WO2011092777A1 - 燃料電池を用いる発電方法および燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池を用いる発電方法および燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011092777A1 WO2011092777A1 PCT/JP2010/006866 JP2010006866W WO2011092777A1 WO 2011092777 A1 WO2011092777 A1 WO 2011092777A1 JP 2010006866 W JP2010006866 W JP 2010006866W WO 2011092777 A1 WO2011092777 A1 WO 2011092777A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
- H01M8/0293—Matrices for immobilising electrolyte solutions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
- H01M8/086—Phosphoric acid fuel cells [PAFC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of generating electricity using a fuel cell operable in a high temperature and low humidity environment.
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell operable in a high temperature and low humidity environment.
- Fuel cells are power generators with low CO 2 emissions.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method of generating electricity using a fuel cell operable in a high temperature and low humidity environment, and a fuel cell used for such a power generation method.
- the present invention for achieving the above object is a method of generating electricity by a fuel cell, which comprises the following steps (A) and (B): (A) preparing the following fuel cell,
- the fuel cell is Electrolyte membrane (11), Anode electrode (12) comprising anode catalyst, anode catalyst support, and anode electrolyte, and cathode electrode (13) comprising cathode catalyst, cathode catalyst support, and cathode electrolyte
- the electrolyte membrane (11) is sandwiched between the anode electrode (12) and the cathode electrode (13).
- the anode catalyst is supported on the anode catalyst support,
- the anode electrolyte covers the anode catalyst and the anode catalyst support.
- the cathode catalyst is supported on the cathode catalyst support,
- the cathode electrolyte covers the cathode catalyst and the cathode catalyst support.
- the cathode electrolyte comprises SnO 2 , NH 3 , H 2 O, and H 3 PO 4 .
- X is 0.2 or more and 5 or less
- Y is 1.6 or more and 3 or less.
- the fuel cell is preferably maintained at a temperature of 65 ° C. or higher.
- step B the fuel cell is maintained at a temperature above 100 ° C.
- the fuel cell is preferably maintained at a temperature of 120 ° C. or less.
- the fuel cell is preferably maintained at a temperature of 65 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less.
- the fuel cell is more preferably maintained at a temperature of 65 ° C. or more and 150 ° C. or less.
- the fuel cell is still more preferably maintained at a temperature of 65 ° C. or more and 120 ° C. or less.
- the fuel cell used in the above power generation method is also included in the spirit of the present invention. That is, the present invention Electrolyte membrane, An anode electrode comprising an anode catalyst, an anode catalyst support, and an anode electrolyte, and a cathode electrode comprising a cathode catalyst, a cathode catalyst support, and a cathode electrolyte,
- the anode catalyst is supported on the anode catalyst support,
- the anode electrolyte covers the anode catalyst and the anode catalyst support.
- the cathode catalyst is supported on the cathode catalyst support,
- the cathode electrolyte covers the cathode catalyst and the cathode catalyst support.
- the cathode electrolyte comprises SnO 2 , NH 3 , H 2 O, and H 3 PO 4 .
- molar ratio represented by NH 3 / SnO 2 is X
- P / Sn is Y
- X is 0.2 to 5
- Y is 1.6 to 3
- the fuel cell of the present invention can operate even in a high temperature and low humidity environment.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram and an enlarged view of the fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows an appearance photograph of the proton conductor used in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of the preparation procedure of the proton conductor used in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of the preparation procedure of the SnO 2 dispersion solution as the raw material of the proton conductor.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram and an enlarged view of the fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows an appearance photograph of the proton conductor used in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of the preparation procedure of the proto
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of a sample piece for measuring proton conductivity.
- FIG. 10 shows a graph of the current-voltage characteristic of the fuel cell of Example 1.
- FIG. 11 shows a graph relating to the relative humidity dependency of the fuel cell.
- FIG. 12 shows a graph of the current-voltage of the fuel cell of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a fuel cell according to the present invention.
- symbol 11 shows an electrolyte membrane.
- symbol 12 shows an anode electrode.
- symbol 13 shows a cathode electrode.
- symbol 14 shows a gas diffusion layer.
- symbol 15 shows a separator.
- symbol 16a shows an anode gas inlet.
- symbol 16b shows an anode gas outlet.
- symbol 17a shows a cathode gas inlet.
- Reference numerals 18a and 18b denote an anode catalyst and a cathode catalyst, respectively.
- Reference numerals 19a and 19b denote an anode catalyst support and a cathode catalyst support, respectively.
- Reference numerals 20a and 20b indicate an anode electrolyte and a cathode electrolyte, respectively.
- electrolyte membrane as used herein means an electrolyte membrane sandwiched between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode.
- electrolyte as used herein means an electrolyte that is coated with a catalyst and a catalyst support at the anode and cathode electrodes.
- low humidity means that the oxygen gas supplied to the cathode electrode has a relative humidity of 0% or more and 40% or less. As long as the hydrogen gas supplied to the anode electrode has a relative humidity of more than 40% (for example, 100%), the oxygen gas supplied to the cathode electrode has a relative humidity of 0% to 40%. Oxygen gas is described herein as having "low humidity”.
- an example of the electrolyte membrane 11 is perfluorosulfonic acid represented by Nafion®. Proton conductive polymer electrolyte membrane.
- an example of the electrolyte membrane 11 is an electrolyte membrane exhibiting proton conductivity in a low humidity environment.
- a specific example of such an electrolyte membrane is (a) a proton conductor membrane obtained by mixing H 3 PO 4 with a dispersed aqueous solution containing SnO 2 and NH 3 , (b) phosphorus (SiC) (silicon carbide) An electrolyte membrane impregnated with an acid, and an electrolyte membrane (c) polybenzimidazole impregnated with a phosphoric acid.
- the proton conductor membrane of (a) is described in International Application No. PCT / JP2009 / 003793.
- the electrolyte membrane of (b) can be used for a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC).
- PAFC phosphoric acid fuel cell
- the anode electrode 12 comprises an anode catalyst 18a, an anode catalyst support 19a, and an anode electrolyte 20a.
- the anode catalyst 18a is platinum or an alloy containing platinum.
- the anode catalyst 18 a reduces hydrogen gas to generate protons.
- the anode catalyst support 19a is made of an electron conductive material, preferably carbon powder. The reason why carbon powder is preferred as the electroconductive material is (1) capable of easily supporting the anode catalyst 18, (2) having high resistance to protons responsible for strong acidity, and (3) electrochemical It is stable.
- anode electrolyte 20a is a commercially available Nafion® dispersion (manufactured by Aldrich). The same electrolyte as the cathode electrolyte 20b described later may also be used as the anode electrolyte 20a.
- the cathode electrode 13 comprises a cathode catalyst 18 b, a cathode catalyst support 19 b, and a cathode electrolyte 20 b.
- the cathode catalyst 18b and the cathode electrolyte 19b are identical to the anode catalyst 19a and the anode electrolyte 18a, respectively.
- the cathode electrolyte 20 b is a proton conductor composed of SnO 2 , NH 3 , H 2 O, and H 3 PO 4 .
- this proton conductor when the molar ratio represented by NH 3 / SnO 2 is defined as X, and the molar ratio represented by P / Sn is defined as Y, X is 0.2 or more and 5 or less, and Y Is 1.6 or more and 3 or less.
- the anode electrode 12 and the cathode electrode 13 may be provided with a water repellent agent in order to secure a gas path inside the electrode and to drain generated water.
- the anode electrode 12 is formed by applying an ink solution in which an anode catalyst 18a, an anode catalyst support 19a, and an anode electrolyte 20a are dispersed in water or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent on the anode support and drying it. Can be produced by The cathode electrode 13 can also be produced in the same manner as the anode electrode 12.
- the anode electrode 12 and the cathode electrode 13 can also be produced by the method described in the examples described later.
- Examples of means for dispersing the anode electrolyte 20a or the cathode electrolyte 20b in water or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent are a paint shaker, a rocking mill, a homogenizer, and a ball mill.
- Examples of means for applying the ink solution are die coaters, bar coaters, screen printing, spray coaters, and dispensers.
- a method of bonding the electrolyte membrane 11 and the anode electrode 12 is a method of directly sticking the anode electrode 12 on the electrolyte membrane 11 or affixing the anode electrode 12 on a sheet made of polyethylene terephthalate and then hot pressing the anode on the electrolyte membrane 11 It can be selected appropriately from the method of transferring the electrode 12.
- the method of bonding the electrolyte membrane 11 and the cathode electrode 13 is also the same as described above.
- a catalyst layer can be formed by applying the above ink solution and drying.
- the mixing and dispersing method and the coating method can be appropriately selected from the methods described above.
- anode catalyst layer When forming an anode catalyst layer on the gas diffusion layer 14, after forming a layer consisting only of the anode catalyst support 19 a on the gas diffusion layer 14, a thin film forming method such as sputtering or vapor deposition is used to form the anode catalyst 18 a May be formed on the anode catalyst support layer 19a.
- a thin film forming method such as sputtering or vapor deposition is used to form the anode catalyst 18 a May be formed on the anode catalyst support layer 19a.
- platinum such as hexachlorochloroplatinic acid is formed on the layer consisting only of the anode catalyst support 19a formed on the gas diffusion layer 14
- a platinum compound (anode catalyst 18a) layer may be directly deposited on the layer consisting only of the anode catalyst support 19a by applying a solution of a complex compound and performing photoreduction, hydrogen reduction or heat treatment.
- the anode electrode 12 is obtained.
- the fuel cell is maintained at a temperature of 0 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less.
- the temperature is less than 0 ° C.
- the water generated at the cathode electrode 13 freezes.
- the temperature is higher than 200 ° C., the phosphoric acid contained in the cathode electrolyte 20 b is dehydrated and condensed to deteriorate to pyrophosphoric acid.
- the fuel cell is preferably maintained at a temperature in the range of 65 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less, more preferably in the range of 65 ° C. or more and 150 ° C. or less. It is maintained at a temperature in the range of ° C to 120 ° C.
- Hydrogen is supplied to the anode electrode 12. Electrons and protons are generated from hydrogen by the anode catalyst 18 a inside the anode electrode 12. The generated protons conduct through the electrolyte membrane 14 to reach the cathode electrode 13. Thereafter, the protons are combined with oxygen on the cathode catalyst 18 b inside the cathode electrode 13 to generate electric power.
- Oxygen is supplied to the cathode electrode 13.
- the oxygen has a relative humidity of 0% or more and 40% or less.
- the power generation performance of the fuel cell of the present invention is lower than the power generation performance of the conventional fuel cell.
- the proton conductor (proton conducting gel) used as cathode electrolyte is composed of SnO 2 , NH 3 , H 2 O and H 3 PO 4 .
- the proton conductor is such that X is 0.2 or more and 5 or less, and Y Is 1.6 or more and 3 or less.
- the proton conductor is obtained by mixing H 3 PO 4 with a solution composed of SnO 2 particles, NH 3 and H 2 O and heating.
- the proton conductor is a homogeneous gel-like substance without phase separation, and has a structure in which SnO 2 particles, NH 3 , H 2 O, and H 3 PO 4 are networked in the gel.
- FIG. 2 shows an appearance photograph of the proton conductor (proton conducting gel).
- the “networked structure” is a structure in which the constituent components of the proton conductor are present in a stable and interacting manner without forming a compound. Even if the proton conductor is subjected to crystal evaluation by X-ray diffraction, only the diffraction peak of SnO 2 particles is detected. Furthermore, the proton conductor has a non-flowable gel state.
- the term "gel” as used herein is defined as meeting the relationship Sb / Sa ⁇ 4.
- Sa is a projected area of the gel measured immediately after the gel is extruded from the 1 cm diameter glass tube and placed on the glass substrate, and Sb is measured after being placed on the glass substrate and left for 1 hour. Projected area of the gel.
- the proton conductor When the molar ratio X is 0.2 or more and 5 or less, and the molar ratio Y is 1.6 or more and 3 or less, the proton conductor is present in the form of gel stably without phase separation and precipitation. And, it is maintained in a networked form.
- the proton conductor has excellent water holding capacity under low humidity and has excellent proton conductivity.
- the cathode electrode using the proton conductor as an electrolyte enables power generation using a fuel cell under low humidity.
- the proton conductor is a gel
- diffusion of oxygen gas supplied to the cathode electrode 13 to the outside of the cathode electrode 13 is suppressed when the proton conductor is used as a cathode electrolyte.
- the problem of "dipping" which is a problem when a liquid such as H 3 PO 4 is used as an electrolyte, does not occur.
- FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of the preparation procedure of the proton conductor.
- FIG. 4 shows a method of producing a SnO 2 dispersion solution (a solution in which SnO 2 particles are dispersed in NH 3 and H 2 O) which is a raw material of the proton conductor.
- a SnO 2 dispersion solution in which SnO 2 particles having a particle diameter of 2 nm are dispersed in NH 3 and H 2 O was prepared.
- SnO 2 particles are dispersed in the solution as colloids.
- the SnO 2 colloid can be produced by a general method. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, colloidal SnO 2 can also be prepared using SnCl 4 .2H 2 O as a starting material.
- the particle size distribution of SnO 2 particles was measured by dynamic light scattering.
- the primary particle size had a peak at about 2 nm, and the secondary particle size had a peak at about 17 nm. That is, it was confirmed that some SnO 2 particles are aggregated in H 2 O, but many SnO 2 particles are dispersed in H 2 O. It is thought that NH 3 exists as counter ions (NH 4 + ) on the surface of SnO 2 particles, and plays a role of preventing aggregation of SnO 2 particles.
- the amount of NH 3 was changed by adding an NH 4 OH solution (28 wt%) to 40 g of the above SnO 2 dispersion, and a plurality of SnO 2 dispersions having X of 0 to 200 were prepared.
- the gel sample was X-resolved to confirm the crystals in the proton conducting gel.
- X-ray analysis was performed to confirm whether SnO 2 was reacting with NH 3 and H 3 PO 4 .
- Thermal analysis of the gel sample is also performed along with X-ray analysis, and the amount of H 2 O contained in the gel sample, desorption of H 2 O at a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher, and presence or absence of reaction between the constituents are examined. It was done.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of X-ray diffraction after heating to 200 ° C. a proton conductive gel in which X is 0.2 and Y is 3.
- X is 0.2 and Y is 3.
- FIG. 5 shows that only the diffraction peak based on SnO 2 was measured as a crystal, and the diffraction peak was also broad. That is, it was inferred that only SnO 2 is crystallized in this proton conductive gel, and its particle diameter is also quite small.
- X-ray diffraction results did not show that SnO 2 reacted with H 3 PO 4 or NH 3 . Therefore, it was presumed that large crystals did not precipitate and that no reactant was formed.
- This form was considered to be the so-called "networked” form. That is, it was presumed that the four types of compounds (SnO 2 , NH 3 , H 2 O, and H 3 PO 4 ) do not react with each other, but are in a stable state strongly associated with each other. It is presumed that such a stable state greatly contributes to the thermal stability and proton conductivity of the proton conductive gel described later.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of measuring the proton conductivity of a proton conducting gel in which X is 0.2 and Y is 3.
- Table 2 shows the proton conductivity at 100 ° C. of the plurality of proton conducting gels shown in Table 1.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of a sample piece for measuring proton conductivity.
- the sample piece shown in FIG. 7 was produced by the following procedure.
- an electrode sheet 23 of 18 mm ⁇ 18 mm in size was prepared.
- the electrode sheet 23 is made of carbon fiber having a diameter of 20 microns and has a thickness of approximately 0.135 mm.
- insulators 24 and 25 made of polyimide film were disposed on the electrode sheet 22. Insulators 24 and 25 had a thickness of 0.2 mm. Insulators 24 and 25 were previously provided with openings having a size of 8 mm ⁇ .
- the electrode sheet 22 was disposed on the insulators 24 and 25 to obtain a sample piece. After this, the sample piece was fixed by a spring material (not shown).
- the proton conductivity of the proton conducting gel was measured by alternating current impedance measurement using a network analyzer. At the time of measurement of proton conductivity, direct current resistance was also measured. The direct current resistance component was removed from the measured proton conductivity to evaluate the proton conductivity.
- the proton conductivity of the proton conductor is preferably 10 -3 S / cm or more, and more preferably 10 -1 S / cm or more.
- FIG. 8 shows an X-ray diffraction graph of a proton conducting gel sample in which X is 200 and Y is 5.
- X was large, the sample became cloudy.
- peaks of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or diammonium hydrogen phosphate were detected.
- the peak of SnHPO 4 was also detected in the X-ray diffraction graph.
- a sample of proton conductive gel was a mixture of SnO 2 with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and SnHPO 4 It is confirmed that you are doing.
- FIG. 9 shows a thermal analysis graph of a proton conducting gel in which X is 0.2 and Y is 3. From FIG. 9, desorption (release) of H 2 O was observed at 100 ° C. or lower. By considering the weight at 100 ° C. and the initial charge weight, it was possible to evaluate the water content at 100 ° C. and the weight change and the water content change at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C.
- the proton conductive gel is composed of SnO 2 , NH 3 , H 2 O, and H 3 PO 4 , and these four constituents do not react with each other and are stable at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. It turned out to be a gel.
- a proton conductive gel having X of 0.2 to 5 and Y of 1.6 to 3 has a proton conductivity of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm or more, and is an electrolyte of a fuel cell. It was also found to be suitable as
- Table 3 shows the results of measuring the water holding capacity of the proton conductive gel.
- the water holding capacity of the proton conducting gel was evaluated based on the weight loss rate until reaching 200 ° C. and the weight loss rate in the temperature range of 100 ° C. to 200 ° C.
- the weight reduction rate in the temperature range of 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. is 4 to 6%, and the weight stability is very excellent. It is confirmed from Table 3 that it is possible to achieve Furthermore, the water content of the proton conducting gel after heating at 200 ° C. was 44% to 49% by weight, which suggested that the proton conducting gel had a very high water content.
- the cathode electrode was manufactured using the proton conductive gel described above. A fuel cell equipped with the cathode electrode was produced, and its function was evaluated under low humidity.
- Three types of electrodes were produced by the following method in order to compare the difference in the function based on electrolyte only with which an anode electrode and a cathode electrode are equipped.
- GDL24BC made of SGL carbon in which a catalyst carrier containing a water repellent agent was formed on a gas diffusion layer was used. Platinum was sputtered thereon such that the amount of catalyst was 0.3 mg / cm 2 .
- a proton conducting gel with X 0.2 and Y 3 was further applied and dried at 100 ° C. to produce an electrode. The dried electrolyte had a density of 10 mg / cm 2 .
- Electrode An electrode was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that a commercially available Nafion (registered trademark) dispersion (manufactured by Aldrich, 5 wt% water / alcohol mixed solvent) was used as the electrolyte 20.
- a commercially available Nafion (registered trademark) dispersion manufactured by Aldrich, 5 wt% water / alcohol mixed solvent
- Example 1 Three types of fuel cells of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 shown in Table 4 were produced by combining the electrodes of Production Examples 1 to 3 with Nafion 117 (registered trademark) as an electrolyte membrane, and Current-voltage characteristics were evaluated.
- Nafion 117 registered trademark
- the relative humidity on the anode side is set to 100% RH, and the current-voltage characteristic is changed by changing the relative humidity of oxygen supplied to the cathode electrode.
- the relative humidity on the anode side is set to 100% RH, and the current-voltage characteristic is changed by changing the relative humidity of oxygen supplied to the cathode electrode.
- the dew point of the anode gas was fixed at 65 ° C.
- the temperature of the fuel cell was fixed at 65 ° C.
- cathode gas having a dew point of 65 ° C. oxygen gas having 100% relative humidity
- cathode gas having a dew point of 50 ° C. oxygen gas having 52% relative humidity
- Cathode gas with a dew point of 40 ° C. oxygen gas with a relative humidity of 31%)
- cathode gas with a dew point of 23 ° C. oxygen gas with a relative humidity of 18%)
- a cathode gas (dry oxygen gas with 0% relative humidity) having the following dew point was supplied to the cathode electrode.
- FIG. 10 shows a graph of the current-voltage characteristic of the fuel cell of Example 1.
- the numbers in FIG. 10 mean the numbers of (1) to (5) above regarding the type of cathode gas. It was confirmed that the fuel cell of Example 1 exhibits good power generation characteristics under low humidity.
- the current-voltage characteristics of the fuel cells of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were also evaluated in the same manner as Example 1.
- the current-voltage characteristics were not affected by the change in relative humidity.
- the fuel cell of Comparative Example 2 hardly operated when the cathode gas (oxygen gas having a relative humidity of 31% or less) having a dew point of 40 ° C. or less was supplied to the cathode electrode.
- FIG. 11 shows a graph in which the cell voltage at a current density of 240 mA / cm 2 is plotted against relative humidity for the fuel cells of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the fuel cell of Example 1 exhibited higher voltage than the fuel cells of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 under low humidity of 31% or less in relative humidity. That is, it was confirmed that the fuel cell of Example 1 exhibits a higher voltage than the fuel cell of Comparative Example 1 under low humidity of 0% or more and 40% or less.
- FIG. 12 shows a graph of the current-voltage characteristics of the fuel cells of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.
- the fuel cell of Example 1 had a small overpotential and had good power generation characteristics under low humidity.
- the operating temperature was 120 ° C.
- the cell voltage of the fuel cell of Comparative Example 2 at a current density of 100 mA / cm 2 or less was significantly reduced compared to the fuel cell of Example 1.
- the decrease in cell voltage due to the decrease in operating temperature was relatively small. Thus, it was confirmed that the fuel cell of Example 1 has a large power generation characteristic even at temperatures exceeding 100 ° C.
- the power generation method and fuel cell using the fuel cell of the present invention are operable under low humidity, and the need for a humidifier is small.
- the power generation method and fuel cell using the fuel cell of the present invention are useful in the fuel cell field
- electrolyte membrane 12 anode electrode 13: cathode electrode 14: gas diffusion layer 15: separator 16a: anode gas inlet 16b: anode gas outlet 17a: cathode gas inlet 17b: cathode gas outlet 18a: anode catalyst 18b: cathode catalyst 19a: Anode catalyst carrier 19b: cathode catalyst carrier 20a: anode electrolyte 20b: cathode electrolyte 21: proton conductor 22, 23: electrode sheet 24, 25: insulator
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Abstract
Description
(A)以下の燃料電池を準備する工程、
ここで、前記燃料電池は、
電解質膜(11)、
アノード触媒、アノード触媒担持体、およびアノード電解質を具備するアノード電極(12)、および
カソード触媒、カソード触媒担持体、およびカソード電解質を具備するカソード電極(13)
を具備し、ここで
前記電解質膜(11)は、前記アノード電極(12)および前記カソード電極(13)の間に挟まれており、
前記アノード触媒は、前記アノード触媒担持体上に担持されており、
前記アノード電解質は、前記アノード触媒および前記アノード触媒担持体を被覆しており、
前記カソード触媒は、前記カソード触媒担持体上に担持されており、
前記カソード電解質は、前記カソード触媒および前記カソード触媒担持体を被覆しており、
前記カソード電解質は、SnO2、NH3、H2O、およびH3PO4から構成され、
NH3/SnO2によって表されるモル比をX、P/Snで表されるモル比をYとしたとき、Xは0.2以上5以下であり、Yは1.6以上3以下であり、
(B)前記燃料電池を0℃以上200℃以下の温度下に維持しながら、前記アノード電極に水素を供給すると共に、前記カソード電極に0%以上40%以下の相対湿度を有する酸素を供給して、前記アノード電極と前記カソード電極との間に電位差を発生させる工程。
電解質膜、
アノード触媒、アノード触媒担持体、およびアノード電解質を具備するアノード電極、および
カソード触媒、カソード触媒担持体、およびカソード電解質を具備するカソード電極
を具備し、
前記アノード触媒は、前記アノード触媒担持体上に担持されており、
前記アノード電解質は、前記アノード触媒および前記アノード触媒担持体を被覆しており、
前記カソード触媒は、前記カソード触媒担持体上に担持されており、
前記カソード電解質は、前記カソード触媒および前記カソード触媒担持体を被覆しており、
前記カソード電解質は、SnO2、NH3、H2O、およびH3PO4から構成され、
NH3/SnO2によって表されるモル比をX、P/Snで表されるモル比をYとしたとき、Xは0.2以上5以下であり、Yは1.6以上3以下である、燃料電池に関する。
本発明においてカソード電解質として使用されるプロトン伝導体が以下、詳しく説明される。
上述したプロトン伝導性ゲルを用いてカソード電極が作製された。当該カソード電極を具備した燃料電池が作製され、低湿下でその機能が評価された。
まず、ガス拡散層上に炭素からなる触媒担持体が形成された。次いで、当該触媒担持体に白金(すなわち触媒)がスパッタされた。最後に、プロトン伝導性ゲルが当該触媒担持体に塗布され、乾燥されることによって電解質が形成された。
電解質としてリン酸(液体)が用いられた以外は、製造例1と同様にして、電極が作製された。
電界質20として、市販のNafion(登録商標)分散液(Aldrich製、5wt%-水/アルコール混合溶媒)が用いられたこと以外は、製造例1と同様にして、電極が作製された。
アノード側水素流量:100ml/分
カソード側酸素流量:250ml/分
燃料電池の動作温度:65℃~120℃
12:アノード電極
13:カソード電極
14:ガス拡散層
15:セパレータ
16a:アノードガス入口
16b:アノードガス出口
17a:カソードガス入口
17b:カソードガス出口
18a:アノード触媒
18b:カソード触媒
19a:アノード触媒担持体
19b:カソード触媒担持体
20a:アノード電解質
20b:カソード電解質
21:プロトン伝導体
22,23:電極シート
24,25:絶縁体
Claims (8)
- 燃料電池を用いて発電する方法であって、以下の工程(A)および(B)を有する方法:
(A)以下の燃料電池を準備する工程、
ここで、前記燃料電池は、
電解質膜、
アノード触媒、アノード触媒担持体、およびアノード電解質を具備するアノード電極、および
カソード触媒、カソード触媒担持体、およびカソード電解質を具備するカソード電極を具備し、ここで
前記電解質膜は、前記アノード電極および前記カソード電極の間に挟まれており、
前記アノード触媒は、前記アノード触媒担持体上に担持されており、
前記アノード電解質は、前記アノード触媒および前記アノード触媒担持体を被覆しており、
前記カソード触媒は、前記カソード触媒担持体上に担持されており、
前記カソード電解質は、前記カソード触媒および前記カソード触媒担持体を被覆しており、
前記カソード電解質は、SnO2、NH3、H2O、およびH3PO4から構成され、
NH3/SnO2によって表されるモル比をX、P/Snで表されるモル比をYとしたとき、Xは0.2以上5以下であり、Yは1.6以上3以下であり、
(B)前記燃料電池を0℃以上200℃以下の温度下に維持しながら、前記アノード電極に水素を供給すると共に、前記カソード電極に0%以上40%以下の相対湿度を有する酸素を供給して、前記アノード電極と前記カソード電極との間に電位差を発生させる工程。 - 前記工程Bにおいて、前記燃料電池が65℃以上の温度に維持される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記工程Bにおいて、前記燃料電池が100℃を超える温度に維持される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記工程Bにおいて、前記燃料電池が120℃以下の温度に維持される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記工程Bにおいて、前記燃料電池が65℃以上200℃以下の温度に維持される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記工程Bにおいて、前記燃料電池が65℃以上150℃以下の温度に維持される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記工程Bにおいて、前記燃料電池が65℃以上120℃以下の温度に維持される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 電解質膜と、
アノード触媒、アノード触媒担持体、およびアノード電解質を具備するアノード電極、および
カソード触媒、カソード触媒担持体、およびカソード電解質を具備するカソード電極を具備し、
前記アノード触媒は、前記アノード触媒担持体上に担持されており、
前記アノード電解質は、前記アノード触媒および前記アノード触媒担持体を被覆しており、
前記カソード触媒は、前記カソード触媒担持体上に担持されており、
前記カソード電解質は、前記カソード触媒および前記カソード触媒担持体を被覆しており、
前記カソード電解質は、SnO2、NH3、H2O、およびH3PO4から構成され、
NH3/SnO2によって表されるモル比をX、P/Snで表されるモル比をYとしたとき、Xは0.2以上5以下であり、Yは1.6以上3以下である、燃料電池。
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CN201080023864.5A CN102449827B (zh) | 2010-01-27 | 2010-11-25 | 使用燃料电池的发电方法以及燃料电池 |
JP2011513180A JP4792547B2 (ja) | 2010-01-27 | 2010-11-25 | 燃料電池を用いる発電方法および燃料電池 |
US13/219,303 US8216741B2 (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2011-08-26 | Method for generating an electric power with use of a fuel cell and a fuel cell |
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JP2003331869A (ja) * | 2002-05-14 | 2003-11-21 | Hitachi Ltd | プロトン伝導性材料 |
JP2005294245A (ja) * | 2004-04-03 | 2005-10-20 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | プロトン伝導体および燃料電池 |
WO2010131301A1 (ja) * | 2009-05-11 | 2010-11-18 | パナソニック株式会社 | プロトン伝導性ゲルを用いた燃料電池、およびその製造方法、ならびに発電方法 |
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JPH01257129A (ja) * | 1988-04-04 | 1989-10-13 | Taki Chem Co Ltd | 導電性材料 |
JP2002080214A (ja) * | 2000-09-08 | 2002-03-19 | Tsutomu Minami | ホスホシリケートゲル、プロトン伝導性材料および製造法 |
JP4642342B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-28 | 2011-03-02 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社 | プロトン伝導体および燃料電池 |
WO2006085446A1 (ja) | 2005-02-09 | 2006-08-17 | Techno Screw Co., Ltd. | プロトン伝導性ハイドロゲル、該プロトン伝導性ハイドロゲルを用いたプロトン伝導体及びプロトン伝導性ハイドロゲルの製造方法 |
JP4747365B2 (ja) | 2006-03-31 | 2011-08-17 | 学校法人同志社 | 高プロトン伝導性複合体 |
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JP2003331869A (ja) * | 2002-05-14 | 2003-11-21 | Hitachi Ltd | プロトン伝導性材料 |
JP2005294245A (ja) * | 2004-04-03 | 2005-10-20 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | プロトン伝導体および燃料電池 |
WO2010131301A1 (ja) * | 2009-05-11 | 2010-11-18 | パナソニック株式会社 | プロトン伝導性ゲルを用いた燃料電池、およびその製造方法、ならびに発電方法 |
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CN102449827B (zh) | 2014-08-13 |
JP4792547B2 (ja) | 2011-10-12 |
US20120052409A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
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