WO2011158592A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011158592A1 WO2011158592A1 PCT/JP2011/061394 JP2011061394W WO2011158592A1 WO 2011158592 A1 WO2011158592 A1 WO 2011158592A1 JP 2011061394 W JP2011061394 W JP 2011061394W WO 2011158592 A1 WO2011158592 A1 WO 2011158592A1
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- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001245 hexylamino group Chemical group [H]N([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001872 inorganic gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[Br-] OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
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- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005186 naphthyloxy group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)O* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005447 octyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
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- GPRIERYVMZVKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-quaterphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 GPRIERYVMZVKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical class O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005400 pyridylcarbonyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC=C1)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940083082 pyrimidine derivative acting on arteriolar smooth muscle Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003967 siloles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum pentafluoride Chemical compound F[Ta](F)(F)(F)F YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclazole Chemical class CC1=CC=CC2=C1N1C=NN=C1S2 DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6574—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/31—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating aromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/316—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating aromatic structural elements in the main chain bridged by heteroatoms, e.g. N, P, Si or B
- C08G2261/3162—Arylamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/50—Physical properties
- C08G2261/51—Charge transport
- C08G2261/512—Hole transport
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1044—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing two nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms
- C09K2211/1048—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing two nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms with oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1088—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing oxygen as the only heteroatom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/16—Electron transporting layers
- H10K50/165—Electron transporting layers comprising dopants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
- H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element and a method for manufacturing the organic electroluminescence element.
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence device having high luminous efficiency, long life, excellent high-temperature storage stability, and excellent chromaticity stability, and a method for producing the same.
- an electroluminescence display (hereinafter abbreviated as ELD) is known.
- ELD electroluminescence display
- an inorganic electroluminescence element hereinafter also referred to as an inorganic EL element
- an organic electroluminescence element hereinafter also referred to as an organic EL element
- Inorganic EL elements have been used as planar light sources, but an alternating high voltage is required to drive the light emitting elements.
- an organic electroluminescence device has a structure in which a light emitting layer containing a light emitting compound is sandwiched between a cathode and an anode, and excitons (exciton) are injected by injecting electrons and holes into the light emitting layer and recombining them. ), Which emits light by using the emission of light (fluorescence / phosphorescence) when the exciton is deactivated, and can emit light at a voltage of several V to several tens of V, and further is self-emitting. Since it is a type, it has a wide viewing angle, high visibility, and is a thin-film type complete solid-state device, and thus has attracted attention from the viewpoints of space saving and portability.
- the organic electroluminescence element is also a major feature that it is a surface light source, unlike main light sources that have been put to practical use, such as light-emitting diodes and cold-cathode tubes.
- Applications that can effectively utilize this characteristic include illumination light sources and various display backlights.
- it is also suitable for use as a backlight of a liquid crystal full color display whose demand has been increasing in recent years.
- an organic electroluminescence element When an organic electroluminescence element is used as such a light source for illumination or a backlight of a display, it is used as a light source that exhibits white or a so-called light bulb color (hereinafter collectively referred to as white).
- white light emission with an organic electroluminescence device a method of obtaining a white color by mixing a plurality of light emitting materials having different emission wavelengths in one device, multicolor light emitting pixels, for example, blue, green, red There are a method of coating three colors and mixing them by emitting light simultaneously to obtain a white color, a method of obtaining a white color using a color conversion dye (for example, a combination of a blue light emitting material and a color conversion fluorescent dye), and the like.
- a color conversion dye for example, a combination of a blue light emitting material and a color conversion fluorescent dye
- a method of obtaining white light by the above-described method will be described in more detail.
- a method of obtaining white by mixing two light emitting materials having complementary colors in the element for example, a blue light emitting material and a yellow light emitting material, and blue -A method of obtaining a white color by mixing light emitting materials of three colors of green and red and the like.
- a method for obtaining a white organic electroluminescence element by doping high-efficiency phosphors of blue, green, and red as a light emitting material is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). .)
- these disclosed methods have a problem that not only a sufficient luminous efficiency cannot be obtained, but also the emission color varies greatly due to a change in current density.
- phosphorescent light-emitting materials capable of obtaining higher-brightness organic electroluminescence elements have been vigorously developed with respect to fluorescent materials (see, for example, Patent Document 4, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the light emission from the conventional fluorescent material is light emission from the excited singlet, and the generation ratio of the singlet exciton and the triplet exciton is 1: 3. Therefore, the generation probability of the luminescent excited species is 25%.
- the upper limit of internal quantum efficiency is 100% due to exciton generation ratio and internal conversion from singlet excitons to triplet excitons. Therefore, in principle, the luminous efficiency is up to four times that of a fluorescent material.
- phosphorescent materials that emit blue light are not excellent in luminous efficiency and durability, in particular, driving life, and it has been difficult to develop practical organic electroluminescent elements using blue phosphorescent materials. Was the current situation.
- organic electroluminescence devices that emit white light with a low driving voltage and high efficiency, which are used as illumination light sources or display backlights, they have excellent luminance reduction resistance and high-temperature storage stability due to continuous driving, and chromaticity fluctuations of colored light
- the present situation is that an organic electroluminescence device with a small amount of light cannot be realized.
- JP-A-6-207170 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-41759 JP 2003-249367 A JP 2005-302364 A
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and the object thereof is an organic electroluminescence device that emits white light, has high power efficiency, excellent luminance reduction resistance by continuous driving, high-temperature storage stability, and colored light. It is to provide an organic electroluminescence device with less variation in chromaticity and a method for producing the same.
- an organic electroluminescence element having an anode and a cathode on a supporting substrate and having an organic layer including at least one light emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, at least one of the organic layers has a dibenzofuran skeleton.
- the organic electroluminescent element characterized by containing the compound which has and a crown ether compound.
- organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the organic layer containing the compound having a dibenzofuran skeleton and a crown ether compound further contains an organic acid alkali metal salt.
- R 1 to R 8 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a carbazolyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, or a diazacarbazolyl group, Also good. ] 7).
- crown ether compound is at least one selected from compounds represented by the following general formula (B), general formula (C) and general formula (D)
- the organic electroluminescent element of the item is at least one selected from compounds represented by the following general formula (B), general formula (C) and general formula (D) The organic electroluminescent element of the item.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- R 1 to R 8 , R m and R m + 1 each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- m represents an odd number of 9 to 15 represented by n ⁇ 2 + 7 when n is in the range of 1 to 4.
- the hydrocarbon group is a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, —OH group, —COOH group, and —COO-alkyl ester group (wherein the alkyl moiety is linear or branched may be substituted with one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms is 1 to 10 residues), further, and R j + 1 and the adjacent R j are bonded to each other In addition, a cyclic skeleton may be formed. However, R j is the number of R 1 ⁇ R 8 is even groups (R 2, R 4, R 6, R 8) and represents the R m + 1. ]
- R 9 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent or a phenyl group which may have a substituent.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- R 10 to R 13 each represent an independent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a phenyl group which may have a substituent.
- R 10 and R 12 or R 13 , or R 11 and R 12 or R 13 may be linked with an alkylene oxide group to form a cyclic compound.
- An organic electroluminescence device manufacturing method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescence device containing an ether compound comprising 1) a step of providing one electrode on a support substrate, and 2) providing an organic layer including at least one light emitting layer. Step 3) Step of providing the other electrode on the organic layer, 4) Step of heating at 40 to 150 ° C. after providing the other electrode in this order Manufacturing method.
- an organic electroluminescence device that emits white light used as a light source for illumination or a backlight of a display has high power efficiency, excellent luminance reduction resistance by continuous driving, high-temperature storage stability, and coloring light. It was possible to provide an organic electroluminescence device with little variation in chromaticity and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present inventor has a configuration in which at least one of the organic layers constituting the organic electroluminescence element contains a compound having a dibenzofuran skeleton and a crown ether compound.
- At least one organic layer is represented by the compound represented by the general formula (A) as a compound having a dibenzofuran skeleton, and represented by the general formula (B) as a crown ether compound.
- This structure makes it possible to control charge transportability (electron transportability), suppress continuous light emission, and decrease in light emission luminance in a high temperature environment, and is composed of a plurality of dopants. The fluctuation of the emitted chromaticity could be suppressed.
- an organic layer means each layer which comprises the organic electroluminescence (henceforth organic EL) provided between the anode and the cathode.
- the organic layer include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron block layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, a hole block layer, and the like.
- this invention is not limited to these.
- At least one of the organic layers constituting the organic electroluminescence device is characterized by containing a compound having a dibenzofuran skeleton, and further, a compound having a dibenzofuran skeleton, It is preferable that it is a compound represented by the following general formula (A).
- R 1 to R 8 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a carbazolyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, or a diazacarbazolyl group, and when there are a plurality of them, they are different May be represented. Further, at least one of R 1 to R 8 in the general formula (A) is preferably a carbazolyl group or an azacarbazolyl group.
- the general formula (A) is asymmetrically substituted, and specifically, a 2,6-dibenzofurandiyl group, a 2,8-dibenzofurandiyl group and the like are preferred.
- the content of the compound having a dibenzofuran skeleton according to the present invention is preferably 20 to 99.0% by mass of the organic layer to be added, and more preferably 50 to 97.5% by mass.
- the compound having a dibenzofuran skeleton according to the present invention can be synthesized according to a conventionally known synthesis method.
- the organic EL device of the present invention is characterized in that at least one of the organic layers according to the present invention contains a crown ether compound together with the compound having the dibenzofuran skeleton.
- the crown ether compound according to the present invention is a cyclic ether + pore as defined in the definition of “crown ether” described in Iwanami Physical and Chemical Dictionary, 5th edition (published by Iwanami Shoten in 1998, edited by Saburo Nagakura et al.). It is a general term for compounds having a function of being included in the inside.
- the crown ether compound according to the present invention is a cyclic ether compound having a plurality of oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms and nitrogen atoms, or an analog thereof, and oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms and nitrogen atoms may be mixed, The total number is at least 4 or more), and the sulfur atom related to the formation of the cyclic ether compound may be a single sulfur atom or a sulfoxide or sulfone state in which the sulfur atom is oxidized.
- the nitrogen atom may be in the form of an unsubstituted or substituted amino group or an ammonium cation.
- the bond connecting oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms may be a single bond such as an ethylene chain or a multiple bond such as an ethyne chain.
- the multiple bond may be an aromatic carbocycle or aromatic heterocycle (hetero heterocycle).
- a ring may be formed as in the case of an aromatic ring.
- the hydrogen atom in the compound may be substituted with a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a (t) butyl group, and a pentyl group.
- Acyl groups for example, acetyl group, ethylcarbonyl group, propylcarbonyl group, pentylcarbonyl group, cyclohexylcarbonyl group, octylcarbonyl group, 2-ethylhexylcarbonyl group, dodecylcarbonyl group, phenylcarbonyl group, naphthylcarbonyl group, pyridylcarbonyl) Group), acyloxy group (for example, acetyloxy group, ethylcarbonyloxy group, butylcarbonyloxy group, octylcarbonyloxy group, dodecylcarbonyloxy group, Nylcarbonyloxy group, etc.), amide groups (eg, methylcarbonylamino group, ethylcarbonylamino group, dimethylcarbonylamino group, propylcarbonylamino group, pentylcarbonylamino group, cyclohe
- substituents may be further substituted with the above substituents.
- a plurality of these substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the crown ether compound according to the present invention is preferably at least one selected from compounds represented by the following general formula (B), general formula (C), and general formula (D).
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- R 1 to R 8 , R m and R m + 1 each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- m represents an odd number of 9 to 15 represented by n ⁇ 2 + 7 when n is in the range of 1 to 4.
- the hydrocarbon group is a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, —OH group, —COOH group, and —COO-alkyl ester group (wherein the alkyl moiety is linear or branched may be substituted with one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms is 1 to 10 residues), further, and R j + 1 and the adjacent R j is jointly together In addition, a cyclic skeleton may be formed. However, R j is the number of R 1 ⁇ R 8 is even groups (R 2, R 4, R 6, R 8) and represents the R m + 1.
- R 9 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group that may have a substituent, or a phenyl group that may have a substituent.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- examples of the alkyl group represented by R 9 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, (t) butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl. Groups and the like.
- examples of the substituent that the alkyl group or the phenyl group may have include a substituent even if the crown ether compound according to the present invention described above has.
- R 10 to R 13 each represent an independent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group that may have a substituent, or a phenyl group that may have a substituent.
- R 10 and R 12 or R 13 , or R 11 and R 12 or R 13 may be linked with an alkylene oxide group to form a cyclic compound.
- Examples of the alkyl group represented by R 10 to R 13 include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, (t) butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group. Group, pentadecyl group and the like.
- substituent that the alkyl group or the phenyl group may have include a substituent even if the crown ether compound according to the present invention described above has.
- crown ether compounds represented by the general formulas (B) to (D) are shown below, but the present invention is not limited to these.
- the crown ether compound according to the present invention can be synthesized according to a conventionally known synthesis method.
- the content of the crown ether compound according to the present invention is preferably 0.001 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.005 to 2.5% by mass of the organic layer to be added.
- the organic layer containing the compound having a dibenzofuran skeleton and the crown ether compound according to the present invention preferably has an electron transporting property, and further, the organic layer is preferably an electron transporting layer.
- the organic layer containing the compound having a dibenzofuran skeleton and the crown ether compound according to the present invention is a light emitting layer.
- the organic layer containing the above-described compound having a dibenzofuran skeleton and a crown ether compound according to the present invention preferably further contains an organic acid alkali metal salt.
- the organic acid alkali metal salt according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, caproate, enanthate, caprylate, shu Acid salt, malonate, succinate, benzoate, phthalate, isophthalate, terephthalate, salicylate, pyruvate, lactate, malate, adipate, mesylate, tosyl Acid salts and benzenesulfonates preferably formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, caproate, enanthate, caprylate, oxalate, malonate,
- Alkali metal salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids such as succinate and benzoate, more preferably formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, etc. are preferred, and the aliphatic carboxylic acid has 4 or less carbon atoms. Masui. Most preferred is acetate.
- the type of alkali metal of the organic acid alkali metal salt according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Na, K, and Cs, preferably K, Cs, and more preferably Cs.
- the organic acid alkali metal salt according to the present invention is preferably Li formic acid, formic acid K, Na formic acid, formic acid Cs, Li acetate, K acetate, Na acetate, Cs acetate, Li propionate, Na propionate, K propionate, Propionic acid Cs, oxalic acid Li, oxalic acid Na, oxalic acid K, oxalic acid Cs, malonic acid Li, malonic acid Na, malonic acid K, malonic acid Cs, succinic acid Li, succinic acid Na, succinic acid K, succinic acid Cs, benzoic acid Li, benzoic acid Na, benzoic acid K, and benzoic acid Cs, more preferably Li acetate, K acetate, Na acetate, and Cs acetate, and most preferably Cs acetate.
- the content of the organic acid alkali metal salt according to the present invention is preferably 1.5 to 35% by mass, more preferably 3 to 25% by mass, and most preferably 5 to 15% by mass with respect to the organic layer to be added. %.
- Organic layer of organic EL element >> Subsequently, the detail of the organic layer which comprises the organic EL element of this invention is demonstrated.
- the injection layer can be provided as necessary.
- the injection layer includes an electron injection layer and a hole injection layer, and may be present between the anode and the light emitting layer or the hole transport layer and between the cathode and the light emitting layer or the electron transport layer as described above.
- the injection layer referred to in the present invention is a layer provided between the electrode and the organic layer in order to lower the driving voltage and improve the light emission luminance.
- the organic EL element and its forefront of industrialization June 30, 1998, NTS
- the details are described in Chapter 2, “Electrode Materials” (pages 123 to 166) of the second edition of the “Company Issue”, and there are a hole injection layer and an electron injection layer.
- Injection materials include triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives.
- the details of the electron injection layer are described in, for example, JP-A-6-325871, JP-A-9-17574, and JP-A-10-74586, and specific examples thereof include strontium and aluminum.
- the buffer layer (injection layer) is desirably a very thin film, and potassium fluoride and sodium fluoride are preferable.
- the film thickness is about 0.1 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 100 nm, more preferably 0.5 to 10 nm, and most preferably 0.5 to 4 nm.
- hole transport layer As the hole transport material constituting the hole transport layer, the same compounds as those applied in the hole injection layer can be used, and further, porphyrin compounds, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, and styryl. It is preferable to use an amine compound, particularly an aromatic tertiary amine compound.
- aromatic tertiary amine compounds and styrylamine compounds include N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenyl-4,4′-diaminophenyl; N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′— Bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-diamine (TPD); 2,2-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) propane; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) cyclohexane; N, N, N ′, N′-tetra-p-tolyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolyl) Aminophenyl) -4-phenylcyclohexane; bis (4-dimethylamino-2-methylphenyl) phenylmethane; bis (4-di-p-tolylaminoph
- polymer materials in which these materials are introduced into polymer chains or these materials are used as polymer main chains can also be used.
- inorganic compounds such as p-type-Si and p-type-SiC can also be used as the hole injection material and the hole transport material.
- JP-A-4-297076 JP-A-2000-196140, JP-A-2001-102175, J. Pat. Appl. Phys. , 95, 5773 (2004), JP-A-11-251067, J. MoI. Huang et. al. It is also possible to use a hole transport material that has so-called p-type semiconducting properties, as described in the literature (Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), p. 139), JP 2003-519432 A. it can.
- the hole transport layer is formed by thinning the hole transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method. Can do.
- the thickness of the hole transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 200 nm.
- the hole transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- n described in the above exemplary compounds represents the degree of polymerization and represents an integer having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 50,000 to 200,000. If the weight average molecular weight is less than this range, there is a concern of mixing with other layers during film formation due to the high solubility in the solvent. Even if a film can be formed, the light emission efficiency does not increase at a low molecular weight. When the weight average molecular weight is larger than this range, problems arise due to difficulty in synthesis and purification. Since the molecular weight distribution increases and the residual amount of impurities also increases, the light emission efficiency, voltage, and life of the organic EL element deteriorate.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and in a broad sense, an electron injection layer and a hole blocking layer are also included in the electron transport layer.
- the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- an electron transport material also serving as a hole blocking material used for an electron transport layer adjacent to the light emitting layer on the cathode side is injected from the cathode.
- any material can be selected and used from among conventionally known compounds.
- fluorene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, azacarbazole And metal complexes such as derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, trizole derivatives, silole derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, 8-quinolinol derivatives, and the like.
- metal-free or metal phthalocyanine or those having terminal ends substituted with an alkyl group or a sulfonic acid group can be preferably used as the electron transporting material.
- carbazole derivatives azacarbazole derivatives, pyridine derivatives and the like are preferable in the present invention, and more preferably carbazole derivatives and compounds having a dibenzofuran skeleton according to the present invention.
- the electron transport layer can be formed by thinning the electron transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method.
- the thickness of the electron transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 200 nm.
- the electron transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- n-type electron transport layer doped with impurities examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-10-270172, JP-A-2000-196140, 2001-102175, J.A. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.
- the electron transport layer in the present invention preferably contains an organic alkali metal salt.
- organic alkali metal salt there are no particular restrictions on the type of organic substance, but formate, acetate, propionic acid, butyrate, valerate, caproate, enanthate, caprylate, oxalate, malonate, succinate Benzoate, phthalate, isophthalate, terephthalate, salicylate, pyruvate, lactate, malate, adipate, mesylate, tosylate, benzenesulfonate , Preferably formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, caprate, enanthate, caprylate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, benzoate, more preferably Is preferably an alkali metal salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid such as formate, acetate, propionate or butyrate, and the aliphatic carboxylic acid preferably has 4
- the type of alkali metal of the organic alkali metal salt is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Na, K, and Cs, preferably K, Cs, and more preferably Cs.
- the alkali metal salt of the organic substance include a combination of the organic substance and the alkali metal, preferably, formic acid Li, formic acid K, formic acid Na, formic acid Cs, acetic acid Li, acetic acid K, Na acetate, acetic acid Cs, propionic acid Li, Propionic acid Na, propionic acid K, propionic acid Cs, oxalic acid Li, oxalic acid Na, oxalic acid K, oxalic acid Cs, malonic acid Li, malonic acid Na, malonic acid K, malonic acid Cs, succinic acid Li, succinic acid Na, succinic acid K, succinic acid Cs, benzoic acid Li, benzoic acid Na, benzoic acid K, benzoic acid Cs, more preferably Li
- the content of these dope materials is preferably 1.5 to 35% by mass, more preferably 3 to 25% by mass, and most preferably 5 to 15% by mass with respect to the electron transport layer to be added.
- the light emitting layer constituting the hot water EL device of the present invention is a layer that emits light by recombination of electrons and holes injected from the electrode, the electron transport layer, or the hole transport layer, and the light emitting portion is the light emitting layer.
- the interface between the light emitting layer and the adjacent layer may be used.
- the structure of the light emitting layer according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the contained light emitting material satisfies the above requirements.
- the total thickness of the light emitting layers is preferably in the range of 1 to 100 nm, and more preferably 50 nm or less because a lower driving voltage can be obtained.
- the sum total of the film thickness of the light emitting layer as used in this invention is a film thickness also including the said intermediate
- each light emitting layer it is preferable to adjust the film thickness of each light emitting layer to a range of 1 to 50 nm.
- the film thicknesses of the blue, green and red light emitting layers There is no particular limitation on the relationship between the film thicknesses of the blue, green and red light emitting layers.
- a light emitting material or a host compound which will be described later, is formed by forming a film by a known thinning method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, an LB method, an ink jet method, or the like. it can.
- a plurality of light emitting materials may be mixed in each light emitting layer, or a phosphorescent light emitting material and a fluorescent light emitting material may be mixed and used in the same light emitting layer.
- the light emitting layer preferably contains a host compound and a light emitting material (also referred to as a light emitting dopant compound) and emits light from the light emitting material.
- a light emitting material also referred to as a light emitting dopant compound
- a compound having a phosphorescence quantum yield of phosphorescence emission at room temperature (25 ° C.) of less than 0.1 is preferable. More preferably, the phosphorescence quantum yield is less than 0.01. Moreover, it is preferable that the volume ratio in the layer is 50% or more among the compounds contained in a light emitting layer.
- known host compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the organic EL element can be made highly efficient.
- the host compound used in the present invention may be a conventionally known low molecular compound or a high molecular compound having a repeating unit, and a low molecular compound having a polymerizable group such as a vinyl group or an epoxy group (evaporation polymerizable light emitting host). )
- the known host compound a compound that has a hole transporting ability and an electron transporting ability, prevents the emission of light from being increased in wavelength, and has a high Tg (glass transition temperature) is preferable.
- the glass transition point (Tg) is a value determined by a method based on JIS-K-7121 using DSC (Differential Scanning Colorimetry).
- the host compound used in the present invention is preferably a carbazole derivative, more preferably a carbazole derivative and a compound having a dibenzofuran skeleton according to the present invention.
- a fluorescent compound or a phosphorescent light-emitting material (also referred to as a phosphorescent compound or a phosphorescent compound) can be used, but a phosphorescent light-emitting material is preferable.
- a phosphorescent material is a compound in which light emission from an excited triplet is observed. Specifically, it is a compound that emits phosphorescence at room temperature (25 ° C.), and the phosphorescence quantum yield is 0 at 25 ° C. A preferred phosphorescence quantum yield is 0.1 or more, although it is defined as 0.01 or more compounds.
- the phosphorescent quantum yield can be measured by the method described in Spectra II, page 398 (1992 version, Maruzen) of Experimental Chemistry Lecture 4 of the 4th edition.
- the phosphorescence quantum yield in a solution can be measured using various solvents.
- the phosphorescence quantum yield (0.01 or more) is achieved in any solvent. Just do it.
- phosphorescent materials There are two types of light-emitting principles of phosphorescent materials. One is the recombination of carriers on the host compound to which carriers are transported to generate an excited state of the host compound, and this energy is transferred to the phosphorescent material. Energy transfer type to obtain light emission from the phosphorescent light emitting material, and another one is that the phosphorescent light emitting material becomes a carrier trap, and carrier recombination occurs on the phosphorescent light emitting material, and light emission from the phosphorescent light emitting material is obtained. In any case, the condition is that the excited state energy of the phosphorescent material is lower than the excited state energy of the host compound.
- the phosphorescent light-emitting material can be appropriately selected from known materials used for the light-emitting layer of the organic EL element, and is preferably a complex compound containing a group 8-10 metal in the periodic table of elements. More preferably, an iridium compound, an osmium compound, a platinum compound (platinum complex compound), or a rare earth complex, and most preferably an iridium compound.
- an electrode material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
- electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) capable of forming a transparent conductive film may be used.
- these electrode materials may be formed into a thin film by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, and a desired shape pattern may be formed by a photolithography method, or when pattern accuracy is not so high (about 100 ⁇ m or more)
- a pattern may be formed through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material.
- wet film-forming methods such as a printing system and a coating system, can also be used.
- the transmittance be greater than 10%, and the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably in the range of 10 to 200 nm.
- cathode a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof as an electrode material is used.
- electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function than this for example, a magnesium / silver mixture, Magnesium / aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance as the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the light emission luminance is improved, which is convenient.
- a transparent or translucent cathode can be produced by forming the above metal on the cathode with a film thickness of 1 to 20 nm and then forming the conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode thereon.
- an organic EL element in which both the anode and the cathode are transmissive can be produced.
- the support substrate (hereinafter also referred to as a substrate, substrate, substrate, support, etc.) that can be used in the organic EL device of the present invention is not particularly limited in the type of glass, plastic, etc., and is transparent. May be opaque. When extracting light from the support substrate side, the support substrate is preferably transparent. Examples of the transparent support substrate preferably used include glass, quartz, and a transparent resin film. Since the effect of suppressing high-temperature storage stability and chromaticity variation appears greatly in a flexible substrate than a rigid substrate, a particularly preferable support substrate has flexibility that can give flexibility to an organic EL element. Resin film.
- polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), Cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate phthalate (TAC) and cellulose nitrate or derivatives thereof, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene vinyl alcohol, syndiotactic polystyrene, polycarbonate, norbornene resin, polymethylpentene, polyether ketone, polyimide , Polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone , Polyetherimide, polyetherketoneimide, polyamide, fluororesin, nylon, polymethylmethacrylate, acrylic or polyarylates, cyclone resins such as Arton (trade name, manufactured by JSR) or Appel (trade
- an inorganic film, an organic film or a hybrid film of both may be formed on the surface of the resin film.
- the film is preferably a high-barrier film having a degree of 10 ⁇ 3 cm 3 / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h ⁇ atm) or less and a water vapor permeability of 10 ⁇ 3 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less. More preferably, the degree is 10 ⁇ 5 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less.
- any material may be used as long as it has a function of suppressing entry of factors that cause deterioration of the organic EL element such as moisture and oxygen.
- silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or the like is used. Can do.
- the method for forming the barrier film is not particularly limited.
- the vacuum deposition method, sputtering method, reactive sputtering method, molecular beam epitaxy method, cluster ion beam method, ion plating method, plasma polymerization method, atmospheric pressure plasma weight A combination method, a plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a coating method, and the like can be used, but an atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization method as described in JP-A-2004-68143 is particularly preferable.
- the opaque support substrate examples include metal plates such as aluminum and stainless steel, films, opaque resin substrates, ceramic substrates, and the like.
- the external extraction efficiency of light emission at room temperature is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 5% or more.
- the external extraction quantum efficiency (%) the number of photons emitted to the outside of the organic EL element / the number of electrons sent to the organic EL element ⁇ 100.
- a sealing means applicable to the organic EL element of the present invention for example, a method of adhering a sealing member, an electrode, and a support substrate with an adhesive can be mentioned.
- the sealing member may be disposed so as to cover the display area of the organic EL element, and may be a concave plate shape or a flat plate shape. Further, transparency and electrical insulation are not particularly limited.
- Specific examples include a glass plate, a polymer plate / film, and a metal plate / film.
- the glass plate include soda-lime glass, barium / strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate glass, and quartz.
- the polymer plate include polycarbonate, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfide, and polysulfone.
- the metal plate include those made of one or more metals or alloys selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, iron, copper, aluminum, magnesium, nickel, zinc, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, silicone, germanium, and tantalum.
- a polymer film and a metal film can be preferably used because the element can be thinned.
- the polymer film has an oxygen permeability measured by a method according to JIS K 7126-1987 of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 cm 3 / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h ⁇ atm) or less, and conforms to JIS K 7129-1992.
- the water vapor permeability (25 ⁇ 0.5 ° C., relative humidity (90 ⁇ 2)% RH) measured by the above method is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less.
- sealing member For processing the sealing member into a concave shape, sandblasting, chemical etching, or the like is used.
- the adhesive include photocuring and thermosetting adhesives having reactive vinyl groups of acrylic acid oligomers and methacrylic acid oligomers, and moisture curing adhesives such as 2-cyanoacrylates. Can be mentioned. Moreover, heat
- an organic EL element may deteriorate by heat processing, what can be adhesively cured from room temperature to 80 ° C. is preferable.
- a desiccant may be dispersed in the adhesive.
- coating of the adhesive agent to a sealing part may use commercially available dispenser, and may print like screen printing.
- the electrode and the organic layer are coated on the outside of the electrode facing the support substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween, and an inorganic or organic layer is formed in contact with the support substrate to form a sealing film.
- the material for forming the film may be a material having a function of suppressing intrusion of elements that cause deterioration of elements such as moisture and oxygen.
- silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or the like may be used. it can.
- vacuum deposition sputtering, reactive sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, cluster ion beam, ion plating, plasma polymerization, atmospheric pressure plasma
- a combination method a plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a coating method, or the like can be used.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, an inert gas such as fluorinated hydrocarbon or silicon oil is used. It is preferable to inject a liquid. A vacuum is also possible. Moreover, a hygroscopic compound can also be enclosed inside.
- hygroscopic compound examples include metal oxides (for example, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide) and sulfates (for example, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt sulfate).
- metal oxides for example, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide
- sulfates for example, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt sulfate.
- metal halides eg calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, cesium fluoride, tantalum fluoride, cerium bromide, magnesium bromide, barium iodide, magnesium iodide etc.
- perchloric acids eg perchloric acid Barium, magnesium perchlorate, and the like
- anhydrous salts are preferably used in sulfates, metal halides, and perchloric acids.
- Sealing includes casing type sealing (can sealing) and close contact type sealing (solid sealing), but solid sealing is preferable from the viewpoint of thinning. Moreover, when producing a flexible organic EL element, since sealing is also required for the sealing member, solid sealing is preferable.
- thermosetting adhesive an ultraviolet curable resin, or the like
- a thermosetting adhesive such as an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, or a silicone resin, more preferably moisture resistant. It is an epoxy thermosetting adhesive resin that is excellent in water resistance and water resistance and has little shrinkage during curing.
- the water content of the sealing adhesive according to the present invention is preferably 300 ppm or less, more preferably 0.01 to 200 ppm, and most preferably 0.01 to 100 ppm.
- the moisture content referred to in the present invention may be measured by any method.
- a volumetric moisture meter Karl Fischer
- an infrared moisture meter a microwave transmission moisture meter
- a heat dry mass method GC / MS
- IR IR
- DSC Denssion Calorimeter
- TDS Temporal Scanning Calorimeter
- moisture can be measured from a pressure increase caused by evaporation of moisture, and moisture content of a film or a solid film can be measured.
- the moisture content of the sealing adhesive can be adjusted by, for example, placing it in a nitrogen atmosphere with a dew point temperature of ⁇ 80 ° C. or lower and an oxygen concentration of 0.8 ppm, and changing the time. Further, it can be dried in a vacuum state of 100 Pa or less while changing the time. Further, the sealing adhesive can be dried only with an adhesive, but can also be placed in advance on the sealing member and dried.
- the sealing member for example, a 50 ⁇ m thick PET (polyethylene terephthalate) laminated with an aluminum foil (30 ⁇ m thick) is used. Using this as a sealing member, it is uniformly applied to the aluminum surface using a dispenser, a sealing adhesive is placed in advance, the resin substrate 1 and the sealing member 5 are aligned, and both are pressure-bonded ( 0.1-3 MPa) and a temperature of 80-180 ° C. for close contact / bonding (adhesion), and close sealing (solid sealing).
- Heating or pressure bonding time varies depending on the type, amount, and area of the adhesive, but temporary bonding is performed at a pressure of 0.1 to 3 MPa, and heat curing time is in the range of 5 seconds to 10 minutes at a temperature of 80 to 180 ° C. Just choose.
- a heated pressure-bonding roll because pressure bonding (temporary bonding) and heating can be performed simultaneously, and internal voids can be eliminated simultaneously.
- a coating method such as roll coating, spin coating, screen printing, spray coating, or the like can be used using a dispenser depending on the material.
- solid sealing is a form in which there is no space between the sealing member and the organic EL element substrate and the resin is covered with a cured resin.
- the sealing member include metals such as stainless steel, aluminum and magnesium alloys, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, nylon, plastics such as polyvinyl chloride, and composites thereof, glass, and the like.
- a laminate of gas barrier layers such as aluminum, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, and silicon nitride can be used as in the case of a resin substrate.
- the gas barrier layer can be formed by sputtering, vapor deposition or the like on both surfaces or one surface of the sealing member before molding the sealing member, or may be formed on both surfaces or one surface of the sealing member after sealing by a similar method.
- the oxygen permeability is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ml / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h ⁇ atm) or less
- the water vapor permeability (25 ⁇ 0.5 ° C., relative humidity (90 ⁇ 2)% RH) is 1 ⁇ It is preferably 10 ⁇ 3 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less.
- the sealing member may be a film laminated with a metal foil such as aluminum.
- a method for laminating the polymer film on one side of the metal foil a generally used laminating machine can be used.
- the adhesive polyurethane-based, polyester-based, epoxy-based, acrylic-based adhesives and the like can be used. You may use a hardening
- a hot melt lamination method, an extrusion lamination method and a coextrusion lamination method can also be used, but a dry lamination method is preferred.
- the metal foil when the metal foil is formed by sputtering or vapor deposition and is formed from a fluid electrode material such as a conductive paste, it may be created by a method of forming a metal foil on a polymer film as a base. Good.
- a protective film or a protective plate may be provided outside the sealing film on the side facing the support substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween or on the outer side of the sealing film.
- the mechanical strength is not necessarily high, and thus it is preferable to provide such a protective film and a protective plate.
- the same glass plate, polymer plate / film, metal plate / film, etc. used for the sealing can be used, but the polymer film is light and thin. Is preferably used.
- a light extraction member between the flexible support substrate and the anode or at any location on the light emission side from the flexible support substrate.
- Examples of the light extraction member include a prism sheet, a lens sheet, and a diffusion sheet. Further, a diffraction grating or a diffusion structure introduced into an interface or any medium that causes total reflection can be used.
- an organic electroluminescence element that emits light from a substrate
- a part of the light emitted from the light emitting layer causes total reflection at the interface between the substrate and air, causing a problem of loss of light.
- prismatic or lens-like processing is applied to the surface of the substrate, or prism sheets, lens sheets, and diffusion sheets are affixed to the surface of the substrate, thereby suppressing total reflection and light extraction efficiency. To improve.
- a desired electrode material for example, a thin film made of an anode material is formed on a suitable substrate by a thin film forming method such as vapor deposition or sputtering so as to have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- An anode is produced.
- a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and an organic layer (organic compound thin film) of a hole blocking layer, which are organic EL element materials, are formed thereon.
- a vapor deposition method, a wet process for example, a spin coating method, a casting method, a die coating method, a blade coating method, a roll coating method, an ink jet method, a printing method, a spray coating method, a curtain coating method.
- LB method Liuir Brodgett method, etc.
- the hole injection layer is preferably formed using a wet process.
- a wet process is preferable in the present invention from the viewpoint that a homogeneous film is easily obtained and pinholes are difficult to be generated.
- a spin coating method, a casting method, a die coating method, a blade coating method, Film formation by roll coating method, ink jet method, etc. is preferred Arbitrariness.
- liquid medium for dissolving or dispersing the organic EL material according to the present invention examples include ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, fatty acid esters such as ethyl acetate, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, and mesitylene.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexylbenzene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, decalin, and dodecane, and organic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) can be used.
- a dispersion method it can disperse
- a thin film made of a cathode material is formed thereon by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering so as to have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of 50 nm to 200 nm.
- the organic EL element in the range of 40 to 200 ° C. after providing the cathode, since the effect of suppressing high-temperature storage stability and chromaticity variation is remarkable.
- a resin film it is preferably 40 to 150 ° C, particularly 40 to 120 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is preferably in the range of 10 seconds to 30 minutes.
- an organic EL element is produced by adhering the contact sealing or sealing member to the electrode and the support substrate with an adhesive.
- the organic EL element of the present invention can be used as a display device, a display, and various light emission sources.
- light sources include home lighting, interior lighting, clock and liquid crystal backlights, billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources for optical storage media, light sources for electrophotographic copying machines, light sources for optical communication processors, and light sources for optical sensors.
- it can be used in a wide range of applications such as general household appliances that require a display device, but it can be used effectively as a backlight for a liquid crystal display device combined with a color filter, and as a light source for illumination. it can.
- patterning may be performed by a metal mask, an ink jet printing method, or the like during film formation, if necessary.
- patterning only the electrode may be patterned, the electrode and the light emitting layer may be patterned, or the entire layer of the element may be patterned.
- a conventionally known method is used. Can do.
- Example 1 Production of organic EL element >> [Production of Organic EL Element 101]
- a polyethylene naphthalate film (a film made by Teijin DuPont Co., Ltd., hereinafter abbreviated as PEN) is formed on the entire surface on the side where the first electrode is formed, and has an atmospheric pressure having the structure described in JP-A-2004-68143.
- an inorganic gas barrier film made of SiOx is continuously formed on a flexible film so as to have a thickness of 500 nm, an oxygen permeability of 0.001 ml / m 2 / day or less, water vapor A gas barrier flexible film having a permeability of 0.001 g / m 2 / day or less was produced.
- first electrode layer A 120 nm thick ITO (indium tin oxide) film was formed on the prepared gas barrier flexible film by sputtering and patterned by photolithography to form a first electrode layer. The pattern was such that the light emission area was 50 mm square.
- the ITO substrate after patterning was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and UV ozone cleaning was performed for 5 minutes.
- a solution obtained by diluting poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -polystyrene sulfonate (abbreviated as PEDOT / PSS in Table 1, Baytron, Baytron P Al 4083) to 70% with pure water at 3000 rpm. After 30 seconds of film formation by spin coating, the film was dried at 200 ° C. for 1 hour to provide a hole injection layer having a thickness of 30 nm.
- nitrogen gas grade G1
- a light emitting layer composition having the following composition was formed by spin coating at 1500 rpm for 30 seconds, and then held at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a light emitting layer having a thickness of 70 nm.
- a sealing member a flexible aluminum foil (manufactured by Toyo Aluminum Co., Ltd.), a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (12 ⁇ m thickness) and an adhesive for dry lamination (two-component reaction type urethane system) An adhesive (laminated with an adhesive layer thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m) was used.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- thermosetting adhesive as a sealing adhesive was uniformly applied to the aluminum surface with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m along the adhesive surface (shiny surface) of the aluminum foil using a dispenser. This was dried under a vacuum of 100 Pa or less for 12 hours. Furthermore, it moved to a nitrogen atmosphere with a dew point temperature of ⁇ 80 ° C. or lower and an oxygen concentration of 0.8 ppm, dried for 12 hours or longer, and adjusted the water content of the sealing adhesive to 100 ppm or lower.
- thermosetting adhesive an epoxy adhesive mixed with the following (A) to (C) was used.
- A Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA)
- B Dicyandiamide (DICY)
- C Epoxy adduct-based curing accelerator
- EL represents an organic EL element
- 1 is a flexible substrate
- 2 is an anode
- 3 is an organic layer including an electron transport layer containing a compound having a dibenzofuran skeleton and a crown ether compound according to the present invention
- 4 Denotes an anode
- 5 denotes a flexible sealing member
- 6 denotes a sealing adhesive.
- Each organic EL element is turned on at room temperature (about 23 to 25 ° C.) under a constant luminance condition of 1,000 cd / m 2 , and each organic EL element is measured using a spectral radiance meter CS-2000 (manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing). The light emission luminance of the EL element was measured, and the power efficiency at the light emission luminance of 1000 cd / m 2 was obtained. In Tables 1 and 2, they are displayed as relative values when the power efficiency of the organic EL element 114 is set to 1.00.
- Each organic EL element is wound around a cylinder having a radius of 5 cm, continuously driven in a state where the organic EL element is bent, and the time when the luminance measured using a spectral radiance meter CS-2000 (manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing) is reduced by half ( LT50) was determined.
- the driving condition was set to a current value of 4000 cd / m 2 at the start of continuous driving.
- a relative value was determined by setting the LT50 of the organic EL element 114 to 1.00, and this was used as a measure of continuous drive stability. The larger the value, the better the continuous drive stability.
- Luminance before and after high-temperature treatment is measured with a spectral radiance meter CS-2000 (manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing), and ⁇ luminance (%) is measured as the rate of change in luminance according to the following formula. This is a measure of high-temperature storage stability. It was. The smaller the ⁇ luminance (%), the better the high-temperature storage stability.
- ⁇ luminance (%) ⁇ (luminance before high temperature treatment ⁇ luminance after high temperature treatment) / luminance before high temperature treatment ⁇ ⁇ 100 The results obtained as described above are shown in Table 3.
- the organic EL device of the present invention having an organic layer containing a compound having a dibenzofuran skeleton and a crown ether compound has a greatly improved power efficiency and a continuous power compared to the comparative example. It is clear that the driving stability, chromaticity stability and high temperature storage stability are excellent. In addition, it can be seen that continuous drive stability, chromaticity stability, and high-temperature storage stability are further improved by adding cesium acetate as the organic acid alkali metal salt.
- Example 2 Production of organic EL element >> [Production of Organic EL Element 201]
- a glass substrate having an indium tin oxide (ITO) film on the surface was used instead of the polyethylene naphthalate film as a support substrate, and the cathode was formed at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the organic EL element 201 was produced in the same manner except that the heat treatment was performed.
- the vapor deposition surface side of the produced organic EL element 201 is covered with a glass case and sealed in a glove box in a nitrogen atmosphere (in an atmosphere of high-purity nitrogen gas having a purity of 99.999% or more) without being exposed to the air. Went.
- organic EL elements 202 to 206 are produced in the same manner except that the presence or absence of heat treatment after forming the cathode was changed to the combinations shown in Table 4.
- Table 5 shows the results obtained as described above.
- the organic EL device of the present invention having an organic layer containing a compound having a dibenzofuran skeleton and a crown ether compound was compared even in a system using a glass substrate as a support substrate.
- the power efficiency is greatly improved and the continuous driving stability, chromaticity stability and high-temperature storage stability are excellent.
- Table 3 described in Example 1 and the results described in Table 5 are compared, it can be seen that the chromaticity stability is further improved by using a film base material as the support substrate.
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Abstract
Description
7.前記一般式(A)におけるR1~R8の少なくとも1つが、カルバゾリル基またはアザカルバゾリル基であることを特徴とする前記6に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
9.支持基板上に陽極及び陰極を有し、該陽極と該陰極との間に少なくとも1層の発光層を含む有機層を有し、該有機層の少なくとも1層が、ジベンゾフラン骨格を有する化合物及びクラウンエーテル化合物を含有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を製造する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法であって、1)支持基板上に一方の電極を設ける工程、2)少なくとも1層の発光層を含む有機層を設ける工程、3)該有機層の上に他方の電極を設ける工程、4)該他方の電極を設けた後に40~150℃で加熱する工程を、この順で有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
本発明において、有機層とは、陽極と陰極との間に設けられている有機エレクトロルミネッセンス(以下、有機ELともいう)を構成する各層をいう。有機層には、例えば、正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、電子ブロック層、発光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、正孔ブロック層等が含まれる。以下、本発明に係る有機ELの好ましい具体例を示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
(ii)可撓性支持基板/陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陽極/熱伝導層/封止用接着剤/封止部材
(iii)可撓性支持基板/陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陽極/熱伝導層/封止用接着剤/封止部材
(iv)可撓性支持基板/陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陽極/熱伝導層/封止用接着剤/封止部材
(v)可撓性支持基板/陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陽極/熱伝導層/封止用接着剤/封止部材
(vi)ガラス支持体/陽極/正孔注入層/発光層/電子注入層/陰極/封止部材
(vii)ガラス支持体/陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子注入層/陰極/封止部材
(viii)ガラス支持体/陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極/封止部材。
本発明の有機EL素子においては、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を構成する有機層の少なくとも1層が、ジベンゾフラン骨格を有する化合物を含有することを特徴の1つとし、更には、ジベンゾフラン骨格を有する化合物が、下記一般式(A)で表される化合物であることが好ましい。
本発明の有機EL素子においては、本発明に係る有機層の少なくとも1層が、上記ジベンゾフラン骨格を有する化合物と共に、クラウンエーテル化合物を含有することを特徴とする。
本発明においては、上記説明した本発明に係るジベンゾフラン骨格を有する化合物とクラウンエーテル化合物とを含有する有機層が、さらに有機酸アルカリ金属塩を含有することが好ましい。
次いで、本発明の有機EL素子を構成する有機層の詳細について説明する。
本発明の有機EL素子においては、注入層は必要に応じて設けることができる。注入層としては電子注入層と正孔注入層があり、上記の如く陽極と発光層または正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層または電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。
正孔輸送層を構成する正孔輸送材料としては、上記正孔注入層で適用するのと同様の化合物を使用することができるが、さらには、ポルフィリン化合物、芳香族第3級アミン化合物及びスチリルアミン化合物、特に芳香族第3級アミン化合物を用いることが好ましい。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
本発明の湯行きEL素子を構成する発光層は、電極または電子輸送層、正孔輸送層から注入されてくる電子及び正孔が再結合して発光する層であり、発光する部分は発光層の層内であっても発光層と隣接層との界面であってもよい。
有機EL素子を構成する陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、Au等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等非晶質で透明導電膜を作製可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極は、これらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状パターンを形成してもよく、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合(100μm以上程度)は、上記電極物質の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは、有機導電性化合物のように塗布可能な物質を用いる場合には、印刷方式、コーティング方式等湿式成膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。さらに膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常は、10~1000nmの範囲であり、好ましくは10~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極としては仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム-カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えば、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極はこれらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機EL素子の陽極または陰極のいずれか一方が透明または半透明であれば発光輝度が向上し好都合である。
本発明の有機EL素子に用いることのできる支持基板(以下、基体、基板、基材、支持体等ともいう)としては、ガラス、プラスチック等の種類には特に限定はなく、また透明であっても不透明であってもよい。支持基板側から光を取り出す場合には、支持基板は透明であることが好ましい。好ましく用いられる透明な支持基板としては、ガラス、石英、透明樹脂フィルムを挙げることができる。リジットな基板よりもフレキシブルな基板において、高温保存安定性や色度変動を抑制する効果が大きく現れるため、特に好ましい支持基板は、有機EL素子にフレキシブル性を与えることが可能な可撓性を備えた樹脂フィルムである。
本発明の有機EL素子に適用可能な封止手段としては、例えば、封止部材と電極、支持基板とを接着剤で接着する方法を挙げることができる。
有機層を挟み支持基板と対向する側の封止膜、あるいは封止用フィルムの外側に、有機EL素子の機械的強度を高めるため、保護膜あるいは保護板を設けてもよい。特に、封止が封止膜により行われている場合には、その機械的強度は必ずしも高くないため、このような保護膜、保護板を設けることが好ましい。これに使用することができる材料としては、前記封止に用いたのと同様なガラス板、ポリマー板・フィルム、金属板・フィルム等を用いることができるが、軽量かつ薄膜化ということからポリマーフィルムを用いることが好ましい。
本発明の有機EL素子の製造方法の一例として、陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極からなる有機EL素子の製造方法を説明する。
本発明の有機EL素子は、表示デバイス、ディスプレイ、各種発光光源として用いることができる。発光光源として、例えば、家庭用照明、車内照明、時計や液晶用のバックライト、看板広告、信号機、光記憶媒体の光源、電子写真複写機の光源、光通信処理機の光源、光センサーの光源、さらには表示装置を必要とする一般の家庭用電気器具等広い範囲の用途が挙げられるが、特にカラーフィルターと組み合わせた液晶表示装置のバックライト、照明用光源としての用途に有効に用いることができる。
《有機EL素子の作製》
〔有機EL素子101の作製〕
(ガスバリア性の可撓性フィルムの作製)
可撓性フィルムとして、ポリエチレンナフタレートフィルム(帝人デュポン社製フィルム、以下、PENと略記する)の第1電極を形成する側の全面に、特開2004-68143号に記載の構成からなる大気圧プラズマ放電処理装置を用いて、連続して可撓性フィルム上に、SiOxからなる無機物のガスバリア膜を厚さ500nmとなるように形成し、酸素透過度0.001ml/m2/day以下、水蒸気透過度0.001g/m2/day以下のガスバリア性の可撓性フィルムを作製した。
準備したガスバリア性の可撓性フィルム上に厚さ120nmのITO(インジウムチンオキシド)をスパッタ法により成膜し、フォトリソグラフィー法によりパターニングを行い、第1電極層を形成した。なお、パターンは発光面積が50mm平方になるようなパターンとした。
パターニング後のITO基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。この基板上に、ポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)-ポリスチレンスルホネート(表1にはPEDOT/PSSと略記、Bayer製、Baytron P Al 4083)を純水で70%に希釈した溶液を3000rpm、30秒でスピンコート法により製膜した後、200℃にて1時間乾燥し、膜厚30nmの正孔注入層を設けた。
この基板を、窒素ガス(グレードG1)を用いた窒素雰囲気下に移し、前記正孔輸送材料である例示化合物(60)(Mw=80,000)をクロロベンゼンに0.5%溶解した溶液を、1500rpm、30秒でスピンコート法により製膜した後、160℃で30分間保持し、膜厚30nmの正孔輸送層とした。
次いで、下記組成の発光層組成物を1500rpm、30秒でスピンコート法により製膜した後、120℃で30分間保持し膜厚70nmの発光層を形成した。
例示化合物A-67 22.3質量部
例示化合物D-66 4.9質量部
例示化合物D-67 0.05質量部
例示化合物D-80 0.05質量部
酢酸イソプロピル 2,000質量部
(電子輸送層の形成)
続いて、30mgの一般式(A)で表される化合物である例示化合物A-77と0.3mgの一般式(B)で表される化合物である例示化合物CN-1を、4mlのテトラフルオロプロパノール(TFPO)に溶解した溶液を、1500rpm、30秒でスピンコート法により製膜した後、120℃で30分間保持し、膜厚30nmの電子輸送層とした。
続いて、基板を大気に曝露することなく真空蒸着装置へ取り付けた。また、モリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにフッ化ナトリウムおよびフッ化カリウムを入れたものを真空蒸着装置に取り付け、真空槽を4×10-5Paまで減圧した後、前記ボートに通電して加熱してフッ化ナトリウムを0.02nm/秒で前記電子輸送層上に膜厚1nmの薄膜を形成し、続けて同様にフッ化カリウムを0.02nm/秒でフッ化ナトリウム上に膜厚1.5nmの電子注入層を形成した。引き続き、アルミニウム100nmを蒸着して陰極を形成した。
引き続き、市販のロールラミネート装置を用いて封止部材を接着し、有機EL素子101を製作した。
(B)ジシアンジアミド(DICY)
(C)エポキシアダクト系硬化促進剤
以上のようにして、図1に記載の形態になるよう、封止基板を、取り出し電極がおよび電極リードの接合部を覆うようにして密着・配置して、圧着ロールを用いて厚着条件、圧着ロール温度120℃、圧力0.5MPa、装置速度0.3m/minで密着封止して、有機EL素子101を作製した。
上記有機EL素子101の作製において、発光層の形成に用いるホスト化合物の種類とクラウンエーテル化合物の種類とその添加量、電子輸送層の形成に用いる電子輸送材料の種類、クラウンエーテル化合物の種類とその添加量、及び有機酸アルカリ金属塩である酢酸Csの有無を、表1及び表2に記載の組み合わせに変更した以外は同様にして、有機EL素子102~122を作製した。
上記可撓性フィルムを用いて作製した有機EL素子101~122について、下記の各評価を行った。
各有機EL素子を室温(約23~25℃)、1,000cd/m2の定輝度条件下による点灯を行い、分光放射輝度計CS-2000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)を用いて、各有機EL素子の発光輝度を測定し、発光輝度1000cd/m2における電力効率を求めた。なお、表1、2には、有機EL素子114の電力効率を1.00とした際の相対値で表示した。
各有機EL素子を半径5cmの円柱に巻きつけ、有機EL素子を折り曲げた状態で連続駆動し、分光放射輝度計CS-2000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)を用いて測定した輝度が半減する時間(LT50)を求めた。駆動条件は、連続駆動開始時に4000cd/m2となる電流値とした。有機EL素子114のLT50を1.00とした相対値を求め、これを連続駆動安定性の尺度とした。数値が大きいほど、連続駆動安定性に優れていることを表す。
上記連続駆動安定性の評価において、連続駆動開始時(t=0)における色度と、輝度半減期であるLT50における色度を、分光放射輝度計CS-2000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)で測定し、色度差ΔExyを求め、これを色度安定性の尺度とした、ΔExyの値が小さいほど、色度安定性に優れていることを表す。
各有機EL素子を、85℃の環境下で300時間保管した。高温処理前後での輝度を、分光放射輝度計CS-2000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)で測定し、下式に従って輝度変化率としてΔ輝度(%)を測定し、これを高温保存安定性の尺度とした。Δ輝度(%)が小さいほど、高温保存安定性に優れていることを表す。
以上により得られた結果を、表3に示す。
《有機EL素子の作製》
〔有機EL素子201の作製〕
実施例1に記載の有機EL素子101の作製において、支持基板としてポリエチレンナフタレートフィルムに代えて、表面にインジウムチンオキシド(ITO)膜を有するガラス基板を用い、かつ陰極形成後に100℃で10分間の加熱処理を施した以外は同様にして、有機EL素子201を作製した。次いで、作製した有機EL素子201の蒸着面側をガラスケースで覆い、大気に接触させることなく窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス内(純度99.999%以上の高純度窒素ガスの雰囲気下)で封止を行った。
上記有機EL素子201の作製において、発光層の形成に用いるホスト化合物の種類、電子輸送層の形成に用いる電子輸送材料の種類、クラウンエーテル化合物の種類及び有機酸アルカリ金属塩である酢酸Csの有無、陰極形成後の加熱処理の有無を、表4に記載の組み合わせに変更した以外は同様にして、有機EL素子202~206を作製した。
上記作製した各有機EL素子について、実施例1に記載の方法と同様にして、電力効率、連続駆動安定性、色度安定性及び高温保存安定性の評価を行った。ただし、電力効率及び連続駆動安定性の評価においては、有機EL素子204のそれぞれの値を1.00とした相対値で表示した。
2 陽極
3 有機層
4 陰極
5 可撓性封止部材
6 封止用接着剤
EL 有機EL素子
Claims (9)
- 支持基板上に陽極及び陰極を有し、該陽極と該陰極との間に少なくとも1層の発光層を含む有機層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、該有機層の少なくとも1層が、ジベンゾフラン骨格を有する化合物及びクラウンエーテル化合物を含有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記ジベンゾフラン骨格を有する化合物及びクラウンエーテル化合物を含有する有機層が、電子輸送性を有する層であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記電子輸送性を有する有機層が、電子輸送層であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記ジベンゾフラン骨格を有する化合物及びクラウンエーテル化合物を含有する有機層が、発光層であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記ジベンゾフラン骨格を有する化合物及びクラウンエーテル化合物を含有する有機層が、さらに有機酸アルカリ金属塩を含有することを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(A)におけるR1~R8の少なくとも1つが、カルバゾリル基またはアザカルバゾリル基であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記クラウンエーテル化合物が、下記一般式(B)、一般式(C)及び一般式(D)で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
〔式中、nは0~4の整数を表す。R1~R8、Rm、Rm+1は、各々水素原子または炭素数1~10の炭化水素基を表す。mは、nが1~4の範囲でn×2+7で表される9~15の奇数を表す。また、該炭化水素基は、直鎖状又は分枝鎖状の炭素数1~10のアルコキシル基、-OH基、-COOH基及び-COO-アルキルエステル基(ただし、アルキル部分は、直鎖状又は分枝鎖状の炭素数1~10残基である)からなる群から選択される1以上の官能基で置換されていてもよく、更に、Rjと隣接するRj+1とが互いに連結して、環状骨格を形成していてもよい。ただし、Rjは、R1~R8における番号が偶数の基(R2、R4、R6、R8)及びRm+1を表す。〕
〔式中、R9は水素原子、置換基を有してもよいアルキル基または置換基を有してもよいフェニル基を表す。nは0から5の整数を表す。〕
〔式中、R10~R13は、それぞれ独立した水素原子、置換基を有してもよいアルキル基または置換基を有してもよいフェニル基を表す。また、R10とR12またはR13とが、あるいはR11とR12またはR13とが、それぞれアルキレンオキシド基で連結し、環状化合物を形成してもよい。〕 - 支持基板上に陽極及び陰極を有し、該陽極と該陰極との間に少なくとも1層の発光層を含む有機層を有し、該有機層の少なくとも1層が、ジベンゾフラン骨格を有する化合物及びクラウンエーテル化合物を含有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を製造する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法であって、1)支持基板上に一方の電極を設ける工程、2)少なくとも1層の発光層を含む有機層を設ける工程、3)該有機層の上に他方の電極を設ける工程、4)該他方の電極を設けた後に40~150℃で加熱する工程を、この順で有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
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Also Published As
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US20130087778A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
JP5621844B2 (ja) | 2014-11-12 |
US9257651B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 |
JPWO2011158592A1 (ja) | 2013-08-19 |
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