WO2011038919A1

WO2011038919A1 - Pellet press for producing pellets

Info

Publication number: WO2011038919A1
Application number: PCT/EP2010/005985
Authority: WO
Inventors: Detlef Kroll; Gernot Von Haas
Original assignee: Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg
Priority date: 2009-09-30
Filing date: 2010-09-30
Publication date: 2011-04-07
Also published as: DE102009047851A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a pellet press for producing pellets (10), preferably from biomass (1), for use as fuel in fireplaces. At least one one-piece or multi-piece die (4) comprising a plurality of bores (13) for pressing the bio mass (1), at least one roll (5) rolling on a rolling surface (19) of the die (4), and at least one drive device for the die (4) and/or the roll (5) are arranged in the pellet press (3), wherein at least one support means (9) is arranged for fixing the die (4) in the pellet press (3) in the operating position. The invention is characterized in that at least one clamping sleeve (22) is arranged for fixing and simultaneously compensating for operation-related shifts and/or manufacturing-related inaccuracies between the die (4) and the support means (9) and/or within a multi-piece die (4), wherein the clamping sleeve (22) is substantially composed of a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal slit and is arranged in two corresponding openings between the die (4) and the support means (9) and/or within a multi-piece die (4).

Description

Pelleting press for the production of pellets

The invention relates to a pelleting press for the production of pellets according to the preamble of claim 1.

The production of pellets, also known as pellets or granules, from fines or compacted and / or molten material is already known. The production of pellets, respectively wood pellets, from

preferably comminuted biomass, such as sawdust, dust or

The same is also already well known and is used in the field of renewable energies as a forward - looking technology for the

Climate protection, especially in Europe, propagated. The raw material used is usually chipboard from the woodworking industry, but it is also possible to utilize freshly felled stocks or non-recoverable types of wood or waste in the woodworking industry. For the

Market for wood pellets to supply Kieinfeuerungsanlagen in single or multi-family houses is preferably to use pollutant-free base material. Block power plants or special

High-temperature furnaces for heat generation and / or

However, electrical energy production (combined cycle power plants) can also cleanly burn small amounts of polluted material (pellets made of particleboard or MDF boards with or without a coating or a coating). The wood pellets are usually produced in so-called pelleting presses, in which the material to be pressed is pressed by moving and / or active rolling rolls, also called rollers, through holes in a die. Through the holes, the material (biomass) is formed and discharged as strands from the holes. Holes are understood to mean all openings which, preferably of substantially cylindrical design, are arranged in a die for passage and shaping of the material. The holes can also have larger inlet areas (reductions) to improve the pressing process and be hardened or have hardened sleeves in the holes.

In the area of the matrices, a distinction is made between flat and ring matrices. On ring matrices run for pressing outside or inside rollers on flat matrices roll the roller rollers circular (mill construction) or linear reversing from. The invention preferably deals with

Flat dies of the latter type, but may also be used in ring matrices. The possibilities of processing and spreading the biomass, or the post-processing (shredding of the strands, cooling, storage, transport) of the pellets need not be discussed further. Reference is made to the prior art. Due to the worldwide acknowledged global warming, the industry is forced to accelerate and cheapen the large industrial production of wood pellets. An essential consumable part of the pelleting presses is the die itself. Impressing and compacting the biomass on the walls of the bores produces high friction values and pressures which erode the die bores and increase over time. At the same time, it may happen that the supply of biomass that high density

Elements, such as stones, pieces of metal or the like reach the flat die and are pressed by the rolling rollers into the die. There are distortions of the surface of the die or frayed holes, this in turn leads to an irregular compression of the residual layer of biomass on the rolling surface of the die, because the biomass of the residual layer can not flow freely in all directions due to the disturbances of the rolling surface. It creates a wave-shaped

Residual layer, which can lead to incalculable machine-dynamic oscillations in the pelleting press. However, it may also form high-density coagulation of the biomass, which in turn further damage the rolling surface of the die and / or cause increased wear during passage through the holes.

In extreme cases, insufficient rolling surfaces lead to "beating" or "banging" rollers, which are harmful overall for the pelleting press but also in particular for the rollers and the dies. In production, however, it can not be avoided that damage or wear of the die over a certain production period occur. The preparation of a matrix itself can be done by a variety of procedural options, such as grinding / planing the entire die, build-up welding in depressions or drilling a local damage or a bore and inserting a closure or a sleeve in a hole. Matrices with wear-resistant coatings or surface hardening are well known. In the design of a die for a pelleting press has been so far proceeded that in a solid material through holes are introduced. In this case, the solid material in its height, this corresponds substantially to the orientation of the through holes, designed so that it can carry the necessary forces of one or more Kollerwalzen during the pelleting process. This usually leads to one

Die height of more than 100 mm, depending on the starting material to be compacted. In order to limit the wear, it is known to harden the die and / or insert into the holes sleeves, which have a higher quality material and / or are interchangeable

(DE 27 08 562 A1).

In all the necessary embodiments in a pelleting press it comes in particular in the field of compression to many swelling or beating force peaks in multiple vectorial direction. To make matters worse, that the prior art mostly attempts to generate a die of several materials and / or multiple parts. Usual fixing methods such as welding, screws or stiff feather key connections usually fail because of the different ones

Expansion coefficients of the different materials between the operating temperature and the ambient temperature.

The object of the invention is a pelleting press the

to provide the aforementioned type for the production of pellets, in the

different materials and / or geometries in a mono- or multi-part matrix or in a matrix-proppant combination

can be easily secured against displacement and / or rotation and preferably at the same time simplifies the assembly of the die itself and / or the assembly of the die in the pelleting press, for example on a support means.

The solution to the problem for a pelleting press is that at least one clamping sleeve is arranged for fixing and simultaneously balancing operational displacements and / or production-related inaccuracies between the die and the support means and / or within a multi-part die, wherein the clamping sleeve consists essentially of a cylindrical Pipe is composed with a longitudinal slot and in two corresponding openings between the die and the support means and / or disposed within a multi-part die.

Advantageously, it is now possible tensions between a die and a support means in a pelleting press and / or in a die itself, in particular due to production-related

Inaccuracies and / or operational shifts due to different thermal expansion coefficients in different material constellations, compensate. In particular, by the

Use of the clamping sleeves planar connecting or abutting surfaces usable and complicated geometric shapes that are engaged with each other can be dispensed with. Another advantage is that not only the die but also the clamping sleeves can be easily assembled and disassembled, while in the assembly of parts

Merging is facilitated, inaccuracies in the shape and / or the position of the corresponding openings on two different components are compensated and allow the clamping sleeves during heating of the pelleting press slight expansions and / or shifts of the individual machine elements to each other to a certain extent and possibly even reset Act.

The invention differs in the present embodiment, a one-piece or multi-part die of several different materials and a Die-supporting support means that supports the die against the forces occurring during operation and holds in position.

Critical temperature and material differences of the individual

Machine elements occur in particular at the following interfaces of the die and / or the support means in a pelleting press:

- At the interfaces of a multi-part die made of different materials, wherein the rolling surface and / or the

Through holes forming machine element usually consists of a high quality and low-wear material that rests flat on another machine element lesser quality, wherein in both machine elements corresponding through holes are arranged, in which the material to be pressed is passed.

- At the interfaces of a multi-part die of several

Die segments, which together form a rolling surface for the rollers and are usually arranged side by side

- At the interfaces of a combination of the above

Matrizenarten to each other and

- In an arrangement of the previously mentioned Matrizenarten on one or more proppants and the resulting

Interfaces in the pelleting press itself. Advantageously, it is now possible the die of several different parts, preferably of two flat

Machine elements, manufacture and connect them non-positively. If planar support means for supporting a one- or multi-part die, which may consist of one or more materials used, it is now easily possible to hang them on, for example, a support plate (as a support means) for the die and there to secure against shifting or twisting. In particular, it is advantageous that the clamping sleeves used, one could also use the term expansion sleeve or dowel pin, represent simple and inexpensive machine elements and flexibly transferring occurring shear forces. In the

The use of bolts has the problem that although they can transmit high forces when using expensive materials, but not high against continuous oscillating and swelling loads

Have stability. Furthermore, bolts tend to weld cold in holes and difficult to disassemble. In contrast, although a cold-weld the clamping sleeve is not excluded, but the disassembly is much easier. By using the proposed clamping sleeves further minor displacements between the machine elements can be optimally compensated and the clamping sleeves can act even in tight limits restoring.

In particular, the assembly of the die of several materials and / or parts is simplified, since the clamping sleeves due to their more or less pronounced flexibility to correspond more easily in the

Insert openings. By corresponding opening, the invention means an outer opening on a machine element, which after assembly substantially with an opening of another

Machine element matches. For example, two holes in a two-part die, which form a passage opening for the material to be pressed form to be regarded as corresponding openings. Preferably, however, from a production point of view

Used blind holes in which the clamping sleeves are arranged.

Any displacement or twisting forces are sufficiently dissipated and / or compensated by the arranged clamping sleeves between the die and the carrier plate / ring plate. It may even be possible slight shifts or twists.

Preferably, however, no plastic deformations of the clamping sleeves should occur.

Depending on the design, the clamping sleeve can be used with a bias in the corresponding openings to the next

Backup function also exercise a support function.

It is particularly advantageous in the present invention that in a corresponding new design of a die or a preparation of a die used is possible to retrofit the clamping sleeves. at the interface die support means would have the corresponding support means in an existing pelleting press be reworked with corresponding openings accordingly. In an extension of the task with a multi-part die in a pelleting press, the rolling of the roll at the abutting edges of the die segments can be improved and / or the pelleting press should be allowed to use different height die segments with constant quality of the rolling surface. In particular, the present invention allows the die itself as thin as possible, about 30 to 100 mm high, preferably 40 to 80 mm high, to make that easily in the pelleting press by means of

Clamping sleeves can be secured, since only small blind hole depths are necessary.

Furthermore, the invention distinguishes between a planar

Support means, such as a support plate, and the die in that the support means does not form an extension of the passage openings of the die and preferably has larger openings respectively holes or openings for the passage of the strands of the material to be pressed.

Other useful and possible embodiments are described below: To support the die, the support means may be arranged substantially at the abutting edges of the die segments and / or across the edges of the die. The latter is preferably useful for the desired narrow matrices. Preferably, however, just the abutting edges of the die segments are supported by the or the support means, so that it can not come to deflections by the heavy or even more heavy rollers. Just plastic

Deflections on a multi-part rolling surface (die) lead to a bulging of the abutting edges and falling or beating rolls at the transitions from one die segment to the next. In one

preferred embodiment, an essential feature of the breakthroughs of the support means that they are as large as possible, possibly even introduced as grooves or recesses in the support means, so that the static load capacity for the die is substantially sufficient and this undergoes no or only a harmless deflection , For a meaningful exchange and especially for a large number of die segments, it is preferred that the individual die segments are substantially identical or similar. These can be by the preferred

Use of the clamping sleeves at the abutting edges between the

Easily replace die segments and / or at the interfaces of die segments and the support means.

The die is preferably rectangular or circular, but may also be designed as a ring die. Particular preference is given here the die and / or the support means in parts or fully cured and / or made of hardened material. Incidentally, the support means can be designed in several parts. In this case, should the

Butt edges of the carrier segments substantially from the abutting edges of the die segments in their position to each other and / or in their

Differentiate embodiment.

In order to avoid the transmission of vibrations and / or heat, an insulating and / or damping intermediate layer can be provided between the die or the die segments and / or the support means

be arranged. This can particularly preferably serve to form a uniform rolling surface from different high die segments. As an intermediate layer at least a plastic, an insulation or a metal sheet would be conceivable. When using an intermediate layer, this preferably has openings for the passage of the clamping sleeves.

It is further useful in a preferred embodiment, if between the support means and the die at least one other

Guide means for fixing the position and / or the clearance of the die is arranged to the support means. Such a guide means may be a circumferential or only partially arranged side wall on at least a part of the edge of the die. Particularly preferably, the die consists essentially of a first material and the support means of a second material, wherein the support means relative to the die of a Material lower quality and / or lower hardness and / or greater thickness exist.

Further advantageous measures and embodiments of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims and the following

Description with the drawing out.

Show it:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a rectangular multipart flat die and an underlying support plate in a pelleting press with a reversing roll;

2 shows a section along a section line in Figure 1 through the multipart

Die and the backing plate,

FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a multipart circular matrix with a multipart support plate arranged underneath in a pelleting press with a revolving roller,

Figure 4 section along a section line in Figure 3 by the multipart

Die and the multipart support plate,

Figure 5 is a simplified representation of possible abutting edges of

6 shows a section through a multipart die with differently high die segments, 7 shows a simplified representation of an actively movable and einjustierbaren adjusting device for the die segments or a die in a support plate and

Figure 8 is an enlargement of a partial section of Figure 7 showing a clamping sleeve.

Figure 1 shows a plan view of a rectangular multi-part flat

Die 4, which is placed on a flat support means 9. The

Supporting means 9 is formed in the present embodiment as a support plate. On the die 4, a roller 5 rolls off and / or the die 4 is reversibly moved together with the support means 9 from left to right and back. In the drawing, a movement to the right in the unwinding direction 6 is shown. The multi-part die 4 consists according to the drawing of six die segments 7, T ... 7, which are each arranged rotated by 180 ° at the abutting edges 2 to each other. The angular arrangement of the abutting edges 2 at an angle 16 to the

Rolling line 14 of the roller 5 allows a smooth rolling on the die 4. It is irrelevant whether the die 4 is moved, or whether the roller 5 is moved and / or the roller 5 in addition to the direction of movement still has a self-propulsion for self-rotation. In the die 4 are

Bores 13 are arranged, which preferably correspond to the openings 8 of the support means 9. Of course it is possible for a bigger one Breakthrough 8 with a plurality of holes 13 corresponds, as shown in Figure 1 top left with the aid of a groove-shaped opening 8. According to FIG. 2, during production the biomass 1 is scattered on the die 4, preferably in front of each roll 5, and pressed by the rolling roll 5 into the bores 13 in the direction of the passage direction 12. On the rolling surface 19, a residual layer 11 can form after passing through the roller 5. After passing through the holes 13, strands or pellets 10 form at the exit from the holes 13 at the

Surface side 20, the further treatment or a

Further transport need.

In Figure 3, an alternative embodiment of the pelleting press 3 is shown, which now uses rotating rollers 5 and a circular die 4 of several cake-like arranged die segments 7 to 7 "" "'Here also forms a planar support means 9, again as a support plate, the Basis for a preferably thin die 4, which is formed from a plurality of die segments 7 to 7 "" "'. Also at

cake-shaped die segments 7 to 7 "" "'is the same

Embodiment the possibility for direct replacement of damaged die parts and repair during operation. Preferably, for this purpose, at least one die segment 7 to 7 'in the region of

Pelleting press 3 held and replaced if necessary after removal of a damaged die segment. Figure 4 shows again a sectional view, wherein in another

Embodiment, the support plate 9, 9 'is made of several parts and

Breakthroughs 8 for the passage of the pellets 10 in the passage 12 has.

FIG. 5 shows several exemplary possibilities for connecting die segments 7 to 7 "" "in such a way that the rolling line 14 of the roll 5 is not identical to the alignment of the abutting edges 2

Bumper edge 2 as shown in the figure on the left can be formed as an arrow edge. Thus rolls the roller 5 with its rolling line 14 does not abruptly on the abutting edge 2, but over a longer range. On the right side, a zig-zag connection is shown between several die segments 7 to 7 "'

To avoid die segments and, in particular, to obtain a guide between the die segments, as shown in FIG. 5, dotted below the rolling surface 19 are clamping sleeves 22 in FIG

Be arranged openings.

An exemplary arrangement of these clamping sleeves 22 in another view can be found in Figure 6. In this case, to form a guide means 21 at the edges 15 of a die, the surface side 20 of the die 4, for example, in a kind of "surface groove" in the support plate 9 embedded Of course, guide means 21 can also be carried out otherwise. Figure 7 particularly shows the arrangement of the clamping sleeves 22 between the die or a die segment 7 and the support means 9. At the same time the arrangement of intermediate layers 17 is shown when unequal heights of the die segments after prolonged wear and / or polishing or grinding operations occur. The difference in height to the

The intermediate layer 17 may correspond positively to the openings and / or the clamping sleeves, but should leave the holes 13 of the die 4 largely free to the passage of the Do not obstruct pellets 10.

In Figure 7 is an alternative to a guide means 21 for

Fixing the position and / or the clearance of the die 4 to the support means 9 shown. This can be at least one raised mounted or belonging to the support means 9 side wall, which is present continuously or possibly at regular intervals. The guide means 21 is cut left in the drawing and right further back standing on the support plate 9 as a plan view with reference numeral 21 'visible. Alternatively, an L-profile would also be conceivable, which overlaps the die 4 at least in the outer area.

The guide means 21 can also be designed as a side wall for limiting the filling area or the rolling surface 19 of the biomass 1. Also, a connection of the guide means 21 with the die and / or the support means 9 by means of at least one clamping sleeve 22 would be a conceivable variant.

FIG. 8 shows a magnified view in a cut plan view

Not illustrated in the figures, another embodiment for optimizing the bore pattern on the rolling surface 19 at extreme forces and / or in a large number of holes 13. For this purpose, the holes 13 in the region of Collision edge 2 of a die segments 7, 7 ', ... arranged to form a uniform bore pattern on the rolling surface 9 obliquely within the Matrizensegments 7, 7', ..., that the support plate 9 is not affected in the region of the abutting edge 2. In other words, that means that essentially one

Surface side (rolling surface 19) to the other surface side 20 extending holes 13 at the edge of a die segment with a constant bore pattern of the rolling surface 19 obliquely in the direction of

adjacent holes 13 are arranged. This increases at the abutting edges 2 of the possible support area for the support plate 9 at the bottom of the die segments. However, the oblique holes 13 are not limited to this area or this application. The enlargement of the Auflagerbereiches can also serve the

Clamping sleeves 22 and the corresponding openings, respectively the blind holes 23, to realize or make larger. Not shown is formed from a plurality of parts die 4 or a multi-part die segment 7, for example, as a rolling surface 19 has a hardened layer and as a support material for the rolling surface 19 on the surface side 20 has a different material. Again, there is the possibility to combine the two items useful with the clamping sleeves to compensate for just here, when different temperatures occur (rolling surface, bottom) movements but also to allow a small extent. It is also not shown in the drawing that a polygonal or elliptical opening can be arranged as the corresponding opening and / or the clamping sleeve 22 can be designed with an elliptical shape.

There are fundamental efforts to produce a template, preferably from a single steel. Particularly suitable for this purpose, for example, a so-called knife steel such as the X46Cr13 (1.4034), which represents a good balance between corrosion resistance, service life and brittle fracture susceptibility with a martensitic microstructure and stainless. The pelleting press 3 is particularly preferably suitable for the production of pellets 10 from biomass 1 for use in fireplaces, but can also be safely used in other areas. List of numbers 1387:

1. Biomass

2nd edge of 7

3. Pelleting press

4. Matrix

5. roller

6. Rolling direction

7. Matrix segment

8. Breakthrough

9. proppant

10. pellets

11. Remaining layer

12. Passage direction

13. Drilling

14. rolling line

15. Edges of 7

16. Angle

17th intermediate layer

18th

19. rolling surface

20. Area side

21. Guide means

22. Adapter sleeve

23 blind hole

Claims

claims

Pelleting press for the production of pellets (10), preferably from biomass (1) for use as fuel in fireplaces, wherein the biomass (1) of cellulose and / or

lignocellulose-containing fibers, shavings or chips, and wherein in the pelleting press (3) at least one single- or multi-part die (4) with a plurality of holes (13) for pressing the biomass (1), at least one on a rolling surface (19 ) of the die (4) rolling roller (5) and at least one

Drive device for the die (4) and / or the roller (5) are arranged, wherein for fixing the die (4) in the

At least one support means (9) is arranged, characterized in that for the fixation and simultaneous compensation of operational displacements and / or production-related inaccuracies between the die (4) and the support means (9) and / or within a multi-part die ( 4) at least one clamping sleeve (22) is arranged, wherein the clamping sleeve (22) consists essentially of a cylindrical tube with a longitudinal slot and in two corresponding openings between the die (4) and the support means (9) and / or within a multi-part Die (4) is arranged.

2. pelleting press according to claim 1, characterized in that as a corresponding opening two holes, in particular at least one blind hole (23) is arranged.

3. pelleting press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a polygonal or elliptical opening is arranged as a corresponding opening.

4. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that the

Clamping sleeve (22) is designed with an elliptical shape.

5. Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that as

Supporting means (9) is arranged a support plate.

6. Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that as the die (4) at least two die segments (7, 7 '...) and / or a plurality of support means (9) are arranged and / or the support means (9, 9') is made in several parts.