WO2011033586A1 - 倒立振子型車両の制御装置 - Google Patents
倒立振子型車両の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011033586A1 WO2011033586A1 PCT/JP2009/004758 JP2009004758W WO2011033586A1 WO 2011033586 A1 WO2011033586 A1 WO 2011033586A1 JP 2009004758 W JP2009004758 W JP 2009004758W WO 2011033586 A1 WO2011033586 A1 WO 2011033586A1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
- B62J1/00—Saddles or other seats for cycles; Arrangement thereof; Component parts
- B62J1/005—Saddles having a seating area with multiple separate weight bearing surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
- B62J45/00—Electrical equipment arrangements specially adapted for use as accessories on cycles, not otherwise provided for
- B62J45/40—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof
- B62J45/41—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof characterised by the type of sensor
- B62J45/415—Inclination sensors
- B62J45/4151—Inclination sensors for sensing lateral inclination of the cycle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
- B62J45/00—Electrical equipment arrangements specially adapted for use as accessories on cycles, not otherwise provided for
- B62J45/40—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof
- B62J45/41—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof characterised by the type of sensor
- B62J45/415—Inclination sensors
- B62J45/4152—Inclination sensors for sensing longitudinal inclination of the cycle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K1/00—Unicycles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K11/00—Motorcycles, engine-assisted cycles or motor scooters with one or two wheels
- B62K11/007—Automatic balancing machines with single main ground engaging wheel or coaxial wheels supporting a rider
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K15/00—Collapsible or foldable cycles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M23/00—Transmissions characterised by use of other elements; Other transmissions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control device for an inverted pendulum type vehicle that can move on a floor surface.
- a mounting unit for a transportable object that can be tilted with respect to a vertical direction is assembled to a base on which a moving operation unit that moves on a floor surface and an actuator device that drives the moving operation unit are assembled.
- the moving operation part is moved in such a manner that the fulcrum of the inverted pendulum is moved. It is a necessary vehicle.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a vehicle base on which an occupant riding part as a carrying part for an object to be transported is assembled has a sphere-like moving action part, which has two axes, a longitudinal axis and a lateral axis.
- a control technique of an inverted pendulum type vehicle provided to be tiltable around an axis is described.
- the drive torque of the motor is sequentially determined so that the deviation between the measured value and the target speed approaches “0”.
- the movement operation of the movement operation unit is controlled via the motor in accordance with the determined drive torque.
- Patent Document 1 in an inverted pendulum type vehicle in which an occupant is moved by tilting the riding section, when the occupant wants to move the vehicle without riding on the riding section, It is necessary for the occupant to grip the riding section and tilt it in the direction in which the riding section is to be moved. In this case, the occupant must keep the riding section inclined in the moving direction while moving the vehicle, and depending on the arrangement of the vehicle with respect to the occupant, There may be a case where it is difficult to tilt the boarding part in the direction in which it is too close to move.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a background, and an object thereof is to provide an inverted pendulum type vehicle control device that can easily move a vehicle in an intended direction.
- the control device for an inverted pendulum type vehicle provides: A moving operation unit movable in all directions including a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to each other on the floor surface, an actuator device for driving the moving operation unit, and the moving operation unit and the actuator device are assembled.
- An inverted pendulum comprising: the base body; and an object mounting portion assembled to the base body so as to be tiltable with respect to the vertical direction around two axes, the axis in the first direction and the axis in the second direction.
- Type vehicle control device A string-like body having one end connected to the base body or the object mounting portion and the other end held by a moving body outside the vehicle detects the tension of the string-like body acting on the base body or the object mounting portion.
- a tension detector According to the tension of the string-like body detected by the tension detection unit, a control operation amount that defines a driving force applied to the movement operation unit is determined, and the movement operation is performed according to the determined control operation amount.
- a moving operation unit control means for controlling the moving operation of the unit via the actuator device (first invention).
- the fact that the movement operation unit is “movable in all directions including the first direction and the second direction” means that the movement direction is an axial direction orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction.
- the direction of the velocity vector of the moving operation unit at each moment when viewed means that the direction of an arbitrary angular direction around the axial direction can be taken by driving the moving operation unit by the actuator device.
- the axial direction is generally a vertical direction or a direction perpendicular to the floor surface.
- “orthogonal” in the present invention is not necessarily orthogonal in the strict sense, and may be slightly deviated from orthogonal in the strict meaning without departing from the essence of the present invention.
- floor does not mean a floor in a normal sense (such as an indoor floor) but also includes an outdoor ground or road surface.
- the base is formed by the string-like body.
- the tension acting on the object mounting unit is detected via the tension detection unit. Then, the moving operation unit control means determines the control operation amount according to the detected tension of the string-like body.
- the vehicle when it is desired to move the vehicle, the vehicle can be moved by manipulating a string-like body whose one end is connected to the vehicle side, instead of tilting the base body in the direction in which it is desired to move.
- the present invention it is not necessary to maintain the base body and the like inclined in the moving direction, and the stringer is interposed between the moving body and the vehicle, so that the moving body is moved during the movement. It is possible to avoid a situation where the vehicle is too far away or too close to make it difficult to move the vehicle as desired, and the vehicle can be easily moved in the intended direction.
- the moving body includes, for example, a pedestrian and a vehicle other than the vehicle.
- the moving operation unit control means is configured to calculate the base body or the object mounting unit from the vertical component and the horizontal component of the tension of the string-like body detected by the tension detector and the The distance to the moving body is calculated, and the control operation amount is determined so that the calculated distance becomes a preset target distance (second invention).
- the tension of the string-like body detected by the tension detector can be decomposed into two vector components, ie, a horizontal component and a vertical component.
- the ratio with the direction component corresponds to the direction of tension at the connecting portion of the string-like body on the vertical plane.
- the vehicle since the direction of the tension on the vertical surface corresponds to the slackness (specific tension) of the string-like body, the vehicle (more precisely, the vehicle body or the object mounting portion) based on the tension direction.
- the distance between the other end of the string-like body and the moving body can be calculated. For example, when the middle part of the string-like body whose length is defined in advance is slack in the air, the direction of tension on the vertical surface and the distance between the vehicle and the moving body are unambiguous. It is decided.
- the distance between the vehicle connected via the string and the moving body is determined as the target distance.
- the moving operation unit control means may determine whether the base body or the object from the direction of the horizontal component of the string-like tension detected by the tension detecting unit.
- the direction of the moving body with respect to the mounting portion is calculated, and the control operation amount is determined using the calculated direction as a target direction (third invention).
- the horizontal component of the tension of the string-like body detected by the tension detector further includes two vector components on the horizontal plane (for example, an X-axis component and a Y-axis component orthogonal to each other).
- the direction of the moving body with respect to the vehicle can be calculated from the components of these two vectors.
- the vehicle By determining the control operation amount with the direction calculated in this way as the target direction, the vehicle can be moved in the tension direction of the string-like body, and the vehicle connected via the string-like body It can be easily moved in the intended direction.
- the moving operation unit control means moves the speed of the vehicle when the tension of the string-like body detected by the tension detecting unit is a predetermined value or less. It is preferable to determine the control operation amount so as to be zero (fourth invention).
- the detected value of the string-like tension is not reliable.
- the detection value in the tension detection unit includes a certain noise due to movement of the string-like body, and the magnitude of the tension of the string-like body detected in the tension detection unit is a constant value.
- the vehicle is stopped by determining the control operation amount so that the moving speed of the vehicle is zero. Can be avoided.
- the front view of the inverted pendulum type vehicle of embodiment The side view of the inverted pendulum type vehicle of embodiment.
- the flowchart which shows the process of the control unit of the inverted pendulum type vehicle of embodiment.
- the block diagram which shows the processing function of the gain adjustment part shown in FIG. The block diagram which shows the processing function of the limit process part (or limit process part shown in FIG. 12) shown in FIG.
- the inverted pendulum type vehicle 1 is omnidirectional (front-rear direction and left-right direction) on the floor surface while being grounded on the floor surface of the occupant (driver).
- a moving operation unit 5 movable in all directions including two directions
- an actuator device 7 for applying power for driving the moving operation unit 5 to the moving operation unit 5, and the riding unit 3,
- a base 9 on which the operating unit 5 and the actuator device 7 are assembled.
- front-rear direction and “left-right direction” respectively match or substantially coincide with the front-rear direction and the left-right direction of the upper body of the occupant who has boarded the riding section 3 in a standard posture.
- Means direction Note that the “standard posture” is a posture assumed by design with respect to the riding section 3, and the trunk axis of the occupant's upper body is generally directed vertically and the upper body is not twisted. It is posture.
- the “front-rear direction” and the “left-right direction” are the direction perpendicular to the paper surface and the left-right direction of the paper surface, respectively.
- FIG. It is the left-right direction of the paper surface and the direction perpendicular to the paper surface.
- the suffixes “R” and “L” attached to the reference numerals are used to mean the right side and the left side of the vehicle 1, respectively.
- the base 9 includes a lower frame 11 to which the moving operation unit 5 and the actuator device 7 are assembled, and a support frame 13 extending upward from the upper end of the lower frame 11.
- a seat frame 15 projecting forward from the support frame 13 is fixed to the top of the support frame 13.
- a seat 3 on which an occupant sits is mounted on the seat frame 15.
- this seat 3 is a passenger's boarding part. Therefore, the inverted pendulum type vehicle 1 (hereinafter, simply referred to as the vehicle 1) in the present embodiment moves on the floor surface while the occupant is seated on the seat 3.
- grips 17R and 17L are disposed for the passengers seated on the seat 3 to grip as necessary. These grips 17R and 17L are respectively provided to the support frame 13 (or the seat frame 15). It is being fixed to the front-end
- the lower frame 11 includes a pair of cover members 21R and 21L arranged to face each other in a bifurcated manner with an interval in the left-right direction.
- the upper end portions (bifurcated branch portions) of these cover members 21R and 21L are connected via a hinge shaft 23 having a longitudinal axis, and one of the cover members 21R and 21L is hinged relative to the other. It can swing around the shaft 23.
- the cover members 21R and 21L are urged by a spring (not shown) in a direction in which the lower end side (the bifurcated tip side) of the cover members 21R and 21L is narrowed.
- a step 25R for placing the right foot of the occupant seated on the seat 3 and a step 25L for placing the left foot are respectively projected so as to protrude rightward and leftward.
- the moving operation unit 5 and the actuator device 7 are disposed between the cover members 21R and 21L of the lower frame 11.
- the structures of the moving operation unit 5 and the actuator device 7 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the moving operation unit 5 is a wheel body formed in an annular shape from a rubber-like elastic material, and has a substantially circular cross-sectional shape. Due to its elastic deformation, the moving operation unit 5 (hereinafter referred to as the wheel body 5) has a circular cross section center C1 (more specifically, a circular cross section center C1 as shown by an arrow Y1 in FIGS. 5 and 6). And can be rotated around a circumferential line that is concentric with the axis of the wheel body 5.
- the wheel body 5 is disposed between the cover members 21R and 21L with its axis C2 (axis C2 orthogonal to the diameter direction of the entire wheel body 5) directed in the left-right direction. Ground to the floor at the lower end of the outer peripheral surface.
- the wheel body 5 rotates around the axis C2 of the wheel body 5 as shown by an arrow Y2 in FIG. 5 (operation to rotate on the floor surface) by driving by the actuator device 7 (details will be described later). And an operation of rotating around the cross-sectional center C1 of the wheel body 5 can be performed. As a result, the wheel body 5 can move in all directions on the floor surface by a combined operation of these rotational operations.
- the actuator device 7 includes a rotating member 27R and a free roller 29R interposed between the wheel body 5 and the right cover member 21R, and a rotating member interposed between the wheel body 5 and the left cover member 17L. 27L and a free roller 29L, an electric motor 31R as an actuator disposed above the rotating member 27R and the free roller 29R, and an electric motor 31L as an actuator disposed above the rotating member 27L and the free roller 29L. .
- the electric motors 31R and 31L have their respective housings attached to the cover members 21R and 21L. Although illustration is omitted, the power sources (capacitors) of the electric motors 31 ⁇ / b> R and 31 ⁇ / b> L are mounted at appropriate positions on the base 9 such as the support frame 13.
- the rotating member 27R is rotatably supported by the cover member 21R via a support shaft 33R having a horizontal axis.
- the rotation member 27L is rotatably supported by the cover member 21L via a support shaft 33L having a horizontal axis.
- the rotation axis of the rotation member 27R (axis of the support shaft 33R) and the rotation axis of the rotation member 27L (axis of the support shaft 33L) are coaxial.
- the rotating members 27R and 27L are connected to the output shafts of the electric motors 31R and 31L via power transmission mechanisms including functions as speed reducers, respectively, and the power (torque) transmitted from the electric motors 31R and 31L, respectively. It is rotationally driven by.
- Each power transmission mechanism is of a pulley-belt type, for example. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the rotating member 27R is connected to the output shaft of the electric motor 31R via the pulley 35R and the belt 37R. Similarly, the rotating member 27L is connected to the output shaft of the electric motor 31L via a pulley 35L and a belt 37L.
- the power transmission mechanism may be constituted by, for example, a sprocket and a link chain, or may be constituted by a plurality of gears.
- the electric motors 31R and 31L are arranged to face the rotating members 27R and 27L so that the respective output shafts are coaxial with the rotating members 27R and 27L, and the electric motors 31R and 31L are respectively arranged.
- the output shaft may be connected to each of the rotating members 27R and 27L via a speed reducer (such as a planetary gear device).
- Each rotary member 27R, 27L is formed in the same shape as a truncated cone that is reduced in diameter toward the wheel body 5, and the outer peripheral surfaces thereof are tapered outer peripheral surfaces 39R, 39L.
- a plurality of free rollers 29R are arranged around the tapered outer peripheral surface 39R of the rotating member 27R so as to be arranged at equal intervals on a circumference concentric with the rotating member 27R.
- Each of these free rollers 29R is attached to the tapered outer peripheral surface 39R via a bracket 41R and is rotatably supported by the bracket 41R.
- a plurality (the same number as the free rollers 29R) of free rollers 29L are arranged around the tapered outer peripheral surface 39L of the rotating member 27L so as to be arranged at equal intervals on a circumference concentric with the rotating member 27L. Yes.
- Each of these free rollers 29L is attached to the taper outer peripheral surface 39L via the bracket 41L, and is rotatably supported by the bracket 41L.
- the wheel body 5 is arranged coaxially with the rotating members 27R and 27L so as to be sandwiched between the free roller 29R on the rotating member 27R side and the free roller 29L on the rotating member 27L side.
- each of the free rollers 29 ⁇ / b> R and 29 ⁇ / b> L has the axis C ⁇ b> 3 inclined with respect to the axis C ⁇ b> 2 of the wheel body 5 and the diameter direction of the wheel body 5 (the wheel body 5.
- the axis C2 When viewed in the direction of the axis C2, it is arranged in a posture inclined with respect to the radial direction connecting the axis C2 and the free rollers 29R and 29L. In such a posture, the outer peripheral surfaces of the free rollers 29R and 29L are in pressure contact with the inner peripheral surface of the wheel body 5 in an oblique direction.
- the free roller 29R on the right side has a frictional force component in the direction around the axis C2 at the contact surface with the wheel body 5 when the rotating member 27R is driven to rotate around the axis C2.
- the frictional force component in the tangential direction of the inner periphery of the wheel body 5 and the frictional force component in the direction around the cross-sectional center C1 of the wheel body 5 (the tangential frictional force component in the circular cross section)
- the wheel body 5 is pressed against the inner peripheral surface in such a posture that it can act on the wheel body 5.
- the cover members 21R and 21L are urged in a direction in which the lower end side (the bifurcated tip side) of the cover members 21R and 21L is narrowed by a spring (not shown). Therefore, the wheel body 5 is sandwiched between the right free roller 29R and the left free roller 29L by this urging force, and the free rollers 29R and 29L are in pressure contact with the wheel body 5 (more specifically, free The pressure contact state in which a frictional force can act between the rollers 29R and 29L and the wheel body 5 is maintained.
- the wheel body 5 when the rotating members 27R and 27L are driven to rotate at the same speed in the same direction by the electric motors 31R and 31L, the wheel body 5 has the same direction as the rotating members 27R and 27L. Will rotate around the axis C2. Thereby, the wheel body 5 rotates on the floor surface in the front-rear direction, and the entire vehicle 1 moves in the front-rear direction. In this case, the wheel body 5 does not rotate around the center C1 of the cross section.
- the wheel body 5 rotates around the center C1 of the cross section.
- the wheel body 4 moves in the direction of the axis C2 (that is, the left-right direction), and as a result, the entire vehicle 1 moves in the left-right direction.
- the wheel body 5 does not rotate around the axis C2.
- the wheel body 5 rotates around its axis C2, It will rotate about the cross-sectional center C1.
- the wheel body 5 moves in a direction inclined with respect to the front-rear direction and the left-right direction by a combined operation (composite operation) of these rotational operations, and as a result, the entire vehicle 1 moves in the same direction as the wheel body 5.
- the moving direction of the wheel body 5 in this case changes depending on the difference in rotational speed (rotational speed vector in which the polarity is defined according to the rotational direction) including the rotational direction of the rotating members 27R and 27L. .
- the moving operation of the wheel body 5 is performed as described above, by controlling the respective rotational speeds (including the rotational direction) of the electric motors 31R and 31L, and by controlling the rotational speeds of the rotating members 27R and 27L, The moving speed and moving direction of the vehicle 1 can be controlled.
- the seat 3 and the base body 9 are tiltable around the axis C2 in the left-right direction with the axis C2 of the wheel body 5 as a fulcrum, and with the ground contact surface (lower end surface) of the wheel body 5 as a fulcrum. It can be tilted together with the wheel body 5 around an axis in the front-rear direction.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 an XYZ coordinate system is assumed in which the horizontal axis in the front-rear direction is the X axis, the horizontal axis in the left-right direction is the Y axis, and the vertical direction is the Z axis.
- the direction and the left-right direction may be referred to as the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, respectively.
- the operation of the occupant moving the upper body and thus tilting the base body 9 together with the seat 3 is one basic control operation (operation request of the vehicle 1) for the vehicle 1, and the control The moving operation of the wheel body 5 is controlled via the actuator device 7 in accordance with the operation.
- the ground contact surface of the wheel body 5 as the entire ground contact surface has an area compared to a region where the entire vehicle 1 and the passengers riding on the vehicle 1 are projected on the floor surface. It becomes a small single local region, and the floor reaction force acts only on the single local region. For this reason, in order to prevent the base body 9 from tilting, it is necessary to move the wheel body 5 so that the center of gravity of the occupant and the vehicle 1 is positioned almost directly above the ground contact surface of the wheel body 5.
- the center of gravity of the entire occupant and vehicle 1 is positioned almost directly above the center point of the wheel body 5 (center point on the axis C2) (more precisely, the center of gravity point is
- the posture of the base body 9 in a state (which is located almost directly above the ground contact surface of the wheel body 5) is set as a target posture, and basically, the actual posture of the base body 9 is converged to the target posture.
- the movement operation is controlled.
- the center of gravity of the single vehicle 1 is positioned almost directly above the center point of the wheel body 5 (center point on the axis C ⁇ b> 2).
- the actual posture of the base body 9 is converged to the target posture, and the base body 9 is not tilted.
- the movement operation of the wheel body 5 is controlled so that the vehicle 1 is independent.
- the moving speed of the vehicle 1 increases as the deviation from the target posture of the base body 9 increases.
- the moving operation of the wheel body 5 is controlled so that the movement of the vehicle 1 is stopped.
- “posture” means spatial orientation.
- the base body 9 and the sheet 3 are tilted to change the postures of the base body 9 and the sheet 3. Further, in the present embodiment, the base body 9 and the sheet 3 are integrally tilted, so that the posture of the base body 9 is converged to the target posture, which means that the posture of the sheet 3 is the target posture corresponding to the seat 3 ( This is equivalent to converging to the posture of the sheet 3 in a state where the posture of the base 9 matches the target posture of the base 9.
- the vehicle 1 in order to control the operation of the vehicle 1 as described above, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, it is constituted by an electronic circuit unit including a microcomputer and drive circuit units of the electric motors 31R and 31L.
- 55 and rotary encoders 56R and 56L as angle sensors for detecting the rotation angle and rotation angular velocity of the output shafts of the electric motors 31R and 31L, respectively, It is mounted in the right place on both 1's.
- control unit 50 and the inclination sensor 52 are attached to the column frame 13 in a state of being accommodated in the column frame 13 of the base body 9, for example.
- the load sensor 54 is built in the seat 3.
- the rotary encoders 56R and 56L are provided integrally with the electric motors 31R and 31L, respectively.
- the rotary encoders 56R and 56L may be attached to the rotating members 27R and 27L, respectively.
- the tilt sensor 52 includes an acceleration sensor and a rate sensor (angular velocity sensor) such as a gyro sensor, and outputs detection signals of these sensors to the control unit 50. Then, the control unit 50 performs a predetermined measurement calculation process (this may be a known calculation process) based on the outputs of the acceleration sensor and the rate sensor of the tilt sensor 52, and thereby the part on which the tilt sensor 52 is mounted.
- a predetermined measurement calculation process this may be a known calculation process
- the tilt angle ⁇ b to be measured (hereinafter also referred to as the base body tilt angle ⁇ b) is more specifically, the component ⁇ b_x in the Y axis direction (pitch direction) and the X axis direction (roll direction), respectively. It consists of component ⁇ b_y.
- the base body tilt angle ⁇ b also has a meaning as the tilt angle of the riding section 3.
- a variable such as a motion state quantity having a component in each direction of the X axis and the Y axis (or a direction around each axis) such as the base body inclination angle ⁇ b, or a relation to the motion state quantity.
- a suffix “_x” or “_y” is added to the reference symbol of the variable when each component is expressed separately.
- a subscript “_x” is added to the component in the X-axis direction
- a subscript “_y” is added to the component in the Y-axis direction.
- the subscript “_x” is added to the component around the Y axis for convenience in order to align the subscript with the variable related to translational motion.
- the subscript “_y” is added to the component around the X axis.
- a variable is expressed as a set of a component in the X-axis direction (or a component around the Y-axis) and a component in the Y-axis direction (or a component around the X-axis)
- the reference numeral of the variable The subscript “_xy” is added.
- the base body tilt angle ⁇ b is expressed as a set of a component ⁇ b_x around the Y axis and a component ⁇ b_y around the X axis, it is expressed as “base body tilt angle ⁇ b_xy”.
- the load sensor 54 is built in the seat 3 so as to receive a load due to the weight of the occupant when the occupant is seated on the seat 3, and outputs a detection signal corresponding to the load to the control unit 50. Then, the control unit 50 determines whether or not an occupant is on the vehicle 1 based on the measured load value indicated by the output of the load sensor 54.
- a switch type sensor that is turned on when an occupant sits on the seat 3 may be used.
- the triaxial force sensor 55 is interposed between the seat 3 and the engaging portion 4, and is used for external force acting on the engaging portion 4, that is, tension of the string-like body C connected to the engaging portion 4. A corresponding detection signal is output to the control unit 50.
- the triaxial force sensor 55 is a sensor that can detect the translational force in the triaxial direction, and is arranged so that the directions of the detection axes are the front-rear direction, the left-right direction, and the up-down direction of the vehicle 1, respectively. .
- the directions of the detection axes of the three-axis force sensor 55 are the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction, respectively.
- the three-axis force sensor 55 is arranged so as to match the above.
- the control unit 50 determines the measured value of the X-axis direction component Fx, the measured value of the Y-axis direction component Fy, and the Z-axis direction component of the tension of the string-like body C. The measured value is obtained.
- control unit 50 corresponds to the translational force indicated by the output related to the detection axis corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle 1 among the outputs of the triaxial force sensor 55 and the measured value of Fx, the longitudinal direction of the vehicle 1.
- the translational force indicated by the output related to the detection axis is obtained as a measured value of Fy
- the translational force indicated by the output related to the detection axis corresponding to the vertical direction of the vehicle 1 is obtained as a measured value of Fz.
- the triaxial force sensor 55 tilts integrally with the base 9, and in the state where the base tilt angle ⁇ b_xy does not coincide with the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj for the self-standing mode, the directions of the three detection axes of the triaxial force sensor 55 are X Deviation occurs in the axial direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction. Therefore, in order to obtain the measured values of Fx, Fy, and Fz more accurately, the tension F of the string-like body C indicated by the output of the triaxial force sensor 55 (recognized on the coordinate system fixed to the triaxial force sensor 55). Force vector) may be coordinate-converted according to the base body tilt angle measurement value ⁇ b_xy_s based on the output of the tilt sensor 52 to obtain the measurement values of Fx, Fy, and Fz.
- the rotary encoder 56R generates a pulse signal every time the output shaft of the electric motor 31R rotates by a predetermined angle, and outputs this pulse signal to the control unit 50. Then, the control unit 50 measures the rotational angle of the output shaft of the electric motor 53R based on the pulse signal, and further calculates the temporal change rate (differential value) of the measured value of the rotational angle as the rotational angular velocity of the electric motor 53R. Measure as The same applies to the rotary encoder 56L on the electric motor 31L side.
- the control unit 50 determines a speed command that is a target value of the rotational angular speed of each of the electric motors 31R and 31L by executing a predetermined calculation process using each of the measured values, and the electric motor is operated according to the speed command.
- the rotational angular velocities of the motors 31R and 31L are feedback controlled.
- the relationship between the rotational angular velocity of the output shaft of the electric motor 31R and the rotational angular velocity of the rotating member 27R is proportional to the constant reduction ratio between the output shaft and the rotating member 27R.
- the rotational angular velocity of the electric motor 31R means the rotational angular velocity of the rotating member 27R.
- the rotational angular velocity of the electric motor 31L means the rotational angular velocity of the rotating member 27L.
- control process of the control unit 50 will be described in more detail.
- the control unit 50 executes the process (main routine process) shown in the flowchart of FIG. 7 at a predetermined control process cycle.
- control unit 50 acquires the output of the tilt sensor 52.
- control unit 50 calculates the measured value ⁇ b_xy_s of the base body tilt angle ⁇ b and the measured value ⁇ bdot_xy_s of the base body tilt angular velocity ⁇ bdot based on the acquired output of the tilt sensor 52.
- control unit 50 executes the determination process in STEP 4. In this determination process, the control unit 50 determines whether or not an occupant is on the vehicle 1 depending on whether or not the load measurement value indicated by the acquired output of the load sensor 54 is larger than a predetermined value set in advance ( Whether or not an occupant is seated on the seat 3).
- control unit 50 sets the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj of the base body tilt angle ⁇ b, and constant parameters for controlling the operation of the vehicle 1 (basic values of various gains, etc.) ) Is set in STEPs 5 and 6, respectively.
- control unit 50 sets a predetermined target value for the boarding mode as the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj of the base body tilt angle ⁇ b.
- boarding mode means an operation mode of the vehicle 1 when a passenger is on the vehicle 1.
- the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj for the boarding mode is such that the overall center of gravity of the vehicle 1 and the occupant seated on the seat 3 (hereinafter referred to as the vehicle / occupant overall center of gravity) is located almost directly above the ground contact surface of the wheel body 5.
- the posture of the base body 9 in a state is set in advance so as to coincide with or substantially coincide with the measured value ⁇ b_xy_s of the base body tilt angle ⁇ b measured based on the output of the tilt sensor 52.
- control unit 50 sets a predetermined value for the boarding mode as a constant parameter value for controlling the operation of the vehicle 1.
- control unit 50 performs processing for setting the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj of the base body tilt angle ⁇ b_xy, and processing for setting constant parameter values for operation control of the vehicle 1. Are executed in STEP7 and STEP8.
- control unit 50 sets a predetermined target value for the independent mode as the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj of the inclination angle ⁇ b.
- the “self-supporting mode” means an operation mode of the vehicle 1 when no occupant is on the vehicle 1.
- the “self-supporting mode” includes “ There are two modes, “movement mode” and “stop mode” for maintaining the vehicle 1 in a stopped state.
- the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj for the self-supporting mode is such that the center of gravity point of the vehicle 1 (hereinafter referred to as the vehicle center of gravity point) is positioned almost directly above the ground contact surface of the wheel body 5 (in both the movement mode and the stop mode).
- the posture of the base 9 that is in a state to be set is set in advance so as to coincide with or substantially coincide with the measured value ⁇ b_xy_s of the base body tilt angle ⁇ b measured based on the output of the tilt sensor 52.
- the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj for the self-supporting mode is generally different from the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj for the boarding mode.
- control unit 50 sets a predetermined value for the independent mode as a constant parameter value for operation control of the vehicle 1.
- the value of the constant parameter for the independent mode is different from the value of the constant parameter for the boarding mode.
- the difference in the value of the constant parameter between the boarding mode and the independent mode is due to the difference in the height of the center of gravity, the overall mass, etc. in each mode, and the response of the operation of the vehicle 1 to the control input. This is because the characteristics are different from each other.
- the target value ⁇ b_xy_obj of the base body inclination angle ⁇ b_xy and the value of the constant parameter are set for each operation mode of the boarding mode and the self-supporting mode.
- the target value of the component ⁇ bdot_x around the Y axis and the target value of the component ⁇ bdot_y around the X axis of the base body tilt angular velocity ⁇ bdot are both “0”. For this reason, the process which sets the target value of base
- control unit 50 After executing the processing of STEPs 5 and 6 or the processing of STEPs 7 and 8 as described above, the control unit 50 next executes the vehicle control arithmetic processing in STEP 9 to thereby control the respective speed commands of the electric motors 31R and 31L. To decide. Details of this vehicle control calculation processing will be described later.
- the control unit 50 executes an operation control process for the electric motors 31R, 31L in accordance with the speed command determined in STEP 9.
- the control unit 50 determines the deviation according to the deviation between the speed command of the electric motor 31R determined in STEP 9 and the measured value of the rotational speed of the electric motor 31R measured based on the output of the rotary encoder 56R.
- the target value (target torque) of the output torque of the electric motor 31R is determined so as to converge to “0”.
- the control unit 50 controls the energization current of the electric motor 31R so that the output torque of the target torque is output to the electric motor 31R. The same applies to the operation control of the left electric motor 31L.
- the vehicle / occupant overall center-of-gravity point in the boarding mode and the vehicle single body center-of-gravity point in the independent mode are collectively referred to as a vehicle system center-of-gravity point.
- the vehicle system center-of-gravity point means the vehicle / occupant overall center-of-gravity point
- the operation mode of the vehicle 1 is the independent mode, it means the vehicle single body center-of-gravity point.
- the value determined in the current (latest) control processing cycle is the current value, and the control processing immediately before that The value determined by the cycle may be referred to as the previous value.
- a value not particularly different from the current value and the previous value means the current value.
- the forward direction is a positive direction
- the speed and acceleration in the Y-axis direction the left direction is a positive direction
- the dynamic behavior of the center of gravity of the vehicle system (specifically, the behavior seen by projecting from the Y-axis direction onto a plane (XZ plane) orthogonal thereto, and orthogonal to the X-axis direction)
- the vehicle of STEP9 is assumed that the behavior (projected and projected on the plane (YZ plane)) is approximately expressed by the behavior of the inverted pendulum model (the dynamic behavior of the inverted pendulum) as shown in FIG. Control arithmetic processing is performed.
- reference numerals without parentheses are reference numerals corresponding to the inverted pendulum model viewed from the Y-axis direction, and reference numerals with parentheses refer to the inverted pendulum model viewed from the X-axis direction. Corresponding reference sign.
- the inverted pendulum model expressing the behavior seen from the Y-axis direction has a mass point 60_x located at the center of gravity of the vehicle system and a rotation axis 62a_x parallel to the Y-axis direction.
- Wheel 62_x (hereinafter referred to as virtual wheel 62_x).
- the mass point 60_x is supported by the rotation shaft 62a_x of the virtual wheel 62_x via the linear rod 64_x, and can swing around the rotation shaft 62a_x with the rotation shaft 62a_x as a fulcrum.
- the motion of the mass point 60_x corresponds to the motion of the center of gravity of the vehicle system viewed from the Y-axis direction.
- the movement speed Vw_x (translation movement speed in the X-axis direction) of the virtual wheel 62_x is the same as the movement speed in the X-axis direction of the wheel body 5 of the vehicle 1.
- an inverted pendulum model (refer to the reference numerals in parentheses in FIG. 8) expressing the behavior seen from the X-axis direction includes a mass point 60_y located at the center of gravity of the vehicle system and a rotation axis 62a_y parallel to the X-axis direction. And virtual wheels 62_y (hereinafter referred to as virtual wheels 62_y) that can rotate on the floor surface.
- the mass point 60_y is supported by the rotation shaft 62a_y of the virtual wheel 62_y via a linear rod 64_y, and can swing around the rotation shaft 62a_y with the rotation shaft 62a_y as a fulcrum.
- the motion of the mass point 60_y corresponds to the motion of the center of gravity of the vehicle system viewed from the X-axis direction.
- the moving speed Vw_y (translational moving speed in the Y-axis direction) of the virtual wheel 62_y is set to coincide with the moving speed in the Y-axis direction of the wheel body 5 of the vehicle 1.
- the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y have predetermined radii of predetermined values Rw_x and Rw_y, respectively.
- the rotational angular velocities ⁇ w_x and ⁇ w_y of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y and the rotational angular velocities ⁇ _R and ⁇ _L of the electric motors 31R and 31L (more precisely, the rotational angular velocities ⁇ _R and ⁇ _L of the rotating members 27R and 27L), respectively.
- the relationship of the following formulas 01a and 01b is established.
- ⁇ w_x ( ⁇ _R + ⁇ _L) / 2 Equation 01a
- “C” in Expression 01b is a coefficient of a predetermined value depending on the mechanical relationship between the free rollers 29R and 29L and the wheel body 5 and slippage.
- the positive directions of ⁇ w_x, ⁇ _R, and ⁇ _L are the rotation direction of the virtual wheel 62_x when the virtual wheel 62_x rotates forward, and the positive direction of ⁇ w_y is the case when the virtual wheel 62_y rotates leftward. This is the rotation direction of the virtual wheel 62_y.
- the dynamics of the inverted pendulum model shown in FIG. 8 is expressed by the following equations 03x and 03y.
- the expression 03x is an expression expressing the dynamics of the inverted pendulum model viewed from the Y-axis direction
- the expression 03y is an expression expressing the dynamics of the inverted pendulum model viewed from the X-axis direction.
- ⁇ wdot_x is the rotational angular acceleration of the virtual wheel 62_x (first-order differential value of the rotational angular velocity ⁇ w_x)
- ⁇ _x is a coefficient that depends on the mass and height h_x of the mass 60_x
- ⁇ _x is the inertia (moment of inertia of the virtual wheel 62_x )
- Rw_x the radius
- the motions of the mass points 60_x and 60_y of the inverted pendulum are the rotational angular acceleration ⁇ wdot_x of the virtual wheel 62_x and the rotational angular acceleration ⁇ wdot_y of the virtual wheel 62_y, respectively. It is defined depending on.
- the rotational angular acceleration ⁇ wdot_x of the virtual wheel 62_x is used as an operation amount (control input) for controlling the motion of the vehicle system center of gravity point viewed from the Y-axis direction, and viewed from the X-axis direction.
- the rotational angular acceleration ⁇ wdot_y of the virtual wheel 62_y is used as an operation amount (control input) for controlling the motion of the vehicle system center of gravity.
- the control unit 50 determines that the motion of the mass point 60_x seen in the X-axis direction and the motion of the mass point 60_y seen in the Y-axis direction are Virtual wheel rotational angular acceleration commands ⁇ wdot_x_cmd and ⁇ wdot_y_cmd, which are command values (target values) of the rotational angular accelerations ⁇ wdot_x and ⁇ wdot_y as operation amounts, are determined so as to achieve a motion corresponding to a desired motion.
- control unit 50 integrates the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration commands ⁇ wdot_x_cmd and ⁇ wdot_y_cmd, and the virtual wheel rotation that is the command values (target values) of the respective rotation angular velocities ⁇ w_x and ⁇ w_y of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y.
- the angular velocity commands are determined as ⁇ w_x_cmd and ⁇ w_y_cmd.
- the target movement speed in the X-axis direction and the target movement speed in the Y-axis direction of the wheel body 5 of the vehicle 1 and the respective speeds of the electric motors 31 ⁇ / b> R and 31 ⁇ / b> L so as to realize these target movement speeds.
- the commands ⁇ _R_cmd and ⁇ L_cmd are determined.
- the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration commands ⁇ wdot_x_cmd and ⁇ wdot_y_cmd as the operation amount (control input) are obtained by adding three operation amount components as shown in equations 07x and 07y described later, respectively. It is determined.
- ⁇ wdot_x_cmd is the rotation angular acceleration of the virtual wheel 62_x moving in the X-axis direction. In order to move 5 in the X-axis direction, it functions as an operation amount that defines the driving force to be applied to the wheel body 5.
- ⁇ wdot_y_cmd is the rotational angular acceleration of the virtual wheel 62_y that moves in the Y-axis direction, as an operation amount that defines the driving force to be applied to the wheel body 5 in order to move the wheel body 5 in the Y-axis direction. It will be functional.
- the control unit 50 has the function shown in the block diagram of FIG. 9 as a function for executing the vehicle control calculation process of STEP 9 as described above.
- control unit 50 calculates the base body tilt angle deviation measured value ⁇ be_xy_s, which is a deviation between the base body tilt angle measured value ⁇ b_xy_s and the base body tilt angle target value ⁇ b_xy_obj, and the moving speed of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point.
- a center of gravity speed calculation unit 72 that calculates a center of gravity speed estimated value Vb_xy_s as an observed value of a certain center of gravity speed Vb_xy, a required center of gravity speed generation unit 74 that generates a required center of gravity speed V_xy_aim as a required value of the center of gravity speed Vb_xy, and The center of gravity for determining the control target center of gravity speed Vb_xy_mdfd as the target value of the center of gravity speed Vb_xy by adding a restriction corresponding to the allowable range of the rotational angular speed of the electric motors 31R, 31L from the estimated center of gravity speed Vb_xy_s and the required center of gravity speed V_xy_aim.
- the control unit 50 further calculates the virtual wheel rotation angular velocity command ⁇ w_xy_cmd, the attitude control calculation unit 80, and the virtual wheel rotation angular velocity command ⁇ w_xy_cmd from the speed command ⁇ _R_cmd (rotational angular velocity command value) of the right electric motor 31R. And a motor command calculation unit 82 for converting into a set with a speed command ⁇ _L_cmd (rotation angular velocity command value) of the left electric motor 31L.
- control unit 50 first executes the process of the deviation calculating unit 70 and the process of the gravity center speed calculating unit 72.
- the deviation calculation unit 70 receives the base body tilt angle measurement value ⁇ b_xy_s ( ⁇ b_x_s and ⁇ b_y_s) calculated in STEP2 and the target values ⁇ b_xy_obj ( ⁇ b_x_obj and ⁇ b_y_obj) set in STEP5 or STEP7.
- the process of the deviation calculating part 70 may be executed in the process of STEP 5 or 7.
- the center-of-gravity velocity calculation unit 72 receives the current value of the base body tilt angular velocity measurement value ⁇ bdot_xy_s ( ⁇ bdot_x_s and ⁇ bdot_y_s) calculated in STEP 2 and the previous value ⁇ w_xy_cmd_p ( ⁇ w_x_cmd_p and ⁇ w_y_cmd_p) of the virtual wheel speed command ⁇ w_xy_cmd. Input from the delay element 84.
- the center-of-gravity speed calculation unit 72 calculates the center-of-gravity speed estimated values Vb_xy_s (Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s) from these input values using a predetermined arithmetic expression based on the inverted pendulum model.
- the center-of-gravity velocity calculation unit 72 calculates Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s by the following equations 05x and 05y, respectively.
- Rw_x and Rw_y are the respective radii of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y as described above, and these values are predetermined values set in advance.
- H_x and h_y are the heights of the mass points 60_x and 60_y of the inverted pendulum model, respectively.
- the height of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point is maintained substantially constant. Therefore, predetermined values set in advance are used as the values of h_x and h_y, respectively. Supplementally, the heights h_x and h_y are included in the constant parameters whose values are set in STEP 6 or 8.
- the first term on the right side of the formula 05x is the moving speed in the X-axis direction of the virtual wheel 62_x corresponding to the previous value ⁇ w_x_cmd_p of the speed command of the virtual wheel 62_x, and this moving speed is the X-axis direction of the wheel body 5 This corresponds to the current value of the actual movement speed.
- the second term on the right side of the expression 05x is the movement speed in the X-axis direction of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point caused by the base body 9 tilting at the inclination angular velocity of ⁇ bdot_x_s around the Y axis (relative to the wheel body 5). This is equivalent to the current value of the movement speed.
- Formula 05y The same applies to Formula 05y.
- a set of measured values (current values) of the respective rotational angular velocities of the electric motors 31R and 31L measured based on the outputs of the rotary encoders 56R and 56L is converted into a set of rotational angular velocities of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y.
- the rotational angular velocities may be converted and used in place of ⁇ w_x_cmd_p and ⁇ w_y_cmd_p in equations 05x and 05y.
- the control unit 50 executes the processing of the required center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 and the processing of the gain adjustment unit 78.
- the center-of-gravity speed estimation value Vb_xy_s (Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s) calculated by the center-of-gravity speed calculation unit 72 as described above is input to the required center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 and the gain adjustment unit 78, respectively.
- the requested center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 sets the requested center-of-gravity speeds V_x_aim and V_y_aim to “0” when the operation mode of the vehicle 1 is the boarding mode.
- the required gravity center speeds V_x_aim and V_y_aim are variably determined depending on whether the vehicle 1 is in the movement mode in which the string-like body C is connected to the vehicle 1 or in the stop mode in which the vehicle 1 is stopped.
- the required center-of-gravity speed V_xy_aim (V_x_aim, V_y_aim) is determined based on the tension of the string C, and in the stop mode, both the required center-of-gravity speed V_x_aim and V_y_aim are determined to be “0”. Is done.
- the gain adjustment unit 78 determines the gain adjustment parameter Kr_xy (Kr_x and Kr_y) based on the input center-of-gravity velocity estimated value Vb_xy_s (Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s).
- the gain adjusting unit 78 inputs the input center-of-gravity velocity estimated values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s to the limit processing unit 86.
- output values Vw_x_lim1 and Vw_y_lim1 are generated by appropriately adding limits corresponding to the allowable ranges of the rotational angular velocities of the electric motors 31R and 31L to the gravity center speed estimated values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s.
- the output value Vw_x_lim1 has a meaning after limiting the moving speed Vw_x in the X-axis direction of the virtual wheel 62_x, and the output value Vw_y_lim1 has a meaning as a value after limiting the moving speed Vw_y in the Y-axis direction of the virtual wheel 62_y. .
- the processing of the limit processing unit 86 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. Note that the reference numerals in parentheses in FIG. 11 indicate processing of the limit processing unit 104 of the gravity center speed limiting unit 76 described later, and may be ignored in the description of the processing of the limit processing unit 86.
- the limit processing unit 86 first inputs the center-of-gravity velocity estimated values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s to the processing units 86a_x and 86a_y, respectively.
- the processing unit 86a_x divides Vb_x_s by the radius Rw_x of the virtual wheel 62_x to calculate the rotational angular velocity ⁇ w_x_s of the virtual wheel 62_x when it is assumed that the moving speed in the X-axis direction of the virtual wheel 62_x matches Vb_x_s. .
- the limit processing unit 86 converts the set of ⁇ w_x_s and ⁇ w_y_s into a set of the rotation angular velocity ⁇ _R_s of the electric motor 31R and the rotation angular velocity ⁇ _L_s of the electric motor 31L by the XY-RL conversion unit 86b.
- this conversion is performed by solving simultaneous equations obtained by replacing ⁇ w_x, ⁇ w_y, ⁇ _R, and ⁇ _L in the equations 01a and 01b with ⁇ w_x_s, ⁇ w_y_s, ⁇ _R_s, and ⁇ _L_s, with ⁇ _R_s and ⁇ _L_s as unknowns. Done.
- the limit processing unit 86 inputs the output values ⁇ _R_s and ⁇ _L_s of the XY-RL conversion unit 86b to the limiters 86c_R and 86c_L, respectively. At this time, if the limiter 86c_R is within the allowable range for the right motor having a predetermined upper limit value (> 0) and lower limit value ( ⁇ 0), the limiter 86c_R keeps ⁇ _R_s as it is. Output as output value ⁇ _R_lim1.
- the limiter 86c_R outputs the boundary value closer to ⁇ _R_s between the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the right motor allowable range as the output value ⁇ _R_lim1. Output as. As a result, the output value ⁇ _R_lim1 of the limiter 86c_R is limited to a value within the allowable range for the right motor.
- the limiter 86c_L keeps ⁇ _L_s as it is. Output as output value ⁇ _L_lim1. Further, when ⁇ _L_s deviates from the left motor allowable range, the limiter 86c_L outputs the boundary value closer to ⁇ _L_s between the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the left motor allowable range as the output value ⁇ _L_lim1. Output as. As a result, the output value ⁇ _L_lim1 of the limiter 86c_L is limited to a value within the left motor allowable range.
- the allowable range for the right motor is set so that the rotational angular velocity (absolute value) of the right electric motor 31R does not become too high, and in turn prevents the maximum value of torque that can be output by the electric motor 31R from decreasing. Tolerance. The same applies to the allowable range for the left motor.
- the limit processing unit 86 converts the set of output values ⁇ _R_lim1 and ⁇ _L_lim1 of the limiters 86c_R and 86c_L into sets of rotational angular velocities ⁇ w_x_lim1 and ⁇ w_y_lim1 of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y by the RL-XY conversion unit 86d. .
- This conversion is a reverse conversion process of the conversion process of the XY-RL conversion unit 86b.
- This processing is performed by solving simultaneous equations obtained by replacing ⁇ w_x, ⁇ w_y, ⁇ _R, and ⁇ _L in the equations 01a and 01b with ⁇ w_x_lim1, ⁇ w_y_lim1, ⁇ _R_lim1, and ⁇ _L_lim1 as ⁇ w_x_lim1 and ⁇ w_y_lim1.
- the limit processing unit 86 inputs the output values ⁇ w_x_lim1 and ⁇ w_y_lim1 of the RL-XY conversion unit 86d to the processing units 86e_x and 86e_y, respectively.
- the processing unit 86e_x converts ⁇ w_x_lim1 into the moving speed Vw_x_lim1 of the virtual wheel 62_x by multiplying ⁇ w_x_lim1 by the radius Rw_x of the virtual wheel 62_x.
- both or one of the rotational angular velocities ⁇ _R_s and ⁇ _L_s of the electric motors 31R and 31L deviate from the allowable range, both or one of the rotational angular velocities is forcibly limited within the allowable range.
- the limit processing unit 86 outputs a set of movement speeds Vw_x_lim1 and Vw_y_lim1 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction corresponding to the set of rotational angular velocities ⁇ _R_lim1 and ⁇ _L_lim1 of the electric motors 31R and 31L after the limitation.
- the limit processing unit 86 can make the rotation angular velocities of the electric motors 31R and 31L corresponding to the set of the output values Vw_x_lim1 and Vw_y_lim1 not to deviate from the permissible range under the necessary conditions. As long as the output values Vw_x_lim1 and Vw_y_lim1 coincide with Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s, a set of output values Vw_x_lim1 and Vw_y_lim1 is generated.
- the gain adjustment unit 78 next executes the processing of the calculation units 88_x and 88_y.
- the calculation unit 88_x receives the estimated center-of-gravity velocity value Vb_x_s in the X-axis direction and the output value Vw_x_lim1 of the limit processing unit 86. Then, the calculation unit 88_x calculates and outputs a value Vover_x obtained by subtracting Vb_x_s from Vw_x_lim1. Further, the Y-axis direction center-of-gravity velocity estimated value Vb_y_s and the output value Vw_y_lim1 of the limit processing unit 86 are input to the calculation unit 88_y.
- the computing unit 88_y calculates and outputs a value Vover_y obtained by subtracting Vb_y_s from Vw_y_lim1.
- Vw_x_lim1 and Vw_y_lim1 of the limit processing unit 86 are generated by forcibly limiting the input values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s
- the correction amount ( Vw_x_lim1-Vb_x_s) of Vw_x_lim1 from Vb_x_s
- the gain adjustment unit 78 determines the gain adjustment parameter Kr_x by sequentially passing the output value Vover_x of the calculation unit 88_x through the processing units 90_x and 92_x. Further, the gain adjustment unit 78 determines the gain adjustment parameter Kr_y by sequentially passing the output value Vover_y of the calculation unit 88_y through the processing units 90_y and 92_y.
- the gain adjustment parameters Kr_x and Kr_y are both values in the range from “0” to “1”.
- the processing unit 90_x calculates and outputs the absolute value of the input Vover_x. Further, the processing unit 92_x generates Kr_x so that the output value Kr_x monotonously increases with respect to the input value
- the saturation characteristic is a characteristic in which the change amount of the output value with respect to the increase of the input value becomes “0” or approaches “0” when the input value increases to some extent.
- the processing unit 92_x sets a value obtained by multiplying the input value
- the processing unit 92_x outputs “1” as Kr_x.
- the proportional coefficient is set so that the product of
- processing of the processing units 90_y and 92_y is the same as the processing of the above-described processing units 90_x and 92_x, respectively.
- the output values Vw_x_lim1 and Vw_y_lim1 of the limit processing unit 86 are generated by forcibly limiting the input values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s, that is, in the X axis direction and the Y axis direction of the wheel body 5 respectively. If the electric motors 31R and 31L are operated so that the moving speeds Vw_x and Vw_y coincide with the center-of-gravity speed estimated values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s, respectively, the rotational angular speed of either of the electric motors 31R and 31L deviates from the allowable range.
- the gain adjustment parameters Kr_x and Kr_y are determined according to the absolute values of the correction amounts Vover_x and Vover_y, respectively.
- Kr_x is determined to have a larger value as the absolute value of the correction amount Vx_over increases with “1” as the upper limit. The same applies to Kr_y.
- control unit 50 executes the processes of the center-of-gravity speed calculator 72 and the requested center-of-gravity speed generator 74 as described above, and then executes the process of the center-of-gravity speed limiter 76.
- the center-of-gravity speed limiter 76 includes an estimated center-of-gravity speed value Vb_xy_s (Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s) calculated by the center-of-gravity speed calculator 72, and a requested center-of-gravity speed Vb_xy_aim (Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim) determined by the required center-of-gravity speed generator 74. Is entered.
- the center-of-gravity speed limiting unit 76 uses these input values to determine the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_xy_mdfd (Vb_x_mdfd and Vb_y_mdfd) by executing the processing shown in the block diagram of FIG.
- the center-of-gravity speed limiting unit 76 first executes the processes of the steady deviation calculating units 94_x and 94_y.
- the steady-state deviation calculating unit 94_x receives the estimated center-of-gravity velocity value Vb_x_s in the X-axis direction and the previous value Vb_x_mdfd_p of the control target center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_mdfd in the X-axis direction via the delay element 96_x. .
- the steady deviation calculating unit 94_x first inputs the input Vb_x_s to the proportional / differential compensation element (PD compensation element) 94a_x.
- the proportional / differential compensation element 94_x is a compensation element whose transfer function is represented by 1 + Kd ⁇ S, and is obtained by multiplying the input Vb_x_s and its differential value (time change rate) by a predetermined coefficient Kd. Add the value and output the result of the addition.
- the steady deviation calculating unit 94_x calculates a value obtained by subtracting the input Vb_x_mdfd_p from the output value of the proportional / differential compensation element 94_x by the calculating unit 94b_x, and then outputs the output value of the calculating unit 94b_x to the phase compensation It inputs into the low-pass filter 94c_x which has a function.
- the low-pass filter 94c_x is a filter whose transfer function is represented by (1 + T2 ⁇ S) / (1 + T1 ⁇ S).
- the steady deviation calculating unit 94_x outputs the output value Vb_x_prd of the low-pass filter 94c_x.
- the steady-state deviation calculating unit 94_y receives the Y-axis centroid speed estimated value Vb_y_s and the previous value Vb_y_mdfd_p of the Y-axis control target centroid speed Vb_y_mdfd via the delay element 96_y.
- the steady deviation calculation unit 94_y sequentially executes the processing of the proportional / differential compensation element 94a_y, the calculation unit 94b_y, and the low-pass filter 94c_y, and outputs the output value Vb_y_prd of the low-pass filter 94c_y. To do.
- the output value Vb_x_prd of the steady deviation calculating unit 94_x is based on the current motion state of the vehicle system center of gravity as viewed from the Y-axis direction (in other words, the motion state of the mass point 60_x of the inverted pendulum model as viewed from the Y-axis direction). It has a meaning as a steady deviation with respect to the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_mdfd of the estimated predicted center-of-gravity speed estimated value in the X-axis direction.
- the steady deviation calculating unit 94_y output value Vb_y_prd is estimated from the current motion state of the vehicle system center of gravity as viewed from the X-axis direction (in other words, the motion state of the mass point 60_y of the inverted pendulum model as viewed from the X-axis direction).
- the convergence predicted value of the estimated center-of-gravity speed value in the future Y-axis direction has a meaning as a steady deviation with respect to the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_y_mdfd.
- the respective output values Vb_x_prd and Vb_y_prd of the steady deviation calculation units 94_x and 94_y are referred to as center-of-gravity velocity steady deviation prediction values.
- the center-of-gravity speed limiter 76 executes the processes of the steady-state deviation calculators 94_x and 94_y as described above, and then adds the requested center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_aim to the output value Vb_x_prd of the steady-state deviation calculator 94_x and the steady-state deviation calculator 94_y. Processing for adding the requested center-of-gravity velocity Vb_y_aim to the output value Vb_y_prd is executed by the calculation units 98_x and 98_y, respectively.
- the output value Vb_x_t of the calculation unit 98_x is a speed obtained by adding the required center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_aim in the X-axis direction to the center-of-gravity speed steady-state deviation predicted value Vb_x_prd in the X-axis direction.
- the output value Vb_y_t of the calculation unit 98_y is a speed obtained by adding the requested center-of-gravity speed Vb_y_aim in the Y-axis direction to the center-of-gravity speed steady-state deviation predicted value Vb_y_prd in the Y-axis direction.
- the center-of-gravity speed limiting unit 76 inputs the output values Vb_x_t and Vb_y_t of the calculation units 98_x and 98_y to the limit processing unit 100, respectively.
- the processing of the limit processing unit 100 is the same as the processing of the limit processing unit 86 of the gain adjustment unit 78 described above. In this case, only the input value and the output value of each processing unit of the limit processing unit 100 are different from the limit processing unit 86, as indicated by reference numerals in parentheses in FIG.
- the moving speeds Vw_x and Vw_y of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y respectively match the Vb_x_t and Vb_y_t, respectively, and the rotational angular velocities ⁇ w_x_t, ⁇ w_y_t is calculated by the processing units 86a_x and 86a_y, respectively.
- the set of rotational angular velocities ⁇ w_x_t and ⁇ w_y_t is converted into a set of rotational angular velocities ⁇ _R_t and ⁇ _L_t of the electric motors 31R and 31L by the XY-RL conversion unit 86b.
- rotational angular velocities ⁇ _R_t and ⁇ _L_t are limited by the limiters 86c_R and 86c_L to values within the allowable range for the right motor and values within the allowable range for the left motor, respectively. Then, the values ⁇ _R_lim2 and ⁇ _L_lim2 after the restriction processing are converted into the rotational angular velocities ⁇ w_x_lim2 and ⁇ w_y_lim2 of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y by the RL-XY conversion unit 86d.
- the moving speeds Vw_x_lim2 and Vw_y_lim2 of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y corresponding to the rotational angular velocities ⁇ w_x_lim2 and ⁇ w_y_lim2 are calculated by the processing units 86e_x and 86e_y, respectively, and the moving speeds Vw_x_lim2 and Vw_y_lim2 are output from the limit processing unit 100.
- the limit processing unit 100 has the rotational angular velocities of the electric motors 31R and 31L corresponding to the set of output values Vw_x_lim2 and Vw_y_lim2 deviate from the allowable range. It is an essential requirement that the output values Vw_x_lim2 and Vw_y_lim2 are generated so that the output values Vw_x_lim2 and Vw_y_lim2 coincide with Vb_x_t and Vb_y_t, respectively, as much as possible under the necessary conditions.
- permissible ranges for the right motor and the left motor in the limit processing unit 100 need not be the same as the permissible ranges in the limit processing unit 86, and may be set to different permissible ranges.
- the center-of-gravity speed limiting unit 76 next calculates the control target center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_mdfd and Vb_y_mdfd by executing the processing of the calculation units 102_x and 102_y, respectively.
- the calculation unit 102_x calculates a value obtained by subtracting the X-axis direction center-of-gravity velocity steady deviation predicted value Vb_x_prd from the output value Vw_x_lim2 of the limit processing unit 100 as the control target center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_mdfd.
- the calculation unit 102_y calculates a value obtained by subtracting the Y-axis direction center-of-gravity velocity steady-state deviation predicted value Vb_y_prd from the output value Vw_y_lim2 of the limit processing unit 100 as the Y-axis direction control center-of-gravity velocity Vb_y_mdfd.
- the control target center-of-gravity velocities Vb_x_mdfd and Vb_y_mdfd determined as described above are obtained when the output values V_x_lim2 and V_y_lim2 in the limit processing unit 100 are not forcibly limited, that is, in the X-axis direction of the wheel body 5. Even if the electric motors 31R and 31L are operated so that the respective movement speeds in the Y-axis direction coincide with the output value Vb_x_t of the calculation unit 98_x and the output value Vb_y_t of the calculation unit 98_y, respectively.
- the required center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim are determined as control target center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_mdfd and Vb_y_mdfd, respectively.
- the output values Vw_x_lim2 and Vw_y_lim2 of the limit processing unit 100 are generated by forcibly limiting the input values Vb_x_t and Vb_y_t, that is, the X axis direction and the Y axis direction of the wheel body 5 respectively.
- the electric motors 31R and 31L are operated so that the moving speeds coincide with the output value Vb_x_t of the calculation unit 98_x and the output value Vb_y_t of the calculation unit 98_y, the rotational angular speed of either of the electric motors 31R and 31L is allowed.
- the correction amount ( Vw_x_lim2) from the input value Vb_x_t of the output value Vw_x_lim2 of the limit processing unit 100 in the X-axis direction.
- -Vb_x_t is a value obtained by correcting the required center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim (the value obtained by adding the correction amount to Vb_x_aim) is determined as the control target center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_mdfd. It is.
- the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_mdfd is closer to “0” than the requested center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_aim or The speed is opposite to the speed Vb_x_aim.
- the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_mdfd is a speed opposite to the X-axis center of gravity speed steady deviation predicted value Vb_x_prd output by the steady deviation calculator 94_x. .
- control unit 50 executes the processes of the center-of-gravity speed calculation unit 72, the center-of-gravity speed limit unit 76, the gain adjustment unit 78, and the deviation calculation unit 70 as described above, and then performs posture control.
- the processing of the calculation unit 80 is executed.
- reference numerals without parentheses are reference numerals related to processing for determining the virtual wheel rotation angular velocity command ⁇ w_x_cmd that is a target value of the rotation angular velocity of the virtual wheel 62_x rotating in the X-axis direction.
- the reference numerals in parentheses are reference numerals related to the process of determining the virtual wheel rotation angular velocity command ⁇ w_y_cmd that is the target value of the rotation angular velocity of the virtual wheel 62_y rotating in the Y-axis direction.
- the posture control calculation unit 80 includes a base body tilt angle deviation measurement value ⁇ be_xy_s calculated by the deviation calculation unit 70, a base body tilt angular velocity measurement value ⁇ bdot_xy_s calculated in STEP2, and a center of gravity speed calculated by the center of gravity speed calculation unit 72.
- the estimated value Vb_xy_s, the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_xy_mdfd calculated by the center-of-gravity speed limiting unit 76, and the gain adjustment parameter Kr_xy calculated by the gain adjustment unit 78 are input.
- the attitude control calculation unit 80 first calculates a virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ dotw_xy_cmd by using the following values 07x and 07y using these input values.
- Formula 07y Therefore, in the present embodiment, as an operation amount (control input) for controlling the motion of the mass point 60_x of the inverted pendulum model viewed from the Y-axis direction (and hence the motion of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point viewed from the Y-axis direction).
- the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ dotw_y_cmd is determined by adding three manipulated variable components (three terms on the right side of equations 07x and 07y).
- the gain coefficients K1_x and K1_y are feedback gains related to the inclination angle of the base 9 (or the sheet 3), and the gain coefficients K2_x and K2_y are the inclination angular velocities (time of the inclination angle) of the base 9 (or the sheet 3).
- the feedback gain and gain coefficients K3_x and K3_y related to the dynamic change rate have a meaning as a feedback gain related to the moving speed of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point (a predetermined representative point of the vehicle 1).
- the gain coefficients K1_x, K2_x, K3_x related to each manipulated variable component in the expression 07x are variably set according to the gain adjustment parameter Kr_x, and the gain coefficients K1_y, K2_y, K3_y related to each manipulated variable component in the expression 07y. Is variably set according to the gain adjustment parameter Kr_y.
- the gain coefficients K1_x, K2_x, and K3_x in Expression 07x may be referred to as a first gain coefficient K1_x, a second gain coefficient K2_x, and a third gain coefficient K3_x, respectively. The same applies to the gain coefficients K1_y, K2_y, and K3_y in Expression 07y.
- Ki_a_x and Ki_b_x in the expression 09x are preliminarily set as the gain coefficient value on the minimum side (side closer to “0”) and the gain coefficient value on the maximum side (side away from “0”) of the i-th gain coefficient Ki_x, respectively. It is a set constant value. The same applies to Ki_a_y and Ki_b_y in Expression 09y.
- the weights applied to Ki_a_y and Ki_b_y are changed according to the gain adjustment parameter Kr_y. Therefore, as in the case of Ki_x, as the value of Kr_y changes between “0” and “1”, the value of the i-th gain coefficient Ki_y changes between Ki_a_y and Ki_b_y.
- the attitude control calculation unit 80 calculates the expression 07x using the first to third gain coefficients K1_x, K2_x, and K3_x determined as described above, so that the virtual wheel related to the virtual wheel 62_x that rotates in the X-axis direction. Rotational angular acceleration command ⁇ wdot_x_cmd is calculated.
- the posture control calculation unit 80 sets the manipulated variable component u1_x obtained by multiplying the base body tilt angle deviation measured value ⁇ be_x_s by the first gain coefficient K1_x and the base body tilt angular velocity measured value ⁇ bdot_x_s.
- the operation amount component u2_x obtained by multiplying the two gain coefficients K2_x is calculated by the processing units 80a and 80b, respectively.
- the operation amount u3_x is calculated by the processing unit 80c.
- the posture control calculation unit 80 calculates the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ wdot_x_cmd by adding these manipulated variable components u1_x, u2_x, u3_x in the calculation unit 80e.
- the attitude control calculation unit 80 calculates the expression 07y using the first to third gain coefficients K1_y, K2_y, and K3_y determined as described above, so that the virtual wheel 62_y that rotates in the Y-axis direction is obtained.
- the related virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ wdot_y_cmd is calculated.
- the posture control calculation unit 80 multiplies the operation amount component u1_y obtained by multiplying the base body tilt angle deviation measurement value ⁇ be_y_s by the first gain coefficient K1_y and the base body tilt angular velocity measurement value ⁇ bdot_y_s by the second gain coefficient K2_y.
- the operation amount component u2_y is calculated by the processing units 80a and 80b, respectively.
- the operation amount u3_y is calculated by the processing unit 80c.
- the attitude control calculation unit 80 calculates the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ wdot_x_cmd by adding these manipulated variable components u1_y, u2_y, u3_y in the calculation unit 80e.
- first to third terms first to third manipulated variable components u1_y, u2_y, u3_y on the right side of the expression 07y.
- the attitude control calculation unit 80 After calculating the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration commands ⁇ wdot_x_cmd and ⁇ wdot_y_cmd as described above, the attitude control calculation unit 80 then integrates the ⁇ wdot_x_cmd and ⁇ wdot_y_cmd by the integrator 80f, thereby obtaining the virtual wheel rotation speed command. Determine ⁇ w_x_cmd and ⁇ w_y_cmd.
- the wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ dotw_x_cmd may be calculated.
- the wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ dotw_y_cmd may be calculated.
- the rotational angular acceleration commands ⁇ w_x_cmd and ⁇ w_y_cmd of the virtual wheels 62_x and 62_y are used as the operation amount (control input) for controlling the behavior of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point.
- the driving torque of 62_x, 62_y or a translational force obtained by dividing this driving torque by the radii Rw_x, Rw_y of the virtual wheels 62_x, 62_y (that is, the frictional force between the virtual wheels 62_x, 62_y and the floor surface) is manipulated. It may be used as a quantity.
- control unit 50 next inputs the virtual wheel rotation speed commands ⁇ w_x_cmd and ⁇ w_y_cmd determined as described above by the attitude control calculation unit 80 to the motor command calculation unit 82, and the motor command calculation unit By executing the process 82, the speed command ⁇ _R_cmd of the electric motor 31R and the speed command ⁇ _L_cmd of the electric motor 31L are determined.
- the processing of the motor command calculation unit 82 is the same as the processing of the XY-RL conversion unit 86b of the limit processing unit 86 (see FIG. 11).
- the motor command calculation unit 82 replaces ⁇ w_x, ⁇ w_y, ⁇ _R, and ⁇ _L in the equations 01a and 01b with ⁇ w_x_cmd, ⁇ w_y_cmd, ⁇ _R_cmd, and ⁇ _L_cmd, respectively, and sets ⁇ _R_cmd and ⁇ _L_cmd as unknowns.
- the respective speed commands ⁇ _R_cmd and ⁇ _L_cmd of the electric motors 31R and 31L are determined.
- the control unit 50 executes the control calculation process, so that the attitude of the base body 9 basically has the base body tilt angle deviation measured value ⁇ be_x_s in any of the operation modes of the boarding mode and the independent mode.
- ⁇ be_y_s so as to maintain a posture where both are “0” (hereinafter, this posture is referred to as a basic posture), in other words, the vehicle system center-of-gravity point (vehicle / occupant overall center of gravity point or vehicle individual center-of-gravity point)
- the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ dotw_xy_cmd as the operation amount (control input) is determined so that the position is maintained almost directly above the ground contact surface of the wheel body 5.
- the virtual wheel rotation is performed so that the center-of-gravity speed estimated value Vb_xy_s as the estimated value of the moving speed of the vehicle system center-of-gravity point converges to the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_xy_mdfd while keeping the attitude of the base body 9 in the basic attitude.
- An angular acceleration command ⁇ dotw_xy_cmd is determined. Note that the control target center-of-gravity velocity Vb_xy_mdfd is “0” in the boarding mode and in the stop mode of the independent mode. In this case, the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ dotw_xy_cmd is determined so that the center of gravity of the vehicle system is substantially stationary while maintaining the posture of the base body 9 in the basic posture.
- the rotational angular velocities of the electric motors 31R and 31L obtained by converting the virtual wheel rotational angular velocity command ⁇ w_xy_cmd obtained by integrating the components of ⁇ dotw_xy_cmd are determined as the speed commands ⁇ _R_cmd and ⁇ _L_cmd of the electric motors 31R and 31L. Further, the rotational speeds of the electric motors 31R and 31L are controlled according to the speed commands ⁇ _R_cmd and ⁇ _L_cmd.
- the moving speeds of the wheel body 5 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are controlled so as to coincide with the moving speed of the virtual wheel 62_x corresponding to ⁇ w_x_cmd and the moving speed of the virtual wheel 62_y corresponding to ⁇ w_y_cmd, respectively.
- the wheel body 5 is adjusted to eliminate the shift (to converge ⁇ be_x_s to “0”). Move forward. Similarly, when the actual ⁇ b_x shifts backward from the target value ⁇ b_x_obj, the wheel body 5 moves rearward in order to eliminate the shift (to converge ⁇ be_x_s to “0”).
- the wheel body 5 faces right to eliminate the shift (to converge ⁇ be_y_s to “0”). Move to. Similarly, when the actual ⁇ b_y shifts to the left tilt side from the target value ⁇ b_y_obj, the wheel body 5 moves to the left in order to eliminate the shift (to converge ⁇ be_y_s to “0”).
- the wheel body 5 when the base body 9 is tilted from the basic posture, the wheel body 5 is moved toward the tilted side. Therefore, for example, in the boarding mode, when the occupant intentionally tilts the upper body, the wheel body 5 moves to the tilted side.
- the tilt amount of the base body 9 from the basic posture (base tilt angle deviation measurement)
- the values ⁇ be_x_s and ⁇ be_y_s) are relatively large, and are eliminated or one or both of the moving speeds of the wheel body 5 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction necessary to maintain the inclination amount (the moving speeds thereof).
- Vw_x_lim2-Vb_x_prd and Vw_y_lim2-Vb_y_prd are the control target center-of-gravity speed Vb_x_m. dfd and Vb_y_mdfd are determined.
- the operation amount components u3_x and u3_y among the operation amount components constituting the control input are determined so as to converge the center-of-gravity speed estimated values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s to the control target center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_mdfd and Vb_y_mdfd, respectively. For this reason, it is prevented that the inclination amount of the base body 9 from the basic posture becomes excessive, and consequently, the rotational angular velocity of one or both of the electric motors 31R and 31L is prevented from becoming too high.
- the gain adjusting unit 78 one or both of the center-of-gravity velocity estimated values Vb_x_s and Vb_y_s are increased, and as a result, it is necessary for eliminating the inclination of the base body 9 from the basic posture or maintaining the inclination amount.
- the moving speed of one or both of the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the wheel body 5 may be an excessive moving speed that causes the rotational angular speed of one or both of the electric motors 31R and 31L to deviate from the allowable range.
- the gain adjustment parameters Kr_x and Kr_y change from “0” to “1”. It can be approached.
- the same applies to each i-th gain coefficient Ki_y (i 1, 2, 3) calculated by the expression 09y.
- the sensitivity of the operation amount (virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration commands ⁇ dotw_x_cmd, ⁇ dotw_y_cmd) with respect to a change in the tilt of the base body 9 increases. Therefore, if the inclination amount of the base body 9 from the basic posture is increased, the moving speed of the wheel body 5 is controlled so as to quickly eliminate the inclination amount. Accordingly, it is strongly suppressed that the base body 9 is largely inclined from the basic posture, and consequently, the moving speed of one or both of the wheel body 5 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is the rotation of one or both of the electric motors 31R and 31L. It is possible to prevent an excessive movement speed that causes the angular speed to deviate from the allowable range.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 determines that the requested center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim, Vb_y_aim (one or both of Vb_x_aim, Vb_y_aim is “0” in response to a request by the steering operation of the string member C such as an occupant.
- the required center of gravity speed is not generated, unless one or both of the electric motors 31R and 31L has a high rotational angular speed that deviates from the allowable range (details are Vw_x_lim2, Vw_y_lim2 shown in FIG. 12).
- the required center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim are determined as the control target center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_mdfd and Vb_y_mdfd, respectively.
- the moving speed of the wheel body 5 is controlled so as to realize the required center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim (so that the actual center-of-gravity speed approaches the required center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim).
- the required center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 sets the required center-of-gravity speeds Vb_x_aim and Vb_y_aim to “0” as described above.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 is in a movement mode in which the string-like body C is connected to the vehicle 1 and operated, or the vehicle 1 is stopped.
- Different required center-of-gravity velocities V_x_aim and V_y_aim are determined depending on whether the mode is the stop mode.
- the required center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 sequentially executes the processing shown in the flowchart of FIG. 14 at a predetermined control processing cycle, thereby requesting the required center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim in the X-axis direction and the request in the Y-axis direction in the independent mode.
- the center-of-gravity speed Vb_y_aim is determined.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 first executes the processing of STEP21. In this process, the required center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 determines whether or not the operation mode of the vehicle 1 is a self-supporting mode.
- the required gravity center speed generation unit 74 proceeds to STEP 22 and determines whether the current arithmetic processing mode is the movement mode or the stop mode.
- the string-like body C is connected to the engaging portion 4 of the seat 3 in a state where no occupant is on the vehicle 1.
- the switch whose output is turned ON is in the ON state, it is determined that it is in the moving mode, and in the OFF state, it is determined that it is in the stop mode.
- the output of the switch between the movement mode and the stop mode provided at a predetermined position of the vehicle 1 is an output state indicating the selection of the movement mode, it is determined that the movement mode is selected, and the stop mode is selected. In the output state shown, it is determined that the stop mode is set.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 proceeds to STEP 23 and acquires the output of the three-axis force sensor 55.
- the output of the three-axis force sensor 55 acquired here includes three-direction components Fx, Fy, and Fz in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction. Therefore, the required center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 uses the force F applied to the sheet 3 by the string-like body C connected to the engaging portion 4, that is, the tension F of the string-like body C as the output of the triaxial force sensor 55. Can be acquired.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 proceeds to STEP 24, and from the acquired output of the three-axis force sensor 55, an occupant who supports the vehicle 1 and the other end of the string-like body (as a pedestrian who does not ride on the seat 3).
- An estimated distance calculation process is performed to calculate an estimated distance between the passenger and the vehicle corresponding to the moving object of the present invention (the same applies hereinafter).
- the estimated distance D_s between the vehicle 1 and the occupant is calculated from the ratio of the vertical component Fz and the horizontal component Fxy of the tension F of the string C.
- FIG. 15A shows the relationship between forces in the vertical plane including both of these two resolving forces Fz and Fxy when the tension F of the string-like body C is decomposed into a vertical component Fz and a horizontal component Fxy. Show.
- the calculated included angle ⁇ indicates the direction of the tension F at the engaging portion 4 of the string-like body C on the vertical plane, and the slackness of the string-like body C (specific tension), that is, the string-like body This corresponds to the distance to the other end of.
- the required center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 stores and holds one or more of relational expressions, data tables, maps, and the like that preliminarily define the relationship between the included angle ⁇ and the distance between both ends of the string-like body,
- the estimated distance D_s between the vehicle 1 and the occupant holding the other end of the string-like body C is calculated by referring to a relational expression or the like from the calculated included angle ⁇ .
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 proceeds to STEP 25, and the magnitude
- ( Sqrt (Vb_x_aim 2 + Vb_y_aim 2 )) is determined.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 uses the feedback operation amount for converging the deviation between the calculated estimated distance D_s and the target distance D_mdfd to “0”, and the magnitude of the requested center-of-gravity velocity vector
- the required center-of-gravity speed generation unit 74 determines the required center-of-gravity speed vector magnitude
- the target distance D_mdfd is a target value of the distance between the vehicle 1 and the occupant connected via the string-like body C, and the length of the string-like body C and the engagement with which the string-like body C is connected. Considering the height of the portion 4 and the like, the string-like body C does not come into contact with the floor between the vehicle 1 and the occupant, the vehicle 1 and the occupant are not too close, and are not separated too much. It is a value set in advance as a requirement. Note that it may be configured such that the occupant who is the user can set or adjust the target distance D_mdfd on condition that the requirement is satisfied.
- K is a gain coefficient and is a preset fixed value.
- the required center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 determines the magnitude of the required center-of-gravity velocity vector
- by determining the magnitude of the tension F ( sqrt (F_x 2 + F_y 2 + F_z 2 )) of the string C.
- of the required center-of-gravity velocity vector is determined to be “0” regardless of the above equation 11.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 proceeds to STEP 26 and performs target direction calculation processing for calculating the target movement direction of the vehicle 1 from the two horizontal direction components Fx and Fy of the output of the triaxial force sensor 55 acquired at STEP 23. Execute.
- FIG. 15B schematically shows this calculation method.
- FIG. 15B shows the relationship between forces in the horizontal plane including both of these two resolving forces Fx and Fy when the tension F of the string-like body C is decomposed into the X-axis direction component Fx and the Y-axis direction component Fy. Is shown.
- the calculated included angle ⁇ corresponds to the tension direction of the string-like body C with respect to the vehicle 1 in the horizontal plane, that is, the direction of the occupant with respect to the vehicle 1. Therefore, the direction specified by the included angle ⁇ can be the moving direction of the vehicle.
- the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 proceeds to STEP 27, and determines the requested center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim, Vb_y_aim using the included angle ⁇ calculated in STEP 26. Specifically, the requested center-of-gravity velocity generation unit 74 determines the requested center-of-gravity velocity Vb_x_aim, Vb_y_aim according to the following equation.
- the attitude control calculation unit 80 determines the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration command ⁇ dotw_xy_cmd as described above. Thereby, based on the tension F of the string-like body C, the vehicle 1 can be tracked or separated from the passenger while the distance between the vehicle 1 and the passenger supporting the string-like body C is kept at the target distance D_mdfd. it can.
- the occupant and the vehicle 1 are separated too much or approached during the movement depending on the arrangement of the vehicle 1 with respect to the occupant. Thus, it is not difficult to move the vehicle 1 in the direction in which it is desired to move.
- the vehicle 1 can be moved in the tension direction of the string-like body C at a moving speed according to the magnitude of the tension, and the tilting of the seat 3 or the base body 9 is not required.
- the stability of the moving speed of the vehicle can be improved.
- the vehicle 1 of the present embodiment it is not necessary for the occupant to maintain the seat 3 and the base body 9 in the state of being inclined in the moving direction while moving the vehicle 1, and the string-like body C is occupant. Between the vehicle and the vehicle, while the passenger and the vehicle 1 are too far apart or too close to each other during the movement, it is difficult for the passenger to move the vehicle 1 as desired. 1 can be easily moved in the intended direction.
- the virtual wheel rotation angular acceleration commands ⁇ dotw_x_cmd and ⁇ dotw_y_cmd correspond to the control operation amounts in the present invention. Furthermore, the occupant who is a pedestrian who does not board the seat 3 corresponds to the moving body of the present invention, the seat 3 corresponds to the object mounting portion of the present invention, and the triaxial force sensor 55 corresponds to the tension detection unit of the present invention. To do.
- the vehicle system center of gravity (specifically, the vehicle / occupant overall center of gravity) is set as the predetermined representative point of the vehicle 1, but the representative point is, for example, the predetermined point of the wheel body 5 or the predetermined base 9. You may set to the point etc. of a site
- a moving object includes the said vehicle other than a pedestrian.
- Other vehicles other than 1 may be used.
- the seat 3 on which an occupant can ride has been described as an example of the object mounting unit.
- the object mounting unit may be a loading unit such as luggage that the occupant does not board. It may be.
- a control process similar to that in the movement mode may be executed in a state where the object to be transported is mounted or not mounted on the object mounting unit.
- the vehicle 1 having the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is exemplified.
- the inverted pendulum type vehicle 1 in the present invention is not limited to the vehicle exemplified in the present embodiment.
- the wheel body 5 as the moving operation unit of the vehicle 1 has an integral structure.
- the wheel body 5 has a structure as shown in FIG. May be. That is, a plurality of rollers are extrapolated on a rigid annular shaft body so that the shaft centers in the tangential direction of the shaft body, and the plurality of rollers are circumferentially arranged along the shaft body. You may comprise a wheel body by arranging in a direction.
- the moving operation unit may have a crawler-like structure as described in FIG.
- the moving operation unit is configured by a sphere, and the sphere is connected to an actuator device (
- the vehicle may be configured to be rotationally driven in the direction around the X axis and the direction around the Y axis by an actuator device having the wheel body 5).
- the inverted pendulum type vehicle according to the present invention is, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the vehicle may have a structure in which the step of placing the vehicle and the portion gripped by the occupant standing on the step are assembled to the base body.
- the present invention can be applied to an inverted pendulum type vehicle having various structures as seen in Patent Documents 1 to 3 and the like.
- the inverted pendulum type vehicle according to the present invention includes a plurality of moving operation units that can move in all directions on the floor surface (for example, two in the left-right direction, two in the front-rear direction, or three or more). You may have.
- the base body tilts together with the occupant's object mounting portion.
- the base on which these moving operation units are assembled is prevented from tilting with respect to the floor surface, and the object mounting unit is tilted with respect to the base. May be.
- SYMBOLS 1 Inverted pendulum type omnidirectional vehicle, 3 ... Seat (object mounting part), 4 ... Engagement part, 5 ... Wheel body (movement operation part), 7 ... Actuator apparatus, 9 ... Base
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Abstract
Description
床面上を互いに直交する第1の方向及び第2の方向を含む全方向に移動可能な移動動作部と、該移動動作部を駆動するアクチュエータ装置と、該移動動作部及びアクチュエータ装置が組付けられた基体と、前記第1の方向の軸周りと第2の方向の軸周りとの2軸周りで鉛直方向に対して傾動自在に前記基体に組付けられた物体搭載部とを備える倒立振子型車両の制御装置であって、
前記基体または前記物体搭載部に一端が連結されると共に他端が車両の外部の移動体に保持された紐状体により、該基体または物体搭載部に作用する該紐状体の張力を検出する張力検出部と、
前記張力検出部で検出された紐状体の張力に応じて、前記移動動作部に付与する駆動力を規定する制御用操作量を決定し、その決定した制御用操作量に応じて前記移動動作部の移動動作を前記アクチュエータ装置を介して制御する移動動作部制御手段と
を備えることを特徴とする(第1発明)。
ωw_x=(ω_R+ω_L)/2 ……式01a
ωw_y=C・(ω_R-ω_L)/2 ……式01b
なお、式01bにおける“C”は、前記フリーローラ29R,29Lと車輪体5との間の機構的な関係や滑りに依存する所定値の係数である。また、ωw_x,ω_R,ω_Lの正の向きは、仮想車輪62_xが前方に向かって輪転する場合の該仮想車輪62_xの回転方向、ωw_yの正の向きは、仮想車輪62_yが左向きに輪転する場合の該仮想車輪62_yの回転方向である。
d2θbe_x/dt2=α_x・θbe_x+β_x・ωwdot_x ……式03x
d2θbe_y/dt2=α_y・θbe_y+β_y・ωwdot_y ……式03y
式03xにおけるωwdot_xは仮想車輪62_xの回転角加速度(回転角速度ωw_xの1階微分値)、α_xは、質点60_xの質量や高さh_xに依存する係数、β_xは、仮想車輪62_xのイナーシャ(慣性モーメント)や半径Rw_xに依存する係数である。式03yにおけるωwdot_y、α_y、β_yについても上記と同様である。
Vb_x_s=Rw_x・ωw_x_cmd_p+h_x・θbdot_x_s ……05x
Vb_y_s=Rw_y・ωw_y_cmd_p+h_y・θbdot_y_s ……05y
これらの式05x,05yにおいて、Rw_x,Rw_yは、前記したように、仮想車輪62_x,62_yのそれぞれの半径であり、これらの値は、あらかじめ設定された所定値である。また、h_x,h_yは、それぞれ倒立振子モデルの質点60_x,60_yの高さである。この場合、本実施形態では、車両系重心点の高さは、ほぼ一定に維持されるものとされる。そこで、h_x,h_yの値としては、それぞれ、あらかじめ設定された所定値が用いられる。補足すると、高さh_x,h_yは、前記STEP6又は8において値を設定する定数パラメータに含まれるものである。
ωwdot_x_cmd=K1_x・θbe_x_s+K2_x・θbdot_x_s
+K3_x・(Vb_x_s-Vb_x_mdfd) ……式07x
ωwdot_y_cmd=K1_y・θbe_y_s+K2_y・θbdot_y_s
+K3_y・(Vb_y_s-Vb_y_mdfd) ……式07y
従って、本実施形態では、Y軸方向から見た倒立振子モデルの質点60_xの運動(ひいては、Y軸方向から見た車両系重心点の運動)を制御するための操作量(制御入力)としての仮想車輪回転角加速度指令ωdotw_x_cmdと、X軸方向から見た倒立振子モデルの質点60_yの運動(ひいては、X軸方向から見た車両系重心点の運動)を制御するための操作量(制御入力)としての仮想車輪回転角加速度指令ωdotw_y_cmdとは、それぞれ、3つの操作量成分(式07x,07yの右辺の3つの項)を加え合わせることによって決定される。
Ki_x=(1-Kr_x)・Ki_a_x+Kr_x・Ki_b_x ……式09x
Ki_y=(1-Kr_y)・Ki_a_y+Kr_y・Ki_b_y ……式09y
(i=1,2,3)
ここで、式09xにおけるKi_a_x、Ki_b_xは、それぞれ、第iゲイン係数Ki_xの最小側(“0”に近い側)のゲイン係数値、最大側(“0”から離れる側)のゲイン係数値としてあらかじめ設定された定数値である。このことは、式09yにおけるKi_a_y、Ki_b_yについても同様である。
|↑Vb_aim|=K (D_s-D_mdfd) ……式11
上式11において、目標距離D_mdfdは、紐状体Cを介して繋がった車両1と乗員との距離の目標値であって、紐状体Cの長さや紐状体Cが連結される係合部4の高さ等を考慮しつつ、紐状体Cが車両1と乗員との間で床面に接触しないこと、車両1と乗員とが接近し過ぎないことおよび離反し過ぎないこと等を要件として予め設定された値である。なお、かかる要件を満たすことを条件に、ユーザである乗員が目標距離D_mdfdを設定または調整可能に構成してもよい。また、上式11において、Kは、ゲイン係数であって、予め設定された固定値となっている。
Vb_x_aim=|↑Vb_aim| cosθβ ……式13x
Vb_y_aim=|↑Vb_aim| sinθβ ……式13y
このようにして決定された要求重心速度Vb_x_aim,Vb_y_aimを用いて、姿勢制御演算部80が、前述のように仮想車輪回転角加速度指令ωdotw_xy_cmdを決定する。これにより、紐状体Cの張力Fに基づいて、車両1を紐状体Cを支持する乗員との間の距離を目標距離D_mdfdに保ちつつ、車両1を当該乗員に追従または離反させることができる。そのため、乗員がシート3または基体9を把持してこれを傾動させて車両1を移動させる場合のように、乗員に対する車両1の配置によって移動中に乗員と車両1が離反し過ぎてまたは接近し過ぎて、車両1を移動させたい方向へ移動させることが困難となることもない。
Claims (4)
- 床面上を互いに直交する第1の方向及び第2の方向を含む全方向に移動可能な移動動作部と、該移動動作部を駆動するアクチュエータ装置と、該移動動作部及びアクチュエータ装置が組付けられた基体と、前記第1の方向の軸周りと第2の方向の軸周りとの2軸周りで鉛直方向に対して傾動自在に前記基体に組付けられた物体搭載部とを備える倒立振子型車両の制御装置であって、
前記基体または前記物体搭載部に一端が連結されると共に他端が車両の外部の移動体に保持された紐状体により、該基体または物体搭載部に作用する該紐状体の張力を検出する張力検出部と、
前記張力検出部で検出された紐状体の張力に応じて、前記移動動作部に付与する駆動力を規定する制御用操作量を決定し、その決定した制御用操作量に応じて前記移動動作部の移動動作を前記アクチュエータ装置を介して制御する移動動作部制御手段と
を備えることを特徴とする倒立振子型車両の制御装置。 - 請求項1記載の倒立振子型車両の制御装置において、
前記移動動作部制御手段は、前記張力検出部で検出された紐状体の張力の鉛直方向成分と水平方向成分から、前記基体または前記物体搭載部と前記移動体との距離を算出し、算出した該距離が予め設定された目標距離となるように、前記制御用操作量を決定することを特徴とする倒立振子型車両の制御装置。 - 請求項1記載の倒立振子型車両の制御装置において、
前記移動動作部制御手段は、前記張力検出部で検出された紐状体の張力の水平方向成分の向きから、前記基体または前記物体搭載部に対する前記移動体の方向を算出し、算出した該方向を目標方向として前記制御用操作量を決定することを特徴とする倒立振子型車両の制御装置。 - 請求項1記載の倒立振子型車両の制御装置において、
前記移動動作部制御手段は、前記張力検出部で検出された紐状体の張力の大きさが所定値以下の場合に、当該車両の移動速度を0にするように前記制御用操作量を決定することを特徴とする倒立振子型車両の制御装置。
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US13/394,632 US8554391B2 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2009-09-18 | Control device of inverted pendulum type vehicle |
PCT/JP2009/004758 WO2011033586A1 (ja) | 2009-09-18 | 2009-09-18 | 倒立振子型車両の制御装置 |
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CN102574560B (zh) * | 2009-09-18 | 2014-06-18 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 倒立摆型移动体 |
JP5921950B2 (ja) * | 2012-05-14 | 2016-05-24 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
JP6095436B2 (ja) | 2013-03-27 | 2017-03-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
JP6081271B2 (ja) | 2013-03-29 | 2017-02-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
JP6081270B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2017-02-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
JP6111119B2 (ja) | 2013-03-29 | 2017-04-05 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
JP6099484B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-31 | 2017-03-22 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
JP6099485B2 (ja) | 2013-05-31 | 2017-03-22 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
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JP6184348B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-07 | 2017-08-23 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 倒立振子型車両 |
US11863007B1 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2024-01-02 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Wheel-based charger for wireless smart controllers and carts |
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- 2009-09-18 WO PCT/JP2009/004758 patent/WO2011033586A1/ja active Application Filing
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