WO2011083798A1 - 波長分散を検出する方法及び装置並びに波長分散を補償する方法及び装置 - Google Patents
波長分散を検出する方法及び装置並びに波長分散を補償する方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011083798A1 WO2011083798A1 PCT/JP2011/050040 JP2011050040W WO2011083798A1 WO 2011083798 A1 WO2011083798 A1 WO 2011083798A1 JP 2011050040 W JP2011050040 W JP 2011050040W WO 2011083798 A1 WO2011083798 A1 WO 2011083798A1
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- chromatic dispersion
- dispersion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
- H04B10/077—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
- H04B10/0775—Performance monitoring and measurement of transmission parameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/33—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face
- G01M11/338—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face by measuring dispersion other than PMD, e.g. chromatic dispersion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
- H04B10/2513—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion
- H04B10/25133—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion including a lumped electrical or optical dispersion compensator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2210/00—Indexing scheme relating to optical transmission systems
- H04B2210/07—Monitoring an optical transmission system using a supervisory signal
- H04B2210/074—Monitoring an optical transmission system using a supervisory signal using a superposed, over-modulated signal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to chromatic dispersion measurement and compensation in optical communication, and more particularly to so-called in-service chromatic dispersion measurement in which chromatic dispersion is simultaneously measured while performing data transmission in an optical fiber communication system, and its The present invention relates to dispersion compensation using chromatic dispersion measurement results.
- an optical fiber as a transmission line has chromatic dispersion as its characteristic, and waveform distortion generated in an optical signal due to the chromatic dispersion is a factor that limits a transmission speed and a transmission distance. . Therefore, there is a need for a technique for accurately measuring chromatic dispersion in an optical fiber that is a transmission line and adjusting the chromatic dispersion to be substantially zero according to the measurement result.
- An adjustment technique for making chromatic dispersion substantially zero is, for example, known as equalization or dispersion compensation.
- the wavelength dispersion is sometimes simply referred to as “dispersion”.
- both ends of a transmission line are located away from each other, and the dispersion of the optical fiber changes according to temperature and external pressure. Need to be done during system operation.
- the PM-AM conversion method is used as the far-end measurement method, and monitor light of a wavelength different from that of signal transmission is used to detect dispersion in the transmission line during system operation.
- the PM-AM conversion method uses the principle that when phase-modulated monitor light is transmitted, the phase-modulated (PM) monitor light is converted into amplitude modulation (AM) due to the influence of dispersion.
- the first related technology is, for example, Shoichiro Kuwahara et al., “Examination of adaptive dispersion equalization method by dispersion fluctuation detection using PM-AM conversion effect”, 1998 IEICE Communication Society Proceedings, p. 417, IEICE, 1998 (Non-Patent Document 1).
- the first related technique will be described based on Kuwahara et al.
- FIG. 1 shows the system shown by Kuwahara et al.
- an optical coupler (CPL) 1412 combines the signal light from the optical transmitter (TX) 1400 to which a data signal having a large bit rate is applied and the monitor light, and the combined light is transmitted. It is sent to a transmission line 1404 such as an optical fiber.
- a laser light source 1401 having a wavelength different from that of the signal light
- a sine wave oscillator (SINE GEN) 1402 and a phase modulator (PHASE MOD) 1403 are provided.
- the phase modulator 1403 the light from the laser light source 1401 is phase-modulated by the sine wave signal from the sine wave oscillator 1402, thereby generating monitor light.
- the transmission path 1404 signal light and monitor light having a different wavelength from the signal light propagate. These two lights propagated through the transmission line 1404 enter a wavelength demultiplexer (CPL) 1405 at the receiving end.
- the wavelength demultiplexer 1405 demultiplexes the received light into signal light and monitor light.
- the signal light is incident on an optical receiver (RX) 1406, whereby a data signal is reproduced from the signal light.
- RX optical receiver
- the monitor light propagates through the dispersion compensator (CD COMP) 1407 and then enters the photodetector (PD) 1408. Since the photodetector 1408 performs square detection of the monitor light, the output of the photodetector 1408 is proportional to the amplitude modulation component in the monitor light.
- the output of the photodetector 1408 is provided with an average value measurement circuit (AVG) 1411 and a band pass filter (band pass filter; BPF) 1410, and thereby, the average of detection signals at the photodetector 1408.
- AVG average value measurement circuit
- BPF band pass filter
- the level and the intensity of the frequency component of the sine wave signal used for phase modulation on the transmission side are obtained.
- the control circuit 1409 obtains a dispersion value in the transmission path 1404 from the ratio between the average level of the detection signal and the intensity of the frequency component of the sine wave signal, and generates a control signal to be fed back to the transmission side.
- the control circuit 1409 determines whether or not the dispersion of the monitor light deviates from zero based on the ratio between the average level of the detection signal and the intensity of the frequency component of the sine wave signal.
- control circuit 1409 When detecting that the dispersion has deviated from zero, the control circuit 1409 transmits a control signal to the transmission side, so that the dispersion of the monitor light detected by the photodetector 1408 becomes zero, so that the wavelength of the monitor light becomes zero. Control to change is started.
- the transmission line dispersion in the monitor light becomes zero, so the wavelength control of the monitor light is performed here. Stop. Next, the wavelength of the signal light is shifted by the amount by which the wavelength of the monitor light at this time is shifted. Thereby, the dispersion can be made zero again for the signal light. In this way, according to the first related technique, it is possible to control the dispersion of the signal light wavelength to be zero by detecting that the dispersion of the monitor light is deviated from zero.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an optical signal after multiplexing when transmitting a data signal by wavelength multiplexing using two different wavelengths. It is disclosed that a dispersion value is monitored by superimposing a dispersion measurement signal on the receiver and detecting the measurement signal at the receiving end.
- the intensity modulation signal is wavelength-multiplexed using an intensity modulation signal as an in-service signal used for data transmission. Then, a sine wave signal phase-modulated with a pseudo-random code is used as the dispersion detection signal, and the signal is obtained by applying minute intensity modulation driven by the dispersion detection signal to the optical signal after wavelength multiplexing.
- the arrival time of the dispersion detection signal at the reception side differs between the two wavelengths used for signal transmission. Therefore, the dispersion detection signal is transmitted at each of the two wavelengths on the reception side.
- the variance can be detected by demodulating and detecting the time difference in the demodulated code. Further, since this technique uses a pseudo-random code, it has an advantage that the detection accuracy does not decrease even when the superimposition level of the dispersion detection signal cannot be increased.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a frame included in a data signal of each wavelength channel is always or with a short repetition time in an optical transmission system performing wavelength multiplexing. It is shown that the wavelength dependence of the transmission delay of the transmission path is measured and the chromatic dispersion is obtained by detecting and relatively comparing the frame phase for each wavelength channel.
- the wavelength region for monitor light cannot be used for signal light transmission, and there arises a problem that the transmission band is reduced when viewed as the entire transmission line.
- the main signal component is a signal component used for data transmission.
- a high frequency as a signal for dispersion detection.
- a low frequency signal it is necessary to use a low frequency signal.
- the third related technique is based on the assumption that wavelength multiplexing is performed, there is a problem that it cannot be applied to an optical transmission system in which wavelength multiplexing is not performed. Even in a wavelength multiplexing system, dispersion cannot be measured in a system in which the frame phase of the data signal for each wavelength channel is not strictly aligned on the transmission side.
- An exemplary object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus capable of detecting a wide range of chromatic dispersion that can occur in an optical transmission line, and thereby provide a method and apparatus for controlling chromatic dispersion. It is in.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus capable of detecting and controlling chromatic dispersion while performing actual data transmission.
- a method for monitoring chromatic dispersion is a method for monitoring chromatic dispersion when transmitting an optical signal, wherein n is set to 2 for an optical signal having a symbol rate of f.
- n is set to 2 for an optical signal having a symbol rate of f.
- a dip is applied to the light intensity every n symbols by pseudo RZ modulation, an optical signal to which the dip is applied is sent to the transmission line, and an optical signal transmitted through the transmission line is received, k is an integer equal to or greater than 1, detecting the intensity of the frequency component of k ⁇ f / n from the received signal, and generating a monitor signal representing the amount of chromatic dispersion based on the detected intensity.
- a method for equalizing chromatic dispersion is a method for equalizing chromatic dispersion when transmitting an optical signal, and for an optical signal having a symbol rate of f.
- N is an integer of 2 or more
- dip is applied to the light intensity every n symbols by pseudo RZ modulation
- the optical signal to which the dip is applied is sent to the transmission line
- K is an integer equal to or greater than 1
- the intensity of the frequency component of k ⁇ f / n is detected from the received signal
- a monitor signal representing the amount of chromatic dispersion is generated based on the detected intensity
- controlling an equalizer for equalizing the optical signal so that the value represented by the monitor signal is minimized.
- an apparatus for monitoring chromatic dispersion is an apparatus for monitoring chromatic dispersion when transmitting an optical signal, and for an optical signal having a symbol rate of f,
- n being an integer of 2 or more
- a dip is applied to the light intensity every n symbols
- a transmitter that transmits the optical signal to which the dip has been applied to the transmission line
- an optical signal transmitted through the transmission line Is a dispersion monitor that detects the intensity of the frequency component of k ⁇ f / n from the received signal, and generates a monitor signal representing the amount of chromatic dispersion based on the detected intensity. And having.
- an apparatus for equalizing chromatic dispersion is an apparatus for equalizing chromatic dispersion when transmitting an optical signal, wherein the optical signal has a symbol rate of f.
- n is an integer of 2 or more
- a dip is applied to the light intensity every n symbols by pseudo RZ modulation, and the transmitter transmits the optical signal to which the dip has been applied to the transmission line.
- the optical signal is received, k is an integer of 1 or more, the intensity of the frequency component of k ⁇ f / n is detected from the received signal, and a monitor signal indicating the chromatic dispersion amount is generated based on the detected intensity And a chromatic dispersion equalizer for equalizing the optical signal received from the transmission line so that the value represented by the monitor signal is minimized.
- n is an integer equal to or larger than 2 for an optical signal whose symbol rate is f, and a pseudo RZ modulation or pseudo RZ format
- a dip is applied to the light intensity every n symbols, and an optical signal to which the dip is applied is sent to the transmission line.
- pseudo RZ modulation the length of time during which the intensity of the optical signal is minimal in the dip is extremely short, so even if such a dip is added to the optical signal, the data From the viewpoint of transmission, the quality of the optical signal is maintained.
- the optical signal is transmitted so that the residual chromatic dispersion becomes zero.
- Signal equalization can be performed. According to such a method, the bandwidth for data transmission is not narrowed in order to detect chromatic dispersion.
- FIG. 2 and 3 illustrate an optical transmission system according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a configuration of a transmitter 100 used in the optical transmission system
- FIG. The configuration of a distributed monitor (CD MON) 200 that can be used in a pair with the transmitter 100 is shown.
- CD MON distributed monitor
- the optical transmission system shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 performs optical data transmission from the transmitter 100 to the receiving end via a transmission path composed of an optical fiber or the like, and performs optical data transmission.
- chromatic dispersion in the transmission path can be detected at the receiving end.
- a receiver that demodulates an optical signal and generates a data signal, and a dispersion monitor 200 that monitors the degree of chromatic dispersion in the received optical signal are provided.
- the transmitter 100 sends a single-polarization pseudo RZ (return-to-zero) signal to the transmission line, and includes a laser 110 that is a light source of the optical carrier 150, and an optical carrier 150.
- a modulator (MOD) 111 that modulates the optical signal 151, and a pseudo RZ carver that performs optical pulse carving on the modulated optical signal 151 and applies a dip every n symbols in the optical signal (carver) (PRZ (n)) 112, an encoder (coder) 120 that encodes an electrical signal indicating data to be transmitted, that is, a data signal 101 to generate digital data 160 for modulation, And a driver 121 that drives the modulator 111 based on the digital data 160.
- n is an arbitrary integer of 2 or more, and is 4, 8, or 16, for example.
- the driver 121 drives the modulator 111 by converting the digital data signal 160 into a signal 161 having an appropriate voltage and supplying it to the modulation input of the modulator 111. Accordingly, the modulator 111 modulates the optical carrier 150 based on the voltage signal 161.
- a clock signal 170 having the same frequency f as the symbol rate (i.e., baud rate) of the signal is supplied from the encoder 120 to the pseudo RZ carver 112.
- the pseudo RZ carver 112 applies a dip every n symbols to the modulated optical signal 151.
- the dip is to minimize the intensity of the optical signal 151 for a very short time, for example, to reduce the intensity of the optical signal to zero.
- the pseudo-RZ carver is, for example, E.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a frequency divider that divides the clock signal f by n, a D-type flip-flop that uses the output of the frequency divider as the D input, and the clock signal f as the clock input, And a phase modulator (PSK) that phase-modulates the optical signal by the output of the D-type flip-flop.
- PSK phase modulator
- the optical output is minimized at the position of the dip, and this can be regarded as a return-to-zero in the optical signal.
- the intensity or polarity of the signal is set to the intensity or polarity corresponding to the data value “0” over the half of the duration of one symbol.
- a dip that is sufficiently short compared to the time is added. For this reason, applying such a narrow dip to the optical signal using the pulse carving technique is called pseudo RZ modulation here.
- WO 2007/004338 Patent Document 3 discloses a technique that enables a clock signal to be easily extracted from an optical signal by using pseudo RZ modulation.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a clock by converting an optical signal of NRZ (non-return-to-zero) modulation into an optical signal of pseudo RZ modulation. A technique is shown that allows the signal to be easily extracted.
- the transmitter 100 outputs an optical signal 102 that is modulated by a modulator 111 by a data signal 101 that is an electrical signal, and is applied with a dip by pseudo RZ modulation every n symbols by a pseudo RZ carver 112. It is sent to the receiving end via the transmission line.
- the transmitter 100 is, for example, a 55 gigabit / second (Gb / s) PRZ (8) -QPSK (quadrature phase shift keying) transmitter.
- PRZ (8) indicates that a dip is applied every 8 symbols by the pseudo RZ (Pseudo-RZ) method.
- PRZ Pseudo-RZ
- the voltage signal 161 is a 27.5 GHz electrical signal corresponding to an I (in-phase) component and a Q (quadrature) component, respectively,
- the Q component is supplied in parallel to the modulator 111.
- the modulator 111 is a QPSK modulator, and in QPSK, one symbol is composed of 2 bits, and is supplied from the encoder 120 to the pseudo RZ carver 112.
- the frequency of the clock signal is also 27.5 GHz
- the intensity waveform of the QPSK-modulated optical signal 151 immediately after being output from the modulator 111 is shown in a graph 1110 in FIG. 12A.
- the optical signal 151 is a signal in the form of NRZ. It is shown that the duration of each symbol is 36.36 ps.
- the optical signal from the pseudo RZ carver 112 is shown by the graph 1130 in FIG. 12C.
- the dip due to the pseudo RZ is indicated by reference numeral 1131 in the graph 1130.
- the interval between dip 290.91 ps in the graph 1130 corresponds to a duration of 8 symbols.
- the optical signal 102 is a 55 gigabit / second PRZ (8) -QPSK signal.
- the 55 gigabits / second is described as “55G” in the graph.
- the result of the simulation performed on the intensity spectrum of such an optical signal is shown in a graph 1201 in FIG. 13A. Due to the clock component of the symbol rate, an intensity peak is observed in the vicinity of 28 GHz, and the frequency component in the vicinity of 28 GHz is more than 30 dB stronger than the surrounding frequency region. Further, by adding a dip every 8 symbols by pseudo RZ, an intensity peak is also seen at a frequency of 1/8 of the symbol rate, that is, 3.44 GHz, and its harmonic (harmonic) frequency. These intensity peaks are more than 20 dB stronger than the surrounding frequency components.
- a graph 1202 in FIG. 13B shows the result of a simulation performed on the intensity spectrum of a 56 Gbps / s NRZ-QPSK signal.
- a peak in the vicinity of 28 GHz corresponding to the symbol rate is observed, there is no peak in a lower frequency region, so it is difficult to detect a frequency component lower than 28 GHz directly from this signal.
- a simulation result for the intensity spectrum of the 56 Gbit / s RZ-QPSK signal in the normal RZ format is shown in a graph 1203 in FIG. 13C.
- a peak in the vicinity of 28 GHz is observed here as well, since there is no peak in a lower frequency region, it is difficult to directly detect and detect a frequency component lower than 28 GHz from this signal.
- a peak exists in the vicinity of 28 GHz the intensity is smaller in the frequency region near the peak than in other frequency regions.
- the dispersion monitor 200 detects a frequency component applied by pseudo RZ modulation from an incident optical signal, and generates an electric signal 202 representing a chromatic dispersion value.
- the dispersion monitor 200 receives two signals: a photodiode (PD) 210 that receives an input optical signal 201 and converts it into an electric signal 250, and an electric signal 250 output from the photodiode 210.
- a chromatic dispersion value is calculated based on a branching device (DIV) 211 that branches to 251 and 261, a band-pass filter (BPF) 215 that receives the signal 251, and the signal 261 and the output signal 255 of the band-pass filter 215.
- DIV branching device
- BPF band-pass filter
- An optical signal 201 incident on the photodiode 210 that is a light receiving element is an optical signal to which a dip is applied by pseudo RZ modulation on the transmission side.
- the photodiode 210 outputs an electric signal 250 representing the intensity of the optical signal 201.
- the electric signal 250 is supplied to the monitor circuit 230 as the signal 261 via the branching device 211 and supplied to the band-pass filter 215 as the signal 251. Is done.
- the branching ratio between the two signals 251 and 261 in the branching device 211 is fixed to a constant value.
- Other types of light receiving elements can be used instead of the photodiodes.
- the band pass filter 215 uses k as a natural number equal to or greater than 1 and f as the frequency of the clock signal 170 in the transmitter 100, that is, the symbol rate in the optical signal 201.
- a frequency component is extracted, and a signal 255 representing the intensity of the extracted frequency component is generated.
- n corresponds to inserting a dip every n symbols by the pseudo RZ in the transmitter 100.
- the intensity ratio of the dip frequency component to the entire optical signal 201 changes.
- the change of the intensity ratio with respect to the chromatic dispersion amount can be calculated by simulation, for example. In other words, if the ratio of the intensity of the dip frequency component (or its harmonic component) to the overall intensity of the electrical signal 250 generated by receiving the optical signal 201 can be obtained, the amount of chromatic dispersion can be determined.
- the monitor circuit 230 obtains the ratio of the intensity of the signal 255 corresponding to the dip frequency component to the intensity of the signal 261 corresponding to the entire band in the optical signal 201, and based on the value of the ratio, in the transmission of the optical signal 201 A chromatic dispersion value is calculated.
- a chromatic dispersion value may be determined based on the calculated intensity ratio using a lookup table based on the simulation result.
- the lookup table is stored in a storage medium such as a nonvolatile semiconductor memory built in the monitor circuit 230.
- the intensity of the signal 261 is always constant, in other words, if it is known that the intensity of the optical signal 201 is always constant, the signal 255 is not used.
- the monitor circuit 230 calculates the average power of the optical signal 201 using the signal 261 and calculates the chromatic dispersion value based on the average power. .
- the optical signal 201 is a 56-Gigabit / second PRZ (4) -QPSK signal
- n 4 and the symbol rate f is 28 GHz.
- the dispersion monitor 200 obtains a dispersion value from the frequency component of 1 ⁇ 4 of the symbol rate, and the dispersion value is obtained.
- a graph 1310 in FIG. 14A shows a simulation result for determining how the intensity ratio of the dip frequency component changes with respect to the value of the chromatic dispersion CD.
- the intensity ratio changes monotonously when the chromatic dispersion is in the range of ⁇ 400 to 0 ps / nm, and also changes monotonously in the range of 0 to +400 ps / nm. Therefore, the monitor circuit 230 can monitor the chromatic dispersion over a wide range of ⁇ 400 ps / nm when the absolute value of the chromatic dispersion is not known but the code is known. In addition, if the chromatic dispersion is intentionally changed in the positive direction or the negative direction and the signal 202 is changed at that time, the sign of the chromatic dispersion can be known. Using this, the actual value of chromatic dispersion can be obtained.
- FIG. 4 shows the configuration of a transmitter used in the second exemplary embodiment, which outputs a polarization multiplexed pseudo RZ optical signal
- FIG. 5 shows the dispersion used in the second exemplary embodiment.
- 1 shows a configuration of a dispersion monitor that receives a polarization multiplexed pseudo RZ optical signal, detects a plurality of frequency components applied in a pseudo RZ format, and generates a signal representing a chromatic dispersion value.
- Transmitter 300 outputs a polarization multiplexed signal that has been subjected to pseudo RZ modulation and added with a dip.
- the transmitter 300 includes a laser 310 that is a light source of a transmitting optical carrier 350, a polarization preserving coupler (PM CPL) 313 that branches the optical carrier 350 while preserving polarization, and one of the polarization preserving coupler 313.
- PM CPL polarization preserving coupler
- the transmitter 300 further includes an encoder 320 and drivers 321 and 322 for modulation.
- the polarization preserving coupler 313 divides the optical carrier 350 into two to generate two optical carriers 353 and 354 having the same polarization state.
- the encoder 320 generates modulation digital data 360 and 362 for each polarization from an electric signal indicating data to be transmitted, that is, the data signal 301, and the drivers 321 and 322 are digital data 360 and 362. Are converted into voltage signals 361 and 363 having appropriate voltages, respectively.
- the modulators 311 and 316 modulate the optical carriers 353 and 354 based on the voltage signals 361 and 363, respectively, and output them as optical signals 351 and 356.
- the encoder 320 supplies clock signals 370 and 371 having the same frequency as the symbol rate to the pseudo RZ carvers 312 and 317, respectively.
- the pseudo RZ carver 312 applies a dip every n symbols to the optical signal 351 by pseudo RZ modulation, and the pseudo RZ carver 317 A dip is applied to the signal 356 every m symbols.
- the polarization rotator 315 rotates the polarization of the optical signal 357 so that the polarization of the optical signal 357 from the pseudo RZ carver 317 is orthogonal to the polarization of the optical signal 352 from the pseudo RZ carver 312. Control to output as 355 is performed. As a result, the optical signal 352 and the optical signal 355 are orthogonally polarized with each other, and these are polarization multiplexed by the polarization beam combiner 316 and output as the optical signal 302.
- the optical signal 302 output from the transmitter 300 is modulated by the modulators 311 and 316 by the data signal 301, and a pseudo RZ dip is applied to each polarized wave by the pseudo RZ carvers 312 and 317 for every n and m symbols, respectively.
- the signal is polarization multiplexed.
- the transmitter 300 is a 110 gigabit / second PRZ (4,8) -QPSK transmitter.
- the electrical signal 361 is a 27.5 GHz electrical signal composed of an I component signal and a Q component signal corresponding to one polarization
- the electrical signal 363 is It is an electric signal of 27.5 GHz composed of an I component signal and a Q component signal corresponding to a wave.
- Each of the modulators 311 and 316 is a QPSK modulator that receives an I component signal and a Q component signal.
- Clock signals 370 and 371 each having a frequency of 27.5 GHz are supplied from the encoder 320 to the pseudo RZ carvers 312 and 317.
- the pseudo RZ carver 312 applies a dip to the intensity of the optical signal 351 every 8 symbols
- the pseudo RZ carver 317 applies a dip to the intensity of the optical signal 356 every 4 symbols.
- the intensity waveforms of the optical signals 351 and 356 that have been QPSK-modulated by the modulators 311 and 316 are those shown in the graph 1110 of FIG. 12A described above.
- the intensity waveform of the optical signal 352 from the pseudo RZ carver 312 is shown in a graph 1130 in FIG. 12C, and the dip here is indicated by reference numeral 1121.
- the intensity waveform of the optical signal 355 from the pseudo RZ carver 317 is shown in the graph 1120 of FIG. 12B, and the dip here is indicated by reference numeral 1121.
- a polarization multiplexed signal 302 is generated by polarization multiplexing two optical signals 351 and 356 whose intensity waveforms are shown in the graph 1120 of FIG. 12B and the graph 1130 of FIG. 12C, respectively.
- the intensity waveform is as shown in the graph 1140 of FIG. 12D.
- reference numeral 1141 indicates a deep dip resulting from the overlap of the dip every four symbols (PRZ (4)) and the dip every eight symbols (PRZ (8)), and reference numeral 1142 indicates a dip every four symbols. Is shown.
- the dispersion monitor (CD MON) 400 detects a plurality of frequency components applied by pseudo RZ modulation from an incident optical signal 401 and generates an electric signal 402 representing a chromatic dispersion value.
- the optical signal 401 is a signal to which a dip based on the pseudo RZ format is added.
- the optical signal 401 is an optical signal generated by the transmitter 300 illustrated in FIG. 4 and transmitted through a transmission line such as an optical fiber.
- the optical signal 401 may be generated by a transmitter other than that shown in FIG. 4 if the dip due to a plurality of frequency components is a signal applied by the pseudo RZ.
- the dispersion monitor 400 includes a photodiode 410 that receives an optical signal 401 and converts the optical signal into an electric signal, k + 1 branching devices 420 to 42k, and k bandpass filters, where k is an integer of 2 or more. 451 to 45k and a monitor circuit 411 that actually generates an electric signal representing the dispersion measurement value. k indicates how many frequency components the optical signal 401 is applied with a dip.
- the band pass filters 451 to 45k extract components having different frequencies f1 to fk, respectively.
- the components of the frequencies f1 to fk are referred to as the f1 frequency component to the fk frequency component, respectively.
- the electric signal 403 is input to the first-stage branching device (DIV) 420, and the signal 430 Branches to signal 431.
- the signal 430 is directly supplied to the monitor circuit 411.
- the signal 431 is input to the next branching device (DIV1) 421 and branched into a signal 441 and a signal 432.
- the signal 441 is supplied to the band-pass filter 451.
- the band-pass filter 451 extracts the f1 frequency component from the signal 441 and generates a signal 461 representing the intensity of the component.
- the frequency f1 is the frequency of the dip applied by the pseudo RZ in the signal 401.
- the signal 432 is input to the next branching unit (DIV2) 422 and branched into a signal 442 and a signal 433.
- the signal 442 is supplied to the band pass filter 452, and the signal 433 is further input to the next branching device (DIV 3) 423.
- the band pass filter 452 extracts the f2 frequency component from the signal 442 and generates a signal 462 representing the intensity of the component.
- the frequency f2 is also the frequency of the dip applied by the pseudo RZ in the signal 401.
- the final branching device 42k receives the signal 43k, outputs the signal 44k to the kth band-pass filter 45k that extracts the fk frequency component and generates the signal 46k representing the intensity of the component. To do. Since there is no longer any branching device after the branching device 42k, the signal 43k may be directly supplied to the band pass filter 45k as the signal 46k without providing the final branching device 42k.
- the monitor circuit 411 calculates the chromatic dispersion value in the transmission of the optical signal 401 based on the ratio of the intensity of the signals 461 to 46k to the intensity of the signal 430. Actually, it is preferable to obtain the chromatic dispersion value by using, for example, a look-up table instead of performing the calculation. The principle for obtaining the chromatic dispersion value here is the same as in the case of the first exemplary embodiment.
- the monitor circuit 411 uses the signal 430 to calculate the average power of the optical signal 401, and uses the calculated average power and the intensity of the signals 461 to 46k.
- the chromatic dispersion value can be determined from the intensities of the signals 461 to 46k without using the signal 430.
- the optical signal 401 is a polarization multiplexed 112 gigabit / second PRZ (4,8) -QPSK signal
- 14A to 14E show simulation results of changes in the f1 frequency component and the f2 frequency component with respect to the chromatic dispersion in such a case.
- the graph 1320 of FIG. 14B shows how the intensity ratio of the signal 461 of the f1 frequency component to the signal 430 changes with respect to the chromatic dispersion
- the graph 1330 of FIG. 14C shows the signal 462 of the f2 frequency component relative to the signal 430. It shows how the intensity ratio changes with respect to chromatic dispersion.
- the signal 462 is used to detect chromatic dispersion in a high range of ⁇ 1000 ps / nm. And chromatic dispersion can be monitored. Further, when the chromatic dispersion is within a range of ⁇ 400 ps / nm, the chromatic dispersion can be monitored with higher accuracy by using the graph 1320 showing a larger change amount with respect to the chromatic dispersion.
- the monitor circuit 411 may generate the electrical signal 402 representing the highly accurate chromatic dispersion value.
- f1 f / 8 as the f1 frequency component corresponding to the signal 461.
- a graph 1350 in FIG. 14E shows a simulation result of the intensity of these signals 461 to 463 with respect to chromatic dispersion. Curve 1351 represents the result for signal 461, curve 1352 represents the result for signal 462, and curve 1353 represents the simulation result for signal 463.
- the signal 461 When the sign of chromatic dispersion is known, if the signal 461 is used, the signal intensity changes monotonously with respect to the chromatic dispersion, so that the chromatic dispersion can be monitored over a wide range of ⁇ 1000 ps / nm. Also, when the chromatic dispersion is within the range of ⁇ 400 ps / nm, the signal 462 is used, and when the chromatic dispersion is within the range of ⁇ 100 ps / nm, the signal 463 is used to monitor the chromatic dispersion. You can also
- FIG. 6 shows an optical transmission / reception system in the third exemplary embodiment.
- the transponder 500 includes a transmission unit (TX PRZ) 501, a reception unit (RX) 502, a dispersion monitor (CD MON) 503, and a coupler (CPL) 504.
- the transmission unit 501 modulates an optical carrier with an electric signal 511 indicating data to be transmitted, further applies a dip to the carrier intensity by pseudo RZ to the modulated optical carrier, and transmits an optical signal 512.
- the transmitter 100 demonstrated using the transmitter 100 demonstrated using FIG. 2, or the transmitter 300 demonstrated using FIG. 4 can be used, for example.
- the optical signal 516 received by the transponder 500 is branched into two by the coupler 504, one being distributed to the receiving unit 502 and the other being distributed to the dispersion monitor 503.
- the receiving unit 502 receives an incoming optical signal, demodulates it, and converts it into an electrical signal 517.
- the dispersion monitor 503 monitors the chromatic dispersion of the received optical signal, and generates an electrical signal indicating the value of chromatic dispersion, that is, a monitor signal 521.
- the dispersion monitor 503 for example, the dispersion monitor 200 described with reference to FIG. 3 or the dispersion monitor 400 described with reference to FIG. 5 can be used.
- this optical transmission / reception system is provided with a transponder 530 which is the same device as the transponder 500.
- the transponder 530 outputs an optical signal 542 having a wavelength different from that of the optical signal 512 based on an electrical signal 541 indicating data to be transmitted.
- the wavelength of the optical signal 546 received by the transponder 530 is also different from that of the optical signal 516.
- the transponder 530 Based on the received optical signal 546, the transponder 530 generates an electrical signal 547 indicating received data and outputs a monitor signal 551 representing chromatic dispersion included in the optical signal 546.
- An optical multiplexer (MUX) 560 that wavelength-multiplexes the optical signals 512 and 542 transmitted from the transponders 500 and 530, respectively, is provided, and the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal 513 is transmitted to the transmission line. Further, more transponders may be provided, and optical signals from these transponders may be wavelength-multiplexed by the optical multiplexer 560.
- an optical signal 514 generated by a transponder similar to the transponders 500 and 530 and wavelength-multiplexed is sent.
- An optical demultiplexer (DEMUX) 561 for separating the optical signal 514 for each wavelength is provided, and the optical signals 515 and 545 separated for each wavelength are respectively variable wavelength dispersion equalizers (VAR CD COMP) 520. , 550 and received by multiplexers 500 and 530 as optical signals 516 and 546.
- VAR CD COMP variable wavelength dispersion equalizers
- the variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 520 is controlled by a monitor signal 521 from the multiplexer 500
- the variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 550 is controlled by a monitor signal 551 from the multiplexer 530.
- the transmission unit 501 of the transponder 500 has the same configuration as the transmitter 100 using pseudo RZ modulation shown in FIG. 2, and generates a 56-Gigabit / second PRZ (8) -QPSK signal.
- the transponder 530 may also consist of a similar transmitter and distributed monitor.
- the variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 520 is controlled so that the monitor signal 521 indicating the chromatic dispersion is minimized. As shown in the graph 1330 of FIG. 14C, if the residual chromatic dispersion in the optical signal 515 from the demultiplexer 561 is within ⁇ 1000 ps / nm, the amount of dispersion can be accurately determined, and based on this, the variable wavelength can be determined. By controlling the dispersion equalizer 520, the residual chromatic dispersion in the optical signal received by the receiving unit 502 can be made zero. Therefore, the quality of the data signal 517 output from the receiving unit 502 is optimal.
- the data signal 517 is an electric signal.
- the residual chromatic dispersion in the optical signal 515 can be equalized.
- the variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 550 By executing the same control on the variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 550, the residual chromatic dispersion in the optical signal 545 can be equalized.
- the transmission unit 501 of the transponder 500 has the same configuration as the transmitter 100 using pseudo RZ modulation shown in FIG. 2, and generates a 56-Gigabit / second PRZ (8) -QPSK signal.
- the transponder 530 may also consist of a similar transmitter and distributed monitor.
- variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 520 is controlled so that the monitor signal 521 indicating the chromatic dispersion is minimized. As shown in the graph 1350 of FIG. 14E, if the residual chromatic dispersion in the optical signal 515 is within ⁇ 1000 ps / nm, the amount of dispersion can be accurately determined, and based on this, variable chromatic dispersion equalization is performed. By controlling the device 520, the residual chromatic dispersion in the optical signal received by the receiving unit 502 can be made zero, and the quality of the data signal 517 can be optimized.
- the monitor signal 521 is generated using information from the f1 frequency component in the initial stage of control, and first, the residual chromatic dispersion is suppressed within ⁇ 400 ps / nm. Next, a monitor signal 521 is generated based on information from the f2 frequency component, and chromatic dispersion is suppressed to ⁇ 100 ps / nm. After that, if information such as the f3 frequency component is used to track a minute change in the residual chromatic dispersion, the chromatic dispersion can be compensated with high accuracy. By adopting such range switching, an optimum dynamic range for equalizing chromatic dispersion can be selected.
- the residual chromatic dispersion in the optical signal 515 can be equalized.
- the residual chromatic dispersion in the optical signal 545 can be equalized.
- the transmission unit 501 of the transponder 500 has the same configuration as that of the polarization multiplexed pseudo RZ transmitter 300 shown in FIG. 4 and has a polarization multiplexed 112 gigabit / second PRZ (4,8) -QPSK. Generate a signal.
- the transponder 530 may also consist of a similar transmitter and distributed monitor.
- variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 520 is controlled so that the monitor signal 521 indicating the chromatic dispersion is minimized.
- the monitor signal 521 is generated using information from the f1 frequency component in the initial stage of control, and first, the residual chromatic dispersion is suppressed within ⁇ 400 ps / nm.
- the monitor signal 521 is generated based on the information from the f2 frequency component, and finer control is performed.
- the optimum dynamic range can be selected.
- the residual chromatic dispersion in the optical signal 515 can be equalized.
- the residual chromatic dispersion in the optical signal 545 can be equalized.
- FIG. 7 shows an optical transmission / reception system in the fourth exemplary embodiment.
- the transponder 600 has the same configuration as that of the transponder 500 shown in FIG. 6, modulates an optical carrier with an electric signal 611 indicating data to be transmitted to the other party, and performs pseudo RZ on the modulated optical carrier.
- a dip is applied to the carrier intensity to transmit an optical signal 512, and an optical signal 615 from the other party is received and a data signal 617 is output as an electrical signal.
- the transponder 600 also outputs a monitor signal 660 indicating the measured dispersion value.
- a transponder 630 that is the same device as the transponder 600 is also provided. However, the transponder 630 outputs an optical signal 642 having a wavelength different from that of the optical signal 612 based on an electrical signal 641 indicating data to be transmitted.
- the transponder 630 receives an optical signal 645 having a wavelength different from that of the optical signal 615, generates an electric signal 647 indicating received data based on the optical signal 645, and generates a monitor signal 661 indicating chromatic dispersion included in the optical signal 645. Output.
- An optical multiplexer (MUX) 660 for wavelength-multiplexing the optical signals 612 and 642 transmitted from the transponders 600 and 630, respectively, is provided, and the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal 613 is sent to the transmission line. Further, more transponders may be provided, and optical signals from these transponders may be wavelength-multiplexed by the optical multiplexer 660.
- an optical signal 633 generated by a transponder similar to the transponders 600 and 630 and wavelength-multiplexed is sent.
- An optical demultiplexer (DEMUX) 661 for separating the optical signal 633 for each wavelength is provided, and the optical signals 615 and 645 separated for each wavelength are received by the multiplexers 600 and 630, respectively.
- variable wavelength dispersion equalizer (VAR CD COMP) 664 is provided between the demultiplexer 651 and the transmission line, and the optical signal 633 from the transmission line is a variable wavelength dispersion equalizer. By passing through 664, chromatic dispersion is compensated collectively for a plurality of wavelength channels.
- a variable wavelength dispersion equalizer 664 for example, S.
- a control circuit 662 is provided to control the variable wavelength dispersion equalizer 664. Based on the monitor signal 660 from the transponder 600 and the monitor signal 661 from the transponder 630, the control circuit 662 is a residual wavelength at both the wavelength of the received optical signal of the transponder 600 and the wavelength of the received optical signal of the transponder 630.
- the variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 664 is controlled by the control signal 663 so that the dispersion becomes zero.
- the transmission unit of the transponder 600 has the same configuration as the transmitter 100 using pseudo RZ modulation shown in FIG. 2, and generates a 56-Gigabit / second PRZ (16) -QPSK signal.
- the transponder 630 may also consist of a similar transmitter and distributed monitor.
- the control circuit 662 generates the control signal 663 and controls the variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 664 so that the monitor signal 661 indicating the chromatic dispersion is minimized.
- the control circuit 662 controls the variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 664 so that the monitor signal 661 indicating the chromatic dispersion is minimized.
- the control circuit 662 controls the variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 664 so that the monitor signal 661 indicating the chromatic dispersion is minimized.
- the control circuit 662 controls the variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 664 so that the monitor signal 661 indicating the chromatic dispersion is minimized.
- the control circuit 662 controls the variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 664 so that the monitor signal 661 indicating the chromatic dispersion is minimized.
- the control circuit 662 controls the variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 664 so that the monitor signal 661 indicating the chromatic dispersion is minimized.
- the control circuit 662 controls
- the transmission unit of the transponder 600 has the same configuration as the transmitter 100 using pseudo RZ modulation shown in FIG. 2, and generates a 56-Gigabit / second PRZ (8) -QPSK signal.
- the transponder 630 may also consist of a similar transmitter and distributed monitor.
- variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 664 is controlled so that the monitor signal 660 is minimized.
- the monitor signal 660 is generated using information from the f1 frequency component in the initial stage of control, and first, the residual chromatic dispersion is suppressed within ⁇ 400 ps / nm.
- a monitor signal 660 is generated based on information from the f2 frequency component, and chromatic dispersion is suppressed to ⁇ 100 ps / nm. After that, if information such as the f3 frequency component is used to track a minute change in the residual chromatic dispersion, the chromatic dispersion can be compensated with high accuracy. By adopting such range switching, an optimum dynamic range for equalizing chromatic dispersion can be selected. Further, even when the chromatic dispersion of the optical signal 633 received from the transmission path changes with time, the residual chromatic dispersion in the optical signal 615 can be equalized. By executing the same control, the residual chromatic dispersion in the optical signal 645 can be equalized.
- the transmission unit of the transponder 600 has the same configuration as that of the polarization multiplexed pseudo RZ transmitter 300 shown in FIG. 4, and is a polarization multiplexed 112 gigabit / second PRZ (4,8) -QPSK signal. Is generated.
- the transponder 630 may also consist of a similar transmitter and distributed monitor.
- variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 664 is controlled so that the monitor signal 661 indicating the chromatic dispersion is minimized.
- the monitor signal 660 is generated using information from the f1 frequency component in the initial stage of control, and first, the residual chromatic dispersion is suppressed within ⁇ 400 ps / nm.
- the monitor signal 660 is generated based on the information from the f2 frequency component, and finer control is performed. By adopting such range switching, the optimum dynamic range can be selected. Even when the chromatic dispersion of the optical signal 633 received from the transmission path changes with time, the residual chromatic dispersion in the optical signal 615 can be equalized. By executing the same control for the variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 664, the residual chromatic dispersion in the optical signal 645 can be equalized.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the configuration of the transponder in this exemplary embodiment.
- the transponder 700 roughly includes a transmission unit (TX PRZ) 701 and a reception unit 702.
- the transmission unit 701 modulates an optical carrier with a data signal 711 that is an electrical signal indicating data to be transmitted, and uses a pseudo RZ modulation technique on the modulated optical carrier, thereby dipsing the intensity of the optical carrier.
- the optical signal 712 is generated by application, and the optical signal 712 is transmitted.
- the receiving unit 702 receives the optical signal 716, coherently detects and demodulates it, outputs an electric signal 717 as received data, monitors the chromatic dispersion in the optical signal 716, and based on the result, determines the chromatic dispersion. Equalization is performed.
- Such a receiving unit includes a coherent receiving module (COH RX) 750, a laser 751 provided as a local oscillator (LO), and an analog / digital conversion that converts an analog electric signal output from the coherent receiving module 750 into a digital signal. And a digital signal processing unit 752 that performs signal processing on the digitized received signal.
- a dip is applied to the intensity for every n symbols by using the pseudo RZ modulation method, as in the above-described exemplary embodiments.
- the coherent reception module 750 includes a 90-degree hybrid and four balanced photodiodes, and the incident optical signal 716 is mixed with the local oscillation light from the laser 751 and subjected to coherent detection.
- Four output analog signals from the coherent reception module 750, that is, reception signals are converted into digital signals by the analog / digital converter 752 and supplied to the digital signal processing unit 760.
- the digital signal processing unit 760 includes a dispersion compensator (CD COMP) 720 that compensates for chromatic dispersion by FIR (finite impulse response) filter calculation, and a chromatic dispersion monitor that detects chromatic dispersion based on the output from the dispersion compensator 720.
- Unit 703 a polarization separation calculation unit (CMA) 761 that performs polarization separation calculation on the output from the dispersion compensation unit 720, and an output from the polarization separation calculation unit 761 connected to the signal after polarization separation.
- CMA polarization separation calculation unit
- the output of the dispersion compensator 720 is branched and provided to the chromatic dispersion monitor 703 and the polarization separation calculator 761.
- the polarization separation calculation unit 761 executes polarization separation calculation by CMA (Constant Modulus Algorithm).
- the frequency difference compensation unit 763 performs compensation of the carrier frequency difference between the local oscillation light 751 and the received optical signal 716 by a CPE (Carrier Phase Estimation) algorithm.
- the output from the demodulator 764 is a data signal 717 that is an electrical signal representing the received data.
- the chromatic dispersion monitor unit 703 detects residual chromatic dispersion, generates a monitor signal 733 representing a residual dispersion value, and controls chromatic dispersion compensation in the dispersion compensator 720 by the monitor signal 733.
- the tap coefficient of the FIR filter in the dispersion compensator 720 is set so that the residual dispersion value represented by the monitor signal 733 is minimized.
- the same signal as the monitor signal 733 is supplied to the outside of the transponder 700 as the monitor signal 732.
- the monitor signal 732 can be used to perform chromatic dispersion compensation outside the transponder 700, for example.
- the chromatic dispersion monitor unit 703 performs an absolute value calculation unit (MODULUS) 730 that calculates an absolute value, and analyzes the output of the absolute value calculation unit 730 by fast Fourier transform (FFT (Fast Fourier Transform)). And an FFT analyzer (FFT) 731 for generating a monitor signal 733.
- FFT Fast Fourier transform
- FFT FFT analyzer
- the FFT analysis unit 731 performs a Fourier transform on the output of the absolute value calculation unit 730 using an FFT algorithm, and the frequency component equal to the frequency of the dip by the pseudo RZ modulation applied to the optical signal 716 or a harmonic thereof.
- the intensity of the frequency component is calculated, the value of chromatic dispersion is calculated by the same procedure as in the above exemplary embodiment, and the monitor signal 733 is generated.
- the FFT analysis unit 731 holds a lookup table indicating the relationship between the magnitude of chromatic dispersion and the intensity of the selected frequency component, searches this lookup table from the intensity of the selected frequency component, and determines the value of residual chromatic dispersion. Should be requested.
- the lookup table is stored in a storage medium such as a memory device attached to the digital signal processing unit 760, for example.
- the tap coefficient of the FIR filter in the dispersion compensation unit 720 is set so that the value of the monitor signal 732 supplied from the chromatic dispersion monitor unit 703 to the dispersion compensation unit 720 is minimized, the signal to be demodulated As a result, the influence of residual chromatic dispersion becomes zero, and as a result, the quality of the data signal 717 output from the demodulator 764 becomes optimum.
- Such a transponder 700 can be used as, for example, the transponders 500 and 530 in the optical transmission / reception system shown in FIG. 6, and can also be used as the transponders 600 and 630 in the optical transmission / reception system shown in FIG.
- a transmitter, a distributed monitor, a transponder, and the like based on an exemplary embodiment of the present invention have been described. These transmitters or transponders are arranged on the transmitting side, distributed monitors or transponders are arranged on the receiving side, and the receiving side and the transmitting side are connected by a transmission line such as an optical fiber.
- a transmission line such as an optical fiber.
- An optical transmission system capable of detecting chromatic dispersion on the receiving side can be configured.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of the configuration of an optical transmission system that can detect chromatic dispersion that can occur in the transmission path.
- a transmitter (TX PRZ) 810 is provided on the transmission side.
- the transmitter 810 modulates an optical carrier with an electric signal 801 representing data to be transmitted, and further applies a dip every n symbols by pseudo RZ modulation to the modulated optical carrier in the same manner as described above.
- the optical signal 820 thus modulated and applied with a dip is transmitted to the receiving side via the transmission line 821.
- the transmitter 810 is configured to change the transmission wavelength in the optical signal 820 to be transmitted, that is, the wavelength of the optical carrier.
- the transmitter 100 shown in FIG. 2 or the transmitter 300 shown in FIG. 4 can be used.
- the transmission path 821 includes one or a plurality of spans connected in series, and a symbol 83k is used as a representative of such spans.
- Each span 83k includes an optical fiber 84k and an optical amplifier 85k that optically amplifies the optical signal transmitted through the optical fiber 84k and transmits the optical signal toward the receiving side.
- a coupler (CPL) 811 that branches the optical signal 822 transmitted through the transmission line 821 into two optical signals 803 and 804, receives the optical signal 804, detects chromatic dispersion, and sets the detected value.
- a distributed monitor (CD MON) 812 that outputs a corresponding monitor signal 802.
- the optical signal 803 is supplied to a receiver (RX) 850 that receives the optical signal, demodulates it, and outputs a data signal 851. Since the receiver 850 is generally used in an optical communication system or an optical communication network, a detailed configuration thereof will not be described here. Alternatively, the optical signal 803 may be transmitted via another transmission line.
- the dispersion monitor 812 the dispersion monitor 200 shown in FIG. 3 or the dispersion monitor 400 shown in FIG. 5 can be used.
- An operator or system that monitors the transmission path 821 can use the monitor signal 802 to operate, optimize, or monitor the transmission path.
- the transmitter 810 having a variable transmission wavelength information on chromatic dispersion at each wavelength can be obtained.
- FIG. 10 shows another example of the configuration of the optical transmission system that can detect the chromatic dispersion that may occur in the transmission path.
- the optical transmission system shown in FIG. 10 is obtained by changing only the configuration on the reception side in the optical transmission system shown in FIG. 9, and the configurations of the transmission side and the transmission path 821 are the same as those shown in FIG.
- a coupler (CPL) 911 that branches the optical signal 822 transmitted through the transmission path 821 into two optical signals 903 and 904, and a variable chromatic dispersion equalizer (VAR) that compensates for chromatic dispersion in the optical signal 904.
- CD COMP CD COMP
- CD MON dispersion monitor
- the optical signal 903 may be supplied to the receiver as in the case of FIG. 9 or may be sent to another transmission line.
- the dispersion monitor 912 the dispersion monitor 200 shown in FIG.
- the dispersion monitor 912 controls the variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 913 so that the monitor signal 906 indicating chromatic dispersion is minimized.
- the set value in the variable chromatic dispersion equalizer 913 is output to the outside as a signal 902 indicating the chromatic dispersion value.
- An operator or system that monitors the transmission line 821 can use the signal 902 to operate, optimize, or monitor the transmission line.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of the configuration of an optical transmission system that can detect chromatic dispersion that can occur in a transmission line and equalize the chromatic dispersion.
- the optical transmission system shown in FIG. 11 is obtained by changing only the configuration on the reception side in the optical transmission system shown in FIG. 9, and the configurations of the transmission side and the transmission path 821 are the same as those shown in FIG.
- the optical signal 822 that has equalized the transmission line 821 is first sent to a chromatic dispersion equalizer (VAR CD COMP) 1013.
- the output optical signal 1023 from the chromatic dispersion equalizer 1013 is then input to a coupler (CPL) 1011 and branched into an optical signal 1003 and an optical signal 1004.
- the optical signal 1003 may be supplied to the receiver in the same manner as shown in FIG. 9 or may be sent to another transmission line.
- the optical signal 1004 is transmitted to a dispersion monitor (CD MON) 1012 that receives the optical signal 1004, detects chromatic dispersion, and outputs a monitor signal 1002 corresponding to the detected value.
- CD MON dispersion monitor
- the dispersion monitor 1012 As the dispersion monitor 1012, the dispersion monitor 200 shown in FIG. 3 or the dispersion monitor 400 shown in FIG. 5 can be used.
- the dispersion monitor 1012 controls the chromatic dispersion equalizer 1013 so that the monitor signal 1006 indicating chromatic dispersion is minimized.
- the optical signal 823 transmitted through the transmission line 821 the residual chromatic dispersion at the output of the chromatic dispersion equalizer 1013 becomes zero.
- the influence of the relay wavelength dispersion by the transmission line 821 becomes zero.
- FIGS. 12A to 12A are diagrams showing the waveform of a 55 Gbit / s pseudo RZ-QPSK signal as well as a 55 Gbit / second NRZ-QPSK signal.
- the graph 1110 in FIG. 12A shows a 55 Gbps / NRZ-QPSK signal.
- a graph 1120 in FIG. 12B shows a 55 Gbit / s pseudo RZ (4) -QPSK signal, where a dip 1121 is applied to the light intensity by pseudo RZ modulation every four symbols.
- a graph 1130 in FIG. 12C shows a 55-Gigabit pseudo RZ (8) -QPSK signal.
- a dip 1131 is applied by pseudo RZ modulation every 8 symbols.
- the graph 1140 shows the waveform of the pseudo RZ (4,8) -QPSK signal at 110 gigabits / second.
- a deeper dip 1141 appears at a place where the dip in the pseudo RZ (4) format and the dip in the pseudo RZ (8) format are synchronized.
- the relatively shallow dip 1142 is a dip based only on the pseudo RZ (4) format.
- a dip narrow in time width is applied to the light intensity in the signal every n symbols.
- the application of such a dip is based on a format different from that of a normal RZ driven by a 1 / n clock of the symbol rate, and a frequency component lower than the symbol rate is added to the optical signal.
- the signal quality does not deteriorate when such a dip is applied.
- FIGS. 13A to 13C each show a graph showing the result of simulating the intensity spectrum for the NRZ-QPSK signal, the PRZ-QPSK signal, and the RZ-QPSK signal, each of which has a data rate of 56 gigabits / second. .
- the vertical axis represents the spectral power density (SPD).
- a graph 1201 in FIG. 13A represents a simulation result of an intensity spectrum of an electric signal obtained by directly receiving a 56 Gbit / s pseudo RZ (8) -QPSK signal.
- pseudo RZ (8) modulation the frequency component of 1/8 of the symbol rate is strengthened. This frequency is a frequency of occurrence of dip due to pseudo RZ modulation.
- the harmonic component of the dip frequency also appears with high intensity.
- the graph 1202 of FIG. 13B shows the simulation result of the intensity spectrum for the NRZ-QPSK signal of 56 gigabits / second as a comparison.
- the frequency component of the symbol rate appears strongly, but there is no place where the spectrum is particularly strong on the lower frequency side.
- Graph 1203 in FIG. 13C shows similar simulation results for a 56 Gbit / s RZ-QPSK signal.
- the frequency component of the symbol rate also appears strong here, but there is no place where the spectrum is particularly strong on the lower frequency side.
- FIG. 14A to FIG. 14E all show graphs showing the results of simulating how the intensity of the frequency component applied in the pseudo RZ format changes according to chromatic dispersion.
- the vertical axis indicates the signal value by the normalized peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp) of the clock.
- the graph 1310 in FIG. 14A shows that a 56-Gigabit / second pseudo RZ (4) -QPSK signal is affected by chromatic dispersion during transmission, and such an optical signal is received by the dispersion monitor 200 shown in FIG.
- distribution monitor 200 in the case is shown.
- the monitor signal 202 is generated using the intensity of the frequency component of 1 ⁇ 4 of the symbol rate.
- the monitor signal 202 is generated using the intensity of the frequency component of 1 ⁇ 4 of the symbol rate.
- the monitor signal 202 shows a symmetric change around the zero dispersion point with respect to chromatic dispersion.
- the signal represented by the graph 1310 is controlled so as to minimize the signal, it is possible to perform the chromatic dispersion control so that the residual chromatic dispersion becomes zero dispersion. Also, the absolute value of chromatic dispersion can be obtained from the value of the monitor signal. If the sign of chromatic dispersion is known, the actual value of the chromatic dispersion value can be obtained from the value of the monitor signal.
- the graph 1320 in FIG. 14B shows the change due to the chromatic dispersion of the monitor signal 202 output from the dispersion monitor 200 regarding the pseudo RZ (4) -QPSK signal of 56 gigabits / second as in the case of the graph 1310.
- the range of chromatic dispersion is different from the graph 1310.
- a graph 1320 shows the change of the monitor signal in a wider range with positive chromatic dispersion.
- the graph 1330 of FIG. 14C shows that the 56-gigabit / second pseudo RZ (8) -QPSK signal is affected by chromatic dispersion during transmission, and such an optical signal is received by the dispersion monitor 200 shown in FIG.
- the change of the monitor signal 202 in the case is shown.
- the monitor signal 202 is generated using the intensity of the frequency component of 1/8 of the symbol rate.
- the change in the intensity of the monitor signal is the same as that shown in the graph 1320.
- the graph 1330 shows only a region where the chromatic dispersion is positive, but the change in the monitor signal with respect to the chromatic dispersion has a symmetrical shape across the zero dispersion point.
- the chromatic dispersion can be controlled in a wider range such as ⁇ 1000 ps / nm by using the monitor signal 202.
- the graph 1340 in FIG. 14D shows that a 56 gigabit / second pseudo RZ (16) -QPSK signal was affected by chromatic dispersion during transmission, and such an optical signal was received by the dispersion monitor 200 shown in FIG.
- the change of the monitor signal 202 in the case is shown.
- the monitor signal 202 is generated using the intensity of the frequency component that is 1/16 of the symbol rate.
- the change in the intensity of the monitor signal is the same as that shown in the graph 1320.
- the graph 1330 shows only a region where the chromatic dispersion is positive, but the change in the monitor signal with respect to the chromatic dispersion has a symmetrical shape across the zero dispersion point.
- the chromatic dispersion can be controlled in a wider range such as ⁇ 2000 ps / nm using the monitor signal 202.
- n may be made larger than 16 by adding a dip to the optical signal every n symbols by pseudo RZ modulation.
- the intensity of the dip frequency component when n is large may be used.
- the graph 1350 in FIG. 14E shows that a 56 gigabit / second pseudo RZ (8) -QPSK signal was affected by chromatic dispersion during transmission, and such an optical signal was received by the dispersion monitor 400 shown in FIG.
- the change of the monitor signal 402 in the case is shown.
- the dip frequency is 1/8 of the symbol rate. Since the dispersion monitor 400 can generate a monitor signal based on a plurality of frequency components, the dip frequency component (ie, 1/8 of the symbol rate) and its second and fourth harmonics are used here for the generation of the monitor signal. Three types of components (a quarter of the symbol rate and a half of the symbol rate) are used.
- a graph 1350 shows a change in intensity of the monitor signal for each of these frequency components.
- a signal having a frequency component of 1/8 of the symbol rate is indicated by a curve 1351
- a signal having a frequency component of 1/4 of the symbol rate is indicated by a curve 1352
- a signal having a frequency component of 1/2 the symbol rate is indicated by a curve 1353. It is shown in In any signal, the shape of the change is the same as that in the graph 1320 described above, and changes in a symmetric shape with respect to the zero dispersion point.
- the chromatic dispersion control range can be set wide.
- the change rate of the monitor signal is small in the vicinity of zero dispersion, it is difficult to perform fine control in the vicinity of zero dispersion.
- a large change rate in the vicinity of zero dispersion is a monitor signal generated using the fourth harmonic of the dip frequency, as indicated by a waveform 1353. Therefore, by selecting which frequency component to use when generating the monitor signal, it is possible to set an appropriate dynamic range for each control range, and it is possible to control chromatic dispersion with a wide range and high accuracy become.
- Appendix 1 A method for monitoring chromatic dispersion when transmitting an optical signal, An optical signal with a symbol rate of f is set to an integer of 2 or more, and a dip is applied to the light intensity every n symbols by pseudo RZ modulation, and the optical signal with the dip applied is sent to the transmission line.
- Receiving the optical signal transmitted through the transmission path detecting k as an integer equal to or greater than 1, and detecting the intensity of a frequency component of k ⁇ f / n from the received signal; Generating a monitor signal representing the amount of chromatic dispersion based on the detected intensity; Having a method.
- the received signal obtained by receiving the optical signal from the transmission path is converted into a digital signal, and the digital signal processing is performed on the digital signal to obtain the intensity of the frequency component of k ⁇ f / n.
- a method of equalizing chromatic dispersion when transmitting an optical signal An optical signal with a symbol rate of f is set to an integer of 2 or more, and a dip is applied to the light intensity every n symbols by pseudo RZ modulation, and the optical signal with the dip applied is sent to the transmission line.
- Receiving the optical signal transmitted through the transmission path detecting k as an integer equal to or greater than 1, and detecting the intensity of a frequency component of k ⁇ f / n from the received signal; Generating a monitor signal representing the amount of chromatic dispersion based on the detected intensity; Controlling an equalizer for equalizing the optical signal such that the value represented by the monitor signal is minimized; Having a method.
- Appendix 6 Applying the dip to each of a plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths, Wavelength-multiplexing the plurality of optical signals to which the dip is applied, and sending them to the transmission line; The received optical signal is wavelength-separated to generate the monitor signal for each wavelength, and the optical signal is equalized for each wavelength.
- Appendix 7 Applying the dip to each of a plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths, Wavelength-multiplexing the plurality of optical signals to which the dip is applied, and sending them to the transmission line; Generating the monitor signal for each wavelength; Equalize the optical signal received from the transmission path before performing the wavelength separation so that the value represented by the monitor signal for each wavelength is minimized by wavelength-separating the received optical signal; The method according to appendix 5.
- Appendix 8 Applying a dip at different repetition frequencies to each of a plurality of optical signals having different polarization states, Polarizing multiplexing the plurality of optical signals to which the dip is applied and sending them to the transmission line, Generating the monitor signal for each different repetition frequency; The method according to appendix 5.
- the received signal obtained by receiving the optical signal from the transmission path is converted into a digital signal, and the digital signal processing is performed on the digital signal to obtain the intensity of the frequency component of k ⁇ f / n.
- a lookup table representing the relationship between the amount of chromatic dispersion and the intensity of the frequency component of k ⁇ f / n is prepared in advance, and by searching the lookup table based on the detected intensity, 14.
- An apparatus for monitoring chromatic dispersion when transmitting an optical signal Transmission for an optical signal having a symbol rate of f, where n is an integer of 2 or more, and a dip is applied to the light intensity every n symbols by pseudo RZ modulation, and the optical signal to which the dip has been applied is sent to the transmission line Machine, The optical signal transmitted through the transmission path is received, k is an integer of 1 or more, the intensity of the frequency component of k ⁇ f / n is detected from the received signal, and the wavelength is determined based on the detected intensity.
- a dispersion monitor that generates a monitor signal representing the amount of dispersion; Having a device.
- the transmitter includes a modulator that modulates an optical carrier with a signal indicating data to be transmitted, and a pseudo RZ carver that applies the dip to the modulated optical signal.
- a modulator that modulates an optical carrier with a signal indicating data to be transmitted
- a pseudo RZ carver that applies the dip to the modulated optical signal.
- the dispersion monitor is based on a light receiving element that receives the optical signal from the transmission path, a band-pass filter that detects the intensity of the frequency component of k ⁇ f / n, and the detected intensity.
- the dispersion monitor converts a received signal obtained by receiving the optical signal from the transmission path into a digital signal, performs digital signal processing on the digital signal, and performs the k ⁇ f / n
- An apparatus for equalizing chromatic dispersion when transmitting an optical signal Transmission for an optical signal with a symbol rate of f, where n is an integer equal to or greater than 2, and a dip is applied to the light intensity every n symbols by pseudo RZ modulation, and the optical signal with the dip applied is sent to the transmission line Machine, The optical signal transmitted through the transmission path is received, k is an integer of 1 or more, the intensity of the frequency component of k ⁇ f / n is detected from the received signal, and the wavelength is determined based on the detected intensity.
- a dispersion monitor that generates a monitor signal representing the amount of dispersion;
- a chromatic dispersion equalizer for equalizing an optical signal received from the transmission line so that a value represented by the monitor signal is minimized; Having a device.
- the transmitter includes a modulator that modulates an optical carrier with a signal indicating data to be transmitted, and a pseudo RZ carver that applies the dip to the modulated optical signal.
- a modulator that modulates an optical carrier with a signal indicating data to be transmitted
- a pseudo RZ carver that applies the dip to the modulated optical signal.
- the dispersion monitor is based on a light receiving element that receives the optical signal from the transmission path, a band-pass filter that detects the intensity of the frequency component of k ⁇ f / n, and the detected intensity.
- the dispersion monitor includes an analog / digital converter that converts a received signal obtained by receiving the optical signal from the transmission path into a digital signal, and performs digital signal processing on the digital signal to perform the digital signal processing.
- the dispersion monitor includes a lookup table that represents a relationship between the amount of chromatic dispersion and the intensity of the frequency component of k ⁇ f / n, and searches the lookup table based on the detected intensity.
- the monitor signal is generated by:
- a transmitter for sending an optical signal to a transmission line A modulator that modulates an optical carrier with a signal indicative of data to be transmitted; a pseudo RZ carver that applies a dip to the light intensity every n symbols by pseudo RZ modulation on the modulated optical signal, where n is an integer of 2 or more; Having transmitter.
- a dispersion monitor for monitoring chromatic dispersion in an optical signal received through a transmission line A dip in light intensity is applied to the optical signal by pseudo RZ modulation every n symbols, A light receiving element that receives the optical signal and converts it into a received signal; A band-pass filter that detects the intensity of a frequency component of k ⁇ f / n, where k is an integer equal to or greater than 1, A monitor circuit that generates a monitor signal representing the amount of chromatic dispersion based on the detected intensity; A distributed monitor.
- a dispersion monitor for monitoring chromatic dispersion in an optical signal received through a transmission line A dip in light intensity is applied to the optical signal by pseudo RZ modulation every n symbols, A light receiving element that receives the optical signal and converts it into a received signal; An analog / digital converter for converting the received signal into a digital signal; A digital signal processing unit that performs digital signal processing on the digital signal to detect the intensity of the frequency component of k ⁇ f / n, and generates a monitor signal representing a chromatic dispersion amount based on the detected intensity; , A distributed monitor.
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Abstract
Description
シンボルレートがfである光信号に対し、nを2以上の整数として、擬似RZ変調により、nシンボルごとに光強度にディップを印加し、ディップが印加された光信号を伝送路に送出することと、
前記伝送路を伝送してきた前記光信号を受信し、kを1以上の整数として、受信した信号から、k×f/nの周波数成分の強度を検出することと、
前記検出した強度に基づいて、波長分散量を表すモニタ信号を生成することと、
を有する方法。
前記複数の周波数成分のそれぞれごとに前記モニタ信号を生成する、付記1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
シンボルレートがfである光信号に対し、nを2以上の整数として、擬似RZ変調により、nシンボルごとに光強度にディップを印加し、ディップが印加された光信号を伝送路に送出することと、
前記伝送路を伝送してきた前記光信号を受信し、kを1以上の整数として、受信した信号から、k×f/nの周波数成分の強度を検出することと、
前記検出した強度に基づいて、波長分散量を表すモニタ信号を生成することと、
前記モニタ信号によって表される値が最小となるように、前記光信号を等化する等化器を制御することと、
を有する方法。
前記ディップが印加された前記複数の光信号を波長多重して前記伝送路に送出し、
受信した光信号を波長分離して波長ごとに前記モニタ信号を生成し、波長ごとに前記光信号を等化する、
付記5に記載の方法。
前記ディップが印加された前記複数の光信号を波長多重して前記伝送路に送出し、
波長ごとに前記モニタ信号を生成し、
受信した光信号を波長分離して波長ごとの前記モニタ信号が表す値が最小となるように、前記波長分離を行う前の前記伝送路から受信した光信号を等化する、
付記5に記載の方法。
前記ディップが印加された前記複数の光信号を偏波多重して前記伝送路に送出し、
前記異なる繰り返し周波数ごとに前記モニタ信号を生成する、
付記5に記載の方法。
前記複数の周波数成分のそれぞれごとに前記モニタ信号を生成する、付記5乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
シンボルレートがfである光信号に対し、nを2以上の整数として、擬似RZ変調により、nシンボルごとに光強度にディップを印加し、ディップが印加された光信号を伝送路に送出する送信機と、
前記伝送路を伝送してきた前記光信号を受信し、kを1以上の整数として、受信した信号から、k×f/nの周波数成分の強度を検出し、前記検出した強度に基づいて、波長分散量を表すモニタ信号を生成する分散モニタと、
を有する装置。
シンボルレートがfである光信号に対し、nを2以上の整数として、擬似RZ変調により、nシンボルごとに光強度にディップを印加し、ディップが印加された光信号を伝送路に送出する送信機と、
前記伝送路を伝送してきた前記光信号を受信し、kを1以上の整数として、受信した信号から、k×f/nの周波数成分の強度を検出し、前記検出した強度に基づいて、波長分散量を表すモニタ信号を生成する分散モニタと、
前記モニタ信号が表す値が最小となるように、前記伝送路から受信される光信号を等化する波長分散等化器と、
を有する装置。
伝送すべきデータを示す信号によって光キャリアを変調する変調器と、
nを2以上の整数として、前記変調後の光信号に対し、擬似RZ変調により、nシンボルごとに光強度にディップを印加する擬似RZカーバーと、
を有する送信機。
前記光信号にはnシンボルごとに擬似RZ変調により光強度におけるディップが印加されており、
前記光信号を受光して受信信号に変換する受光素子と、
前記受信信号から、kを1以上の整数として、k×f/nの周波数成分の強度を検出する帯域通過フィルタと、
前記検出した強度に基づいて、波長分散量を表すモニタ信号を生成するモニタ回路と、
を有する分散モニタ。
前記光信号にはnシンボルごとに擬似RZ変調により光強度におけるディップが印加されており、
前記光信号を受光して受信信号に変換する受光素子と、
前記受信信号をデジタル信号に変換するアナログ/デジタル変換器と、
前記デジタル信号に対してデジタル信号処理を行って前記k×f/nの周波数成分の強度を検出し、前記検出した強度に基づいて、波長分散量を表すモニタ信号を生成するデジタル信号処理ユニットと、
を有する分散モニタ。
Claims (10)
- 光信号を伝送する際に波長分散をモニタする方法であって、
シンボルレートがfである光信号に対し、nを2以上の整数として、擬似RZ変調により、nシンボルごとに光強度にディップを印加し、ディップが印加された光信号を伝送路に送出することと、
前記伝送路を伝送してきた前記光信号を受信し、kを1以上の整数として、受信した信号から、k×f/nの周波数成分の強度を検出することと、
前記検出した強度に基づいて、波長分散量を表すモニタ信号を生成することと、
を有する方法。 - 光信号を伝送する際に波長分散を等化する方法であって、
シンボルレートがfである光信号に対し、nを2以上の整数として、擬似RZ変調により、nシンボルごとに光強度にディップを印加し、ディップが印加された光信号を伝送路に送出することと、
前記伝送路を伝送してきた前記光信号を受信し、kを1以上の整数として、受信した信号から、k×f/nの周波数成分の強度を検出することと、
前記検出した強度に基づいて、波長分散量を表すモニタ信号を生成することと、
前記モニタ信号によって表される値が最小となるように、前記光信号を等化する等化器を制御することと、
を有する方法。 - 前記k×f/nの周波数成分の強度を検出する際に相異なる複数個の整数kを用いて複数の周波数成分のそれぞれごとに強度を検出し、
前記複数の周波数成分のそれぞれごとに前記モニタ信号を生成する、請求項1または2に記載の方法。 - 波長の異なる複数の光信号のそれぞれに対して前記ディップを印加し、
前記ディップが印加された前記複数の光信号を波長多重して前記伝送路に送出し、
受信した光信号を波長分離して波長ごとに前記モニタ信号を生成し、波長ごとに前記光信号を等化する、
請求項2または3に記載の方法。 - 波長の異なる複数の光信号のそれぞれに対して前記ディップを印加し、
前記ディップが印加された前記複数の光信号を波長多重して前記伝送路に送出し、
波長ごとに前記モニタ信号を生成し、
受信した光信号を波長分離して波長ごとの前記モニタ信号が表す値が最小となるように、前記波長分離を行う前の前記伝送路から受信した光信号を等化する、
請求項2または3に記載の方法。 - 偏波状態が異なる複数の光信号のそれぞれに対して、異なる繰り返し周波数でディップを印加し、
前記ディップが印加された前記複数の光信号を偏波多重して前記伝送路に送出し、
前記異なる繰り返し周波数ごとに前記モニタ信号を生成する、
請求項2または3に記載の方法。 - 波長分散量と前記k×f/nの周波数成分の強度との関係を表すルックアップテーブルを予め用意し、検出された強度に基づいて前記ルックアップテーブルを検索することにより、前記モニタ信号を生成する、請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 光信号を伝送する際に波長分散をモニタする装置であって、
シンボルレートがfである光信号に対し、nを2以上の整数として、擬似RZ変調により、nシンボルごとに光強度にディップを印加し、ディップが印加された光信号を伝送路に送出する送信機と、
前記伝送路を伝送してきた前記光信号を受信し、kを1以上の整数として、受信した信号から、k×f/nの周波数成分の強度を検出し、前記検出した強度に基づいて、波長分散量を表すモニタ信号を生成する分散モニタと、
を有する装置。 - 光信号を伝送する際に波長分散を等化する装置であって、
シンボルレートがfである光信号に対し、nを2以上の整数として、擬似RZ変調により、nシンボルごとに光強度にディップを印加し、ディップが印加された光信号を伝送路に送出する送信機と、
前記伝送路を伝送してきた前記光信号を受信し、kを1以上の整数として、受信した信号から、k×f/nの周波数成分の強度を検出し、前記検出した強度に基づいて、波長分散量を表すモニタ信号を生成する分散モニタと、
前記モニタ信号が表す値が最小となるように、前記伝送路から受信される光信号を等化する波長分散等化器と、
を有する装置。 - 前記分離モニタは、波長分散量と前記k×f/nの周波数成分の強度との関係を表すルックアップテーブルを備え、検出された強度に基づいて前記ルックアップテーブルを検索することにより前記モニタ信号を生成する、請求項9または10に記載の装置。
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