WO2011111696A1 - 発泡体用組成物、その製造方法、及び発泡体 - Google Patents
発泡体用組成物、その製造方法、及び発泡体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011111696A1 WO2011111696A1 PCT/JP2011/055362 JP2011055362W WO2011111696A1 WO 2011111696 A1 WO2011111696 A1 WO 2011111696A1 JP 2011055362 W JP2011055362 W JP 2011055362W WO 2011111696 A1 WO2011111696 A1 WO 2011111696A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- copolymer
- component
- vinyl aromatic
- foam
- mass
- Prior art date
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- -1 vinyl aromatic compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 75
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- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FBBATURSCRIBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyldisulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC FBBATURSCRIBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLFNHRIZTXWZHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyltrisulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC KLFNHRIZTXWZHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFRDHGNFBLIJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC=C LFRDHGNFBLIJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSXKIRYGYMKWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(2-trimethoxysilylethyltetrasulfanyl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCSSSSCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC JSXKIRYGYMKWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms
- C08L23/0869—Acids or derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B1/00—Footwear characterised by the material
- A43B1/14—Footwear characterised by the material made of plastics
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a foam composition, a method for producing the same, and a foam.
- foam materials have attracted attention from the viewpoint of weight reduction.
- a material obtained by simply foaming a composition made of a resin or an elastomer has a problem that the mechanical strength is lowered, and deterioration, settling, etc. are caused in long-term use.
- a light-weight and high mechanical strength crosslinked foam is obtained, which is widely used as automobile parts, building materials, various packaging materials, daily necessities and the like.
- an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) is known.
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
- the tension at the time of melting is low, it is easy to defoam, and the specific gravity increases without increasing the foaming ratio. Furthermore, there is a problem that rough skin due to defoaming appears remarkably.
- Patent Document 1 describes a crosslinked foamed product obtained by crosslinking and foaming an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer using an organic peroxide, a crosslinking aid and a foaming agent.
- Patent Document 2 describes a crosslinked foam obtained by crosslinking and foaming a composition obtained by adding EVA and / or low density polyethylene to an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer.
- modification of a crosslinked foam and improvement of physical properties have been studied by adding a styrene block copolymer to an ethylene copolymer.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that a styrene block is added to an ethylene copolymer. A cross-linked foam to which a copolymer is added at a specific ratio is described.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is a lightweight foam that maintains high hardness and has excellent peel strength and compression set, and a foam for obtaining the foam.
- An object is to provide a composition.
- the present inventors have found that a specific olefin copolymer composition maintains a high hardness while being lightweight, and has excellent peeling strength and compression set. It has been found that it can become a body, and the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- a foam composition comprising: The mass ratio (A / B) of the component (A) to the component (B) is 5/95 to 100/0, The total amount of the component (A) and the component (B) is 100 parts by mass, the component (C) is 0.5 to 35 parts by mass, the component (E) is 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, The component (D) is 0.1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (C), Each foam composition is contained.
- (BI) A vinyl aromatic copolymer containing a vinyl aromatic compound and a conjugated diene, and / or a vinyl aromatic copolymer containing a vinyl aromatic compound and an alkylene (B-II) having an unsaturated group Having ethylene-based copolymer
- the component (BI) contains 5 to 90% by mass of a vinyl aromatic monomer unit and 5 to 65% by mass of a conjugated diene monomer unit, as described in [1] or [2] above Foam composition.
- the component (C) is an inorganic filler selected from the group consisting of silica-based inorganic fillers, metal oxides and metal hydroxides, and has an average dispersed particle size of 0.01 to 4 ⁇ m. Thru
- the Tan ⁇ peak obtained by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement (1 Hz) of the vinyl aromatic copolymer as the component (BI) is in the range of more than 0 ° C and not more than 30 ° C, and the Tan ⁇ value of 15 ° C is The foam composition according to any one of [1] to [7], which is 0.4 or more.
- B-II an ethylene having an unsaturated group Copolymer [12] At least (A) an olefin copolymer, (B) a copolymer of the following (BI) and / or (B-II), (C) an inorganic filler, and (D) an organic silane coupling agent , A step of melt-kneading in advance at a temperature of 120 ° C.
- a foam comprising an olefin copolymer composition having a specific gravity of 0.01 to 0.70 and a hardness (Shore C) of 15 to 70.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a foam that maintains a high hardness while being lightweight and has excellent peel strength and compression set, and a foam composition for obtaining the foam.
- the present embodiment a mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the present embodiment”) will be described in detail.
- this invention is not limited to the following description, It can implement by changing variously within the range of the summary.
- the foam composition of the present embodiment is a composition before foaming for obtaining a foam.
- the composition for foams of this embodiment can also be set as a crosslinked foam by making it bridge
- a crosslinked foam is also included.
- the foam composition of the present embodiment is (A) an olefin copolymer; (B) a copolymer which is the following (BI) and / or the following (B-II): (C) an inorganic filler; (D) an organosilane coupling agent; (E) a foaming agent; Is a composition for foams.
- the mass ratio (A / B) of the component (A) to the component (B) is 5/95 to 100/0, The total amount of the component (A) and the component (B) is 100 parts by mass, the component (C) is 0.5 to 35 parts by mass, the component (E) is 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, The component (D) is 0.1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (C), Each is contained.
- each monomer unit constituting the polymer follows the naming of the monomer from which the monomer unit is derived.
- vinyl aromatic monomer unit means a structural unit of a polymer resulting from polymerization of a vinyl aromatic compound as a monomer, and the structure thereof is a substituted ethylene group derived from a substituted vinyl group. This is a molecular structure in which the two carbons are binding sites.
- conjugated diene monomer unit means a structural unit of a polymer resulting from the polymerization of a monomer, conjugated diene, and its structure is composed of two olefins derived from a conjugated diene monomer. It is a molecular structure in which carbon is the binding site.
- the (A) olefin copolymer (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as the component (A)) constituting the foam composition of the present embodiment is mainly composed of an ⁇ -olefin such as ethylene and propylene.
- an ⁇ -olefin such as ethylene and propylene.
- Any of the copolymers obtained by polymerizing one or more monomers selected from, for example, ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutylene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and the like may be used.
- ethylene, butene, methylpentene, propylene homopolymer, ethylene-propylene copolymer, propylene block copolymer, and propylene random copolymer are preferable.
- the olefin copolymer also includes hydrogenated products of polymers of conjugated diene monomers such as butadiene and isoprene.
- polymers of conjugated diene monomers such as butadiene and isoprene.
- a mixture of polymers having different molecular weights and compositions. Is also included.
- ethylene copolymers are preferable.
- ethylene copolymer By using an ethylene copolymer as the olefin copolymer, excellent crosslinkability can be obtained when the foamable composition of the present embodiment is crosslinked to form a crosslinked foam. It does not specifically limit as an ethylene-type copolymer, A well-known thing can be used.
- PE polyethylene
- EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer
- An ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer which is a low crystalline random copolymer comprising, and a block copolymer containing ethylene and ⁇ -olefin (for example, a hard segment is crystalline polyethylene and a soft segment is ethylene-octene) And a multi-block copolymer composed of random blocks).
- polyethylene When using polyethylene as an olefin type copolymer, the kind is not limited and a well-known thing can be used. Examples thereof include high density polyethylene, ultra high molecular weight high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, and ultra low density polyethylene.
- the olefin copolymer may be three or more types of copolymers composed of ethylene and two or more types of compounds other than ethylene.
- a copolymer (terpolymer) composed of ethylene and two types of ⁇ -olefin, or a copolymer composed of ethylene, ⁇ -olefin and an unsaturated carboxylic acid (acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, etc.).
- a polymer obtained by crosslinking a polymer ion with a metal ion such as Na + , K + , Ag + , Cu ++ , Ba ++ , Zn ++ , or Fe ++ (ionomer) can also be used.
- the olefin copolymer is an ethylene and carbon atom from the viewpoints of the moldability, peel strength, and compression set of the foam composition of the present embodiment, among the various polymers described above.
- An ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer comprising an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 10 carbon atoms is preferred, an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer comprising an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferred, and ethylene / carbon. More preferred are copolymers mainly composed of propylene or 1-butene having 3 or 4 atoms. Specific examples include “TAFMER” manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer can be obtained by a known polymerization method. For example, a method of polymerizing in an inert solvent such as hexane, heptane, toluene or xylene using a polymerization catalyst such as a Ziegler-Natta catalyst or a metallocene catalyst can be mentioned.
- the melt flow rate (according to JIS K-7210: 190 ° C., 2.16 kg load) of the (A) olefin copolymer described above is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 100 g / 10 min.
- any of the conventionally known methods can be applied to the above-described polymerization method of the (A) olefin copolymer. Examples thereof include transition polymerization, radical polymerization, and ionic polymerization.
- (A) an olefin type copolymer may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more types in consideration of a function etc.
- EVA may be used in combination for the purpose of improving adhesiveness.
- the (B) copolymer constituting the foam composition of the present embodiment includes (BI) a vinyl aromatic copolymer and / or (BII) an ethylene copolymer having an unsaturated group. It is.
- the (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as the (BI) component) is a copolymer containing a vinyl aromatic compound and a conjugated diene, and / or A copolymer containing a vinyl aromatic compound and alkylene.
- the content of the vinyl aromatic monomer unit and the content of the conjugated diene monomer unit in the (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer are not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of productivity and ( The specific gravity, hardness, physical properties and impact resilience of the desired (crosslinked) foam can be adjusted from the viewpoints of defoaming, loss of shape, etc. (molding stability), and desired light resistance and heat resistance. The degree of sex can be changed arbitrarily.
- the (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer is a copolymer containing a vinyl aromatic compound and a conjugated diene, as a constituent unit other than the vinyl aromatic monomer unit and the conjugated diene monomer unit, Other polymerizable monomers may be contained as long as the purpose of the present embodiment is not impaired.
- the vinyl aromatic monomer unit is 5 to 90% by mass, and the conjugated diene monomer is a single amount. It preferably contains 5 to 65% by mass of body units.
- the conjugated diene monomer unit is preferably in the above numerical range by hydrogenation after copolymerization. For example, 20% by mass of vinyl aromatic monomer unit and 80% by mass of conjugated diene monomer unit. % Of the vinyl aromatic copolymer comprising 60% of the unsaturated bond of the conjugated diene monomer unit selectively hydrogenated, resulting in the vinyl aromatic monomer.
- the unit is 20% by mass and the conjugated diene monomer unit is 32% by mass (32% by mass, which is 40% of 80% by mass of the conjugated diene monomer unit, remains without being hydrogenated).
- (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer corresponds to (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer.
- the vinyl aromatic monomer unit constituting the (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer is not particularly limited, and known ones can be used.
- styrene, o-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, 1,3-dimethylstyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, divinylbenzene, 1,1-diphenylethylene, vinylnaphthalene, vinylanthracene, etc. Can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the vinyl aromatic monomer unit constituting the (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer is the viewpoint of productivity and various molding stability viewpoints such as defoaming and loss of shape of the foam. From the viewpoint of peel strength, crosslinkability, and specific gravity, 90% by mass or less is preferable. More preferably, it is 10 to 85% by mass, and further preferably 15 to 80% by mass.
- the content of the vinyl aromatic monomer unit can be measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum analysis (NMR) as shown in the examples described later.
- the vinyl aromatic monomer unit in the component (BI) is preferably 35% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, and further preferably 25% by mass or less.
- the content of vinyl aromatic monomer units in the (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer is 35 to 90% by mass. It is preferably 40 to 85% by mass, more preferably 40 to 80% by mass.
- at least one vinyl aromatic monomer unit contained in a polymer block mainly composed of at least one vinyl aromatic is preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more, and still more preferably. Is 60% by mass or more.
- the expansion ratio can be calculated from the specific gravity ratio before and after foaming.
- the content of the polymer block mainly composed of a vinyl aromatic compound in the vinyl aromatic copolymer is determined by converting the copolymer before hydrogenation using osmium tetroxide as a catalyst to tertiary butyl hydroperoxide.
- Vinyl fragrance obtained by a method of oxidative decomposition by the method described above (I.M. Using the weight of a polymer block mainly composed of an aromatic compound (excluding vinyl aromatic compound polymers having an average degree of polymerization of about 30 or less), the following formula is used.
- % by mass (Weight of polymer block mainly composed of vinyl aromatic compound in vinyl aromatic copolymer before hydrogenation / Weight of vinyl aromatic copolymer before hydrogenation) ⁇ 100
- “mainly” means 60% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and further preferably 95% by mass or more.
- the conjugated diene contained in the component (BI) is not particularly limited and is publicly known.
- a diolefin having a pair of conjugated double bonds can be used, such as 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene), 2,3-dimethyl-1,3- Butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, myrcene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-pentadiene, 3-phenyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-hexyl-1,3
- the content of the conjugated diene monomer unit contained in the component (BI) is From the viewpoint of crosslinkability in the case of obtaining a cross-linked foam by adjusting the mechanical strength of the target foam or by cross-linking, it is preferably 5 to 65% by mass, more preferably 7 to 50% by mass. More preferably, it is 10 to 40% by mass, and still more preferably 15 to 40% by mass.
- the component (BI) is preferably hydrogenated from the viewpoint of light resistance, heat resistance or foamability, and the content of the conjugated diene monomer unit is the amount before hydrogenation based on the conjugated diene compound. It can change arbitrarily by adjusting the hydrogenation rate to an unsaturated bond.
- the crosslinking of (A) the olefin copolymer and (BI) the vinyl aromatic copolymer can be adjusted to the same extent. As a result, there is little cross-linking unevenness, fine and uniform foaming is generated, and furthermore, cross-linking foaming with a high closed cell degree is obtained, so that compression set, rebound resilience, peel strength are excellent, and appearance is also excellent. A cross-linked foam can be obtained.
- the microstructure (cis, trans, vinyl ratio) of the conjugated diene moiety before hydrogenation can be arbitrarily changed by using polar compounds, etc.
- the vinyl bond content in the diene is preferably 5% or more, and from the viewpoint of mechanical strength, it is preferably 80% or less. More preferably, it is 10% to 70%, and further preferably 15% to 60%.
- the component (BI) is conjugated diene monomer by hydrogenation. It is preferable to use one obtained by hydrogenating 70% or more of the unit vinyl bond amount.
- the vinyl bond content based on the conjugated diene in the vinyl aromatic copolymer, the hydrogenation rate of the copolymer, and the microstructure of the conjugated diene portion before hydrogenation (cis, trans, The ratio of vinyl can be measured using a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus (NMR).
- the vinyl aromatic copolymer a vinyl aromatic copolymer containing a vinyl aromatic compound and an alkylene together with the above-mentioned copolymer of a vinyl aromatic compound and a conjugated diene or alone.
- the alkylene contained in the component (BI) is not particularly limited, and a known one can be used.
- ⁇ -olefin monomers specifically, ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutylene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and the like can be mentioned.
- ethylene, butene, methylpentene, and propylene are preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the structure of the (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer is not particularly limited, and any structure can be used, but those particularly recommended are selected from the following general formulas (1) to (19) It is a vinyl aromatic copolymer having at least one structure.
- E is a polymer block mainly composed of conjugated diene and / or alkylene.
- the conjugated diene may or may not be hydrogenated.
- m is an integer of 2 or more, preferably 2 to 10
- n and p are 1 or more, preferably an integer of 1 to 10.
- X represents a coupling agent residue or a polyfunctional initiator residue. Note that “mainly” means 60% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and further preferably 95% by mass or more.
- a conjugated diene and / or alkylene and a copolymer block S mainly composed of a vinyl aromatic compound hereinafter also simply referred to as a copolymer block (S).
- the distribution of the vinyl aromatic compound in the case of hydrogenation may or may not be hydrogenated) of the content of the vinyl aromatic monomer unit in the above-mentioned (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer.
- BI vinyl aromatic monomer unit
- the range is satisfied, it is not particularly limited, and it may be distributed uniformly, or may be distributed in a tapered shape, a stepped shape, a convex shape, or a concave shape.
- the copolymer block (S) a plurality of segments having different vinyl aromatic compound contents may coexist.
- the (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer is based on the conjugated diene compound.
- the distribution of hydrogenation of double bonds is not particularly limited. Depending on the properties such as mechanical strength, many double bonds based on the conjugated diene compound may exist in one or more molecular terminal block portions of the copolymer.
- the melt flow rate (JIS K-7210: 190 ° C., 2.16 kg load) of the vinyl aromatic copolymer is determined by molding processability, flexibility in the crosslinked foam, peel strength, tensile strength and resistance. From the viewpoint of compression set, it is preferably 0.01 or more and 60 or less (measurement unit: g / 10 minutes), more preferably 0.1 or more and 40 or less, and further preferably 0.5 or more and 35 or less. And even more preferably 1.0 or more and 30 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight of the (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer is preferably 30,000 or more from the viewpoint of mechanical strength such as tensile strength, peel strength, and compression set resistance in the foam, From the viewpoint of moldability, it is preferably 500,000 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight of the (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer is more preferably in the range of 40,000 to 400,000, and further preferably in the range of 50,000 to 300,000.
- the molecular weight distribution of the (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer is preferably 1.01 to 6.00, more preferably 1.03 to 5.00 from the viewpoint of moldability. The range of 03 to 2.00 is more preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer can be measured using gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the method for producing the (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- the block copolymer before hydrogenation of the conjugated diene and the vinyl aromatic compound is, for example, It can be obtained by living anionic polymerization using an initiator such as an organic alkali metal compound in a hydrocarbon solvent.
- hydrocarbon solvent examples include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane; cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methylcycloheptane, and the like.
- Alicyclic hydrocarbons; or aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene.
- the block copolymer of alkylene and vinyl aromatic compound is, for example, transition polymerization , Radical polymerization, ionic polymerization and the like.
- the hydrogenation catalyst to be used is not particularly limited.
- a so-called organometallic compound such as Ti, Ru, Rh, or Zr.
- a homogeneous hydrogenation catalyst such as an organometallic complex is used. Specific examples of hydrogenation catalysts include Japanese Patent Publication No.
- the hydrogenation catalyst described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-9041 can be used.
- Preferred hydrogenation catalysts include a mixture with a titanocene compound and / or a reducing organometallic compound.
- the hydrogenation reaction is usually carried out in the temperature range of 0 to 200 ° C., preferably 30 to 150 ° C.
- the pressure of hydrogen used in the hydrogenation reaction is usually 0.1 to 15 MPa, preferably 0.2 to 10 MPa, more preferably 0.3 to 5 MPa.
- the hydrogenation reaction time is usually 3 minutes to 10 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 5 hours.
- the hydrogenation reaction can be any of a batch process, a continuous process, or a combination thereof.
- (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer includes various phenol stabilizers, phosphorus stabilizers, sulfur stabilizers. Stabilizers such as amine stabilizers can be added.
- a vinyl aromatic copolymer is a modified vinyl aromatic copolymer to which at least one atomic group having a predetermined functional group is bonded by reacting with a functional group-containing compound.
- Functional groups include, for example, hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, thiocarbonyl groups, acid halide groups, acid anhydride groups, carboxyl groups, thiocarboxylic acid groups, aldehyde groups, thioaldehyde groups, carboxylic acid ester groups, amide groups, sulfonic acids Group, sulfonate group, phosphate group, phosphate group, amino group, imino group, cyano group, pyridyl group, quinoline group, epoxy group, thioepoxy group, sulfide group, isocyanate group, isothiocyanate group, silicon halide And an atomic group containing at least one functional group selected from a group, a silanol group, an alkoxysilane
- Such a modified vinyl aromatic copolymer is, for example, using a polymerization initiator having a functional group or an unsaturated monomer having a functional group, hydrogenating the copolymer obtained by polymerization, It is obtained by subjecting a copolymer having a living end obtained by anionic polymerization to an addition reaction with a modifier that forms or contains a functional group and then hydrogenating the copolymer.
- a functional group is contained in a polymer in which an organic alkali metal compound such as an organolithium compound is reacted (metalation reaction) with a block copolymer. And a method of subjecting the modifier to an addition reaction.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 0 to 150 ° C., more preferably 20 to 120 ° C.
- the time required for the denaturation reaction varies depending on other conditions, but is preferably within 24 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 10 hours.
- the hydroxyl group or amino group may be an organometallic salt at the stage of reaction with the modifier. Thus, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, or the like can be obtained.
- a partially modified vinyl aromatic copolymer may be mixed with the modified vinyl aromatic copolymer.
- the modified vinyl aromatic copolymer described above is added to the functional group of the modified vinyl aromatic copolymer.
- a secondary modified vinyl aromatic copolymer obtained by further reacting a secondary modifier having reactivity with a group can be obtained.
- the secondary modifier is a secondary modifier having a functional group reactive with the functional group of the modified copolymer, preferably a carboxyl group, an acid anhydride group, an isocyanate group, an epoxy group, a silanol group, an alkoxy group. It is a secondary modifier having a functional group selected from silane groups.
- the secondary modifier is a secondary modifier having at least two functional groups selected from these functional groups.
- the acid modifier group may be one secondary modifier.
- the secondary modifier is preferably 0.3 to 10 moles per equivalent of functional group bonded to the modified vinyl aromatic copolymer. Is 0.4 to 5 mol, more preferably 0.5 to 4 mol.
- the method for reacting the modified vinyl aromatic copolymer and the secondary modifier is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. Examples thereof include a melt kneading method described later and a method of reacting each component by dissolving or dispersing and mixing them in a solvent.
- Secondary modifiers include carboxylic acids having two or more carboxyl groups or acid anhydrides thereof, or secondary modifiers having two or more acid anhydride groups, isocyanate groups, epoxy groups, silanol groups, and alkoxysilane groups. Particularly preferred are, for example, maleic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, toluylene diisocyanate, tetraglycidyl-1,3-bisaminomethylcyclohexane Bis- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -tetrasulfane and the like.
- the modified product of (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer is modified by graft modification with ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid or its derivative, for example, its anhydride, esterified product, amidated product, imidized product.
- Copolymers can also be used.
- Specific examples of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof include maleic anhydride, maleic anhydride imide, acrylic acid or ester thereof, methacrylic acid or ester thereof, endo-cis-bicyclo [2,2,1 ] -5-heptene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof.
- the addition amount of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof is usually 0.01 to 20 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of (BI) vinyl aromatic compound.
- the reaction temperature for graft modification is preferably 100 to 300 ° C, more preferably 120 to 280 ° C.
- JP-A-62-79211 JP-A-62-79211.
- the vinyl aromatic copolymer When the vinyl aromatic copolymer is a modified vinyl aromatic copolymer or a secondary modified vinyl aromatic copolymer, it binds to the modified vinyl aromatic copolymer.
- the interaction between the oxygen atom and carbonyl group and the polar group such as polyolefin-based thermoplastic resin, inorganic filler, and polar group-containing additive is effectively expressed by physical affinity such as hydrogen bond. The effect that the invention aims at can be further demonstrated. .
- the Tan ⁇ peak temperature obtained by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement (1 Hz) of a vinyl aromatic copolymer can be arbitrarily changed according to the rebound resilience of the desired foam.
- the Tan ⁇ peak temperature of the (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer is in the range of more than 0 ° C. and not more than 30 ° C., and the Tan ⁇ value of 15 ° C. It is preferably 0.4 or more, and the rebound resilience of the (crosslinked) foam is preferably 30% or less.
- the Tan ⁇ peak temperature of the (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymer is 0 ° C. or less, and the resilience of the foam is 30 to 80%. Is preferred.
- the vinyl aromatic copolymer may contain a random copolymer block of a vinyl aromatic compound and a hydrogenated conjugated diene and / or alkylene, Vinyl content and distribution derived from conjugated diene before hydrogenation, and hydrogenation amount of conjugated diene, or amount and distribution of ⁇ -olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms derived from alkylene, molecular weight distribution, inclusion of blocks mainly composed of vinyl aromatic compounds A method of adjusting the amount is mentioned.
- the sample is cut into a size of 10 mm in width and 35 mm in length, and the sample is set in the twist type geometry of the device ARES (trade name, manufactured by TI Instruments Inc.).
- the effective measurement length is 25 mm
- the strain is 0.5%
- the frequency is 1 Hz
- the peak temperature can be determined by automatic measurement of RSIOrchestrator (trade name, manufactured by TI Instruments Inc.).
- the (B) copolymer constituting the foam composition of the present embodiment has (BI) a vinyl aromatic copolymer and / or (B-II) an unsaturated group. It is composed of an ethylene copolymer, and (BI) / (B-II) is 100/0 to 0/100, preferably 60/40, more preferably 90/10. More preferably, it is 100/0.
- the (B-II) unsaturated group-containing ethylene copolymer (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “component (B-II)”) is not particularly limited, and known ones can be used.
- an ethylene-based copolymer obtained by copolymerizing ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin such as propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene and the like and a non-conjugated diene may be mentioned.
- non-conjugated diene examples include 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB), 1,4-hexadiene, 5-methylene-2-norbornene (MNB), 1,6-octadiene, and 5-methyl-1,4.
- ENB 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene
- MNB 5-methylene-2-norbornene
- 1,6-octadiene examples include 5-methyl-1,4.
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-nonconjugated diene copolymer
- An unsaturated group-containing ethylene copolymer is a modified unsaturated group-containing ethylene copolymer in which at least one atomic group having a predetermined functional group is bonded by reaction with a functional group-containing compound. It may be a coalescence.
- the atomic group having the functional group include a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, a thiocarbonyl group, an acid halide group, an acid anhydride group, a carboxyl group, a thiocarboxylate group, an aldehyde group, a thioaldehyde group, and a carboxylate ester.
- a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, an acid anhydride group, a carboxyl group, an epoxy group, an amino group, a silanol group and the like are preferable.
- a partially unsaturated unsaturated group-containing ethylene copolymer may be mixed with the modified unsaturated group-containing ethylene copolymer. Good.
- B) can be arbitrarily changed in the range of 5/95 to 100/0 depending on the specific gravity, hardness, physical properties, and impact resilience of the desired foam.
- the ratio is preferably 5/95 to 60/40, more preferably 10/90 to 55/45, still more preferably 15/85 to 50/50, and still more preferably 20/80 to 45/55.
- When a foam having high resilience is intended it is preferably 60/40 to 100/0, more preferably 70/30 to 98/2, still more preferably 75/25 to 95/5, and even more.
- the preferred range is 80/20 to 93/7.
- the mass ratio (A / B) can be controlled by adjusting the amount of raw material used when the foam composition is produced.
- (C) inorganic filler) (C) Inorganic fillers (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as component (C)) are general fillers blended into thermoplastic resins and rubber-like polymers, and are not particularly limited. Absent. From the viewpoint that (C) the inorganic filler is dispersed in the foam composition of the present embodiment and the effect of adding the inorganic filler is sufficiently exhibited, the average dispersed particle size of the (C) inorganic filler is 0. The thickness is preferably 0.01 to 4 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.02 to 1 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 0.02 to 0.5 ⁇ m. The average dispersed particle diameter of (C) inorganic filler can be determined by observing the dispersion state of the inorganic filler with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and using an image analyzer.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- an inorganic filler for example, talc, tankal, silica, calcium silicate, hydrotalcite, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, graphite, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate , Magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide and the like.
- an inorganic filler selected from the group consisting of a silica-based inorganic filler, a metal oxide, and a metal hydroxide is preferable from the viewpoint of reinforcing effect.
- the silica-based inorganic filler refers to solid particles having a chemical formula SiO 2 or Si 3 Al as a main component, for example, silica, clay, talc, mica, wollastonite, montmorillonite, zeolite. Inorganic fibrous materials such as glass fibers can be used.
- the metal oxide refers to solid particles whose main component is a chemical unit M x O y (M is a metal atom, x and y are each an integer of 1 to 6), such as alumina, titanium oxide, Magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, or the like can be used.
- a mixture of two or more kinds of metal oxides and a mixture of metal oxides and inorganic fillers other than metal oxides can also be used.
- the metal hydroxide is a hydrated inorganic filler, such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide, hydrated aluminum silicate, hydrated magnesium silicate, basic magnesium carbonate, hydrotalcite. Hydrates of calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, tin oxide, hydrates of inorganic metal compounds such as borax, and the like can be used. A mixture of two or more kinds of metal hydroxides, and a mixture of a metal hydroxide and an inorganic filler other than the metal hydroxide can also be used.
- silica and talc are preferred from the viewpoints of mechanical strength such as tensile strength, peel strength, and compression set resistance in the foam of the present embodiment.
- Silica is preferable from the viewpoint of strength.
- a silica-based inorganic filler having a hydrophobic surface, a mixture of two or more types of silica-based inorganic fillers, and a mixture of silica-based inorganic fillers and inorganic fillers other than silica-based ones can also be used.
- silica dry silica, wet silica, synthetic silicate silica, colloidal silica and the like can be used.
- the content of the (C) inorganic filler is 0.5 in terms of the addition effect of the inorganic filler with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of the (A) olefin copolymer and the (B) copolymer. It should be 35 parts by mass or less from the viewpoint of workability due to dispersibility and mechanical strength.
- the amount is preferably 0.5 to 15 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 7 parts by mass.
- the organosilane coupling agent is a component (A) and / or a component (B) from the viewpoints of improving the reinforcing property and improving the adhesion with a primer or an adhesive for adhering to another substrate. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the organic silane coupling agent has a group having an affinity or binding property on the surface of the component (C).
- the (D) organosilane coupling agent (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as the component (D)) constituting the foam composition of the present embodiment is generally used for blending rubbery polymers. If it is a thing, there will be no restriction
- bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) trisulfide, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide, bis (2-triethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, Bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis (2-trimethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-mercaptoethyltrimethoxysilane, 2- Mercaptoethyltriethoxysilane, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N, N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide, 3-triethoxysilylpropyl-N, N-dimethylthiocarbamoy
- a sulfide group, a vinyl group, an amino group can be mentioned, and (C) on the surface of the inorganic filler
- a methoxysilyl group and an ethoxysilyl group are mentioned.
- a polysulfide silane coupling agent and a vinyl group-containing silane coupling agent are preferable, and bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) polysulfide, 3-trimethoxysilylpropylbenzothiazole tetrasulfide and the like are more preferable.
- (D) an organic silane coupling agent having a vinyl group or amino group such as vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, or 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is used
- component vinyl group a radical generator such as an organic peroxide or an azo compound may be added when the radical addition reaction of the amino group with the component (A) or the component (B).
- the content of (D) the organosilane coupling agent is 0.1 to 50 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of (C) inorganic filler.
- An organic silane coupling agent may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the (E) foaming agent (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “component (E)”) constituting the foam composition of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and known ones can be used.
- component (E) azodicarbonamide (ADCA), N, N′-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, 4,4′-oxybis (benzenesulfonylhydrazide), diphenylsulfone-3,3′-disulfonylhydrazide, p-toluenesulfonyl semicarbazide
- Examples thereof include organic pyrolytic foaming agents such as trihydrazinotriazine; inorganic pyrolytic foaming agents such as sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, and ammonium carbonate.
- the content of the foaming agent (E) is 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the (A) olefin copolymer and the (B) copolymer.
- the content of the foaming agent is preferably 1 to 18 parts by mass, and more preferably 2 to 15 parts by mass.
- an organic metal compound containing a metal selected from Groups 2 to 12 of the periodic table may be added to the foam composition of the present embodiment.
- a metal selected from Groups 2 to 12 of the periodic table may be added to the foam composition of the present embodiment.
- ZDA zinc diacrylate
- ZDMA zinc dimethacrylate
- the foam composition of the present embodiment can contain (F) a cross-linking agent (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as component (F)) as necessary, and the foam thus cross-linked.
- Composition (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a composition for crosslinked foam).
- F It does not specifically limit as a crosslinking agent, A well-known thing can be used. For example, radical generators, such as an organic peroxide, are mentioned.
- the content of the (F) crosslinking agent is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 100 parts by mass in total of the (A) olefin copolymer and the (B) copolymer component. Is 0.1 to 15 parts by mass.
- organic peroxide examples include dicumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di- (t-butylperoxy) hexane, 2,5-dimethyl- 2,5-di- (t-butylperoxy) hexyne-3, 1,3-bis (t-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene, 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane , N-butyl-4,4-bis (t-butylperoxy) valerate, benzoyl peroxide, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, t-butylperoxybenzoate, t-butylperbenzoate, t-butyl Peroxyisopropyl carbonate, diacetyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide,
- organic peroxides dicumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di- (t-butylperoxy) hexane are preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity.
- Crosslinking aid When crosslinking is performed using the organic peroxide, sulfur, p-quinonedioxime, p, p'-dibenzoylquinonedioxime, N-methyl-N-4- Peroxy crosslinking aids such as dinitrosoaniline, nitrosobenzene, diphenylguanidine, trimethylolpropane-N, N'-m-phenylenedimaleimide, divinylbenzene, triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol Polyfunctional methacrylate monomers such as dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, and allyl methacrylate, and polyfunctional vinyl monomers such as vinyl butyrate and vinyl stearate can be used in combination.
- the amount of these crosslinking aids is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 100 parts by mass in total of (A) the olefin copolymer and (B) copolymer component. Is used at a ratio of 0.1 to 15 parts by mass.
- crosslinking aid sulfenamide, guanidine, thiuram, aldehyde-amine, aldehyde-ammonia, thiazole, thiourea, dithiocarbamate vulcanization accelerators and the like are required. Available in quantity. Furthermore, zinc flower, stearic acid or the like may be used as a crosslinking aid in an amount as required.
- additives such as a filler, a heat stabilizer, a weather stabilizer, a flame retardant, a hydrochloric acid absorbent, and a pigment are not impaired as necessary. Can be blended in a range.
- a filler carbon black, a carbon nanotube, fullerene etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the heat resistant stabilizer include phosphorus stabilizers typified by Irgaphos 168 and the like, lactone stabilizers typified by HP-136, and sulfur stabilizers.
- the weathering stabilizer include hindered phenols, phosphites, and thioethers.
- Examples of the flame retardant include red phosphorus, halogen, organic phosphate ester, and inorganic flame retardant.
- Examples of the hydrochloric acid absorbent include calcium stearate.
- Examples of the pigment include oxides such as azo, phthalocyanine, and titanium oxide, molybdate chromate pigments, selenium sulfide compounds, ferrocyan compounds, and inorganic pigments such as carbon black.
- the foam composition of the present embodiment comprises (A) an olefin copolymer, (B): (BI) a vinyl aromatic copolymer, and / or (BII) an unsaturated group-containing ethylene system. Copolymer, (C) inorganic filler, (D) organic silane coupling agent, (E) foaming agent, and (F) cross-linking agent as required, at a specific ratio, using a kneader (E) component And it can prepare by melt-mixing at the temperature which (F) component does not decompose
- a known method can be used for melt mixing, for example, an extruder such as a single-screw extruder, a twin-screw extruder, or a multi-screw extruder, A Henschel mixer, a Banbury mixer, a roll, a kneader, or the like can be used. Alternatively, a method of removing the solvent after each component is dissolved or dispersed and mixed can be used. In this embodiment, from the viewpoint of productivity and kneadability, a melt mixing method using an extruder is preferable. The mixing method is not particularly limited.
- the component (B), the component (C), and the component (D) are previously melt-kneaded by an extruder in the first stage to obtain master batch pellets. Later, the (A) component, the (E) component, and, if necessary, the (F) component in the second stage, the method of preparing by melt kneading at a temperature at which the (E) component and the (F) component do not decompose, After the (A) component, the (B) component, the (C) component, and the (D) component are melted and kneaded in advance by an extruder in the first stage to obtain master batch pellets, the (E) component and further necessary Accordingly, it is preferable to adjust the component (F) by melting and kneading at a temperature at which the component (E) and the component (F) are not decomposed in the second stage.
- the melt kneading temperature by the first stage extruder is preferably in the range of 120 ° C. to 250 ° C., more preferably in the range of 150 ° C. to 240 ° C., and still more preferably in the range of 180 ° C. to 230 ° C.
- the shape of the foam composition according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately formed into a desired shape. For example, a pellet shape, a sheet shape (sometimes called a film shape), a strand shape, a chip shape, or the like can be used. For example, if necessary, mixing of each component can be adjusted to a pellet by a granulator or the like.
- the foam composition of this embodiment can be formed into a sheet by a known method.
- a method of preparing pellets of the foam composition of the present embodiment using an extruder or a calendar molding machine examples include a method of forming a sheet with a roll; a method of forming a sheet with a press molding machine; Thereby, an uncrosslinked and unfoamed foamable sheet is obtained.
- a foam is obtained by foaming the foam composition of the present embodiment. Furthermore, it can be set as the crosslinked foamed body (this may be only described as a crosslinked foam in this specification) by adding a crosslinking agent and adding a crosslinking process.
- the foam of this embodiment defoaming at the time of foaming and cross-linking unevenness at the time of the cross-linking reaction are effectively suppressed, and the molding stability, workability and appearance are excellent.
- foaming at a high foaming ratio which has been difficult in the past, is possible, lightweight and flexible, and excellent in compression set, peel strength, adhesive strength, impact resilience, and the like.
- the foam of this embodiment preferably has a specific gravity of 0.01 to 0.70 and a hardness (Shore C) of 15 to 70.
- specific gravity is preferably 0.05 to 0.50, more preferably 0.05 to 0.35, and specific gravity 0.05 to 0.20. Is more preferable, and a specific gravity of 0.07 to 0.20 is even more preferable.
- the foam of this embodiment can achieve a low specific gravity of 0.07 to 0.20, and the hardness (Shore C) can be maintained at 15 to 70.
- the hardness is preferably 30 to 70, more preferably 40 to 65, and even more preferably 45 to 60, from the viewpoints of flexibility and comfort (hardness).
- the foam of the present embodiment preferably has a peel strength / specific gravity of 18 or more, and can maintain not only the hardness but also the mechanical strength even if it has a low specific gravity.
- crosslinking is carried out by heating at a temperature of 80 to 200 ° C., preferably 100 to 180 ° C.
- the crosslinking method is not particularly limited, and in addition to a chemical method using an organic peroxide, the copolymer composition may be crosslinked by a method such as metal ion crosslinking, silane crosslinking, resin crosslinking, or extrusion.
- methods such as physical crosslinking by electron beam, radiation, etc., water crosslinking, etc. may be used in combination, but from the viewpoint of convenience and productivity, chemical crosslinking by organic peroxide Is preferred.
- the foam composition of the present embodiment can be foamed by press molding or injection molding, and can be cross-linked as necessary.
- the foamed composition for a foam may be molded in a predetermined mold, or may be molded into a sheet, and then the foam is further cross-linked by a compression press if necessary. A foam may be produced.
- the foamable sheet is cut into a size in the range of 1.0 to 1.2 times the volume of the mold and inserted into a mold held at 120 to 200 ° C.
- the mold clamping pressure is 30 to 300 kgf / cm 2
- the holding time mold is melted under pressure for 10 to 90 minutes
- the crosslinking reaction and the foaming agent are decomposed, and then the mold is
- a primary crosslinked foam can be produced by opening and foaming the composition.
- the shape of the cross-linking foam mold for producing the primary cross-linked foam is not particularly limited, but a mold having such a shape as to obtain a sheet is used.
- This cross-linking foaming mold preferably has a completely sealed structure so that gas generated when the resin is melted or when the foaming agent is decomposed is not released. Further, as the mold, a mold having a taper on the inner surface is preferable from the viewpoint of resin releasability.
- the primary cross-linked foam may be compression-molded to give a predetermined shape to obtain a secondary cross-linked foam.
- the compression molding conditions at this time are not particularly limited.
- the mold temperature is 120 to 200 ° C.
- the clamping pressure is 30 to 300 kgf / cm 2
- the compression time is 5 to 60 minutes
- the compression ratio is 1.1 to A range of 3.0 is preferred.
- the foam resin composition in addition to the sheet form, can be molded into various shapes and sizes to obtain a foamable material.
- the foam of this embodiment can be used as a sheet (sometimes referred to as a film), injection molded products of various shapes, hollow molded products, compressed air molded products, vacuum molded products, extrusion molded products, and the like.
- the foam of the present embodiment is lightweight and flexible, and has excellent compression set, peel strength, and rebound resilience, and further has excellent molding stability, workability, and adhesiveness as a material related to automobiles. It can be widely used for materials, construction materials, various packaging materials, daily necessities and the like. In particular, it can be suitably used as footwear, particularly as a midsole for shoes.
- vinyl aromatic copolymers were prepared by the method described below to produce crosslinked foams, and physical properties were compared. At that time, the characteristics of the vinyl aromatic copolymer and the physical properties of the crosslinked foam were measured as follows.
- the ratio of the modified vinyl aromatic copolymer to the standard polystyrene in gram and the silica column GPC [column: Zorbax manufactured by DuPont, solvent tetrahydrofuran (flow rate 0.5 mL / min), column oven temperature 40 ° C.]
- the ratio of the modified vinyl aromatic copolymer to the standard polystyrene in the chromatogram was compared, and the amount of adsorption onto the silica column was measured based on the difference between them.
- the proportion of the unmodified vinyl aromatic copolymer is that which was not adsorbed on the silica column. From these results, the ratio of the modified vinyl aromatic copolymer was calculated.
- a test specimen for measurement is set on a torsion type geometry, the effective measurement length is 25 mm, the strain is 0.5%, the frequency is 1 Hz, the temperature is from ⁇ 50 ° C. to 50 ° C., the heating rate is 3 ° C./min, and the dynamic viscosity is increased.
- the elasticity data was measured and the Tan ⁇ value at 15 ° C. was determined.
- the peak temperature of Tan ⁇ was determined by automatic measurement of RSIOrchestrator (trade name, manufactured by TI Instruments Inc.).
- Tear strength Maximum peel strength measured (kgf / cm)
- a water-based adhesive W01 (DONGSUN NSC LTD.) was applied and dried with hot air at 55 ° C. for 1.5 minutes.
- Aqueous primer PR-505 (DONGSUNG NSC LTD.) was applied and dried with hot air at 55 ° C. for 1.5 minutes.
- a water-based adhesive W01 (DONGSUN NSC LTD.) was applied and dried with hot air at 55 ° C. for 1.5 minutes.
- ((B) copolymer) [(BI) Vinyl Aromatic Copolymer] (Preparation of hydrogenation catalyst)
- the hydrogenation catalyst used for the hydrogenation reaction of the vinyl aromatic copolymer was prepared by the following method. A reaction vessel purged with nitrogen was charged with 1 liter of dried and purified cyclohexane, 100 mmol of bis ( ⁇ 5-cyclopentadienyl) titanium dichloride was added, and an n-hexane solution containing 200 mmol of trimethylaluminum was thoroughly stirred. The mixture was added and allowed to react at room temperature for about 3 days.
- ⁇ B1> to ⁇ B4> were prepared as (BI) vinyl aromatic copolymers.
- a vinyl aromatic copolymer was prepared by the following method using a stirrer having an internal volume of 10 liters and a tank reactor with a jacket. A predetermined amount of cyclohexane was charged into the reactor and adjusted to a temperature of 70 ° C., and then n-butyllithium was added in an amount of 0.16 with respect to the mass of all monomers (the total amount of butadiene monomer and styrene monomer charged into the reactor).
- a cyclohexane solution (monomer concentration: 24% by mass) containing 70 parts by mass of butadiene in the second step is continuously fed to the reactor at a constant rate over 60 minutes, and the temperature in the reactor during that period is 70 ° C. It adjusted so that it might become. After stopping the supply, the reaction was carried out while adjusting the temperature in the reactor to 70 ° C. for 10 minutes. Further, a cyclohexane solution containing 15 parts by mass of styrene in the third step (monomer concentration: 24% by mass) was supplied in about 10 minutes, and the temperature in the reactor was adjusted to about 70 ° C. After stopping the supply, the reaction was carried out while adjusting the temperature in the reactor to 70 ° C.
- the first step is 20 parts by mass of styrene
- the second step is 60 parts by mass of butadiene
- the third step is 20 parts by mass of styrene
- the amount of n-butyllithium is 0.11 parts by mass with respect to the mass of all monomers.
- the amount of N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine was changed so as to be 0.25 mol with respect to 1 mol of n-butyllithium.
- Other conditions were polymerized in the same manner as the polymer B1, but no modification reaction was performed.
- the vinyl aromatic copolymer obtained by polymerization was analyzed, the styrene content was 40% by mass, the polystyrene block content was 40% by mass, the vinyl bond content in the butadiene portion was 28%, and the weight average molecular weight was 7. The molecular weight distribution was 50,000 and the molecular weight distribution was 1.04.
- the obtained vinyl aromatic copolymer was subjected to a hydrogenation reaction in the same manner as the polymer B1, and a stabilizer was added after completion of the reaction.
- a vinyl aromatic copolymer B2 having a hydrogenation rate of 40% was obtained.
- the first step is 22.5 parts by mass of styrene
- the second step is 55 parts by mass of butadiene
- the third step is 22.5 parts by mass of styrene.
- the amount of N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine was changed to 0.23 mol per 1 mol of n-butyllithium.
- Other conditions were polymerized in the same manner as the polymer B1, but no modification reaction was performed.
- a cyclohexane solution of methanol was added so that the amount of methanol was 1 equivalent with respect to 1 mol of n-butyllithium to complete the polymerization reaction.
- the styrene content was 45 mass%
- the polystyrene block content was 45 mass%
- the vinyl bond content in the butadiene portion was 25%
- the weight average molecular weight was 7.
- the molecular weight distribution was 100,000.
- the obtained vinyl aromatic copolymer was subjected to a hydrogenation reaction in the same manner as the polymer B1, and a stabilizer was added after completion of the reaction.
- a vinyl aromatic copolymer B3 having a hydrogenation rate of 35% was obtained.
- n-butyllithium is added from the bottom of the reactor so as to be 0.07 parts by mass with respect to the weight of all monomers, and further 0.3 mol with respect to 1 mol of n-butyllithium.
- a cyclohexane solution of N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine was added, and then a cyclohexane solution containing 10 parts by mass of styrene at the first step was fed as a monomer over about 5 minutes. Was adjusted to about 70 ° C. After stopping the supply, the reaction was carried out while adjusting the temperature in the reactor to 70 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- a cyclohexane solution containing 37 parts by mass of butadiene in the second step and 45 parts by mass of styrene is continuously supplied to the reactor at a constant rate over 60 minutes, and the temperature in the reactor during that period is 70 to 80 ° C. After the supply was stopped, the reaction was carried out for 10 minutes while adjusting the temperature in the reactor to 70 to 80 ° C. Finally, a cyclohexane solution containing 8 parts by mass of styrene in the third step was fed in 5 minutes, and the temperature in the reactor was adjusted to about 70 ° C. After stopping the supply, the reaction was carried out for 15 minutes while adjusting the temperature in the reactor to 70 ° C.
- the obtained vinyl aromatic copolymer was subjected to a hydrogenation reaction in the same manner as the polymer B1, and a stabilizer was added after completion of the reaction.
- a vinyl aromatic copolymer B4 having a hydrogenation rate of 35% was obtained.
- Table 1 shows the composition, structure, molecular weight, and physical property measurement results of the obtained vinyl aromatic copolymer.
- (C) inorganic filler ⁇ C1> Silica Nipsil AQ (manufactured by Tosoh Silica Co., Ltd., average dispersed particle size 0.3 ⁇ m) was used as the inorganic filler.
- talc JM209 manufactured by Asada Flour Milling, average dispersed particle size of 3.5 ⁇ m was used.
- Example 1 First, using an extruder as a melt-kneader, 20 parts by mass of ethylene / 1-butene copolymer (A1), which is a compounding component in the first step shown in Table 2 below, vinyl aromatic copolymer (B1) 10 parts by mass, 5 parts by mass of inorganic filler silica Nipsil AQ (C1) and 0.4 parts by mass of organic silane coupling agent Si75 (D2) were kneaded at a temperature of 200 ° C. to obtain master pellets.
- A1 ethylene / 1-butene copolymer
- B1 vinyl aromatic copolymer
- C1 inorganic filler silica Nipsil AQ
- D2 organic silane coupling agent Si75
- the kneaded product of the second step and the foaming agent Exceller AK # 2 (E) 9 masses which are each blended component of the third step shown in Table 2 below Parts 0.7 parts by mass of organic oxide park mill D (F) were kneaded under conditions of kneading temperature: 100 ° C. and kneading time: 5 minutes to obtain a foam composition.
- the foam composition obtained using a compression molding machine was compression-molded for 20 minutes under the conditions of a temperature of 160 ° C. and a pressure of 150 kgf / cm 2 . Thereafter, the pressure was released to obtain a primary cross-linked foam.
- the primary crosslinked foam was compression molded at a compression ratio of 145 ⁇ 5% to obtain a secondary crosslinked foam. Subsequently, the physical properties of the secondary crosslinked foam were measured by the method described above.
- Example 2 Instead of the vinyl aromatic copolymer (B1) in the first step shown in Table 2 below, a vinyl aromatic copolymer (B2) was used. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1 to produce a secondary crosslinked foam, and the physical properties were measured by the method described above.
- Example 3 Instead of the vinyl aromatic copolymer (B1) in the first step shown in Table 2 below, a vinyl aromatic copolymer (B3) was used. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1 to produce a secondary crosslinked foam, and the physical properties were measured by the method described above.
- Example 4 Inorganic filler talc JM209 (C2) was used in place of the inorganic filler silica Nipsil AQ (C1) in the first step shown in Table 2 below. Other conditions were the same as in Example 3 to prepare a secondary cross-linked foam, and the physical properties were measured by the method described above.
- Example 5 instead of the organosilane coupling agent (D2) in the first step shown in Table 2 below, an organosilane coupling agent (D3) was used. Other conditions were the same as in Example 3 to prepare a secondary cross-linked foam, and the physical properties were measured by the method described above.
- Example 6 instead of the organosilane coupling agent (D2) in the first step shown in Table 2 below, an organosilane coupling agent (D4) was used. Other conditions were the same as in Example 3 to prepare a secondary cross-linked foam, and the physical properties were measured by the method described above.
- Example 7 In place of the vinyl aromatic copolymer (B1) in the first step shown in Table 2 below, an unsaturated group-containing ethylene copolymer (B5) was used. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1 to produce a secondary crosslinked foam, and the physical properties were measured by the method described above.
- Example 8 As compounding ingredients of the first step material shown in Table 2 below, 20 parts by mass of ethylene / 1-butene copolymer (A1), 20 parts by mass of ethylene / 1-butene copolymer (A2), inorganic filler silica Nipsil AQ (C1) 5 parts by mass, organosilane coupling agent GF56 (D3) 0.4 part by mass, each compounding component of the material of the second step, 60 parts by mass of ethylene / 1-butene copolymer (A1) , Each used. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1 to produce a secondary crosslinked foam, and the physical properties were measured by the method described above.
- Example 9 As a blending component of the material in the first step shown in Table 2 below, 0.5 part by mass of the organic silane coupling agent (D1) is used instead of the organic silane coupling agent (D2), Of 70 parts by mass of butene copolymer (A1), 50 parts by mass is ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (A3), and the blending component in the third step is 7 parts by mass of foaming agent Exceller AK # 2 (E). did. Other conditions were the same as in Example 3 to prepare a secondary cross-linked foam, and the physical properties were measured by the method described above.
- Example 10 Ingredients in the first step shown in Table 2 below are 20 parts by mass of ethylene / 1-butene copolymer (A1) and 20 parts by mass of ethylene / 1-butene copolymer (A2). AQ (C1) 5 parts by mass, organosilane coupling agent Si69 (D1) 0.4 parts by mass, as each component of the second step, ethylene / 1-butene copolymer (A1) 60 parts by mass, As each compounding component in the third step, 7 parts by mass of the foaming agent Exceller AK # 2 (E) and 0.7 parts by mass of the organic oxide park mill D (F) were used. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1 to produce a secondary crosslinked foam, and the physical properties were measured by the method described above.
- Example 1 The inorganic filler (C1), which is the additive in the first step shown in Table 3 below, and the organic silane coupling agent (D2) were not blended. Other conditions were the same as in Example 3 to prepare a secondary cross-linked foam, and the physical properties were measured by the method described above.
- Example 3 The inorganic filler (C1) which is an additive in the first step shown in Table 3 below was not blended. Other conditions were the same as in Example 3 to prepare a secondary cross-linked foam, and the physical properties were measured by the method described above.
- Example 5 The inorganic filler (C1), which is the additive in the first step shown in Table 3 below, and the organic silane coupling agent (D2) were not blended. Other conditions were the same as in Example 5 to produce a secondary crosslinked foamed material, and the physical properties were measured by the method described above.
- Example 11 First, using an extruder as a melt kneader, 20 parts by mass of an ethylene / 1-butene copolymer (A2), a vinyl aromatic copolymer (B4) as a blending component in the first step shown in Table 4 below. ) 60 parts by mass, inorganic filler silica Nipsil AQ (C1) 10 parts by mass, organosilane coupling agent Si75 (D2) 0.8 parts by mass were kneaded at a kneading temperature of 200 ° C. to obtain a master pellet. .
- A2 ethylene / 1-butene copolymer
- B4 vinyl aromatic copolymer
- the kneaded product of the second step and the foaming agent Exceller AK # 2 (E) 2 masses which are the components of the third step shown in Table 4 below Part and 0.35 parts by mass of organic oxide park mill D (F) were kneaded under conditions of kneading temperature: 100 ° C. and kneading time: 5 minutes to obtain a foam composition.
- the foam composition obtained using a compression molding machine was compression molded at a temperature of 160 ° C. and a pressure of 150 kgf / cm 2 for 20 minutes. Thereafter, the pressure was released to obtain a primary cross-linked foam.
- the primary crosslinked foam was compression molded at a compression ratio of 145 ⁇ 5% to obtain a secondary crosslinked foam. Subsequently, the physical properties of the secondary crosslinked foam were measured by the method described above.
- Example 12 In the first step shown in Table 4 below, 60 parts by mass of the vinyl aromatic copolymer (B4) is 70 parts by mass, and 20 parts by mass of the ethylene / 1-butene copolymer (A2) in the second step is ( A1) 10 parts by mass, 2 parts by mass of the foaming agent for the third step, Exceller AK # 2 (E), 2.5 parts by mass, and 0.35 parts by mass of organic oxide park mill D (F), 0.44 parts It was set as the mass part. Other conditions were the same as in Example 11 to produce a secondary crosslinked foam, and the physical properties were measured by the method described above.
- Example 7 The inorganic filler (C1), which is the additive in the first step shown in Table 4 below, and the organic silane coupling agent (D2) were not blended. Other conditions were the same as in Example 11 to produce a secondary crosslinked foam, and the physical properties were measured by the method described above.
- Example 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 the specific gravity of the secondary crosslinked foam was approximately the same.
- the hardness was 50 to 57
- the compression set was 14 to 25%
- the peel strength was 2.0 to 2.7 kgf / cm
- the adhesive strength was 2.5 to 2.9 kgf / cm.
- all of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 have a hardness of 40 to 51, a compression set of 30 to 37%, a peel strength of 1.6 to 1.9 kgf / cm, and an adhesive strength of 1.6 to 2.0 kgf / cm. It was cm and was a result inferior to an Example.
- Example 9 the specific gravity of the secondary crosslinked foam was approximately the same.
- the hardness was 55
- the compression set was 13%
- the peel strength was 3.2 kgf / cm
- the adhesive strength was 3.2 kgf / cm.
- Comparative Example 4 had a hardness of 52, a compression set of 27%, a peel strength of 2.5 kgf / cm, and an adhesive strength of 2.1 kgf / cm, which were inferior to the examples.
- Example 10 the specific gravity of the secondary crosslinked foam was about the same.
- the hardness was 53
- the compression set was 24%
- the peel strength was 3.0 kgf / cm
- the adhesive strength was 2.9 kgf / cm.
- Comparative Example 5 had a hardness of 40, a compression set of 32%, a peel strength of 2.5 kgf / cm, and an adhesive strength of 1.9 kgf / cm, which were inferior to the examples.
- Comparative Example 6 a foam capable of measuring physical properties was not obtained.
- Example 11 and 12 and Comparative Example 7 the specific gravity of the secondary crosslinked foam was about the same.
- the hardness was 52 to 54
- the compression set was 13 to 15%
- the peel strength was 3.3 to 3.9 kgf / cm
- the adhesive strength was 3.0 to 3.3 kgf / cm.
- Comparative Example 7 had a hardness of 47, a compression set of 31%, a peel strength of 2.2 kgf / cm, and an adhesive strength of 1.1.5 kgf / cm, which were inferior to the examples.
- the foam composition according to this embodiment was excellent in compression set, peel strength, and adhesive strength while being lightweight.
- the foam of the present invention has industrial applicability as various molded articles including automobile parts, civil engineering / architecture applications, home appliance parts, sports equipment, miscellaneous goods, and stationery.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、樹脂やエラストマーからなる組成物を単に発泡しただけの材料は、機械強度が低下してしまい、長期間の使用において劣化・ヘタリ等が生じるという問題がある。
そこで、さらに架橋を行うことにより、軽量かつ機械強度の高い架橋発泡体を得、これが自動車部品、建築用途材料、各種包装材料、日用品等として広く用いられている。
例えば特許文献1には、エチレン・α-オレフィン共重合体を有機過酸化物、架橋助剤及び発泡剤を用いて架橋発泡させた架橋発泡体が記載されている。
また、特許文献2には、エチレン・α-オレフィン共重合体に、EVA及び/又は低密度ポリエチレンを添加した組成物を架橋発泡させた架橋発泡体が記載されている。
さらに、エチレン系共重合体にスチレン系ブロック共重合体を添加することによって、架橋発泡体の改質及び物性向上が検討されており、特許文献3には、エチレン系共重合体にスチレン系ブロック共重合体を特定の割合で添加した架橋発泡体が記載されている。
すなわち、本発明は、以下の通りである。
(A)オレフィン系共重合体と、
(B)下記(B-I)及び/又は下記(B-II)である共重合体と、
(C)無機充填剤と、
(D)有機シランカップリング剤と、
(E)発泡剤と、
を、含む発泡体用組成物であって、
前記(B)成分に対する前記(A)成分の質量比(A/B)が、5/95~100/0であり、
前記(A)成分及び前記(B)成分の合計100質量部に対して、前記(C)成分が0.5~35質量部、前記(E)成分が0.1~20質量部、
前記(D)成分が前記(C)成分100質量部に対して0.1~50質量部、
それぞれ含有されている発泡体用組成物。
(B-I)ビニル芳香族化合物と共役ジエンを含むビニル芳香族系共重合体、及び/又は、ビニル芳香族化合物とアルキレンを含むビニル芳香族系共重合体
(B-II)不飽和基を有するエチレン系共重合体
〔2〕
前記(A)成分がエチレン系共重合体である前記〔1〕に記載の発泡体用組成物。
〔3〕
前記(B-I)成分が、ビニル芳香族単量体単位を5~90質量%含み、かつ、共役ジエン単量体単位を5~65質量%含む前記〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の発泡体用組成物。
〔4〕
前記(B)成分が、分子鎖に官能基を有する共重合体である前記〔1〕乃至〔3〕のいずれか一に記載の発泡体用組成物。
〔5〕
前記(C)成分が、シリカ系無機充填剤、金属酸化物及び金属水酸化物からなる群から選ばれる無機充填剤であり、平均分散粒子径が0.01~4μmである、前記〔1〕乃至〔4〕のいずれか一に記載の発泡体用組成物。
〔6〕
前記(D)成分が、前記(A)成分及び/又は前記(B)成分、さらには前記(C)成分の表面に対して、それぞれ親和性あるいは結合性を示す基を有している有機シランカップリング剤である、前記〔1〕乃至〔5〕のいずれか一に記載の発泡体用組成物。
〔7〕
前記(D)成分が、ポリスルフィドシランカップリング剤である、前記〔1〕乃至〔6〕のいずれか一に記載の発泡体用組成物。
〔8〕
前記(B-I)成分であるビニル芳香族系共重合体の動的粘弾性測定(1Hz)により得られるTanδピークが0℃を超え30℃以下の範囲にあり、かつ15℃のTanδ値が0.4以上である前記〔1〕乃至〔7〕のいずれか一に記載の発泡体用組成物。
〔9〕
前記(B-I)成分であるビニル芳香族系共重合体の動的粘弾性測定(1Hz)により得られるTanδピークが0℃以下である前記〔1〕乃至〔7〕のいずれか一に記載の発泡体用組成物。
〔10〕
(F)架橋剤を、前記(A)成分及び前記(B)成分の合計100質量部に対して、0.1~20質量部、さらに含む前記〔1〕乃至〔9〕のいずれか一に記載の発泡体用組成物。
〔11〕
少なくとも、(B)下記(B-I)及び/又は(B-II)である共重合体、(C)無機充填剤、及び(D)有機シランカップリング剤を、120℃以上の温度であらかじめ溶融混練し、マスターバッチを得る工程と、
前記マスターバッチ、(A)オレフィン系共重合体、(E)発泡剤、必要に応じてさらに(F)架橋剤を、溶融混練する工程と、
を、有する、
発泡体用組成物の製造方法。
(B-I):ビニル芳香族化合物と共役ジエンを含む共重合体、及び/又は、ビニル芳香族化合物とアルキレンを含むビニル芳香族系共重合体
(B-II):不飽和基を有するエチレン系共重合体
〔12〕
少なくとも(A)オレフィン系共重合体、(B)下記(B-I)及び/又は(B-II)である共重合体、(C)無機充填剤、及び(D)有機シランカップリング剤を、120℃以上の温度であらかじめ溶融混練し、マスターバッチを得る工程と、
前記マスターバッチ、(E)発泡剤、必要に応じてさらに(F)架橋剤を、溶融混練する工程と、
を、有する、
発泡体用組成物の製造方法。
(B-I)ビニル芳香族化合物と共役ジエンを含む共重合体、及び/又は、ビニル芳香族化合物とアルキレンを含むビニル芳香族系共重合体
(B-II)不飽和基を有するエチレン系共重合体
〔13〕
前記〔1〕乃至〔10〕のいずれか一に記載の発泡体用組成物を発泡、又は、架橋発泡することによって得られる発泡体。
〔14〕
比重が0.01~0.70であり、硬度(ショアーC)が15~70であるオレフィン系共重合体組成物からなる発泡体。
〔15〕
比重が0.05~0.20であり、硬度(ショアーC)が45~60であり、かつ剥離強度/比重の値が18以上である前記〔13〕又は〔14〕に記載の発泡体。
〔16〕
前記〔13〕乃至〔15〕のいずれか一に記載の発泡体を用いた履物。
〔17〕
前記〔13〕乃至〔15〕のいずれか一に記載の発泡体を用いた建築材。
〔18〕
前記〔13〕乃至〔15〕のいずれか一に記載の発泡体を用いた自動車用部材。
なお、本発明は以下の記載に限定されるものではなく、その要旨の範囲内で種々変形して実施できる。
本実施形態の発泡体用組成物は、発泡体を得るための発泡前の組成物である。なお、本実施形態の発泡体用組成物は、後述するように架橋させることにより架橋発泡体とすることもできる。以下、明細書中、「発泡体」と記載するときは、架橋発泡体も含まれるものとする。
本実施形態の発泡体用組成物は、
(A)オレフィン系共重合体と、
(B)下記(B-I)及び/又は下記(B-II)である共重合体と、
(C)無機充填剤と、
(D)有機シランカップリング剤と、
(E)発泡剤と、
を、含む発泡体用組成物である。
前記(B)成分に対する前記(A)成分の質量比(A/B)が、5/95~100/0であり、
前記(A)成分及び前記(B)成分の合計100質量部に対して、前記(C)成分が0.5~35質量部、前記(E)成分が0.1~20質量部、
前記(D)成分が前記(C)成分100質量部に対して0.1~50質量部、
それぞれ含有されている。
(B-I)ビニル芳香族化合物と共役ジエンを含む共重合体、及び/又は、ビニル芳香族化合物とアルキレンを含むビニル芳香族系共重合体
(B-II)不飽和基を有するエチレン系共重合体
例えば、「ビニル芳香族単量体単位」とは、単量体であるビニル芳香族化合物を重合した結果生ずる重合体の構成単位を意味し、その構造は、置換ビニル基に由来する置換エチレン基の二つの炭素が結合部位となっている分子構造である。
また、「共役ジエン単量体単位」とは、単量体である共役ジエンを重合した結果生ずる重合体の構成単位を意味し、その構造は、共役ジエン単量体に由来するオレフィンの二つの炭素が結合部位となっている分子構造である。
本実施形態の発泡体用組成物を構成する(A)オレフィン系共重合体(以下、単に(A)成分と記載することもある。)は、エチレン、プロピレン等の、α-オレフィンを主体とした重合体であり、例えばエチレン、プロピレン、1-ブテン、イソブチレン、4-メチル-1-ペンテン等から選ばれる単量体を、1種以上重合して得られる共重合体であればいずれでもよい。特に、エチレン、ブテン、メチルペンテン、プロピレンの単独重合体、エチレン-プロピレン共重合体、プロピレンブロック共重合体、プロピレンランダム共重合体が好ましい。
さらに、(A)オレフィン系共重合体には、ブタジエン、イソプレン等の共役ジエン単量体の重合物の水添物も含まれ、上記各種重合体のうち、分子量、組成の異なる重合体の混合物も含まれる。
(A)オレフィン系共重合体としてエチレン系共重合体を用いることにより、本実施形態の発泡性組成物を架橋させて架橋発泡体とする場合に、優れた架橋性が得られる。
エチレン系共重合体としては、特に限定されず、公知のものを用いることができる。例えば、エチレンの重合体であるポリエチレン(PE)や、エチレンと酢酸ビニルとを共重合させて得られるエチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVA)、エチレンと炭素原子数3~10のα-オレフィンとからなる低結晶性のランダム共重合体であるエチレン・α-オレフィン共重合体、エチレンとα-オレフィンを含むブロック共重合体(例えば、ハードセグメントが結晶性ポリエチレンで、ソフトセグメントがエチレン-オクテンのランダムブロックからなるマルチブロック共重合体等)が挙げられる。
例えば、高密度ポリエチレン、超高分子量高密度ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、線状低密度ポリエチレン、超低密度ポリエチレン等が挙げられる。
例えば、エチレンと、2種のα-オレフィンとからなる共重合体(ターポリマー)や、エチレンと、α-オレフィンと、不飽和カルボン酸(アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、マレイン酸等)とからなる共重合体をNa+、K+、Ag+、Cu++、Ba++、Zn++、Fe++等の金属イオンで架橋したもの(アイオノマー)等も使用できる。
具体的には、三井化学株式会社製「TAFMER」、ダウ・ケミカル社製「ENGAGE」、ダウ・ケミカル社製「INFUSE」、エクソンモービルケミカル社製「EXACT」等が挙げられる。
エチレン・α-オレフィン系共重合体は、公知の重合方法により得られる。例えば、チーグラー・ナッタ触媒やメタロセン触媒のような重合触媒を用いて、ヘキサンやヘプタン、トルエン、キシレンのような不活性溶媒中で重合する方法が挙げられる。
また、(A)オレフィン系共重合体は、1種類を単独で用いてもよいし、機能等を考慮して2種類以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。例えば、接着性を向上させる目的で、EVAを併用してもよい。
本実施形態の発泡体用組成物を構成する(B)共重合体は、(B-I)ビニル芳香族系共重合体及び/又は(B-II)不飽和基を有するエチレン系共重合体である。
前記(B-I)ビニル芳香族系共重合体(以下、単に(B-I)成分と記載することもある。)は、ビニル芳香族化合物と共役ジエンを含む共重合体、及び/又は、ビニル芳香族化合物とアルキレンを含む共重合体である。
前記(B-I)ビニル芳香族系共重合体のビニル芳香族単量体単位の含有量や、共役ジエン単量体単位の含有量は、特に制限はないが、生産性の観点、及び(架橋)発泡体の脱泡や型崩れ等(成形安定性)の観点から目的とする(架橋)発泡体の比重、硬度、物性、反発弾性を調整することができ、また所望の耐光性、耐熱性の度合いを任意に変えることができる。
例えば、スチレン、o-メチルスチレン、p-メチルスチレン、p-tert-ブチルスチレン、1,3-ジメチルスチレン、α-メチルスチレン、ジビニルベンゼン、1,1-ジフェニルエチレン、ビニルナフタレン、ビニルアントラセン等が挙げられる。これらは一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を併用してもよい。
ビニル芳香族単量体単位の含有量は、後述する実施例に示すように、核磁気共鳴スペクトル解析(NMR)により測定することができる。
また、ビニル芳香族単量体単位のうち少なくとも1つ以上のビニル芳香族を主体とする重合体ブロックに含まれているものは40質量%以上が好ましく、より好ましくは50質量%以上、さらに好ましくは60質量%以上である。
なお、発泡倍率は、発泡前後の比重の比により算出できる。
ビニル芳香族化合物を主体とする重合体ブロックの含有量(質量%)
=(水素添加前のビニル芳香族系共重合体中のビニル芳香族化合物を主体とする重合体ブロックの重量/水素添加前のビニル芳香族系共重合体の重量)×100
なお、「主体とする」とは、60質量%以上であることを言い、80質量%以上が好ましく、90質量%以上がより好ましく、95質量%以上がさらに好ましい。
例えば、1対の共役二重結合を有するジオレフィンを用いることができ、例えば、1,3-ブタジエン、2-メチル-1,3-ブタジエン(イソプレン)、2,3-ジメチル-1,3-ブタジエン、1,3-ペンタジエン、ミルセン、2-メチル-1,3-ペンタジエン、3-メチル-1,3-ペンタジエン、4-メチル-1,3-ペンタジエン、2-フェニル-1,3-ブタジエン、2-フェニル-1,3-ペンタジエン、3-フェニル-1,3-ペンタジエン、2,3-ジメチル-1,3-ペンタジエン、4-メチル-1,3-ペンタジエン、2-ヘキシル-1,3-ブタジエン、3-メチル- 1,3-ヘキサジエン、2-ベンジル-1,3-ブタジエン、2-p-トリル-1,3-ブタジエン等が挙げられる。特に一般的なものとしては、1,3-ブタジエン、イソプレンが挙げられる。これらは一種を単独で使用してもよく、二種以上を併用してもよい。
この場合、(B-I)成分に含まれるアルキレンとしては、特に限定されず、公知のものを用いることができる。例えばα-オレフィンモノマー、具体的には、エチレン、プロピレン、1-ブテン、イソブチレン、4-メチル-1-ペンテン等が挙げられる。特に、エチレン、ブテン、メチルペンテン、プロピレンが好ましい。これらは一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を併用してもよい。
(1)(H-S)n
(2)(H-E)n
(3)H-(S-E)n
(4)H-(E-S)n
(5)H-(E-S)n-H
(6)(H-S)n-H
(7)(H-E)n-H
(8)S-(H-S)n
(9)S-(E-S)n
(10)S-(E-H)n
(11)E-(H-E)n
(12)E-(S-E)n
(13)E-(S-H)n
(14)(H-S)m-X
(15)(H-E)m-X
(16)(H-S)n-X-(H)p
(17)(H-E)n-X-(H)p
(18)(H-E-S)m-X
(19)(H-S-E)m-X
前記一般式(1)~(19)中、Sは共役ジエン及び/又はアルキレンと、ビニル芳香族化合物を主体とする共重合体ブロックであり、Hはビニル芳香族化合物を主体とする重合体ブロック、Eは共役ジエン及び/又はアルキレンを主体とする重合体ブロックである。共役ジエンは、水添してもしなくてもよい。
mは2以上、好ましくは2~10の整数であり、n及びpは1以上、好ましくは1~10の整数である。
Xはカップリング剤残基又は多官能開始剤残基を示す。
なお、「主体とする」とは、60質量%以上であることを言い、80質量%以上が好ましく、90質量%以上がより好ましく、95質量%以上がさらに好ましい。
なお、(B-I)ビニル芳香族系共重合体の重量平均分子量及び分子量分布は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)を用いて測定することができる。
(B-I)ビニル芳香族系共重合体として、ビニル芳香族化合物と共役ジエンを含む共重合体を用いる場合、共役ジエンとビニル芳香族化合物の水素添加前のブロック共重合体は、例えば、炭化水素溶媒中で有機アルカリ金属化合物等の開始剤を用いてリビングアニオン重合により得られる。
炭化水素溶媒としては、例えば、n-ブタン、イソブタン、n-ペンタン、n-ヘキサン、n-ヘプタン、n-オクタン等の脂肪族炭化水素類;シクロペンタン、シクロヘキサン、シクロヘプタン、メチルシクロヘプタン等の脂環式炭化水素類;又は、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン等の芳香族炭化水素である。
(B-I)ビニル芳香族系共重合体として、ビニル芳香族化合物とアルキレンを含むビニル芳香族系共重合体を用いる場合、アルキレンとビニル芳香族化合物のブロック共重合体は、例えば、遷移重合、ラジカル重合、イオン重合等により得られる。
従来から公知である(1)Ni、Pt、Pd、Ru等の金属をカーボン、シリカ、アルミナ、ケイソウ土等に担持させた担持型不均一系水添触媒;(2)Ni、Co、Fe、Cr等の有機酸塩又はアセチルアセトン塩等の遷移金属塩と有機アルミニュウム等の還元剤とを用いる、いわゆるチーグラー型水添触媒;(3)Ti、Ru、Rh、Zr等の有機金属化合物等のいわゆる有機金属錯体等の均一系水添触媒が用いられる。具体的な水添触媒としては、特公昭42-8704号公報、特公昭43-6636号公報、特公昭63-4841号公報、特公平1-37970号公報、特公平1-53851号公報、特公平2-9041号公報に記載された水添触媒を使用することができる。好ましい水添触媒としてはチタノセン化合物及び/又は還元性有機金属化合物との混合物が挙げられる。
溶媒の分離方法としては、例えば、水添後の反応液に、アセトン又はアルコール等のビニル芳香族系共重合体等に対する貧溶媒となる極性溶媒を加えてビニル芳香族系共重合体を沈澱させて回収する方法;反応液を撹拌下熱湯中に投入し、スチームストリッピングにより溶媒を除去して回収する方法;又は直接共重合体溶液を加熱して溶媒を留去する方法等を挙げられる。
なお、本実施形態の発泡体用組成物を用いて発泡体を得る場合、(B-I)ビニル芳香族系共重合体には、各種フェノール系安定剤、リン系安定剤、イオウ系安定剤、アミン系安定剤等の安定剤を添加することができる。
官能基は、例えば、水酸基、カルボニル基、チオカルボニル基、酸ハロゲン化物基、酸無水物基、カルボキシル基、チオカルボキシル酸基、アルデヒド基、チオアルデヒド基、カルボン酸エステル基、アミド基、スルホン酸基、スルホン酸エステル基、リン酸基、リン酸エステル基、アミノ基、イミノ基、シアノ基、ピリジル基、キノリン基、エポキシ基、チオエポキシ基、スルフィド基、イソシアネート基、イソチオシアネート基、ハロゲン化ケイ素基、シラノール基、アルコキシシラン基、ハロゲン化スズ基、アルコキシスズ基、フェニルスズ基、ボロン酸基、ボロン酸塩基、ホウ素含有基等から選ばれる官能基を少なくとも1種含有する原子団が挙げられる。
この中でも、水酸基、カルボニル機、酸無水物基、カルボキシル基、エポキシ基、アミノ基、シラノール基等が好ましい。
変性ビニル芳香族系共重合体を得る他の方法として、ブロック共重合体に有機リチウム化合物等の有機アルカリ金属化合物を反応(メタレーション反応)させ、有機アルカリ金属が付加した重合体に官能基含有の変性剤を付加反応させる方法が挙げられる。
後者の方法の場合、共重合体の水添物を得た後にメタレーション反応させてから、変性剤を反応させて変性共重合体を得ることもできる。
上記のいずれの変性方法においても、反応温度は、好ましくは0~150℃、より好ましくは20~120℃である。
変性反応に要する時間は他の条件によって異なるが、好ましくは24時間以内であり、より好ましくは0.1~10時間である。変性剤の種類により、変性剤を反応させた段階で一般に水酸基やアミノ基等は有機金属塩となっていることもあるが、その場合には水やアルコール等活性水素を有する化合物で処理することにより、水酸基やアミノ基等にすることができる。
なお、このような変性ビニル芳香族系共重合体においては、変性ビニル芳香族系共重合体に、一部変性されていないビニル芳香族系共重合体が混在してもよい。
二次変性剤は、前記変性共重合体の官能基と反応性を有する官能基を有する二次変性剤であり、好ましくはカルボキシル基、酸無水物基、イソシアネート基、エポキシ基、シラノール基、アルコキシシラン基から選ばれる官能基を有する二次変性剤である。
二次変性剤は、これらの官能基から選ばれる官能基を少なくとも2個有する二次変性剤である。なお、官能基が酸無水物基の場合、酸無水物基が1個の二次変性剤であってもよい。
変性ビニル芳香族系共重合体に二次変性剤を反応させる場合、変性ビニル芳香族系共重合体に結合されている官能基1当量あたり、二次変性剤が0.3~10モル、好ましくは0.4~5モル、より好ましくは0.5~4モルである。変性ビニル芳香族系共重合体と二次変性剤を反応させる方法は、特に制限されるものではなく、公知の方法が利用できる。例えば、後述する溶融混練方法や各成分を溶媒等に溶解又は分散混合して反応させる方法等が挙げられる。
α,β-不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体の具体例としては、無水マレイン酸、無水マレイン酸イミド、アクリル酸又はそのエステル、メタアクリル酸又はそのエステル、エンド-シス-ビシクロ〔2,2,1〕-5-ヘプテン-2,3-ジカルボン酸又はその無水物等が挙げられる。
α,β-不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体の付加量は、(B-I)ビニル芳香族系化合物100質量部当たり、通常0.01~20質量部であり、好ましくは0.1~10質量部である。
グラフト変性する場合の反応温度は、好ましくは100~300℃、より好ましくは120~280℃である。グラフト変性する方法の詳細については、例えば、特開昭62-79211号公報を参照できる。
例えば、発泡体に衝撃吸収性を付与したいときは、(B-I)ビニル芳香族系共重合体のTanδピーク温度が0℃を超え30℃以下の範囲にあり、かつ15℃のTanδ値が0.4以上であり、(架橋)発泡体の反発弾性が30%以下であることが好ましい。
また、発泡体に高反発性を付与したいときは、(B-I)ビニル芳香族系共重合体のTanδピーク温度が0℃以下にあり、発泡体の反発弾性が30~80%であることが好ましい。
ピーク温度は、RSIOrchestrator(ティーエイインスツルメントー株式会社製、商品名)の自動測定より求めることができる。
上述したように、本実施形態の発泡体用組成物を構成する(B)共重合体は、(B-I)ビニル芳香族系共重合体及び/又は(B-II)不飽和基を有するエチレン系共重合体よりなるものであり、(B-I)/(B-II)は、100/0~0/100であり、好ましくは60/40であり、より好ましくは90/10であり、さらに好ましくは100/0である。
(B-II)不飽和基含有エチレン系共重合体(以下、単に(B-II)成分と記載することもある。)は、特に限定されず、公知のものを用いることができる。例えばエチレンと、プロピレン、1-ブテン、1-ペンテン等のα-オレフィンが共重合体に、非共役ジエンとが共重合してなるエチレン系共重合体が挙げられる。
前記官能基を具備する原子団としては、例えば、水酸基、カルボニル基、チオカルボニル基、酸ハロゲン化物基、酸無水物基、カルボキシル基、チオカルボキシル酸基、アルデヒド基、チオアルデヒド基、カルボン酸エステル基、アミド基、スルホン酸基、スルホン酸エステル基、リン酸基、リン酸エステル基、アミノ基、イミノ基、シアノ基、ピリジル基、キノリン基、エポキシ基、チオエポキシ基、スルフィド基、イソシアネート基、イソチオシアネート基、ハロゲン化ケイ素基、シラノール基、アルコキシシラン基、ハロゲン化スズ基、アルコキシスズ基、フェニルスズ基、ボロン酸基、ボロン酸塩基、ホウ素含有基等から選ばれる少なくとも1種含有する原子団が挙げられる。
特に、水酸基、カルボニル基、酸無水物基、カルボキシル基、エポキシ基、アミノ基、シラノール基等が好ましい。
なお、このような変性不飽和基含有エチレン系共重合体においては、変性不飽和基含有エチレン系共重合体に、一部変性されていない不飽和基含有エチレン系共重合体が混在してもよい。
また、高反発性を有する発泡体を目的とする場合は、好ましくは60/40~100/0、より好ましくは70/30~98/2、さらに好ましくは75/25~95/5、さらにより好ましくは80/20~93/7である。
前記質量比(A/B)は、発泡体用組成物作製時の原料の投入量の調整により制御できる。
(C)無機充填剤(以下、単に(C)成分と記載することもある。)は、熱可塑性樹脂やゴム状重合体に配合される一般的な充填剤であり、特に限定されるものではない。
本実施形態の発泡体用組成物中に、(C)無機充填剤を分散させ、無機充填剤の添加効果を十分に発揮させるという観点から、(C)無機充填剤の平均分散粒子径を0.01~4μmとすることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.02~1μm、さらに好ましくは0.02~0.5μmである。
なお、(C)無機充填剤の平均分散粒径は、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)により無機充填剤の分散状態を観察し、画像解析装置を用いて求めることができる。
これらの中で、補強性改善効果等の観点から、シリカ系無機充填剤、金属酸化物及び金属水酸化物からなる群から選ばれる無機充填剤が好ましい。
ここで、シリカ系無機充填剤とは、化学式SiO2、又はSi3Alを構成単位の主成分とする固体粒子のことをいい、例えばシリカ、クレイ、タルク、マイカ、ウォラストナイト、モンモリロナイト、ゼオライト、ガラス繊維等の無機繊維状物質等を用いることができる。
また、金属酸化物とは、化学式MxOy(Mは金属原子、x、yは各々1~6の整数)を構成単位の主成分とする固体粒子を指し、例えば、アルミナ、酸化チタン、酸化マグネシウム、酸化亜鉛等を用いることができる。2種以上の金属酸化物の混合物、金属酸化物と金属酸化物以外の無機充填剤の混合物も使用できる。
さらに、金属水酸化物とは、水和系無機充填剤であり、例えば、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化ジルコニウム、水和珪酸アルミニウム、水和珪酸マグネシウム、塩基性炭酸マグネシウム、ハイドロタルサイト、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化バリウム、酸化錫の水和物、硼砂等の無機金属化合物の水和物等を用いることができる。2種以上の金属水酸化物の混合物、金属水酸化物と金属水酸化物以外の無機充填剤の混合物も使用できる。
上述した各種無機充填剤の中でも、本実施形態の発泡体における引張強度等の機械的強度や剥離強度、耐圧縮永久歪性の観点から、シリカ、タルクが好ましく、特に軽量での硬度維持や剥離強度の観点から、シリカが好ましい。また、表面を疎水化したシリカ系無機充填剤や、2種以上のシリカ系無機充填剤の混合物、シリカ系無機充填剤とシリカ系以外の無機充填剤の混合物も使用できる。シリカとしては乾式法シリカ、湿式法シリカ、合成ケイ酸塩系シリカ、コロイダルシリカと呼ばれているもの等が使用できる。
(D)有機シランカップリング剤は、補強性改善効果、他の基材と接着させるためのプライマーや接着剤等との接着性向上等の観点から、(A)成分及び/又は(B)成分と、さらには、(C)成分の表面とに、それぞれ親和性あるいは結合性を示す基を有している有機シランカップリング剤であることがさらに好ましい。
例えば、ビス(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル)トリスルフィド、ビス(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル)ジスルフィド、ビス(2-卜リエトキシシリルエチル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(3-トリメトキシシリルプロピル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(2-トリメトキシシリルエチル)テトラスルフィド、3-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-メルカプトプロピルトリエトキシシラン、2-メルカプトエチルトリメトキシシラン、2-メルカプトエチルトリエトキシシラン、3-トリメトキシシリルプロピル-N,N-ジメチルチオカルバモイルテトラスルフィド、3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル-N,N-ジメチルチオカルバモイルテトラスルフィド、2-トリエトキシシリルエチル-N,N-ジメチルチオカルバモイルテトラスルフィド、3-トリメトキシシリルプロピルベンゾチアゾールテトラスルフィド、3-トリエトキシシリルプロピルベンゾチアゾールテトラスルフィド、3-トリエトキシシリルプロピルメタクリレートモノスルフィド、3-トリメトキシシリルプロピルメタクリレートモノスルフィド、ビス(3-ジエトキシメチルシリルプロピル)テトラスルフィド、3-メルカプトプロピルジメトキシメチルシラン、ジメトキシメチルシリルプロピル-N,N-ジメチルチオカルバモイルテトラスルフィド、ジメトキシメチルシリルプロピルベンゾチアゾールテトラスルフィド、3-ヘキサノイルチオプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-オクタノイルチオプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-デカノイルチオプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-ラウロイルチオプロピルトリエトキシシラン、2-ヘキサノイルチオエチルトリエトキシシラン、2-オクタノイルチオエチルトリエトキシシラン、2-デカノイルチオエチルトリエトキシシラン、2-ラウロイルチオエチルトリエトキシシラン、3-ヘキサノイルチオプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-オクタノイルチオプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-デカノイルチオプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-ラウロイルチオプロピルトリメトキシシラン、2-ヘキサノイルチオエチルトリメトキシシラン、2-オクタノイルチオエチルトリメトキシシラン、2-デカノイルチオエチルトリメトキシシラン、2-ラウロイルチオエチルトリメトキシシラン、p-スチリルトリメトキシシラン、アリルトリメトキシシラン、アリルトリエトキシシラン、アリルトリクロロシラン、N-(2アミノエチル)3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-(2アミノエチル)3-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、ジエトキシメチルビニルシラン、トリエトキシビニルシラン、ビニルトリス(2-メトキシエトキシ)シラン、ビニルトリクロルシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン等が挙げられる。
例えば、親和性あるいは結合性を示す基として、(A)成分及び(B)成分の不飽和結合に対してはスルフィド基やビニル基、アミノ基が挙げられ、(C)無機充填剤の表面に対してはメトキシシリル基やエトキシシリル基が挙げられる。
また、(D)有機シランカップリング剤でビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン等のビニル基やアミノ基を持つものを用いる場合は、(D)成分のビニル基やアミノ基を、(A)成分や(B)成分にラジカル付加反応させる際に、有機過酸化物及びアゾ化合物等のラジカル発生剤を添加してもよい。
(D)有機シランカップリング剤は、1種のみを単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
本実施形態の発泡体用組成物を構成する(E)発泡剤(以下、単に(E)成分と記載することもある。)としては、特に限定されず、公知のものを用いることができる。
例えば、アゾジカルボンアミド(ADCA)、N,N’-ジニトロソペンタメチレンテトラミン、4,4’-オキシビス(ベンゼンスルホニルヒドラジド)、ジフェニルスルホン-3,3’-ジスルホニルヒドラジド、p-トルエンスルホニルセミカルバジド、トリヒドラジノトリアジン等の有機系熱分解型発泡剤;炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム等の無機系熱分解型発泡剤等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、コストや反応性の観点から、アゾジカルボンアミド(ADCA)、炭酸水素ナトリウムが好ましい。
また、(E)発泡剤の含有量は、(A)オレフィン系共重合体と(B)共重合体の合計100質量部に対して、0.1~20質量部とする。(E)発泡剤の含有量は、1~18質量部が好ましく、2~15質量部がより好ましい。上記のような割合で成分(E)を用いると、発泡倍率及び独立気泡度の高い発泡体を得ることができる。
本実施形態の発泡体用組成物には、必要に応じて周期律表2~12族から選ばれる金属を含む有機金属化合物を添加してもよい。
例えば、ジアクリル酸亜鉛(ZDA)やジメタクリル酸亜鉛(ZDMA)が好ましい。これらの有機金属化合物を添加することで、得られる発泡体のゲル分率が上昇し、発泡セルを微細で均一にできる。
本実施形態の発泡体用組成物には、必要に応じて(F)架橋剤(以下、単に(F)成分と記載することもある。)を含有させることができ、これにより架橋した発泡体用組成物(以下、架橋発泡体用組成物と記載することもある。)を得ることができる。
(F)架橋剤としては特に限定されず、公知のものを用いることができる。例えば、有機過酸化物等のラジカル発生剤が挙げられる。
(F)架橋剤の含有量は、(A)オレフィン系共重合体と(B)共重合体成分の合計100質量部に対して、0.1~20質量部とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.1~15質量部とする。
これらは1種単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を混合して用いてもよい。
前記有機過酸化物の中でも、ジクミルペルオキシド、ジ-t-ブチルペルオキシド、2,5-ジメチル-2,5-ジ-(t-ブチルペルオキシ)ヘキサンが、反応性の観点から好ましい。
また、上記有機過酸化物を使用して架橋を行う際には、架橋助剤として、硫黄、p-キノンジオキシム、p,p’-ジベンゾイルキノンジオキシム、N-メチル-N-4-ジニトロソアニリン、ニトロソベンゼン、ジフェニルグアニジン、トリメチロールプロパン-N,N’-m-フェニレンジマレイミド等のペルオキシ架橋助剤、ジビニルベンゼン、トリアリルイソシアヌレート、トリアリルシアヌレート、エチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート、アリルメタクリレート等の多官能性メタクリレートモノマー、ビニルブチラート、ビニルステアレート等の多官能性ビニルモノマー等を併用することができる。
これらの架橋助剤の配合量は、(A)オレフィン系共重合体と(B)共重合体成分の合計100質量部に対して、0.01~20質量部とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.1~15質量部の割合で用いられる。
またさらに、架橋助剤として、亜鉛華、ステアリン酸等を必要に応じた量で使用してもよい。
本実施形態の発泡体用組成物には、必要に応じて、フィラー、耐熱安定剤、耐候安定剤、難燃剤、塩酸吸収剤、顔料等の各種添加剤を、本実施形態の目的を損なわない範囲で配合できる。
添加剤の種類は特に限定されないが、フィラーとしては、例えば、カーボンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、フラーレン等が挙げられる。
また、耐熱安定剤としては、イルガフォス168等に代表されるリン系安定剤、HP-136に代表されるラクトン系安定剤、イオウ系安定剤等が挙げられる。
耐候安定剤としては、ヒンダードフェノール系、ホスファイト系、チオエーテル系等が挙げられる。
難燃剤としては、赤リン系、ハロゲン系、有機リン酸エステル系、無機系難燃剤等が挙げられる。
塩酸吸収剤としては、ステアリン酸カルシウム等が挙げられる。
顔料としては、アゾ系、フタロシアニン系、酸化チタン等の酸化物系、クロモ酸モリブデン酸系顔料、硫化セレン化合物、フェロシアン化合物、カーボンブラック等の無機顔料等が挙げられる。
本実施形態の発泡体用組成物は、(A)オレフィン系共重合体、(B):(B-I)ビニル芳香族系共重合体及び/又は(B-II)不飽和基含有エチレン系共重合体、(C)無機充填剤、(D)有機シランカップリング剤、(E)発泡剤、必要に応じて(F)架橋剤を、特定の割合で、混練機によって、(E)成分及び(F)成分が分解しない温度((F)成分を含む場合には、(E)成分及び(F)成分が分解しない温度)で溶融混合することで、調製することができる。
あるいは、各成分を溶解又は分散混合後、溶剤を除去する方法等も用いることができる。
本実施形態では、生産性と混練性の観点から、押出機による溶融混合法が好ましい。
混合方法は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、前記(B)成分、(C)成分、及び(D)成分を、1段目で予め押出機によって溶融混練し、マスターバッチペレットを得た後に、(A)成分、(E)成分、さらに必要に応じて(F)成分を2段目で、(E)成分及び(F)成分が分解しない温度で溶融混練して調製する方法や、前記(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分、及び(D)成分を1段目であらかじめ押出機により溶融混練してマスターバッチペレットを得た後に、(E)成分、さらに必要に応じて(F)成分を2段目で、(E)成分及び(F)成分が分解しない温度で溶融混練して調整する方法が好ましい。
なお、「(E)成分及び(F)成分が分解しない温度」とは、(E)成分、(F)成分の種類によって適宜選択すればよく、また、溶融混練性とのバランスの観点から、例えば、80~200℃が好ましく、より好ましくは90~160℃、さらに好ましくは100~120℃である。
本実施形態に係る発泡体用組成物の形状は特に限定されず、適宜に所望の形状に成形することができる。例えば、ペレット状、シート状(フィルム状と呼ばれる場合もある。)、ストランド状、チップ状等とすることができる。例えば、必要に応じて、各成分の混合を造粒機等によってペレット状に調整できる。
例えば、本実施形態の発泡体用組成物のペレットを、押出機又はカレンダー成形機を用いて調製する方法;本実施形態の発泡体用組成物の各成分をブラベンダー等によって混練した後、カレンダーロールでシート状に成形する方法;プレス成形機でシート化する方法;押出機を用いて混練した後Tダイ又は環状ダイを通してシート化する方法等が挙げられる。これにより、未架橋かつ未発泡状態の発泡性シートが得られる。
本実施形態の発泡体用組成物を発泡させることにより、発泡体が得られる。またさらに、架橋剤の添加及び架橋工程を付加することにより架橋された発泡体(本明細書中、これを単に架橋発泡体と記載することがある。)とすることができる。
本実施形態の発泡体は、発泡時の脱泡や架橋反応時の架橋ムラが効果的に抑制され、成型安定性、加工性及び外観に優れる。さらには、従来では困難であった高い発泡倍率での発泡も可能であり、軽量かつ柔軟であり、圧縮永久歪み、剥離強度、接着強度、反発弾性等にも優れた発泡体である。
一般的に、発泡倍率を上げる(比重を下げる)と機械物性等は低下するが、本実施形態の発泡体においては、低比重であっても硬度を維持することができる。
機械強度、反発弾性、圧縮永久歪みの物性と比重とのバランスにおいては、比重0.05~0.50が好ましく、比重0.05~0.35がより好ましく、比重0.05~0.20がさらに好ましく、比重0.07~0.20がさらにより好ましい。
また、本実施形態の発泡体は、剥離強度/比重が18以上であることが好ましく、硬度だけでなく低比重であっても機械強度も維持することができる。
例えば、80~200℃の温度で、好ましくは100~180℃の温度で加熱することにより架橋される。
なお、架橋の方法は、特に限定されず、有機過酸化物による化学的方法のほかに、金属イオン架橋、シラン架橋、樹脂架橋等の方法により共重合体組成物を架橋させたものや、押出成形や射出成形等により成形した後、電子線、放射線等による物理的架橋、水架橋等の方法を併用してもよいが、利便性、生産性の観点から、有機過酸化物による化学的架橋が好ましい。
例えば、ペレット状にした発泡体用組成物を用いて、所定の型で成形してもよいし、シート状に成形し、その後、圧縮プレスにより、発泡体さらには必要に応じて架橋させた架橋発泡体を製造してもよい。
発泡性シートを、金型の容積に対して1.0~1.2倍の範囲の大きさに裁断して、120~200℃に保持された金型内に挿入する。金型の型締め圧力は30~300kgf/cm2、保持時間型10~90分の条件下で発泡性シートを加圧溶融して、架橋反応と発泡剤の分解を行った後、金型を開放して組成物を発泡させることによって、一次架橋発泡体を作製できる。
一次架橋発泡体を作製する際の架橋発泡用金型の形状は、特に制限はされないが、シートが得られるような形状の金型が用いられる。この架橋発泡用金型は、樹脂の溶融時や、発泡剤の分解時に発生するガスが抜けないように、完全に密閉された構造であることが好ましい。また、型枠としては、内面にテーパーが付いている型枠が、樹脂の離型性の観点から好ましい。
特に、本実施形態の発泡体は、軽量かつ柔軟であり、かつ圧縮永久歪み、剥離強度、反発弾性に優れており、更には成形安定性、加工性、接着性にも優れる材料として、自動車関係の部材、建築関係の材料、各種包装材料、日用品等に広く用いることができる。特に、履物、特に靴用ミッドソールとして好適に使用することができる。
((1)スチレン含有量、共役ジエンのビニル結合量、共役ジエン化合物に基づく不飽和結合の水素添加(水添)率、ビニル芳香族単量体単位、ブタジエンの1,4-結合単位及び1,2-結合単位、エチレン単位、あるいはブチレン単位量)
これらは、核磁気共鳴スペクトル解析(NMR)により測定した。
測定機器にJNM-LA400(JEOL製、商品名)、溶媒に重水素化クロロホルムを用い、サンプル濃度50mg/mL、観測周波数は400MHzとし、化学シフト基準にTMS(テトラメチルシラン)を用い、パルスディレイ2.904秒、スキャン回数64回、パルス幅45°、及び測定温度26℃の条件で測定を行った。
水添前のビニル芳香族系共重合体を用い、I.M.Kolthoff,etal.,J.Polym.Sci.1,429(1946)に記載の四酸化オスミウム酸法で測定した。ビニル芳香族系共重合体の分解にはオスミウム酸溶液の0.1g/125mL第3級ブタノール溶液を用いた。
ビニル芳香族系共重合体の重量平均分子量及び分子量分布は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)測定(装置:LC-10(島津製作所製、商品名)、カラム:TSKgelGMHXL(4.6mmID×30cm)2本、溶媒:テトラヒドロフラン(流量1.0mL/分)、カラム温度40℃)による市販の標準ポリスチレンによるポリスチレン換算分子量より求めた。また、分子量分布は、得られた重量平均分子量と数平均分子量の比として求めた。
シリカ系ゲルを充填剤としたGPCカラムに変性した成分が吸着する特性を応用し、変性ビニル芳香族系共重合体と低分子量内部標準ポリスチレンを含む試料溶液について、上記(3)で測定したクロマトグラム中の標準ポリスチレンに対する変性ビニル芳香族系共重合体の割合と、シリカ系カラムGPC[カラム:デュポン社製Zorbax、溶媒テトラヒドロフラン(流量0.5mL/分)、カラムオーブン温度40℃]で測定したクロマトグラム中の標準ポリスチレンに対する変性ビニル芳香族系共重合体の割合を比較し、それらの差分によりシリカカラムへの吸着量を測定した。未変性ビニル芳香族系共重合体の割合はシリカカラムへ吸着しなかったものの割合である。
これらの結果から、変性ビニル芳香族共重合体の割合を算出した。
後述するビニル芳香族系共重合体(B1~B4)を、幅10mm、長さ35mmのサイズにカットした測定用試験片とし、装置ARES(ティーエイインスツルメントー株式会社製、商品名)の捻りタイプのジオメトリーに、測定用試験片をセットし、実効測定長さは25mm、ひずみ0.5%、周波数1Hz、-50℃から50℃まで、昇温速度3℃/分で、動的粘弾性データを測定し、15℃のTanδ値を求めた。
Tanδのピーク温度は、RSIOrchestrator(ティーエイインスツルメントー株式会社製、商品名)の自動測定より求めた。
((1)比重)
架橋発泡体を直径1.4cm厚み1cmの円に打ち抜いて試験片とし、電子比重計(MD-200S アルミファーミラージュ株式会社製)を用いて測定した。
((2)硬度)
架橋発泡体の硬度(ショアーC)は、ASKER硬度計C硬度計(CL-150ショアーC 高分子計器株式会社製)を用いて測定し、瞬間値を読み取った。そして、5点の平均値(算術平均)を取って硬度とした。
((3)圧縮永久歪み)
架橋発泡体を厚み1cmに調整後、JIS-K6262に準拠して、50%の厚みまで圧縮し、23℃で22時間保持した後に圧力を開放し、30分間後の厚みを測定し、残留歪みの大きさを評価した。
((4)剥離強度)
架橋発泡体を2cm×10cm×厚み1cmの試験片とし、その試験片の真中に2cm分切れ目を入れて、チャック間約4cmで挟み、100mm/分で、万能引張圧縮試験機(TG-1kN NMBミネベア株式会社製)を用いて測定を行った。剥離強度は、下記式により算出した。
剥離強度=測定最大剥離強度/2 (kgf/cm)
架橋発泡体を厚み1cm×アングル形(切込み無し)に調整後、JIS-K6252に準拠して、チャック間約6cmで挟み、500mm/分で、万能引張圧縮試験機(TG-5kN NMBミネベア株式会社製)を用いて測定を行った。引裂強度は、下記式により算出した。
引裂強度=測定最大剥離強度 (kgf/cm)
架橋発泡体を厚み1cm×ダンベル状1号形に調整後、JIS-K6251に準拠して、チャック間約6cmで挟み、500mm/分で、万能引張圧縮試験機(TG-5kN NMBミネベア株式会社製)を用いて測定を行った。
引張強度=測定最大引張強度/初期断面積 (kgf/cm2)
引張伸び=試験片切断伸び(cm)/2cmの初期標線間隔×100 (%)
架橋発泡体を厚み1cmに調整後、JIS-K6255に準拠して、40cm(=L0)の高さより15gの鉄球を落下させた時の、鉄球の跳ね上がり高さ(=L)を23℃にて測定し、以下の式を用いて求めた。
反発弾性(%)=L/L0×100
架橋発泡体及び加硫ゴムを2cm×10cm×厚み1cmの試験片とし、下記の方法で調整後、架橋発泡体と加硫ゴムの接着強度を測定した。
<(1)架橋発泡体の調製>
1.架橋発泡体の表面を水で洗浄し、50℃のオーブン内で10分乾燥した。
2.水性UVプライマー P-6-2(DONGSUNG NSC LTD.)を塗布し、50℃のオーブン内で2.5分間乾燥した。
3.UV照射(0.56J/cm2)した。
4.水性接着剤 W01(DONGSUNG NSC LTD.)を塗布し、55℃で1.5分間熱風乾燥した。
<(2)加硫ゴムの調製>
1.加硫ゴムの表面を水で洗浄し、50℃のオーブン内で30分乾燥した。
2.水性プライマー PR-505(DONGSUNG NSC LTD.)を塗布し、55℃で1.5分間熱風乾燥した。
3.水性接着剤 W01(DONGSUNG NSC LTD.)を塗布し、55℃で1.5分間熱風乾燥した。
<(3)架橋発泡体と加硫ゴムの接着一体化による接着強度の測定>
水性接着剤 W01(DONGSUNG NSC LTD.)で表面が被覆された2つの基材を78.4Pa(8kg/cm2)で30分間プレスして一体化し、その後、100mm/分で、万能引張圧縮試験機(TG-5kN NMBミネベア株式会社製)を用いて測定を行った。
発泡体は比重と剥離強度との比率「剥離強度/比重」を算出し、この値が大きいほど、発泡体の軽さと剥離強さのバランスが良好であると判断した。
後述する実施例及び比較例で用いた(A)オレフィン系共重合体、(B)ビニル芳香族系共重合体、(C)無機充填剤、(D)有機シランカップリング剤、(E)発泡剤、(F)架橋剤を下記に示す。
<A1>
エチレン・1-ブテン共重合体(三井化学株式会社製、商品名「タフマーDF110」)
硬度(ショアーA):96
<A2>
エチレン・1-ブテン共重合体(三井化学株式会社製、商品名「タフマーDF810」)
硬度(ショアーA):87
<A3>
エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体(三井・デュポンポリケミカル株式会社製、商品名「エバフレックスEV460」)
硬度(ショアーA):90
[(B-I)ビニル芳香族系共重合体]
(水添触媒の調製)
ビニル芳香族系共重合体の水添反応に用いた水添触媒は、下記の方法で調製した。
窒素置換した反応容器に、乾燥、精製したシクロヘキサン1リットルを仕込み、ビス(η5-シクロペンタジエニル)チタニウムジクロリド100ミリモルを添加し、十分に攪拌しながらトリメチルアルミニウム200ミリモルを含むn-ヘキサン溶液を添加して、室温にて約3日間反応させた。
<B1>
内容積が10リットルの攪拌装置及びジャケット付き槽型反応器を用いて、ビニル芳香族系共重合体を以下の方法で調製した。
所定量のシクロヘキサンを反応器に仕込んで、温度70℃に調整し、その後、n-ブチルリチウムを、全モノマー(反応器に投入したブタジエンモノマー及びスチレンモノマーの総量)の質量に対して0.16質量部となるように反応器の底部から添加し、更にn-ブチルリチウム1モルに対して0.35モルとなるようにN,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルエチレンジアミンのシクロヘキサン溶液を添加し、その後モノマーとして、1ステップ目のスチレン15質量部を含有するシクロヘキサン溶液(モノマー濃度24質量%)を約10分間で供給し、反応器内温度を約70℃に調整した。
供給停止後、15分間反応器内温度を70℃に調整しながら反応を行った。
次に、2ステップ目のブタジエン70質量部を含有するシクロヘキサン溶液(モノマー濃度24質量%)を60分間かけて一定速度で連続的に反応器に供給し、その間の反応器内温度を70℃になるように調整した。供給停止後、10分間反応器内温度を70℃に調整しながら反応を行った。
更に、3ステップ目のスチレン15質量部を含有するシクロヘキサン溶液(モノマー濃度24質量%)を約10分間で供給し、反応器内温度を約70℃に調整した。供給停止後、15分間反応器内温度を70℃に調整しながら反応を行った。
重合終了後、変性剤として1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノンを重合に使用したn-ブチルリチウムに対して当モルを添加し、反応機内温度を70℃に調整しながら10分間反応させた。得られた変性ビニル芳香族系共重合体を分析したところ、スチレン含有量は30質量%、ポリスチレンブロック含有量が30質量%、ブタジエン部のビニル結合量は35%、変性率は75%、重量平均分子量は8.0万、分子量分布は1.03であった。
次に、得られた変性ビニル芳香族系共重合体に、上記調整の水添触媒を非水添ビニル芳香族系共重合体100質量部当たりチタン原子として100ppm添加し、水素圧0.7MPa、温度65℃に調整しながら30分間攪拌して水添反応を行った。
反応終了後に、安定剤としてオクタデシル-3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネートを、共重合体100質量部に対して0.25質量部添加し、変性ビニル芳香族系共重合体B1を得た。ポリマーB1の水添率は80%であった。
1ステップ目はスチレン20質量部、2ステップ目はブタジエン60質量部、3ステップ目はスチレン20質量部とし、n-ブチルリチウムの量を全モノマーの質量に対して、0.11質量部となるように反応器の底部から添加し、更にn-ブチルリチウム1モルに対して0.25モルとなるようにN,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルエチレンジアミン量を変更した。その他の条件は前記ポリマーB1と同様に重合したが、変性反応は行わなかった。
重合終了後、メタノールの量が、n-ブチルリチウム1モルに対して1当量になるようにメタノールのシクロヘキサン溶液を添加し、重合反応を終了した。
重合で得られたビニル芳香族系共重合体を分析したところ、スチレン含有量は40質量%、ポリスチレンブロック含有量が40質量%、ブタジエン部のビニル結合量は28%、重量平均分子量は7.5万、分子量分布は1.04であった。
次に、得られたビニル芳香族系共重合体を前記ポリマーB1と同様にして水添反応を行い、反応終了後に安定剤を添加した。水添率は40%であるビニル芳香族系共重合体B2を得た。
1ステップ目はスチレン22.5質量部、2ステップ目はブタジエン55質量部、3ステップ目はスチレン22.5質量部とし、n-ブチルリチウムの量を全モノマーの質量に対して0.10質量部となるように反応器の底部から添加し、更にn-ブチルリチウム1モルに対して0.23モルとなるようにN,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルエチレンジアミン量を変更した。その他の条件は前記ポリマーB1と同様に重合したが、変性反応は行わなかった。
重合終了後、メタノールの量が、n-ブチルリチウム1モルに対して1当量になるようにメタノールのシクロヘキサン溶液を添加し、重合反応を終了した。
重合で得られたビニル芳香族系共重合体を分析したところ、スチレン含有量は45質量%、ポリスチレンブロック含有量が45質量%、ブタジエン部のビニル結合量は25%、重量平均分子量は7.0万、分子量分布は1.05であった。
次に、得られたビニル芳香族系共重合体を前記ポリマーB1と同様にして水添反応を行い、反応終了後に安定剤を添加した。水添率は35%であるビニル芳香族系共重合体B3を得た。
n-ブチルリチウムの量を全モノマーの重量に対して、0.07質量部となるように反応器の底部から添加し、更にn-ブチルリチウム1モルに対して0.3モルとなるようにN,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルエチレンジアミンのシクロヘキサン溶液を添加し、その後、モノマーとして、1ステップ目のスチレン10質量部を含有するシクロヘキサン溶液を約5分間で供給し、反応器内温度を約70℃に調整した。供給停止後、15分間反応器内温度を70℃に調整しながら反応を行った。
次に、2ステップ目のブタジエン37質量部とスチレン45質量部とを含有するシクロヘキサン溶液を60分間かけて一定速度で連続的に反応器に供給し、その間の反応器内温度を70~80℃になるように調整し、供給停止後、10分間反応器内温度を70~80℃に調整しながら反応させた。
最後に、3ステップ目のスチレン8質量部を含有するシクロヘキサン溶液を5分間で供給し、反応器内温度を約70℃に調整した。供給停止後、15分間反応器内温度を70℃に調整しながら反応させた。
その他の条件は、ポリマーB1と同様に重合したが、変性反応は行わなかった。
重合終了後、メタノールの量が、n-ブチルリチウム1モルに対して1当量になるようにメタノールのシクロヘキサン溶液を添加し重合反応を終了した。
重合で得られたビニル芳香族系共重合体を分析したところ、スチレン含有量は62質量%、ポリスチレンブロック含有量が23質量%、ブタジエン部のビニル結合量は21%、重量平均分子量は16万、分子量分布は1.08であった。
次に、得られたビニル芳香族系共重合体を前記ポリマーB1と同様にして水添反応を行い、反応終了後に安定剤を添加した。水添率は35%であるビニル芳香族系共重合体B4を得た。
<B5>
エチレン・プロピレン・ジエン共重合体 EPDM
(ダウ・ケミカル社製、商品名「Nordel IP 4770R」)
<C1>
無機充填剤として、シリカ ニプシルAQ(東ソー・シリカ株式会社製、平均分散粒子径0.3μm)を用いた。
<C2>
無機充填剤として、タルク JM209(浅田製粉製、平均分散粒子径3.5μm)を用いた。
<D1>
スルフィド系有機シランカップリング剤として、Si69(エボニックデグサ株式会社製)を用いた。
<D2>
スルフィド系有機シランカップリング剤として、Si75(エボニックデグサ株式会社製)を用いた。
<D3>
ビニル系有機シランカップリング剤として、GF 56(旭化成ワッカーシリコーン株式会社製)を用いた。
<D4>
メルカプト系有機シランカップリング剤として、GF 70(旭化成ワッカーシリコーン株式会社製)を用いた。
発泡剤として、エクセラーAK#2(永和化成工業株式会社製)を用いた。
有機化酸化物として、パークミルD(日本油脂株式会社製)を用いた。
まず、溶融混練機として押出機を用いて、下記表2に示す第一工程の配合成分であるエチレン・1-ブテン共重合体(A1)20質量部、ビニル芳香族系共重合体(B1)10質量部、無機充填剤シリカ ニプシルAQ(C1)5質量部、有機シランカップリング剤 Si75(D2)0.4質量部を混練り温度:200℃で混練りし、マスターペレットを得た。
次に、溶融混練機として加圧ニーダーを用いて、第一工程の混練物であるマスターペレットと、下記表2に示した第二工程の各配合成分であるエチレン・1-ブテン共重合体(A1)70質量部、その他添加剤を混練り温度:約130℃、混練り時間:10分間の条件で混練りした。
更に、溶融混練機として2本ロールオープンミルを用いて、前記第二工程の混練物と、下記表2に示した第三工程の各配合成分である発泡剤 エクセラーAK#2(E)9質量部、有機化酸化物 パークミルD(F)0.7質量部を、混練り温度:100℃、混練り時間:5分間の条件で混練りし、発泡体用組成物を得た。
次に、圧縮成形機を用いて得られた発泡体用組成物を、温度160℃、圧力150kgf/cm2の条件で、20分間圧縮成形した。
その後、圧力を開放して1次架橋発泡体を得た。
この1次架橋発泡体を圧縮比率145±5%で圧縮成形することにより2次架橋発泡体を得た。
続いて、この2次架橋発泡体の物性を上述した方法によって測定した。
下記表2に示す第一工程のビニル芳香族系共重合体(B1)に替えて、ビニル芳香族系共重合体(B2)を使用した。その他の条件は、実施例1と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
下記表2に示す第一工程のビニル芳香族系共重合体(B1)に替えて、ビニル芳香族系共重合体(B3)を使用した。その他の条件は、実施例1と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
下記表2に示した第一工程の無機充填剤シリカ ニプシルAQ(C1)に替えて、無機充填剤タルク JM209(C2)を使用した。その他の条件は、実施例3と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
下記表2に示した第一工程の有機シランカップリング剤(D2)に替えて、有機シランカップリング剤(D3)を使用した。その他の条件は、実施例3と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
下記表2に示した第一工程の有機シランカップリング剤(D2)に替えて、有機シランカップリング剤(D4)を使用した。その他の条件は、実施例3と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
下記表2に示した第一工程のビニル芳香族系共重合体(B1)に替えて、不飽和基含有エチレン系共重合体(B5)を使用した。その他の条件は、実施例1と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
下記表2に示した第一工程の材料の配合成分として、エチレン・1-ブテン共重合体(A1)20質量部、エチレン・1-ブテン共重合体(A2)20質量部、無機充填剤シリカ ニプシルAQ(C1)5質量部、有機シランカップリング剤 GF56(D3)0.4質量部、第二工程の材料の各配合成分として、エチレン・1-ブテン共重合体(A1)60質量部を、それぞれ使用した。その他の条件は、実施例1と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
下記表2に示した第一工程の材料の配合成分として、有機シランカップリング剤(D2)に替えて有機シランカップリング剤(D1)0.5質量部とし、第二工程のエチレン・1-ブテン共重合体(A1)70質量部の内、50質量部をエチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体(A3)とし、第三工程の配合成分として、発泡剤 エクセラーAK#2(E)7質量部とした。その他の条件は、実施例3と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
下記表2に示した第一工程の配合成分として、エチレン・1-ブテン共重合体(A1)20質量部、エチレン・1-ブテン共重合体(A2)20質量部とし、無機充填剤シリカ ニプシルAQ(C1)5質量部とし、有機シランカップリング剤Si69(D1)0.4質量部とし、第二工程の各配合成分として、エチレン・1-ブテン共重合体(A1)60質量部とし、第三工程の各配合成分として、発泡剤 エクセラーAK#2(E)7質量部とし、有機化酸化物 パークミルD(F)0.7質量部とした。その他の条件は、実施例1と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
下記表3に示した第一工程の添加剤である無機充填剤(C1)と、有機シランカップリング剤(D2)を配合しなかった。その他の条件は、実施例3と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
下記表3に示した第一工程の添加剤である有機シランカップリング剤(D2)を配合しなかった。その他の条件は、実施例3と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
下記表3に示した第一工程の添加剤である無機充填剤(C1)を配合しなかった。その他の条件は、実施例3と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
下記表3に示した第一工程の添加剤である有機シランカップリング剤(D2)を配合しなかった。その他の条件は、実施例4と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
下記表3に示した第一工程の添加剤である無機充填剤(C1)と、有機シランカップリング剤(D2)を配合しなかった。その他の条件は、実施例5と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
下記表3に示した第一工程のエチレン系共重合体(A1)を配合せず、第三工程の発泡剤 エクセラーAK#2(E)9質量部を7質量部とした。その他の条件は、実施例3と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
まず、溶融混練機として押出機を用いて、下記表4に示した第一工程の配合成分として、エチレン・1-ブテン共重合体(A2)20質量部、ビニル芳香族系共重合体(B4)60質量部、無機充填剤シリカ ニプシルAQ(C1)10質量部、有機シランカップリング剤Si75(D2)0.8質量部を、混練り温度:200℃で混練りし、マスターペレットを得た。
次に、溶融混練機として加圧ニーダーを用いて、前記第一工程の混練物であるマスターペレットと、下記表4に示した第二工程の各配合成分であるエチレン・1-ブテン共重合体(A2)20質量部と、その他添加剤とを、混練り温度:130℃、混練り時間:10分間の条件で混練りした。
更に、溶融混練機として2本ロールオープンミルを用いて、前記第二工程の混練物と、下記表4に示した第三工程の各配合成分である発泡剤 エクセラーAK#2(E)2質量部と、有機化酸化物 パークミルD(F)0.35質量部とを、混練り温度:100℃、混練り時間:5分間の条件で混練りし、発泡体用組成物を得た。
次に、圧縮成形機を用いて得られた発泡体用組成物を、温度160℃、圧力150kgf/cm2 で20分間圧縮成形した。
その後、圧力を開放して1次架橋発泡体を得た。この1次架橋発泡体を圧縮比率145±5%で圧縮成形することにより2次架橋発泡体を得た。
続いて、この2次架橋発泡体の物性を上述した方法によって測定した。
下記表4に示した第一工程で、ビニル芳香族系共重合体(B4)60質量部を70質量部とし、第二工程のエチレン・1-ブテン共重合体(A2)20質量部を(A1)10質量部とし、さらに第三工程の発泡剤 エクセラーAK#2(E)2質量部を2.5質量部とし、有機化酸化物 パークミルD(F)0.35質量部を0.44質量部とした。その他の条件は、実施例11と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
下記表4に示した第一工程の添加剤である無機充填剤(C1)と、有機シランカップリング剤(D2)を配合しなかった。その他の条件は、実施例11と同様にして2次架橋発泡体を作製し、上述した方法によって物性を測定した。
実施例1~8は、硬度が50~57、圧縮永久歪みが14~25%、剥離強度が2.0~2.7kgf/cm、接着強度が2.5~2.9kgf/cmであった。
一方、比較例1~3はいずれも、硬度が40~51、圧縮永久歪みが30~37%、剥離強度が1.6~1.9kgf/cm、接着強度が1.6~2.0kgf/cmであり、実施例に劣る結果であった。
実施例9は、硬度が55、圧縮永久歪みが13%、剥離強度が3.2kgf/cm、接着強度が3.2kgf/cmであった。
一方、比較例4は、硬度が52、圧縮永久歪みが27%、剥離強度が2.5kgf/cm、接着強度が2.1kgf/cmであり、実施例に劣る結果であった。
実施例10は、硬度が53、圧縮永久歪みが24%、剥離強度が3.0kgf/cm、接着強度が2.9kgf/cmであった。
一方、比較例5は、硬度が40、圧縮永久歪みが32%、剥離強度が2.5kgf/cm、接着強度が1.9kgf/cmであり、実施例に劣る結果であった。
また、比較例6は物性を測定できる発泡体が得られなかった。
実施例11、12は、硬度が52~54、圧縮永久歪みが13~15%、剥離強度が3.3~3.9kgf/cm、接着強度が3.0~3.3kgf/cmであった。
一方、比較例7は、硬度が47、圧縮永久歪みが31%、剥離強度が2.2kgf/cm、接着強度が1.1.5kgf/cmであり、実施例に劣る結果であった。
Claims (18)
- (A)オレフィン系共重合体と、
(B)下記(B-I)及び/又は下記(B-II)である共重合体と、
(C)無機充填剤と、
(D)有機シランカップリング剤と、
(E)発泡剤と、
を、含む発泡体用組成物であって、
前記(B)成分に対する前記(A)成分の質量比(A/B)が、5/95~100/0であり、
前記(A)成分及び前記(B)成分の合計100質量部に対して、前記(C)成分が0.5~35質量部、前記(E)成分が0.1~20質量部、
前記(D)成分が前記(C)成分100質量部に対して0.1~50質量部、
それぞれ含有されている発泡体用組成物。
(B-I)ビニル芳香族化合物と共役ジエンを含むビニル芳香族系共重合体、及び/又は、ビニル芳香族化合物とアルキレンを含むビニル芳香族系共重合体
(B-II)不飽和基を有するエチレン系共重合体 - 前記(A)成分が、エチレン系共重合体である請求項1に記載の発泡体用組成物。
- 前記(B-I)成分が、ビニル芳香族単量体単位を5~90質量%含み、かつ、共役ジエン単量体単位を5~65質量%含む請求項1又は2に記載の発泡体用組成物。
- 前記(B)成分が、分子鎖に官能基を有する共重合体である請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の発泡体用組成物。
- 前記(C)成分が、シリカ系無機充填剤、金属酸化物及び金属水酸化物からなる群から選ばれる無機充填剤であり、平均分散粒子径が0.01~4μmである、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の発泡体用組成物。
- 前記(D)成分が、前記(A)成分及び/又は前記(B)成分、さらには前記(C)成分の表面に対して、それぞれ親和性あるいは結合性を示す基を有している有機シランカップリング剤である、請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の発泡体用組成物。
- 前記(D)成分が、ポリスルフィドシランカップリング剤である、請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の発泡体用組成物。
- 前記(B-I)成分であるビニル芳香族系共重合体の動的粘弾性測定(1Hz)により得られるTanδピークが0℃を超え30℃以下の範囲にあり、かつ15℃のTanδ値が0.4以上である請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の発泡体用組成物。
- 前記(B-I)成分であるビニル芳香族系共重合体の動的粘弾性測定(1Hz)により得られるTanδピークが0℃以下である請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の発泡体用組成物。
- (F)架橋剤を、前記(A)成分及び前記(B)成分の合計100質量部に対して、0.1~20質量部、さらに含む請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項に記載の発泡体用組成物。
- 1段目で、少なくとも(B)下記(B-I)及び/又は(B-II)である共重合体、(C)無機充填剤、及び(D)有機シランカップリング剤を、120℃以上の温度であらかじめ溶融混練し、マスターバッチを得る工程と、
2段目で前記マスターバッチ、(A)オレフィン系共重合体、(E)発泡剤及び/又は(F)架橋剤を、溶融混練する工程と、
を、有する、
発泡体用組成物の製造方法。
(B-I)ビニル芳香族化合物と共役ジエンを含む共重合体、及び/又は、ビニル芳香族化合物とアルキレンを含むビニル芳香族系共重合体
(B-II)不飽和基を有するエチレン系共重合体 - 1段目で、少なくとも(A)オレフィン系共重合体、(B)下記(B-I)及び/又は(B-II)である共重合体、(C)無機充填剤、及び(D)有機シランカップリング剤を、120℃以上の温度であらかじめ溶融混練し、マスターバッチを得る工程と、
2段目で、前記マスターバッチ、(E)発泡剤、必要に応じてさらに(F)架橋剤を、
溶融混練する工程と、
を、有する、
発泡体用組成物の製造方法。
(B-I)ビニル芳香族化合物と共役ジエンを含む共重合体、及び/又は、ビニル芳香族化合物とアルキレンを含むビニル芳香族系共重合体
(B-II)不飽和基を有するエチレン系共重合体 - 請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の発泡体用組成物を発泡、又は、架橋発泡することによって得られる発泡体。
- 比重が0.01~0.70であり、硬度(ショアーC)が15~70であるオレフィン系共重合体組成物からなる発泡体。
- 比重が0.05~0.20であり、硬度(ショアーC)が45~60であり、かつ剥離強度/比重の値が18以上である請求項13又は14に記載の発泡体。
- 請求項13乃至15のいずれか一項に記載の発泡体を用いた履物。
- 請求項13乃至15のいずれか一項に記載の発泡体を用いた建築材。
- 請求項13乃至15のいずれか一項に記載の発泡体を用いた自動車用部材。
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JP5627136B2 (ja) | 2014-11-19 |
KR20140133889A (ko) | 2014-11-20 |
EP2546291B1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
CN104262772A (zh) | 2015-01-07 |
CN102791782B (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
JPWO2011111696A1 (ja) | 2013-06-27 |
EP2546291A4 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
EP2546291A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
CN102791782A (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
US20120322905A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
KR20120129943A (ko) | 2012-11-28 |
US10179850B2 (en) | 2019-01-15 |
KR101572776B1 (ko) | 2015-11-27 |
TW201139540A (en) | 2011-11-16 |
ES2583329T3 (es) | 2016-09-20 |
CN104262772B (zh) | 2019-01-04 |
TWI443141B (zh) | 2014-07-01 |
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