WO2011161837A1 - 複合多孔質膜、複合多孔質膜の製造方法並びにそれを用いた電池用セパレーター - Google Patents
複合多孔質膜、複合多孔質膜の製造方法並びにそれを用いた電池用セパレーター Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011161837A1 WO2011161837A1 PCT/JP2010/064507 JP2010064507W WO2011161837A1 WO 2011161837 A1 WO2011161837 A1 WO 2011161837A1 JP 2010064507 W JP2010064507 W JP 2010064507W WO 2011161837 A1 WO2011161837 A1 WO 2011161837A1
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- porous membrane
- film
- composite porous
- heat
- composite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite porous film in which a porous film containing a heat-resistant resin is laminated on a porous film made of a polyolefin-based resin, and in particular, has excellent ion permeability, and the polyolefin-based porous film and the heat-resistant resin.
- the present invention relates to a composite porous membrane that is excellent in adhesion to the membrane and useful as a separator for a lithium ion battery.
- the porous membrane made of thermoplastic resin is widely used as a material for separation of substances, selective permeation and isolation.
- various filters such as battery separators for lithium secondary batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, polymer batteries, separators for electric double layer capacitors, reverse osmosis filtration membranes, ultrafiltration membranes, microfiltration membranes, etc. It is used in breathable and waterproof clothing, medical materials, and the like.
- polyethylene porous membranes are preferably used as separators for lithium ion secondary batteries because of their excellent electrical insulation properties and ion permeability due to electrolyte impregnation, and are resistant to electrolytes and acids.
- lithium-ion battery separators are deeply involved in battery characteristics, battery productivity, and battery safety.
- Excellent mechanical characteristics, heat resistance, permeability, dimensional stability, pore clogging characteristics (shutdown characteristics), melting damage Film prevention characteristics (meltdown prevention characteristics) are required. Therefore, various heat resistance improvement studies have been made so far.
- further thinning will progress in order to increase not only the electrodes but also the area that can be filled in the container not only in the separator. As the porous film becomes thinner, it tends to be deformed in the plane direction, so the heat-resistant resin layer may peel off during processing of the composite porous film, in the slit process, or in the battery assembly process, ensuring safety. It becomes difficult.
- Patent Document 1 a polyamide-imide resin is directly applied to a polyolefin porous film having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m so as to have a film thickness of 1 ⁇ m, immersed in water at 25 ° C., and dried to obtain a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a separator is disclosed.
- the polyolefin-based porous Infiltration of the resin component into the membrane is unavoidable, and a significant increase in the air resistance and a decrease in the pore closing function are unavoidable.
- the resin component easily fills the inside of the porous material, causing an extreme increase in air resistance.
- such a method also has a problem that the film thickness unevenness of the polyolefin-based porous film is likely to be related to the film thickness unevenness of the heat-resistant resin layer, and the air resistance resistance is likely to vary.
- Patent Document 2 exemplifies an electrolyte-supported polymer film obtained by immersing and drying a nonwoven fabric made of aramid fibers having an average thickness of 36 ⁇ m in a dope containing a vinylidene fluoride copolymer that is a heat-resistant resin.
- Patent Document 3 a composite porous membrane obtained by immersing a polypropylene porous membrane having a film thickness of 25.6 ⁇ m in a dope mainly composed of polyvinylidene fluoride, which is a heat-resistant resin, and undergoing solidification, washing, and drying processes. Is illustrated.
- Patent Document 3 the heat resistant porous layer is still formed on the inside and both surfaces of the polypropylene porous membrane, and a significant increase in the air permeability resistance cannot be avoided as in Patent Document 2, It is difficult to obtain an occlusion function.
- Patent Document 4 when a para-aramid resin solution, which is a heat-resistant resin, is directly applied to a 25 ⁇ m-thick polyethylene porous film, it is used in advance in the heat-resistant resin solution in order to avoid a significant increase in air resistance.
- the porous organic film is impregnated with a polar organic solvent, and after applying a heat resistant resin solution, it is formed into a cloudy film in a thermostatic chamber set at a temperature of 30 ° C. and a relative humidity of 65%, and then washed.
- a separator having a heat-resistant porous layer made of para-aramid obtained by drying is disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 there is no significant increase in the air resistance, but the adhesion between the polyethylene porous film and the heat resistant resin is extremely small, and particularly when the thickness of the polyethylene porous film is less than 10 ⁇ m. Since it is easily deformed in the planar direction, the heat-resistant resin layer may be peeled off in the battery assembly process, making it difficult to ensure safety.
- Patent Document 5 a polyamideimide resin solution is applied to a propylene film and passed through an atmosphere of 80% RH at 25 ° C. for 30 seconds to obtain a semi-gel porous film, and then a polyethylene having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m or 10 ⁇ m.
- a composite porous membrane obtained by laminating a porous film on the semi-gel porous membrane, immersing it in an aqueous solution containing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), washing with water and drying. .
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- Patent Document 5 there is no significant increase in the air resistance, but the adhesion between the polyethylene porous film and the heat-resistant resin is extremely small. When the thickness is less than 10 ⁇ m, the heat resistant resin layer may be peeled off, making it difficult to ensure safety.
- the present invention provides a composite porous membrane that achieves both excellent adhesion of a heat resistant resin layer and a small increase in air resistance even when the composite porous membrane including a battery separator is made thinner in the future. Aiming to provide a composite porous membrane suitable for battery separators, particularly suitable for high battery capacity, excellent ion permeability, and high-speed processability in battery assembly processing It is.
- the present invention has the following configurations (1) to (9).
- the composite porous membrane satisfying the following formula (D) the composite porous membrane further satisfies the following formulas (E) and (F).
- Thickness of porous membrane A ⁇ 10 ⁇ m Formula (A) 0.01 ⁇ m ⁇ average pore diameter of porous membrane A ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ m Formula (B) 30% ⁇ Porosity of porous membrane A ⁇ 70% Formula (C) Total thickness of composite porous membrane ⁇ 13 ⁇ m Formula (D) Peel strength at the interface between porous membrane A and porous membrane B ⁇ 1.0 N / 25 mm ...
- (6) The method for producing a composite porous membrane according to (5), wherein the base film is peeled after obtaining the composite porous membrane in step (ii).
- (7) The method for producing a composite porous membrane according to (5) or (6), wherein the base film is a polyester film or a polyolefin film having a thickness of 25 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the passage time in the low humidity zone is 3 seconds or more and 20 seconds or less in the step (i), and the passage time in the high humidity zone is 3 seconds or more and 10 seconds or less (5) to (7
- a battery separator comprising the composite porous membrane according to any one of (1) to (4).
- the composite porous membrane of the present invention has both excellent adhesion of the heat-resistant resin layer and small increase in air permeability resistance, the battery has a high capacity, excellent ion permeability, and battery assembly processing. It is suitable for high-speed processability in the process, and can be particularly suitably used for a battery separator.
- the composite porous membrane of the present invention is obtained by laminating a porous membrane B containing a heat-resistant resin on a porous membrane A made of a polyolefin-based resin. It achieves excellent adhesion of the heat-resistant resin layer without causing an increase.
- the significant increase in the air resistance is that the difference between the air resistance (X) of the porous membrane as the base material and the air resistance (Y) of the composite porous membrane exceeds 100 seconds / 100 cc Air.
- the adhesiveness of the excellent heat resistant resin layer means that the peel strength is 1.0 N / 25 mm or more, preferably 1.5 N / 25 mm or more, and more preferably 2.0 N / 25 mm or more. If it is less than 1.0 N / 25 mm, the heat-resistant resin layer may be peeled off during high-speed processing in the battery assembly process. There is no particular upper limit to the peel strength, but 30 N / 25 mm is sufficient for adhesion.
- the porous membrane A used in the present invention will be described.
- the resin constituting the porous membrane A polyolefin is preferable, and polyethylene is particularly preferable. This is because, in addition to basic characteristics such as electrical insulation and ion permeability, it has a hole closing effect that cuts off the current and suppresses excessive temperature rise at abnormal battery temperature rise.
- the resin constituting the porous membrane A is preferably from the viewpoint of process workability and mechanical strength that can withstand various external pressures generated when wound with the electrode, for example, tensile strength, elastic modulus, elongation, and piercing strength.
- the mass average molecular weight is 300,000 or more, more preferably 400,000 or more, and most preferably 500,000 or more.
- the polyolefin component which has the mass mean molecular weight of the said range contains 50 weight% or more, More preferably, it is preferable to contain 60 weight% or more. When the content is lower than the above range, the melt viscosity is low, so the mechanical properties are significantly reduced when the temperature is raised above the pore closing temperature. Melt film breakage may occur.
- phase structure of the porous membrane A varies depending on the production method. As long as the above various characteristics are satisfied, the phase structure according to the purpose can be freely given by the production method. There are foaming methods, phase separation methods, dissolution recrystallization methods, stretched pore opening methods, powder sintering methods, etc., among these porous membrane production methods. Among these, phase separation is performed in terms of uniform micropores and cost. The method is preferred.
- the porous membrane A needs to have a function of closing the pores when the charge / discharge reaction is abnormal (pore closing function).
- the melting point (softening point) of the constituent resin is preferably 70 to 150 ° C., more preferably 80 to 140 ° C., and most preferably 100 to 130 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 70 ° C, the pore blocking function may be exhibited during normal use and the battery may become unusable. Therefore, if the temperature exceeds 150 ° C, the abnormal reaction proceeds sufficiently and the hole blocking function appears. Therefore, safety may not be ensured.
- the film thickness of the porous film A needs to be less than 10 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit is preferably 9.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 9 ⁇ m.
- the lower limit is preferably 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 6 ⁇ m. If it is thinner than 5 ⁇ m, it may not be possible to have a practical membrane strength and pore blocking function. If it is 10 ⁇ m or more, the area per unit volume of the battery case will be greatly restricted, and the battery will progress in the future. It is not suitable for high capacity.
- the upper limit of the air permeability resistance (JIS-P8117) of the porous membrane A is preferably 500 seconds / 100 cc Air, more preferably 400 seconds / 100 cc Air, most preferably 300 seconds / 100 cc Air, and the lower limit is preferably 50 seconds / 100 cc Air. More preferably, it is 70 seconds / 100 cc Air, and most preferably 100 seconds / 100 cc Air.
- the upper limit of the porosity of the porous membrane A is 70%, preferably 60%, more preferably 55%.
- the lower limit is 30%, preferably 35%, more preferably 40%.
- the air resistance is higher than 500 seconds / 100 cc Air or the porosity is lower than 30%, sufficient charge / discharge characteristics of the battery, particularly ion permeability (charge / discharge operating voltage), battery life (electrolysis) (It is closely related to the amount of liquid retained), and if these ranges are exceeded, the battery function may not be fully exhibited.
- the air permeability resistance is lower than 50 seconds / 100 cc Air or the porosity is higher than 70%, sufficient mechanical strength and insulation cannot be obtained, and a short circuit may occur during charging and discharging. Increases nature.
- the average pore diameter of the porous membrane A is 0.01 to 1.0 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 0.3 ⁇ m, because it greatly affects the pore closing rate. If it is smaller than 0.01 ⁇ m, the anchoring effect of the heat resistant resin is difficult to obtain, and sufficient heat resistant resin adhesion may not be obtained. The possibility increases. When it is larger than 1.0 ⁇ m, there is a possibility that a phenomenon such as a slow response to the temperature of the hole closing phenomenon or a phenomenon that the hole closing temperature due to the heating rate shifts to a higher temperature side.
- the surface state of the porous membrane A when the surface roughness (arithmetic average roughness) is in the range of 0.01 to 0.5 ⁇ m, the adhesion to the porous membrane B tends to be stronger. . When the surface roughness is lower than 0.01 ⁇ m, the effect of improving the adhesion is not observed. When the surface roughness is higher than 0.5 ⁇ m, the mechanical strength of the porous film A is reduced or the unevenness is transferred to the surface of the porous film B. Sometimes.
- the porous membrane B used in the present invention contains a heat resistant resin, and plays a role of supporting and reinforcing the porous membrane A by its heat resistance.
- the glass transition temperature of the heat resistant resin constituting the porous membrane B is preferably 150 ° C. or higher, more preferably 180 ° C. or higher, most preferably 210 ° C. or higher, and the upper limit is not particularly limited.
- the decomposition temperature may be in the above range.
- the glass transition temperature is lower than 150 ° C., a sufficient heat-resistant film breaking temperature cannot be obtained, and high safety may not be ensured.
- the heat-resistant resin constituting the porous film B is not particularly limited as long as it has heat resistance, and examples thereof include polyamideimide, polyimide or polyamide-based resin, and polyamideimide as the main component. Resin is preferred. These resins may be used alone or in combination with other materials.
- polyamideimide resin is used as the heat resistant resin.
- the synthesis of polyamide-imide resin is carried out by an ordinary method such as an acid chloride method using trimellitic acid chloride and diamine or a diisocyanate method using trimellitic anhydride and diisocyanate. preferable.
- Examples of the acid component used for the synthesis of the polyamide-imide resin include trimellitic anhydride (chloride), and a part thereof can be replaced with other polybasic acid or anhydride thereof.
- trimellitic anhydride chloride
- tetracarboxylic acids such as pyromellitic acid, biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, biphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic acid, benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, biphenylethertetracarboxylic acid, ethylene glycol bistrimellitate, propylene glycol bistrimellitate and their anhydrides
- Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, adipic acid, malonic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, dicarboxypolybutadiene, dicarboxypoly (acrylonitrile-butadiene), dicarboxypoly (styrene
- 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid are preferable from the viewpoint of the resistance to electrolytic solution, and dimer acid, dicarboxypolybutadiene having a molecular weight of 1000 or more, dicarboxylate from the shutdown characteristics.
- Dimer acid, dicarboxypolybutadiene having a molecular weight of 1000 or more, dicarboxylate from the shutdown characteristics are preferred.
- Poly (acrylonitrile butadiene) and dicarboxy poly (styrene-butadiene) are preferred.
- a urethane group can be introduced into the molecule by replacing part of the trimellitic acid compound with glycol.
- glycols include alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, and hexanediol, polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and polytetramethylene glycol, and one or two of the above dicarboxylic acids.
- examples thereof include polyesters having terminal hydroxyl groups synthesized from the above and one or more of the above-mentioned glycols.
- polyethylene glycol and polyesters having terminal hydroxyl groups are preferred because of shutdown effect.
- these number average molecular weights are preferably 500 or more, and more preferably 1000 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably less than 8000.
- diamine (diisocyanate) component used in the synthesis of the polyamideimide resin examples include aliphatic diamines such as o-tolidine, tolylenediamine, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, and hexamethylenediamine, and their diisocyanates, 1,4-cyclohexanediamine, 1 Alicyclic diamines such as 1,3-cyclohexanediamine and dicyclohexylmethanediamine and their diisocyanates, m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4 ' -Aromatic diamines such as diaminodiphenylsulfone, benzidine, xylylenediamine, naphthalenediamine, and their diisocyanates, among which the reactivity, cost, resistance Most preferably dicyclo
- o-tolidine diisocyanate (TODI), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and blends thereof are preferred.
- o-tolidine diisocyanate (TODI) having high rigidity is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 60 mol% or more, and still more preferably, based on the total isocyanate. It is 70 mol% or more.
- Polyamideimide resin is agitated while heating at 60 to 200 ° C in polar solvents such as N, N'-dimethylformamide, N, N'-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and ⁇ -butyrolactone. By doing so, it can be easily manufactured.
- polar solvents such as N, N'-dimethylformamide, N, N'-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- amines such as triethylamine and diethylenetriamine
- alkali metal salts such as sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, cesium fluoride, sodium methoxide, and the like can be used as a catalyst as necessary.
- the logarithmic viscosity is preferably 0.5 dl / g or more.
- the logarithmic viscosity is less than 0.5 dl / g, sufficient meltdown characteristics may not be obtained due to a decrease in melting temperature, and the porous film becomes brittle due to low molecular weight, and the anchor effect is reduced, resulting in reduced adhesion. It is to do.
- the upper limit of the logarithmic viscosity is preferably less than 2.0 dl / g in consideration of processability and solvent solubility.
- Porous membrane B is a heat-resistant resin solution (varnish) that is soluble in a heat-resistant resin and dissolved in a solvent miscible with water. It is obtained by phase-separating a solvent miscible with water and adding it to a water bath (coagulation bath) to coagulate the heat resistant resin. If necessary, a phase separation aid may be added to the varnish.
- Solvents that can be used to dissolve the heat resistant resin include N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), hexamethyltriamide phosphate (HMPA), and N, N-dimethyl.
- DMAc N-dimethylacetamide
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- HMPA hexamethyltriamide phosphate
- N, N-dimethyl examples include formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ⁇ -butyrolactone, chloroform, tetrachloroethane, dichloroethane, 3-chloronaphthalene, parachlorophenol, tetralin, acetone, acetonitrile, etc., depending on the solubility of the resin. You can choose.
- the solid content concentration of the varnish is not particularly limited as long as it can be uniformly applied, but is preferably 2% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less, more preferably 4% by weight or more and 40% by weight or less.
- the obtained porous membrane B may become brittle.
- it exceeds 50% by weight it may be difficult to control the thickness of the porous membrane B.
- phase separation aid used in the present invention water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, alkylene glycol such as hexanediol, polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, It is selected from water-soluble polyester, water-soluble polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose and the like, and the addition amount is preferably 10 to 90% by weight, more preferably 20 to 80% by weight, most preferably 30 to 30% by weight based on the weight of the varnish solution. It is in the range of 70% by weight.
- phase separation aids By mixing these phase separation aids into the varnish, it is possible to mainly control the air permeability resistance, the surface porosity, and the layer structure formation rate.
- the addition amount is less than the above range, the phase separation rate may not be significantly increased.
- the addition amount is more than the above range, the coating liquid becomes cloudy at the mixing stage and the resin component is precipitated. There is a fear.
- inorganic particles or heat-resistant polymer particles may be added to the varnish in order to reduce the thermal contraction rate of the porous layer B and to impart slipperiness.
- the upper limit of the amount added is preferably 95% by mass.
- the addition amount exceeds 95% by mass, the ratio of the heat resistant resin to the total volume of the porous membrane B becomes small, and sufficient adhesion of the heat resistant resin to the porous membrane A may not be obtained.
- Inorganic particles include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, amorphous silica, crystalline glass filler, kaolin, talc, titanium dioxide, alumina, silica-alumina composite oxide particles, barium sulfate, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, zeolite , Molybdenum sulfide, mica and the like.
- Examples of the heat resistant polymer particles include crosslinked polystyrene particles, crosslinked acrylic resin particles, crosslinked methyl methacrylate particles, benzoguanamine / formaldehyde condensate particles, melamine / formaldehyde condensate particles, and polytetrafluoroethylene particles. .
- the film thickness of the porous membrane B is preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 4 ⁇ m, and most preferably 1 to 3 ⁇ m. If the film thickness is less than 1 ⁇ m, there is a possibility that the membrane breaking strength and insulation properties cannot be secured when the porous film A is melted or shrunk at a melting point or higher, and if it is thicker than 5 ⁇ m, the porosity in the composite porous film The ratio occupied by the membrane A is small, a sufficient pore blocking function cannot be obtained, and abnormal reactions may not be suppressed. Moreover, there is a possibility that the volume of winding becomes large and it is not suitable for increasing the capacity of a battery that will be advanced in the future.
- the porosity of the porous membrane B is preferably 30 to 90%, more preferably 40 to 70%. If the porosity is less than 30%, the electrical resistance of the film increases and it becomes difficult to pass a large current. On the other hand, if it exceeds 90%, the film strength tends to be weak.
- the air resistance of the porous membrane B is preferably 1 to 2000 seconds / 100 cc Air measured by a method based on JIS-P8117. More preferably, it is 50 to 1500 seconds / 100 cc Air, and further preferably 100 to 1000 seconds / 100 cc Air. When the air resistance is less than 1 second / 100 cc Air, the film strength is weak, and when it exceeds 2000 seconds / 100 cc Air, the cycle characteristics may be deteriorated.
- the upper limit of the total thickness of the composite porous membrane obtained by laminating the porous membrane A and the porous membrane B is 13 ⁇ m, and more preferably 12 ⁇ m.
- the lower limit is preferably 6 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 7 ⁇ m or more. If it is thicker than 13 ⁇ m, the increase in air resistance may increase, and it may be difficult to avoid a decrease in capacity due to a decrease in the electrode area that can be filled in the container. If the thickness is less than 6 ⁇ m, it may be difficult to ensure sufficient mechanical strength and insulation.
- the difference (Y ⁇ X) between the air permeability resistance (X seconds / 100 cc Air) of the porous membrane A and the air permeability resistance (Y seconds / 100 cc Air) of the entire composite porous membrane is 20 Seconds / 100 cc Air ⁇ Y ⁇ X ⁇ 100 seconds / 100 cc Air If YX is less than 20 seconds / 100 cc Air, sufficient adhesion of the heat resistant resin layer cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 100 seconds / 100 cc Air, the air permeability resistance is significantly increased. As a result, the ion permeability is lowered when the battery is incorporated in the battery, so that the separator is not suitable for a high-performance battery.
- the air resistance of the composite porous membrane is preferably 50 to 600 seconds / 100 cc Air, more preferably 100 to 500 seconds / 100 cc Air, and most preferably 100 to 400 seconds / 100 cc Air. If the value of air resistance is lower than 50 seconds / 100 cc Air, sufficient insulation cannot be obtained, which may lead to clogging of foreign matter, short circuit, and film breakage. If the value is higher than 600 seconds / 100 cc Air, In some cases, the membrane resistance is high, and charge / discharge characteristics and life characteristics in a practically usable range cannot be obtained.
- a varnish heat resistant resin solution
- a base film such as a polyester film or a polyolefin film
- Examples of the method for applying the varnish include reverse roll coating, gravure coating, kiss coating, roll brushing, spray coating, air knife coating, wire barber coating, pipe doctor method, blade coating method, and die coating method. These methods can be carried out alone or in combination.
- the low humidity zone in the present invention is a zone whose absolute humidity is adjusted to less than 6 g / m 3 .
- the upper limit of absolute humidity is preferably 4 g / m 3 , more preferably 3 g / m 3
- the lower limit is preferably 0.5 g / m 3 , more preferably 0.8 g / m 3 . If the absolute humidity is less than 0.5 g / m 3 , phase separation is not sufficiently performed, so that it is difficult to finally become a porous membrane, and the increase in air resistance may be increased.
- the heat-resistant resin starts to solidify in parallel with the phase separation, and when the porous film A is laminated, the heat-resistant resin is not sufficiently permeated into the porous film A. Sufficient heat-resistant resin adhesion cannot be obtained.
- the passage time in the low humidity zone is preferably 3 seconds or more and 20 seconds or less. If it is less than 3 seconds, the phase separation may not be sufficiently performed. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20 seconds, the heat-resistant resin may be excessively solidified.
- the high humidity zone referred to in the present invention has a lower limit of absolute humidity of 6 g / m 3 , preferably 7 g / m 3 , more preferably 8 g / m 3 , an upper limit of 25 g / m 3 , preferably 17 g / m 3 , The zone is preferably adjusted to 15 g / m 3 .
- the absolute humidity is less than 6 g / m 3 , gelation (non-fluidization) is not sufficiently performed.
- the penetration of the heat-resistant resin into the porous film A proceeds too much, Increase in air resistance increases.
- the absolute humidity exceeds 25 g / m 3 , the solidification of the heat resistant resin proceeds too much, the penetration of the heat resistant resin into the porous membrane A becomes too small, and sufficient adhesion may not be obtained.
- the passage time in the high humidity zone is preferably 3 seconds or more and 10 seconds or less. In less than 3 seconds, gelation (non-fluidization) is not sufficiently performed. Therefore, when the porous membrane A is laminated, the penetration of the heat-resistant resin into the porous membrane A proceeds too much, and the air permeability resistance increases.
- the width exceeds 10 seconds, solidification of the heat-resistant resin proceeds too much, penetration of the heat-resistant resin into the porous membrane A becomes too small, and sufficient adhesion may not be obtained. is there.
- the temperature conditions for both the low-humidity zone and the high-humidity zone are not particularly limited as long as the absolute humidity is within the above range, but 20 ° C. or more and 50 ° C. or less are preferable from the viewpoint of energy saving.
- the thickness of the film substrate is not particularly limited as long as it can maintain the flatness, but a thickness of 25 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m is preferable. If it is less than 25 ⁇ m, sufficient planarity may not be obtained. Moreover, even if it exceeds 100 micrometers, planarity does not improve.
- the porous film A is bonded onto the semi-gel heat-resistant resin film formed in this way so as not to include bubbles.
- a method of laminating a method of laminating a film coming from two directions on the surface of one metal roll is preferable because it causes less damage to the film.
- the semi-gel form means a state in which a region gelled in the process of gelation of the polyamideimide resin solution due to absorption of moisture in the atmosphere and a region holding the solution state are mixed. .
- the porous film A is laminated on the semi-gel heat-resistant resin film within at least 10 seconds immediately after passing through the high humidity zone. If it exceeds 10 seconds, solidification of the heat resistant resin film proceeds and sufficient adhesion of the porous film B may not be obtained.
- the base film may be peeled off.
- the porous film A is preferably bonded to the heat resistant resin film without peeling off the base film.
- a composite porous membrane can be produced even when a soft porous membrane A that has a low elastic modulus and is necked by the tension during processing is used. Specifically, it can be expected that the composite porous membrane does not wrinkle or bend when passing through the guide roll, and curling during drying can be reduced.
- the base material and the composite porous membrane may be wound up at the same time, or after passing through the drying step, the base material and the composite porous membrane may be wound up on separate winding rolls. Is preferable because there is little risk of winding deviation.
- the bonded porous film A and heat resistant resin film are immersed in a coagulation bath, and the heat resistant resin film is phase-converted to be converted into a porous film B.
- the composition of the coagulation bath is not particularly limited.
- the coagulation bath may be an aqueous solution containing 1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 5 to 15% by weight, of a good solvent for the heat-resistant resin constituting the porous membrane B.
- the final composite porous membrane can be obtained by subjecting the unwashed porous membrane to a washing step using pure water and a drying step using hot air at 100 ° C. or lower.
- the thickness of the porous membrane A is less than 10 ⁇ m, a composite porous membrane having an excellent balance between adhesion and air resistance can be obtained.
- the composite porous membrane of the present invention can be prepared by using a polyolefin-based porous membrane slit to a target width as the porous membrane A, but it can also be processed subsequently on-line when the polyolefin porous membrane is produced. It is.
- online refers to the purpose of laminating the porous membrane B continuously after the polyolefin porous membrane manufacturing process (specifically, the drying step after washing), and through the solidification, washing and slitting steps. Means for obtaining a composite porous membrane.
- the composite porous membrane of the present invention is desirably stored in a dry state, but when it is difficult to store in a completely dry state, it is preferable to perform a vacuum drying treatment at 100 ° C. or lower immediately before use.
- the composite porous membrane of the present invention includes a nickel-hydrogen battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel-zinc battery, a silver-zinc battery, a secondary battery such as a lithium secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery, and a plastic film capacitor, although it can be used as a separator for ceramic capacitors, electric double layer capacitors, etc., it is particularly preferred to be used as a separator for lithium secondary batteries.
- a lithium secondary battery will be described as an example.
- a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated via a separator, and the separator contains an electrolytic solution (electrolyte).
- the structure of the electrode is not particularly limited, and may be a known structure.
- the positive electrode has a current collector and a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions formed on the current collector.
- the positive electrode active material include transition metal oxides, composite oxides of lithium and transition metals (lithium composite oxides), and inorganic compounds such as transition metal sulfides. Transition metals include V, Mn, and Fe. , Co, Ni and the like.
- Preferred examples of the lithium composite oxide among the positive electrode active materials include lithium nickelate, lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, and a layered lithium composite oxide based on an ⁇ -NaFeO 2 type structure.
- the negative electrode has a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer including a negative electrode active material formed on the surface of the current collector.
- the negative electrode active material include carbonaceous materials such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, cokes, and carbon black.
- the electrolytic solution can be obtained by dissolving a lithium salt in an organic solvent.
- Lithium salts include LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , Li 2 B 10 Cl 10 , Examples include LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (CF 3 ) 2 , LiPF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 , lower aliphatic carboxylic acid lithium salt, LiAlCl 4 and the like. These may be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- organic solvent examples include organic solvents having a high boiling point and a high dielectric constant such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and ⁇ -butyrolactone, and tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, dioxolane, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and the like.
- organic solvents having a low boiling point and a low viscosity These may be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- a high dielectric constant organic solvent has a high viscosity
- a low viscosity organic solvent has a low dielectric constant. Therefore, it is preferable to use a mixture of both.
- the separator (composite porous membrane) is impregnated with the electrolytic solution. Thereby, ion permeability can be imparted to the separator.
- the impregnation treatment is performed by immersing the porous membrane in an electrolytic solution at room temperature.
- a positive electrode sheet, a separator (composite porous membrane), and a negative electrode sheet are laminated in this order, and this laminate is wound from one end to form a wound electrode element.
- a battery can be obtained by inserting this electrode element into a battery can, impregnating with the above electrolyte, and caulking a battery lid also serving as a positive electrode terminal provided with a safety valve via a gasket.
- the film thickness was measured using a contact-type film thickness meter (Digital Micrometer M-30 manufactured by Sony Manufacturing Co., Ltd.).
- Porous film A by a peeling method peeling speed 500 mm / min, T-type peeling
- a tensile tester ““Tensilon RTM-100” manufactured by A & D Co., Ltd.”
- the peel strength at the interface of the porous membrane B were measured. The measurement was performed over time during 100 mm from the start of measurement to the end of measurement, the average value of the measured values was calculated, and converted to a value per 25 mm width to obtain the peel strength.
- the porous film B surface may remain on the porous film A side at the peeling interface, the peeling strength at the interface between the porous film A and the porous film B is also calculated in this case.
- the average pore diameter of the porous membrane A was measured by the following method.
- the test piece was fixed to the measuring cell using double-sided tape, platinum or gold was vacuum-deposited for several minutes, and the measurement was performed at an appropriate magnification.
- Arbitrary 10 places observed most foremost on the image obtained by SEM measurement were selected, and the average value of the pore diameters at these 10 places was defined as the average pore diameter of the test piece.
- the hole diameter was not substantially circular, the value obtained by adding the major axis and the minor axis and dividing by 2 was defined as the hole diameter.
- a test piece having a width of 4 mm and a length of 21 mm was cut from the obtained dry film, and the measurement length was 15 mm, using a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring apparatus (DVA-220 manufactured by IT Measurement Control), 110 Hz, temperature increase rate of 4 ° C. / Baseline extension below the glass transition temperature and tangent line showing the maximum slope above the refraction point at the refraction point of the storage modulus (E ') measured from room temperature to 450 ° C under conditions of minutes The temperature at the point of intersection was taken as the glass transition temperature.
- DVA-220 dynamic viscoelasticity measuring apparatus manufactured by IT Measurement Control
- Porosity (1 ⁇ mass / (resin density ⁇ sample volume)) ⁇ 100
- Example 1 In a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, cooling tube, and nitrogen gas inlet tube, 1 mol of trimellitic anhydride (TMA), 0.8 mol of o-tolidine diisocyanate (TODI), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) ) 0.2 mol and 0.01 mol of potassium fluoride were added together with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone so that the solid concentration was 20%, and stirred at 100 ° C. for 5 hours.
- the polyamideimide resin solution (a) was synthesized by diluting with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- the obtained polyamideimide resin had a logarithmic viscosity of 1.35 dl / g and a glass transition temperature of 320 ° C.
- Example 2 A composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the absolute humidity of the low humidity zone was 4.0 g / m 3 .
- Example 3 A composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the absolute humidity of the low humidity zone was 5.5 g / m 3 .
- Example 4 A composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the absolute humidity of the high humidity zone was 7.0 g / m 3 .
- Example 5 A composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the absolute humidity in the high humidity zone was 16.0 g / m 3 .
- Example 6 Example except that the passage time of the low-humidity zone and the high-humidity zone was 5.3 seconds and 3.0 seconds, respectively, and the time from the exit of the high-humidity zone to the bonding of the polyethylene porous membrane was 1.1 seconds. 1 was used to obtain a composite porous membrane.
- Example 7 Example except that the passage time of the low humidity zone and the high humidity zone was 16.0 seconds and 10.0 seconds, respectively, and the time from the exit of the high humidity zone to the bonding of the polyethylene porous membrane was 3.4 seconds. 1 was used to obtain a composite porous membrane.
- Example 8 A composite porous membrane A was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyethylene porous membrane having a thickness of 9.5 ⁇ m, a porosity of 40%, an average pore diameter of 0.15 ⁇ m, and a gas permeability of 320 seconds / 100 cc Air was used as the porous membrane A. A membrane was obtained.
- Example 9 A composite porous membrane A was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyethylene porous membrane having a thickness of 7.0 ⁇ m, a porosity of 40%, an average pore diameter of 0.15 ⁇ m, and an air resistance of 220 seconds / 100 cc Air was used as the porous membrane A. A membrane was obtained.
- Example 10 In a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a condenser tube, and a nitrogen gas inlet tube, 1 mole of trimellitic anhydride (TMA), 0.80 mole of o-tolidine diisocyanate (TODI), diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate ( MDI) 0.20 mol, potassium fluoride 0.01 mol together with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone so that the solid content concentration is 20%, and after stirring at 100 ° C. for 5 hours, the solid content concentration is 14%. The resulting solution was diluted with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to synthesize a polyamideimide resin solution (b).
- TMA trimellitic anhydride
- TODI o-tolidine diisocyanate
- MDI diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate
- MDI diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate
- the obtained polyamideimide resin had a logarithmic viscosity of 1.05 dl / g and a glass transition temperature of 313 ° C.
- a composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the varnish (b) (solid content concentration 5.5% by weight) in which the polyamideimide resin solution (a) was replaced with the polyamideimide resin solution (b) was used. It was.
- Example 11 In a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a condenser tube, and a nitrogen gas inlet tube, 1 mole of trimellitic anhydride (TMA), 0.60 mole of o-tolidine diisocyanate (TODI), diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate ( MDI) 0.40 mol and potassium fluoride 0.01 mol together with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone so that the solid concentration is 20%, and after stirring at 100 ° C. for 5 hours, the solid concentration is 14%. The resulting solution was diluted with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to synthesize a polyamideimide resin solution (c).
- TMA trimellitic anhydride
- TODI o-tolidine diisocyanate
- MDI diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate
- potassium fluoride 0.01 mol
- the obtained polyamideimide resin had a logarithmic viscosity of 0.85 dl / g and a glass transition temperature of 308 ° C.
- a composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that varnish (c) (solid content concentration 5.5% by weight) in which the polyamideimide resin solution (a) was replaced with the polyamideimide resin solution (c) was used. It was.
- Example 12 Polyamideimide resin solution (a) 32.6 parts by mass and 10.5 parts by mass of alumina particles having an average particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m were diluted with 48.4 parts by mass of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and further ethylene glycol 8. 5 parts by mass was added, together with zirconium oxide beads (trade name “Traceram beads”, diameter 0.5 mm) manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., placed in a polypropylene container, and dispersed for 6 hours with a paint shaker (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho). . Subsequently, it filtered with the filter of 5 micrometers of filtration limits, and prepared varnish (d) (solid content concentration 30.0 weight%). A composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the varnish (a) was replaced with the varnish (d).
- Example 13 Implemented except that the varnish (e) (solid content concentration 30.0% by weight) in which the alumina particles were replaced with titanium oxide particles (made by Titanium Industry Co., Ltd., trade name “KR-380”, average particle size 0.38 ⁇ m) A composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12.
- Example 14 A composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating amount of the porous membrane B was adjusted to a final thickness of 10.5 ⁇ m.
- Example 15 The composite porous membrane A was composite porous as in Example 1 except that a polyethylene porous membrane having a thickness of 6.5 ⁇ m, a porosity of 38%, an average pore diameter of 0.15 ⁇ m, and a gas permeability resistance of 210 seconds / 100 cc Air was used. A membrane was obtained.
- Example 16 A composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the absolute humidity of the low-humidity zone was 1.2 g / m 3 .
- Comparative Example 1 A composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature of the low humidity zone was 25 ° C. and the absolute humidity was 7.0 g / m 3 .
- Comparative Example 2 A composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the high humidity zone was set to a temperature of 25 ° C. and an absolute humidity of 5.0 g / m 3 .
- Comparative Example 3 A four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a cooling tube, and a nitrogen gas inlet tube is 1 mol of trimellitic anhydride (TMA), 0.76 mol of o-tolidine diisocyanate (TODI), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) ) 0.19 mol and 0.01 mol of potassium fluoride were charged together with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone so that the solid concentration was 20%, and stirred at 100 ° C. for 5 hours. Thus, a polyamide-imide resin solution (f) was synthesized by diluting with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- TMA trimellitic anhydride
- TODI o-tolidine diisocyanate
- TDI 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate
- the obtained polyamidoimide resin had a logarithmic viscosity of 0.45 dl / g and a glass transition temperature of 315 ° C.
- a composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the varnish (f) in which the polyamideimide resin solution (a) was replaced with the polyamideimide resin solution (f) was used.
- Comparative Example 4 A varnish (a) was applied to the porous membrane A (made of polyethylene, thickness 9 ⁇ m, porosity 45%, average pore diameter 0.15 ⁇ m, air permeability 240 sec / 100 cc Air) by a blade coating method, and the temperature was 25 ° C. Pass through a low humidity zone with an absolute humidity of 1.8 g / m 3 for 8 seconds, followed by a high humidity zone with a temperature of 25 ° C. and an absolute humidity of 12 g / m 3 in 5 seconds, then after 2 seconds, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone Was then introduced into an aqueous solution containing 5% by weight, washed with pure water, and then passed through a hot air drying oven at 70 ° C. to obtain a composite porous membrane having a final thickness of 11.8 ⁇ m.
- the porous membrane A made of polyethylene, thickness 9 ⁇ m, porosity 45%, average pore diameter 0.15 ⁇ m, air permeability 240 sec / 100
- Comparative Example 5 Porous membrane A (made of polyethylene, thickness 9 ⁇ m, porosity 45%, average pore diameter 0.15 ⁇ m, air resistance 240 sec / 100 cc Air) was previously immersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to saturate the pores. A composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4 except that it was used by being filled with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- Comparative Example 7 A composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the absolute humidity in the high-humidity zone was 25.5 g / m 3 .
- Comparative Example 8 A composite porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating amount of the porous membrane B was adjusted to a final thickness of 14.0 ⁇ m.
- Table 1 shows the production conditions of the composite porous membranes of Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8, and the characteristics of the porous membrane A and the composite porous membrane.
- the composite porous membrane of the present invention has both excellent heat-resistant resin layer adhesion and a small increase in air resistance, even when the thickness is further reduced in the future. It is suitable for high ion permeability and high-speed workability in the battery assembly process, and particularly suitable for battery separators.
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Abstract
Description
(1)ポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる多孔質膜Aに耐熱性樹脂を含む多孔質膜Bが積層された複合多孔質膜であって、多孔質膜Aが下記式(A)~(C)を満足し、複合多孔質膜が下記式(D)を満足するものにおいて、複合多孔質膜が下記式(E)及び(F)をさらに満足することを特徴とする複合多孔質膜。
多孔質膜Aの厚さ<10μm ・・・・・式(A)
0.01μm≦多孔質膜Aの平均孔径≦1.0μm・・・・・式(B)
30%≦多孔質膜Aの空孔率≦70% ・・・・・式(C)
複合多孔質膜全体の厚さ≦13μm ・・・・・式(D)
多孔質膜Aと多孔質膜Bの界面での剥離強度≧1.0N/25mm
・・・・・式(E)
20≦Y-X≦100 ・・・・・式(F)
(Xは多孔質膜Aの透気抵抗度(秒/100ccAir)、Yは複合多孔質膜全体の透気抵抗度(秒/100ccAir)である)
(2)複合多孔質膜の透気抵抗度が50~600秒/100ccAirであることを特徴とする(1)に記載の複合多孔質膜。
(3)耐熱性樹脂がポリアミドイミド樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂又はポリアミド樹脂であることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)に記載の複合多孔質膜。
(4)耐熱性樹脂が、0.5dl/g以上の対数粘度を有するポリアミドイミド樹脂であることを特徴とする(3)に記載の複合多孔質膜。
(5)以下の工程(i)及び(ii)を含むことを特徴とする(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の複合多孔質膜の製造方法。
工程(i):基材フィルム上に耐熱性樹脂溶液を塗布した後、絶対湿度6g/m3未満の低湿度ゾーンを通過させ、次いで、絶対湿度6g/m3以上25g/m3以下の高湿度ゾーンを通過させて基材フィルム上に耐熱性樹脂膜を形成する工程、および
工程(ii):工程(i)で形成された耐熱性樹脂膜とポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる多孔質膜Aとを貼り合わせた後、凝固浴に浸漬させて耐熱性樹脂膜を多孔質膜Bに変換させ、洗浄、乾燥し、複合多孔質膜を得る工程。
(6)基材フィルムが、工程(ii)で複合多孔質膜を得た後に剥離されることを特徴とする(5)に記載の複合多孔質膜の製造方法。
(7)基材フィルムが厚さ25~100μmのポリエステル系フィルム又はポリオレフィン系フィルムであることを特徴とする(5)又は(6)に記載の複合多孔質膜の製造方法。
(8)工程(i)において低湿度ゾーンの通過時間が3秒以上20秒以下であり、高湿度ゾーンの通過時間が3秒以上10秒以下であることを特徴とする(5)~(7)のいずれかに記載の複合多孔質膜の製造方法。
(9)(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の複合多孔質膜を含むことを特徴とする電池用セパレーター。
多孔質膜Aを構成する樹脂としては、ポリオレフィンが好ましく、特にポリエチレンが好ましい。電気絶縁性、イオン透過性などの基本特性に加え、電池異常昇温時温度において電流を遮断し過度の昇温を抑制する孔閉塞効果を具備しているからである。
多孔質膜Bは、耐熱性樹脂を含むものであり、その耐熱性により多孔質膜Aを支持・補強する役割を担う。従って、多孔質膜Bを構成する耐熱性樹脂のガラス転移温度は、好ましくは150℃以上、さらに好ましくは180℃以上、最も好ましくは210℃以上であり、上限は特に限定されない。ガラス転移温度が分解温度よりも高い場合、分解温度が上記範囲内であれば良い。ガラス転移温度が150℃よりも低い場合、十分な耐熱破膜温度が得られず、高い安全性を確保できないおそれがある。
一般に、ポリアミドイミド樹脂の合成は、トリメリット酸クロリドとジアミンを用いる酸クロリド法やトリメリット酸無水物とジイソシアネートを用いるジイソシアネート法等の通常の方法で行われるが、製造コストの点からジイソシアネート法が好ましい。
本発明の複合多孔質膜の製造方法では、まず、ポリエステル系フィルム又はポリオレフィン系フィルム等の基材フィルム上にワニス(耐熱性樹脂溶液)を塗布した後、低湿度ゾーンに通過させる。この間にワニス中の耐熱性樹脂と該樹脂を溶解させている溶剤とを相分離させる。
接触式膜厚計(ソニーマニュファクチュアリング社製 デジタルマイクロメーター M-30)を使用して測定した。
実施例及び比較例で得られたセパレーターの多孔質膜B面に粘着テープ(ニチバン社製、405番;24mm幅)を貼り、幅24mm、長さ150mmに裁断し、試験用サンプルを作製した。
多孔質膜Aの平均孔径は以下の方法で測定した。試験片を測定用セルに上に両面テープを用いて固定し、プラチナまたは金を数分間真空蒸着させ、適度な倍率で測定を行った。SEM測定で得られた画像上で最も手前に観察される任意の10箇所を選択し、それら10箇所の孔径の平均値を試験片の平均孔径とした。なお、孔が略円形でない場合には、長径と短径を足して2で割った値を孔径とした。
テスター産業(株)社製のガーレー式デンソメーターB型を使用して、複合多孔質膜をクランピングプレートとアダプタープレートの間にシワが入らないように固定し、JIS P-8117に従って測定した。試料としては10cm角のものを2枚用意し、それぞれの試料について、試料の中央部と4隅を測定点として合計10点の測定を行い、10点の平均値を透気抵抗度[秒/100ccAir]として用いた。なお、試料の1辺の長さが10cmに満たない場合は5cm間隔で10点測定した値を用いてもよい。
耐熱性樹脂0.5gを100mlのNMPに溶解した溶液を25℃でウベローデ粘度管を用いて測定した。
耐熱性樹脂溶液、または複合多孔質膜を良溶媒に漬けて耐熱性樹脂膜のみを溶解させた樹脂溶液を、アプリケーターによってPETフィルム(東洋紡績製E5001)あるいはポリプロピレンフィルム(東洋紡績製パイレン-OT)に適当なギャップで塗布し、120℃10分間予備乾燥した後に剥離して、適当な大きさの金枠に耐熱粘着テープで固定した状態で、さらに真空下で200℃12時間乾燥し、乾式フィルムを得た。得られた乾式フィルムから幅4mm×長さ21mmの試験片を切り取り、測定長15mmで動的粘弾性測定装置(アイティー計測制御製DVA―220)を用いて、110Hz、昇温速度4℃/分の条件下で室温から450℃までの範囲で測定した時の貯蔵弾性率(E′)の屈折点において、ガラス転移温度以下のベースラインの延長線と、屈折点以上における最大傾斜を示す接線との交点の温度をガラス転移温度とした。
10cm角の試料を用意し、その試料体積(cm3)と質量(g)を測定し、得られた結果から次式を用いて空孔率(%)を計算した。なお、10cm角試料の試料体積(cm3)は、10(cm)×10(cm)×多孔質膜Aの厚み(cm)で求めることができる。
空孔率=(1-質量/(樹脂密度×試料体積))×100
温度計、冷却管、窒素ガス導入管のついた4ツ口フラスコにトリメリット酸無水物(TMA)1モル、o-トリジンジイソシアネート(TODI)0.8モル、2,4-トリレンジイソシアネート(TDI)0.2モル、フッ化カリウム0.01モルを固形分濃度が20%となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドンと共に仕込み、100℃で5時間攪拌した後、固形分濃度が14%となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドンで希釈してポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(a)を合成した。得られたポリアミドイミド樹脂の対数粘度は1.35dl/g、ガラス転移温度は320℃であった。
低湿度ゾーンの絶対湿度を4.0g/m3とした以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
低湿度ゾーンの絶対湿度を5.5g/m3とした以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
高湿度ゾーンの絶対湿度を7.0g/m3とした以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
高湿度ゾーンの絶対湿度を16.0g/m3とした以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
低湿度ゾーン及び高湿度ゾーンの通過時間をそれぞれ5.3秒、3.0秒とし、高湿度ゾーン出口からポリエチレン製多孔質膜を貼り合わせるまでの時間を1.1秒とした以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
低湿度ゾーン及び高湿度ゾーンの通過時間をそれぞれ16.0秒、10.0秒とし、高湿度ゾーン出口からポリエチレン製多孔質膜を貼り合わせるまでの時間を3.4秒とした以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
多孔質膜Aとして厚み9.5μm、空孔率40%、平均孔径0.15μm、透気抵抗度320秒/100ccAirのポリエチレン製多孔質膜を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
多孔質膜Aとして厚み7.0μm、空孔率40%、平均孔径0.15μm、透気抵抗度220秒/100ccAirのポリエチレン製多孔質膜を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
温度計、冷却管、窒素ガス導入管のついた4ツ口フラスコにトリメリット酸無水物(TMA)1モル、o-トリジンジイソシアネート(TODI)0.80モル、ジフェニルメタン-4,4′-ジイソシアネート(MDI)0.20モル、フッ化カリウム0.01モルを固形分濃度が20%となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドンと共に仕込み、100℃で5時間攪拌した後、固形分濃度が14%となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドンで希釈してポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(b)を合成した。得られたポリアミドイミド樹脂の対数粘度は1.05dl/g、ガラス転移温度は313℃であった。ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(a)をポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(b)に代えたワニス(b)(固形分濃度5.5重量%)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
温度計、冷却管、窒素ガス導入管のついた4ツ口フラスコにトリメリット酸無水物(TMA)1モル、o-トリジンジイソシアネート(TODI)0.60モル、ジフェニルメタン-4,4′-ジイソシアネート(MDI)0.40モル、フッ化カリウム0.01モルを固形分濃度が20%となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドンと共に仕込み、100℃で5時間攪拌した後、固形分濃度が14%となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドンで希釈してポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(c)を合成した。得られたポリアミドイミド樹脂の対数粘度は0.85dl/g、ガラス転移温度は308℃であった。ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(a)をポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(c)に代えたワニス(c)(固形分濃度5.5重量%)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(a)32.6質量部及び平均粒径0.5μmのアルミナ粒子10.5質量部をN-メチル-2-ピロリドン48.4質量部で希釈して、さらにエチレングリコール8.5質量部を加え、酸化ジルコニウムビーズ(東レ社製、商品名「トレセラムビーズ」、直径0.5mm)と共に、ポリプロピレン製の容器に入れ、ペイントシェーカー(東洋精機製作所製)で6時間分散させた。次いで、濾過限界5μmのフィルターで濾過し、ワニス(d)(固形分濃度30.0重量%)を調合した。ワニス(a)をワニス(d)に代えた以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
アルミナ粒子を酸化チタン粒子(チタン工業社製、商品名「KR-380」、平均粒子径0.38μm)に替えたワニス(e)(固形分濃度30.0重量%)を用いた以外は実施例12と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
多孔質膜Bの塗布量を調整し、最終厚み10.5μmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
多孔質膜Aとして厚み6.5μm、空孔率38%、平均孔径0.15μm、透気抵抗度210秒/100ccAirのポリエチレン製多孔質膜を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
低湿度ゾーンの絶対湿度を1.2g/m3とした以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
低湿度ゾーンを温度25℃、絶対湿度7.0g/m3とした以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
高湿度ゾーンを温度25℃、絶対湿度5.0g/m3とした以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
温度計、冷却管、窒素ガス導入管のついた4ツ口フラスコにトリメリット酸無水物(TMA)1モル、o-トリジンジイソシアネート(TODI)0.76モル、2,4-トリレンジイソシアネート(TDI)0.19モル、フッ化カリウム0.01モルを固形分濃度が20%となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドンと共に仕込み、100℃で5時間攪拌した後、固形分濃度が14%となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドンで希釈してポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(f)を合成した。得られたポリアミドイミド樹脂の対数粘度は0.45dl/g、ガラス転移温度は315℃であった。ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(a)をポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(f)に代えたワニス(f)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
多孔質膜A(ポリエチレン製、厚み9μm、空孔率45%、平均孔径0.15μm、透気抵抗度240秒/100ccAir)にワニス(a)をブレードコート法にて塗布し、温度25℃、絶対湿度1.8g/m3の低湿度ゾーンを8秒間、引き続き温度25℃、絶対湿度12g/m3の高湿度ゾーンを5秒間で通過させ、次いで2秒後に、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンを5重量%含有する水溶液中に進入させ、その後、純水で洗浄した後、70℃の熱風乾燥炉を通過させることで乾燥し、最終厚み11.8μmの複合多孔質膜を得た。
多孔質膜A(ポリエチレン製、厚み9μm、空孔率45%、平均孔径0.15μm、透気抵抗度240秒/100ccAir)を事前にN-メチル-2-ピロリドンに浸漬して細孔内をN-メチル-2-ピロリドンで満たして用いた以外は比較例4と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂フィルム(東洋紡績製E5101、厚さ50μm)のコロナ処理面にワニス(a)をブレードコート法にて塗布し、引き続き温度25℃、絶対湿度18.4g/m3の高湿度ゾーンを30.0秒間で通過させ、1.7秒後に多孔質膜Aとして厚み10μm、空孔率47%、平均孔径0.20μm、透気抵抗度80秒/100ccAirのポリエチレン製多孔膜を重ねた以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
高湿度ゾーンの絶対湿度25.5g/m3とした以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
多孔質膜Bの塗布量を調整し、最終厚み14.0μmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして複合多孔質膜を得た。
Claims (9)
- ポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる多孔質膜Aに耐熱性樹脂を含む多孔質膜Bが積層された複合多孔質膜であって、多孔質膜Aが下記式(A)~(C)を満足し、複合多孔質膜が下記式(D)を満足するものにおいて、複合多孔質膜が下記式(E)及び(F)をさらに満足することを特徴とする複合多孔質膜。
多孔質膜Aの厚さ<10μm ・・・・・式(A)
0.01μm≦多孔質膜Aの平均孔径≦1.0μm
・・・・・式(B)
30%≦多孔質膜Aの空孔率≦70% ・・・・・式(C)
複合多孔質膜全体の厚さ≦13μm ・・・・・式(D)
多孔質膜Aと多孔質膜Bの界面での剥離強度≧1.0N/25mm
・・・・・式(E)
20≦Y-X≦100 ・・・・・式(F)
(Xは多孔質膜Aの透気抵抗度(秒/100ccAir)、Yは複合多孔質膜全体の透気抵抗度(秒/100ccAir)である) - 複合多孔質膜の透気抵抗度が50~600秒/100ccAirであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合多孔質膜。
- 耐熱性樹脂がポリアミドイミド樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂又はポリアミド樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の複合多孔質膜。
- 耐熱性樹脂が、0.5dl/g以上の対数粘度を有するポリアミドイミド樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の複合多孔質膜。
- 以下の工程(i)及び(ii)を含むことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の複合多孔質膜の製造方法。
工程(i):基材フィルム上に耐熱性樹脂溶液を塗布した後、絶対湿度6g/m3未満の低湿度ゾーンを通過させ、次いで、絶対湿度6g/m3以上25g/m3以下の高湿度ゾーンを通過させて基材フィルム上に耐熱性樹脂膜を形成する工程、および
工程(ii):工程(i)で形成された耐熱性樹脂膜とポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる多孔質膜Aとを貼り合わせた後、凝固浴に浸漬させて耐熱性樹脂膜を多孔質膜Bに変換させ、洗浄、乾燥し、複合多孔質膜を得る工程。 - 基材フィルムが、工程(ii)で複合多孔質膜を得た後に剥離されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の複合多孔質膜の製造方法。
- 基材フィルムが厚さ25~100μmのポリエステル系フィルム又はポリオレフィン系フィルムであることを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載の複合多孔質膜の製造方法。
- 工程(i)において低湿度ゾーンの通過時間が3秒以上20秒以下であり、高湿度ゾーンの通過時間が3秒以上10秒以下であることを特徴とする請求項5~7のいずれかに記載の複合多孔質膜の製造方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の複合多孔質膜を含むことを特徴とする電池用セパレーター。
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MYPI2012701253A MY183586A (en) | 2010-06-25 | 2010-08-26 | Composite porous membrane, method for producing composite porous membrane and battery separator using same |
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US13/805,056 US20130101889A1 (en) | 2010-06-25 | 2010-08-26 | Composite porous membrane, method for producing composite porous membrane and battery separator using same |
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2010
- 2010-08-26 US US13/805,056 patent/US20130101889A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-08-26 PL PL10853697T patent/PL2586611T3/pl unknown
- 2010-08-26 JP JP2010537061A patent/JP5648481B2/ja active Active
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Cited By (19)
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JP2012043762A (ja) * | 2010-07-21 | 2012-03-01 | Toray Ind Inc | 複合多孔質膜、複合多孔質膜の製造方法並びにそれを用いた電池用セパレーター |
JP2013046998A (ja) * | 2011-07-28 | 2013-03-07 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 積層多孔質フィルム及び非水電解液二次電池 |
US10418608B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2019-09-17 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Laminated porous film and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
US9882191B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2018-01-30 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Laminated porous film and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
JP2018006354A (ja) * | 2011-07-28 | 2018-01-11 | 住友化学株式会社 | 積層多孔質フィルム及び非水電解液二次電池 |
US9705120B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2017-07-11 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Laminated porous film and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
JP2016130027A (ja) * | 2011-07-28 | 2016-07-21 | 住友化学株式会社 | 積層多孔質フィルム及び非水電解液二次電池 |
US9293754B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2016-03-22 | Toray Battery Separator Film Co., Ltd. | Battery separator, and battery separator manufacturing method |
KR101423104B1 (ko) | 2012-02-15 | 2014-07-25 | 도레이 배터리 세퍼레이터 필름 주식회사 | 전지용 세퍼레이터, 및 전지용 세퍼레이터의 제조 방법 |
CN104106155A (zh) * | 2012-02-15 | 2014-10-15 | 东丽电池隔膜株式会社 | 电池用隔膜及电池用隔膜的制备方法 |
US9023506B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2015-05-05 | Toray Battery Separator Film Co., Ltd. | Battery separator, and battery separator manufacturing method |
CN103797614A (zh) * | 2012-02-15 | 2014-05-14 | 东丽电池隔膜株式会社 | 电池用隔膜及电池用隔膜的制备方法 |
JP2014003038A (ja) * | 2012-02-15 | 2014-01-09 | Toray Battery Separator Film Co Ltd | 電池用セパレータ、および、電池用セパレータの製造方法 |
JP2013239458A (ja) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-11-28 | Toray Battery Separator Film Co Ltd | 電池用セパレータ、および、電池用セパレータの製造方法 |
WO2013121971A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-22 | 東レバッテリーセパレータフィルム株式会社 | 電池用セパレータ、および、電池用セパレータの製造方法 |
WO2013122010A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-22 | 東レバッテリーセパレータフィルム株式会社 | 電池用セパレータ、および、電池用セパレータの製造方法 |
JP2013186958A (ja) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-19 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | 金属イオン二次電池用セパレータの製造方法及び金属イオン二次電池用セパレータ |
WO2014126079A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-21 | 東レバッテリーセパレータフィルム株式会社 | 電池用セパレータ及びその電池用セパレータの製造方法 |
JP2018056121A (ja) * | 2016-09-23 | 2018-04-05 | ユニチカ株式会社 | 蓄電素子セパレータ用積層体および蓄電素子用セパレータの製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2586611A4 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
CN102958694B (zh) | 2015-09-30 |
US9614212B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 |
EP2586611B1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
KR101895628B1 (ko) | 2018-09-05 |
CN102958694A (zh) | 2013-03-06 |
HUE042737T2 (hu) | 2019-07-29 |
EP2586611A1 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
JPWO2011161837A1 (ja) | 2013-08-19 |
PL2586611T3 (pl) | 2019-03-29 |
MY183586A (en) | 2021-02-27 |
JP5648481B2 (ja) | 2015-01-07 |
US20150122400A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
US20130101889A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
KR20130113939A (ko) | 2013-10-16 |
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