁。硒是人体重要的微量元素, 世界卫生组织建 议每天补充 200 硒, 可有效预防多种疾病的高发。 比较支 持采用安全性更高的含硒蛋白、 氨基酸等有机形态硒, 或富含硒 的农副产品。 目前, 亚硒酸钠片每片含亚硒酸钠 1 mg, (相当 于含硒 457 g) 11岁以上及成人每次 2片。 服用过量硒可引起 中毒, 每日最大安全量为 400 u g 0 所以, 参考这个数据在培养 基中按照 0 -0. 8mg/kg的比例添加微量元素硒。 使得成品中达到每 100克灵芝含硒 20 - 50 g。 维生素在膨化过程中会有损失, 所 以, 通常加入少量的维生素 B; 或者, 加入酵母的比例为 0-0.5%, 酵 母含有大量的维生素 B族的成分。 因为微量元素和维生素在原料中 有差别, 所以, 在用量上从 0% 到 0.5% 不等, 要根据原料来源进 行考虑。这些蛋白质、维生素和无机盐的添加剂在生产过程中有两种 加入方法: 一、 把蛋白质、 维生素和无机盐的添加剂粉碎以后和粮食 类原料充分混合, 然后进入膨化处理, 实现消毒作用; 二、把蛋白质、 维生素和无机盐的添加剂粉碎后, 溶入十倍以上的水中, 经过高压灭 菌处理, 和液体灵芝菌种混合, 在搅拌工艺过程中使用。
4、 本发明的特征是: 通过膨化处理实现升温消毒, 使培养基原 料形成多孔结构,膨化生产的温度 150 - 210°C ,最佳温度是 150-170 °C。 最简单的膨化技术是筛选、 清洗、 烘干, 再将其炒制膨化成为炒 米花的方法。使用连续工艺的生产方法有: 连续挤压膨化和气流膨化 技术。
A、 连续挤压机: 它具有压缩、 混合、 混炼、 熔融、 膨化、 成型 7 等功能。使产品形成多孔结构, 然后膨化的物料被旋转刀切成一定大 小的产品。在生产中最常使用的是单螺杆挤压机和双螺杆挤压机。这 种方法三个筒的温度在短时间从 80°C- 140°C升高到 160°C,有的膨 化筒最高温度在 150〜210°C。 所以, 高温可以消灭培养基中的细菌。 另外, 淀粉糊化和蛋白质变性以后能被灵芝菌更好地利用。所以, 挤 压膨化是生产中的技术关键。 从结构上: 分一根轴或两根轴, 称为单 螺杆膨化机及双螺杆膨化机;最为常见的是右旋单嫘杆和同向平双双 螺杆。 从工作方式上: 按照物料进入膨化机机筒(膨化腔)前是否经 蒸汽调质分为干法膨化机和湿法膨化机。若经蒸汽调质, 则为湿法工 作模式; 反之, 则为干法。 蒸汽调质的目的: 提升料温、 软化及部 分予熟化物料、 补充一定水分。对于绝大多数 l料, 湿法膨化比千法 膨化效率高。 因此, 所需要的机械能较千法少, 更多的能量可以用来 提高产量。 A外, 由于物料的软化, 对螺杆、 机筒的磨损也会降低。 由于干 /湿法两种方法在生产时物料迸入机筒的性状不同。湿法迸入 机筒是湿热的软物料, 干法进入机筒是生冷的硬物料, 因此, 对主轴 系及挤压螺旋的配置要求也不同。 换言之, 干法机可以湿法生产, 而 湿法机不一定能干法使用。 本发明技术干法机和湿法机都可以使用; 挤压膨化机生产的最佳温度是 150 170 °C。
B、 气流膨化技术: 目前, 发展起来的气流膨化设备, 每小时产 量在 25-50公斤。 还有双气流膨化系统产量更大, 可达 300 500公 斤 /小时、 与传统方式机型相比节能达 1/3。 罐内温度达到 200°C, 粮 食原料体积增加 10倍。 温度越高, 膨胀体积越大。 在本发明生产中8 原料体积膨化增大, 不是最终的目的和效果。 需要的是消灭细菌, 适 当膨胀体积 3-5倍就达到目的。 现在, 新设备使用了温度传感系统, 可以即时反映罐内的正确温度。由于 150- 180°C在短暂的几秒内就能 够杀死微生物。所以, 生产中根据温度指示, 只要达到杀菌要求就可 以了。气流膨化工作范围 150- 200 °C,本发明工艺不需要 200°C高温, 可以达到节能低碳。 本发明技术最佳温度是 150-170 °C。
5、 本发明的特征是: 实现挤压造粒, 挤压膨化的物料有米粒形、 方形、 园形 、 长方形 、 菱形以及其它几何形状或者气流膨化保持粮 食颗粒的原形。本发明形成一定形状的目的是让培养料能够和液体灵 芝菌种充分混合和造型。 气流膨化技术处理以后的培养料, 如小麦、 玉米都保持原来的形状, 颗粒状的小麦、玉米培养料能够和液体灵芝 菌种充分混合。 挤压造型以后的颗粒有利于灵芝菌的生长、 发育。
6、 本发明的特征是: 膨化处理以后的冷却工艺, 使温度达到 25 以下。膨化技术处理以后的小麦、 玉米培养料的温度比较高。 液体 灵芝菌种是活的生命, 不适合 25 °C以上的温度, 所以, 需要采取冷 却工艺, 使温度达到 25°C以下。 双螺杆挤压膨化机的物料在高温的 管道中有 8-10秒的时间, 达到消毒效果。 它的水冷却系统, 可以使 物料温度降低到 85 °C左右, 有利于在 GMP 条件下生产应用。 本发明使用风冷却技术, 或者使用自然冷却技术, 使温度达到 25 °C 以下再进行北虫草菌接种的工艺。
7、 本发明的特征是: 接种液体灵芝菌种, 培养料和液体的比例 是 100: 100-500, 最合适的范围是: 培养料: 液体 = 100: 110 - 300。9 获得液体灵芝菌种的方法是: 液体灵芝菌种按照已知的常规方法生 产, 使用时可以加入维生素、 无机盐添加剂和水组成的液体(经过高 压灭菌处理后)。 还可以利用固体灵芝菌种在 GMP 条件下或者是无 菌室的无菌要求下, 加入 2-5倍体积的无菌液体 (水), 用搅拌机、 匀浆机打碎成为液体灵芝菌种。用液体灵芝菌种和膨化后的培养料拌 和均匀。 以往的培养料经过高压灭菌或者 8小时蒸煮以后是潮湿的, 含水量在 80-150%。经过膨化的培养料含水量在 6-18 %,本方法使用 液体的数量比较大; 这与过去传统的方法有完全的不同。液体可以用 无菌水或者生理盐水补充。无菌水、生理盐水可以用普通的消毒方法 或者过滤的技术获得。 8、 本发明的特征是: 培养料和液体灵芝菌种混合成方形、 园桶 形 、 长方形 、 菱形以及其它几何形状, 装入容器内。 成型的方法有 手工或者半机械充填,或者用流水线生产。制造成一定形状的目的是: 让培养料能够和液体灵芝菌种充分混合,通常用电动搅拌的方法在搅 拌槽内完成。 按照常规方法容器是塑料袋 (箱、 瓶、 棒、 盒) 容器, 纸质材料容器、纸塑可回收材料容器或玻璃容器内进行手工生产, 或 者半机械充填, 或者用流水线生产。培养料和搅拌槽内完成以后, 成 型生产工序中流水线生产的套模歩骤是: 容器先入套槽, 再灌料, 滚 压成型, 出槽, 加盖, 上架, 培育, 出草。 或者使用压模成型的方法 是: 料种混合后, 经过压模成块, 再装入容器, 加盖, 上架, 培育, 出草。 前者容器先入槽, 然后灌料加盖; 后者料种压模成块, 再装入 容器, 加盖。 所以, 本发明的特征是: 成型流水线生产的套模歩骤或 ^ 者使用压模成型的方法。为了在超级市场上销售,可以在容器上套袋, 培养料和灵芝菌种的混合物在袋内生长, 成熟以后, 顾客拿走袋内成 品。容器的作用是保持生长空间、超级市场上销售和运输方便。在这 里容器可以重复使用, 能够达到节能低碳的效果。这种容器中有一定 生长空间。还可以在容器中不保留生长空间, 成熟的子实体长出表面 以后, 用另外的塑料袋(箱、 瓶、 盒) 容器, 纸质材料容器、 纸塑可 回收材料容器或玻璃容器套上, 进行子实体的生长管理的方法。
9、 经过以上歩骤就可以根据已知的栽培技术进行管理, 本方法 可以自动化生产管理。 自动化生产管理表现在: 备料, 膨化过程, 降 温, 接种, 分装成型, 运到培养室, 培养室内的温度、 湿度、 光照度 管理, 收割过程, 都可以实现机械化或者自动化生产。
10、 本发明的特征是: 所涉及的灵芝科种类, 以国家菌种中心 已经保藏的灵芝科菌种为新方法栽培的品种(专利申请日以前在菌种 中心保藏的灵芝科菌种); 主要有: 白边灵芝 、 南方树舌、 闽南 灵芝、 贵州灵芝、 层迭树舌、 无柄灵芝、 三明树舌 、 紫芝、 热带 灵芝、 松杉灵芝、 黑灵芝、 薄树芝、 黄灵芝、 无柄灵芝、 山东灵 芝、 密纹灵芝、 拱状灵芝、 大孔灵芝、 华中灵芝、 西藏灵芝、 台湾 灵芝 、 扁木灵芝、 密纹树舌、 灵芝 Ganoderma Lucidum、 松杉灵 芝、 海南灵芝、 紫灵芝 、 韩国灵芝、 鹿角灵芝、 樟芝 , 用以 上菌种制做液体菌种接种在膨化的粮食类培养料中完成的新技术、新 方法。 液体菌种的方法已经在前面进行叙述。 使用新方法有如下优点: 本发明 "工业化节能低碳培育灵芝的方 11 法" , 特点是: 1、 利用粮食类原料能够膨化的原理, 快速升温消毒, 达到节能低碳、 缩短生产时间的目的; 2、 玻璃瓶、 塑料瓶之类的包 装容器不需要升温处理, 可以节能低碳; 3、 能够流水线上培育灵芝, 为降低成本、 实行自动化生产, 开辟了广阔的前景; 4、 可以实现灵 芝以及有效成分加工的全程质量控制, 为中医药产品走向国际市场奠 定了可靠的基础。
下面通过实例进行说明:
实施例 1 : 使用小麦 20公斤, 玉米 75公斤, 米糠 5公斤, 再加入 0. 3公斤 柠檬酸铵, 0 .1 公斤钾盐, 0.05 公斤硫酸镁, 0.5 公斤碳酸钙混合以后, 经过双螺杆膨化机 150~170°C挤压膨化, 得到 米粒形培养料。 ¾嫘杆挤压膨化机的物料在高温的管道中有 8-10秒 的时间, 达到消毒效果。 它的水冷却系统, 可以使物料温度降低到 85°C左右。 在 GMP条件下冷却, 使温度达到 25°C以下, 和液体北虫 草菌种充分混合, 料水比 100: 150, 在塑料瓶容器和玻璃瓶容器内 进行充填, 每个容器加入 0.5公斤混合培养料, 封口。 在培养料的表 面被菌丝布满以后, 增加通气量。 按照已知的栽培技术管理。 从而, 得到子实体、还可以收集半圆形、椭圆形、树枝形或球形的新鲜原基, 成为灵芝商品。收集新鲜的灵芝原基或子实体以后, 培养基部分是具 有可食性的灵芝菌丝体 (即菌糠、 菌渣) 。
实施例 2: 使用小麦 25公斤, 玉米 50公斤, 高粱米 15公斤, 米糠 3公斤, 麸皮 2公斤, 再加入 0. 3公斤 柠檬酸铵, 0 .1 公斤钾 盐, 0.05 公斤硫酸镁, 0.5公斤碳酸钙混合以后, 经过 150- 17CTC 气 12 流膨化, 得到原来形状的膨化培养料。 冷却, 使温度达到 25 Ό以下 接种。和液体灵芝菌种充分混合, 液体灵芝菌种内含有添加的维生素 B和酵母。 料水比 100: 180, 经过流水生产线在塑料容器内进行机 械充填, 每个方形容器加入 0.22 公斤混合培养料, 封口。 在容器中 不保留生长空间, 菌丝体长满表面以后, 就可以长途运输到另外的城 市。 用另外的塑料袋(箱、 瓶、 盒) 容器, 纸质材料容器、 纸塑可回 收材料容器或玻璃容器套上。 按照已知的栽培技术管理, 收获产品。
实施例 3 : 使用小麦 20公斤, 玉米 65公斤, 高粱米 10公斤, 米糠 3公斤, 粉碎的海带 0.2公斤, 再加入 0. 3公斤 柠檬酸铵, 0 .1 公斤钾盐, 0.05 公斤硫酸镁, 0.5公斤碳酸钙和 0. 6g的微量元素硒。 混合以后,经过双嫘杆膨化机挤压膨化,得到颗粒粒形培养料。冷却, 使温度达到 25°C以下接种。 和液体灵芝菌种充分混合, 料水比 100: 120, 成型生产工序中套模歩骤是: 容器先进入套槽, 再灌料, 滚压 成型, 出槽, 加盖, 每个容器加入 0.5公斤混合培养料, 封口, 上架, 培育, 出草。 为了在超级市场上销售, 可以在容器上套袋, 培养料和 灵芝菌种的混合物在袋内生长, 成熟以后, 顾客拿走袋内成品。
实施例 4:
使用小麦 20公斤,玉米 80公斤,经过气流膨化设备 150- 160 °C, 得到粒形培养料。 冷却, 使温度达到 25 °C以下接种。 把 0. 3公斤 柠 檬酸铵, 0 .1 公斤钾盐, 0.05 公斤硫酸镁, 加入酵母 0.5公斤, 混合 以后溶入十公斤的水中, 经过高压灭菌处理, 和液体灵芝菌种混合, 搅拌灵芝菌种充分混合, 使料水比 100: 180; 如果, 液体灵芝菌种 13 和无机盐、维生素水不够 180公斤,可以用无菌水或者生理盐水补足。 无菌水、生理盐水可以用普通的消毒方法或者过滤的技术获得。搅拌 以后, 在方形塑料瓶容器内进行充填, 每个容器加入 1公斤混合培养 料。 使用压模成型的方法是: 料种混合后, 经过压模成块, 再装入容 器, 加盖, 上架, 培育, 按照已知的栽培技术管理。
参考文献:
1、 林志彬: 灵芝的现代研究, 北京医科大学出版社, 2001 年 3月 第 2版 94、 157、 310
2、林树钱: 中国药用菌生产与开发, 中国农业出版社, 2000 年 11月 第 1版 211、 257

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 工业化节能低碳培育灵芝的方法, 本发明的特征是: 以小麦、 玉米为培养基, 以维生素和无机盐为添加剂, 通过膨化处理实现升温 消毒, 实现挤压造粒, 接种液体灵芝菌种, 混合成型, 装入容器内, 根据已知的栽培技术进行管理的方法, 本方法可以产业化、 自动化生 、、
2.根据权利要求 1 所说的方法,本发明的特征是:以小麦、玉米、 大米、 小米、 黄米、 青稞、 荞麦、 大麦、 高粱米为培养基, 各种粮食 类的成分总和在 97 100 %。
3.根据权利要求 1 所说的的方法,其特征是: 以蛋白质、 维生 素和无机盐为添加剂, 比例为 0 - 3 %。
4.根据权利要求 1 所说的的方法,其特征是: 通过膨化处理实 现升温消毒, 使培养基原料形成多孔结构, 膨化生产的温度 150 - 210°C , 最佳温度是 150~170Ό。
5.根据权利要求 1 所说的的方法,其特征是: 实现挤压造粒, 挤压膨化的物料有米粒形、 方形、 园形 、 长方形 、 菱形以及其 它几何形状或者气流膨化保持粮食颗粒的原形 。
6.根据权利要求 1 所说的的方法,其特征是: 膨化处理以后的 冷却工艺, 使温度达到 25°C以下。
7.根据权利要求 1 所说的的方法,其特征是: 接种液体灵芝菌 种, 培养料和液体的比例是 100: 100-500, 最合适的范围是: 培 养料: 液体 = 100: 110 - 300。
8.根据权利要求 1所说的的方法,其特征是: 培养料和液体灵 芝菌种混合成方形、 园桶形 、 长方形 、 菱形以及其它几何形状, 装入容器内。
9.根据权利要求 1所说的的方法,其特征是: 成型流水线生产 的套模或者压模的方法。
10.根据权利要求 1 所说的的方法,其特征是: 本发明的特征 是: 所涉及的灵芝科种类, 以国家菌种中心已经保藏的灵芝科菌 种为新方法栽培的品种 (专利申请日以前在菌种中心保藏的灵芝 科菌种); 主要有: 白边灵芝 、 南方树舌、 闽南灵芝、 贵州灵 芝、 层迭树舌、 无柄灵芝、 三明树舌 、 紫芝、 热带灵芝、 松 杉灵芝、 黑灵芝、 薄树芝、 黄灵芝、 无柄灵芝、 山东灵芝、 密 纹灵芝、拱状灵芝、大孔灵芝、华中灵芝、西藏灵芝、 台湾灵芝 、 扁木灵芝、密纹树舌、灵芝 Ganoderma Lucidum、松杉灵芝、 海 南灵芝、 紫灵芝 、 韩国灵芝、 樟芝 , 用以上菌种制做液体菌 种接种在膨化的粮食类培养料中完成的新技术、 新方法。
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