WO2011070964A1 - 二次電池、電解液、電池パック、電子機器および電動車両 - Google Patents
二次電池、電解液、電池パック、電子機器および電動車両 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011070964A1 WO2011070964A1 PCT/JP2010/071569 JP2010071569W WO2011070964A1 WO 2011070964 A1 WO2011070964 A1 WO 2011070964A1 JP 2010071569 W JP2010071569 W JP 2010071569W WO 2011070964 A1 WO2011070964 A1 WO 2011070964A1
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- carbon atoms
- alkynyl
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 226
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 143
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 141
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 126
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 116
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 82
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 76
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 49
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 49
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- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 48
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
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- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 dicarbonic acid ester compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 140
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 71
- SXWUDUINABFBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;fluoro-dioxido-oxo-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])(F)=O SXWUDUINABFBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 14
- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
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- 229910008390 SnCoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
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- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 34
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 33
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 24
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 24
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 23
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- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 16
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- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
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- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 11
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- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- RVLHNHNPUBWSEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dioxooxathiolan-5-one Chemical compound O=C1CCS(=O)(=O)O1 RVLHNHNPUBWSEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 4
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IQFAIEKYIVKGST-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(fluoromethyl) carbonate Chemical compound FCOC(=O)OCF IQFAIEKYIVKGST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical group [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
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- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-JCYAYHJZSA-N (4s,5s)-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound F[C@@H]1OC(=O)O[C@H]1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VTQYOGUFKHVWOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,7-dione Chemical compound O1C(=O)CCC11OC(=O)CC1 VTQYOGUFKHVWOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- UYJPMQSWYMMOOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid 4,4,4-trifluorobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)CCC(F)(F)F UYJPMQSWYMMOOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 3
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- ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaronitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC#N ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical group [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- WDAXFOBOLVPGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)C(C)C WDAXFOBOLVPGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVXQYMZVJNYDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methylsulfonyl-trifluoromethane Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[C-](S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QVXQYMZVJNYDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWNSEPXOQWKTKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;methanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].CS([O-])(=O)=O OWNSEPXOQWKTKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MPDOUGUGIVBSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(cyclobutylmethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(NCC2CCC2)=C1 MPDOUGUGIVBSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic solution containing a nonaqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt, a secondary battery using the same, a battery pack, an electronic device, and an electric vehicle using the same.
- lithium secondary batteries For secondary batteries, the use of various elements as carriers (substances that enter and exit the positive and negative electrodes during charge and discharge) has been studied. Among these, lithium secondary batteries that use lithium as a carrier (utilizing a lithium reaction as a charge / discharge reaction) are highly expected. This is because an energy density higher than that of the lead battery and the nickel cadmium battery can be obtained.
- This lithium secondary battery includes a lithium ion secondary battery that uses occlusion and release of lithium ions and a lithium metal secondary battery that uses precipitation and dissolution of lithium metal.
- the secondary battery includes an electrolytic solution together with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the electrolytic solution includes a nonaqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt. Since the electrolyte functioning as a medium for the charge / discharge reaction has a great influence on the performance of the secondary battery, various studies have been made on its composition.
- a dicarbonate compound, a dicarboxylic acid compound, or a disulfonic acid compound is used to improve high temperature characteristics (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Tetrakisfluoroalkylborate or fluoroalkylphosphate is used to improve ionic conductivity and improve service life and performance (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- a lithium salt such as Li [N (SO 2 F) 2 ] is used (for example, see Patent Document 4).
- lithium difluorophosphate is used (see, for example, Patent Document 5).
- spirodilactone compounds such as 1,6-dioxaspiro [4,4] nonane-2,7-dione are used to improve the swelling characteristics and initial charge / discharge characteristics under a high temperature environment.
- 1,6-dioxaspiro [4,4] nonane-2,7-dione are used to improve the swelling characteristics and initial charge / discharge characteristics under a high temperature environment.
- a spiro dry compound or a dioxane compound is used as an electrode stabilizing additive (see, for example, Patent Document 10).
- a dicarbonate compound is used (for example, refer to Patent Document 11).
- tetraoxaspiro [5,5] undecane is also used as another auxiliary agent.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and its object is to provide an electrolytic solution capable of improving cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, and load characteristics, a secondary battery using the same, and a battery using the same. It is to provide a pack, an electronic device, and an electric vehicle.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention is used for a secondary battery, and includes a nonaqueous solvent, an electrolyte salt, at least one of compounds represented by formulas (1) to (5), and a formula (6). To at least one of the compounds represented by formula (8).
- the secondary battery of this invention is equipped with electrolyte solution with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the electrolyte solution has a composition similar to the electrolyte solution of this invention mentioned above.
- R1 and R3 are an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, or an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- R2 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group, an ether bond and an alkylene group, And a divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a group in which they are halogenated.
- R4 and R6 are alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, aryl groups or heterocyclic groups, or alkyl groups, alkenyl groups or alkynyl groups substituted by aromatic hydrocarbon groups or alicyclic hydrocarbon groups.
- R5 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group, an ether bond and an alkylene group, And a divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a group in which they are halogenated.
- R7 and R9 are an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, or an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- R8 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group, an ether bond and an alkylene group, And a divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a group in which they are halogenated.
- Li [PF m R10 6-m ] (6) (R10 is a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluoroaryl group. M is an integer of 0 to 5.)
- Another electrolytic solution of the present invention is used for a secondary battery, and includes a nonaqueous solvent, an electrolyte salt, at least one of compounds represented by formulas (9) to (13), and a formula ( And the compound represented by 14).
- the secondary battery of this invention is equipped with electrolyte solution with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the electrolyte solution has a composition similar to the electrolyte solution of this invention mentioned above.
- R1 and R3 are an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, or an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- R2 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group, an ether bond and an alkylene group, And a divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a group in which they are halogenated.
- R4 and R6 are alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, aryl groups or heterocyclic groups, or alkyl groups, alkenyl groups or alkynyl groups substituted by aromatic hydrocarbon groups or alicyclic hydrocarbon groups.
- R5 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group, an ether bond and an alkylene group, And a divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a group in which they are halogenated.
- R7 and R9 are an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, or an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- R8 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group, an ether bond and an alkylene group, And a divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a group in which they are halogenated.
- R11 to R18 are a hydrogen group or a halogen group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Still another electrolytic solution of the present invention is used for a secondary battery, and includes a nonaqueous solvent, an electrolyte salt, at least one of the compounds represented by formula (15) and formula (16), and a formula ( 17) and at least one of the compounds represented by formula (18).
- the secondary battery of this invention is equipped with electrolyte solution with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the electrolyte solution has the structure similar to the electrolyte solution of this invention mentioned above.
- a halogenated group, a hydrogen group, or a halogen group provided that R1 to R8 may be bonded to each other and form a ring structure.
- a halogenated group, a hydrogen group, or a halogen group provided that R11 to R22 may be bonded to each other and form a ring structure.
- the battery pack, electronic device, and electric vehicle of the present invention include a secondary battery, and the secondary battery has the same configuration as the above-described secondary battery of the present invention.
- At least one of the compounds represented by the formulas (1) to (5) and at least one of the compounds represented by the formulas (6) to (8) Is included.
- chemical stability improves compared with the case where both are not included and the case where only one is included. Therefore, according to the secondary battery using this electrolytic solution, cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, and load characteristics can be improved.
- the battery pack, the electronic device, and the electric vehicle including the secondary battery of the present invention it is possible to improve the characteristics such as the above-described cycle characteristics.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of the spirally wound electrode body illustrated in FIG. 3. It is a figure showing the analysis result of SnCoC containing material by XPS.
- Electrolyte 1-1 First embodiment 1-2.
- Second Embodiment 1-3 Third Embodiment2.
- Secondary battery 2-1 Lithium ion secondary battery (cylindrical type)
- Lithium ion secondary battery (laminate film type) 2-3.
- Lithium metal secondary battery (cylindrical type, laminated film type) 3.
- the electrolytic solution according to the first embodiment of the present invention is used for a secondary battery or the like, and includes a nonaqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt. Further, the electrolytic solution may be one or more of the compounds represented by the formulas (1) to (5) and one or more of the compounds represented by the formulas (6) to (8). Including. The electrolytic solution contains a combination of the compounds represented by the formulas (1) to (5) and the compounds represented by the formulas (6) to (8) in the case where both of them are not included. This is because the chemical stability is improved compared to the case of containing only
- R1 and R3 are an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, or an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- R2 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group, an ether bond and an alkylene group, And a divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a group in which they are halogenated.
- R4 and R6 are alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, aryl groups or heterocyclic groups, or alkyl groups, alkenyl groups or alkynyl groups substituted by aromatic hydrocarbon groups or alicyclic hydrocarbon groups.
- R5 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group, an ether bond and an alkylene group, And a divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a group in which they are halogenated.
- R7 and R9 are an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, or an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- R8 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group, an ether bond and an alkylene group, And a divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a group in which they are halogenated.
- Li [PF m R10 6-m ] (6) (R10 is a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluoroaryl group. M is an integer of 0 to 5.)
- the compound represented by the formula (1) is a dicarbonate compound having a carbonate ester moiety (—O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—R) at both ends.
- R1 and R3 may be the same type of group or different types of groups.
- R1 and R3 are as follows.
- Examples of the alkyl group include the following groups. A methyl group, an ethyl group, an n (normal) -propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group or an isobutyl group; and sec (secondary) -butyl group, tert-tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, 2-methylbutyl group, 3-methylbutyl group, 2,2-dimethylpropyl group or n-hexyl group.
- alkenyl group examples include n-heptyl group, vinyl group, 2-methylvinyl group, 2,2-dimethylvinyl group, butene-2,4-diyl group and allyl group.
- alkynyl group examples include an ethynyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the above-described alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1-20, more preferably 1-7, and still more preferably 1-4. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- aryl group examples include a phenyl group.
- the alkyl group substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group for example, the aromatic hydrocarbon group includes a phenyl group, and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group includes a cyclohexyl group.
- the alkyl group (aralkyl group) substituted by a phenyl group is, for example, a benzyl group or a 2-phenylethyl group (phenethyl group).
- the halogen type of the halogenated alkyl group is not particularly limited, but among them, fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl) or bromine (Br) is preferable, and fluorine is more preferable.
- the halogenated alkyl group include a fluorinated alkyl group. This fluorinated alkyl group is, for example, a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, or a pentafluoroethyl group.
- the “halogenated group” is a group in which at least a part of hydrogen groups (—H) in an alkyl group or the like is substituted with a halogen group (—F or the like).
- a group substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferable to a halogenated group, and a group not substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferable. More preferred.
- the number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited. The total number of carbon atoms of the aromatic hydrocarbon group or alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the carbon number of the alkyl group is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 7 or less.
- R1 and R3 may be derivatives such as the above-described alkyl groups.
- This derivative is a group in which one or two or more substituents are introduced into an alkyl group or the like, and the substituents may be hydrocarbon groups or other groups.
- the number of carbon atoms of the linear or branched alkylene group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 2 to 6, and still more preferably 2 to 4. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- the divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group may be a group in which one arylene group and one alkylene group are linked, or a group in which two alkylene groups are linked via an arylene group ( An aralkylene group).
- examples of R2 include the following groups.
- the divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms including an ether bond and an alkylene group is preferably a group in which at least two alkylene groups are connected via an ether bond and both ends are carbon atoms. .
- Such a group preferably has 4 to 12 carbon atoms. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- the number of ether bonds and the connecting order of ether bonds and alkylene groups are arbitrary.
- examples of R2 include groups represented by formulas (1-33) to (1-45). Further, when the divalent groups represented by the formulas (1-33) to (1-45) are fluorinated, they are represented by, for example, the formulas (1-46) to (1-54). Groups and the like. Of these, groups represented by formulas (1-38) to (1-40) are preferable.
- R2 may be a derivative such as an alkylene group as described above in the same manner as described for R1 and R3.
- the molecular weight of the dicarbonate compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200 to 800, more preferably 200 to 600, and still more preferably 200 to 450. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- dicarbonate compound examples include compounds represented by formula (1-1) to formula (1-12). This is because sufficient solubility and compatibility are obtained, and the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is sufficiently improved. However, compounds other than the compounds shown in Formula (1-1) to Formula (1-12) may be used.
- the compound represented by the formula (2) is a dicarboxylic acid compound having a carboxylic acid moiety (—O—C ( ⁇ O) —R) at both ends.
- R4 and R6 may be the same type of group or different types of groups. Details regarding R4 and R6 are the same as those for R1 and R3 described above, and details regarding R5 are the same as those for R2 described above.
- the molecular weight of the dicarboxylic acid compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 162 to 1000, more preferably 162 to 500, and still more preferably 162 to 300. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- dicarboxylic acid compound examples include compounds represented by formula (2-1) to formula (2-17). This is because sufficient solubility and compatibility are obtained, and the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is sufficiently improved. However, compounds other than the compounds shown in the formulas (2-1) to (2-17) may be used.
- the compound represented by the formula (3) is a disulfonic acid compound having a sulfonic acid moiety (—O—S ( ⁇ O) 2 —R) at both ends.
- R7 and R9 may be the same type of group or different types of groups. The details regarding R7 and R9 are the same as those of R1 and R3 described above, and the details regarding R8 are the same as those of R2 described above.
- the molecular weight of the disulfonic acid compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200 to 800, more preferably 200 to 600, and still more preferably 200 to 450. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- disulfonic acid compound examples include compounds represented by formulas (3-1) to (3-9). This is because sufficient solubility and compatibility are obtained, and the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is sufficiently improved. However, compounds other than the compounds shown in the formulas (3-1) to (3-9) may be used.
- the compound represented by the formula (4) is lithium monofluorophosphate
- the compound represented by the formula (5) is lithium difluorophosphate.
- the compound represented by the formula (6) is lithium fluorophosphate in which a fluorine group in lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) is substituted with R10 (perfluoroalkyl group or perfluoroaryl group).
- R10 perfluoroalkyl group
- the number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited, but it is preferably as small as possible, specifically 2 or less.
- the perfluoroalkyl group is, for example, a perfluoromethyl group (—CF 3 ) or a perfluoroethyl group (—C 2 F 5 ).
- lithium fluorophosphate examples include Li [PF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 ], Li [PF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 ], Li [PF 4 (C 2 F 5 ) 2 ], Li [PF PF 4 (CF 3 ) 2 ], Li [PF 4 (C 3 F 7 ) 2 ], Li [PF 5 (CF 3 )], Li [PF 5 (C 2 F 5 )], Li [PF 5 (C 3 F 7)], Li [ PF 2 (C 2 F 5) 4], Li [PF 2 (CF 3) 4] or Li [PF 3 (C 6 F 6) 3] , and the like.
- the propyl group (—C 3 F 7 ) may be chained or branched. This is because sufficient solubility and compatibility are obtained, and the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is sufficiently improved. However, compounds other than those described above may be used.
- the compound represented by the formula (7) is lithium fluoroborate in which a fluorine group in lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ) is substituted with R11 (perfluoroalkyl group or perfluoroaryl group).
- R11 perfluoroalkyl group or perfluoroaryl group.
- the number of carbon atoms and the type of perfluoroalkyl group when R11 is a perfluoroalkyl group are the same as those described for R10.
- lithium fluoborate examples include Li [BF 3 (CF 3 )], Li [BF 3 (C 2 F 5 )], Li [BF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 ], Li [BF (CF 3 ) 3], Li [B ( CF 3) 4], Li [BF 2 (C 2 F 5) 2], Li [BF (C 2 F 5) 3], Li [B (C 2 F 5) 4] , Li [BF 3 (C 3 F 7 )], Li [BF 2 (C 3 F 7 ) 2 ], Li [BF (C 3 F 7 ) 3 ], Li [B (C 3 F 7 ) 4 ] or li [BF 3 (C 6 F 6)] , and the like.
- the propyl group may be chained or branched. This is because sufficient solubility and compatibility are obtained, and the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is sufficiently improved. However, compounds other than those described above may be used.
- the compound represented by the formula (8) is imidolithium (bis (fluorosulfonyl) imidolithium) having a sulfonyl fluoride group (—SO 2 F).
- the contents of the dicarbonate compound, dicarboxylic acid compound, disulfonic acid compound, lithium monofluorophosphate and lithium difluorophosphate in the electrolytic solution are not particularly limited. Among them, the content is preferably 0.001% by weight to 2% by weight, and more preferably 0.001% by weight to 1% by weight. This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is further improved.
- the contents of lithium fluorophosphate, lithium fluoroborate and imide lithium in the electrolytic solution are not particularly limited. Among them, the content is preferably 0.01% by weight to 0.5% by weight, and more preferably 0.01% by weight to 0.2% by weight. This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is further improved.
- Nonaqueous solvent contains one or more of organic solvents described below.
- the dicarbonate compound, dicarboxylic acid compound and disulfonic acid compound described above are excluded from the non-aqueous solvent described below.
- non-aqueous solvent examples include the following compounds. Ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or tetrahydrofuran. 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxane or 1,4-dioxane.
- ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate are preferred. This is because excellent battery capacity, cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, and the like can be obtained.
- a high viscosity (high dielectric constant) solvent such as ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate (for example, a relative dielectric constant ⁇ ⁇ 30) and a low viscosity solvent such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate (for example, viscosity ⁇ 1 mPas).
- -A combination with s is more preferred. This is because the dissociation property of the electrolyte salt and the ion mobility are improved.
- the non-aqueous solvent preferably contains one or more of unsaturated carbon-bonded cyclic carbonates represented by formulas (19) to (21). This is because a stable protective film is formed on the surface of the electrode during charging / discharging of the secondary battery, so that the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is suppressed.
- the unsaturated carbon bond cyclic carbonate is a cyclic carbonate having one or more unsaturated carbon bonds. R21 and R22 may be the same type of group or different types of groups. The same applies to R23 to R26.
- the content of the unsaturated carbon bond cyclic carbonate in the non-aqueous solvent is, for example, 0.01 wt% or more and 10 wt% or less.
- the unsaturated carbon bond cyclic carbonate is not limited to the compounds described below, and may be other compounds.
- R21 and R22 are a hydrogen group or an alkyl group.
- R23 to R26 are a hydrogen group, an alkyl group, a vinyl group or an allyl group, and at least one of them is a vinyl group or an allyl group.
- R27 is an alkylene group.
- the unsaturated carbon bond cyclic carbonate represented by the formula (19) is a vinylene carbonate compound.
- the vinylene carbonate-based compound include the following compounds. Vinylene carbonate, methyl vinylene carbonate or ethyl vinylene carbonate. 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one, 4,5-diethyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one, 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxol-2-one or 4-trifluoro Methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one.
- vinylene carbonate is preferable. It is because it is easily available and a high effect is obtained.
- the unsaturated carbon bond cyclic carbonate represented by the formula (20) is a vinyl ethylene carbonate compound.
- the vinyl carbonate-based compound include the following compounds. Vinylethylene carbonate, 4-methyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or 4-ethyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one. 4-n-propyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, 5-methyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,4-divinyl-1,3-dioxolane- 2-one or 4,5-divinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one.
- vinyl ethylene carbonate is preferred. This is because it can be easily obtained and a high effect can be obtained.
- all of R23 to R26 may be vinyl groups, all may be allyl groups, or vinyl groups and allyl groups may be mixed.
- the unsaturated carbon bond cyclic carbonate represented by the formula (21) is a methylene ethylene carbonate compound.
- the methylene ethylene carbonate compound include the following compounds. 4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, 4,4-dimethyl-5-methylene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or 4,4-diethyl-5-methylene-1,3-dioxolane- 2-on.
- the methylene ethylene carbonate compound may be a compound having one methylene group as shown in the formula (11) or a compound having two methylene groups.
- the unsaturated carbon-bonded cyclic ester carbonate may be catechol carbonate having a benzene ring in addition to the compounds represented by the formulas (19) to (21).
- the non-aqueous solvent contains one kind or two or more kinds of a halogenated chain carbonate represented by the formula (22) and a halogenated cyclic carbonate represented by the formula (23).
- a halogenated chain carbonate is a chain carbonate having halogen as a constituent element
- the halogenated cyclic carbonate is a cyclic carbonate having halogen as a constituent element.
- R31 to R36 may be the same type of group or different types of groups. The same applies to R37 to R40.
- the content of the halogenated chain carbonate and the halogenated cyclic carbonate in the non-aqueous solvent is, for example, 0.01 wt% to 50 wt%.
- the halogenated chain carbonic acid ester or the halogenated cyclic carbonic acid ester is not limited to the compounds described below, and may be other compounds.
- R31 to R36 are a hydrogen group, a halogen group, an alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group, and at least one of them is a halogen group or a halogenated alkyl group.
- R37 to R40 are a hydrogen group, a halogen group, an alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group, and at least one of them is a halogen group or a halogenated alkyl group.
- halogen is not particularly limited, but among them, fluorine, chlorine or bromine is preferable, and fluorine is more preferable. This is because an effect higher than that of other halogens can be obtained.
- the number of halogens is preferably two rather than one, and may be three or more. This is because the ability to form a protective film is increased and a stronger and more stable protective film is formed, so that the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is further suppressed.
- halogenated chain carbonate ester examples include fluoromethyl methyl carbonate, bis (fluoromethyl) carbonate, and difluoromethyl methyl carbonate.
- halogenated cyclic carbonate examples include compounds represented by formulas (23-1) to (23-21). This halogenated cyclic carbonate includes geometric isomers. Among them, 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one represented by the formula (23-1) or 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one represented by the formula (23-3) is preferable. The latter is preferred and the latter is more preferred. In particular, in 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, the trans isomer is preferable to the cis isomer. It is because it is easily available and a high effect is obtained.
- the non-aqueous solvent preferably contains sultone (cyclic sulfonate ester). This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is further improved.
- the sultone include propane sultone and propene sultone.
- the content of sultone in the non-aqueous solvent is, for example, 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight.
- the sultone is not limited to the above-described compounds, and may be other compounds.
- the non-aqueous solvent preferably contains an acid anhydride.
- the acid anhydride include carboxylic acid anhydride, disulfonic acid anhydride, and anhydride of carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid.
- the carboxylic acid anhydride include succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, and maleic anhydride.
- the disulfonic anhydride include ethane disulfonic anhydride and propane disulfonic anhydride.
- anhydride of carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid examples include anhydrous sulfobenzoic acid, anhydrous sulfopropionic acid, and anhydrous sulfobutyric acid.
- the content of the acid anhydride in the non-aqueous solvent is, for example, 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight.
- the acid anhydride is not limited to the above-described compounds, and may be other compounds.
- the electrolyte salt includes, for example, any one or more of lithium salts described below.
- the electrolyte salt may contain, for example, a salt other than the lithium salt (for example, a light metal salt other than the lithium salt).
- lithium salt examples include the following compounds. Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), or lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF 6 ). Lithium tetraphenylborate (LiB (C 6 H 5 ) 4 ), lithium methanesulfonate (LiCH 3 SO 3 ), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF 3 SO 3 ) or lithium tetrachloroaluminate (LiAlCl 4 ) .
- LiPF 6 Lithium hexafluorophosphate
- LiBF 4 lithium tetrafluoroborate
- LiClO 4 lithium perchlorate
- LiAsF 6 lithium hexafluoroarsenate
- LiAsF 6 lithium hexafluoroarsenate
- lithium salt is not limited to the above-described compounds, and may be other compounds.
- lithium hexafluorophosphate lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate and lithium hexafluoroarsenate are preferable, and lithium hexafluorophosphate is more preferable. This is because a higher effect can be obtained because the internal resistance is lowered.
- the electrolyte salt preferably contains one or more of the compounds represented by formula (24) to formula (26). This is because a higher effect can be obtained.
- R41 and R43 may be the same type of group or different types of groups. The same applies to R51 to R53, R61, and R62.
- the compounds represented by the formulas (24) to (26) are not limited to the compounds described below, and may be other compounds.
- (X41 is a group 1 element or group 2 element in the long-period periodic table, or aluminum.
- M41 is a transition metal, or a group 13 element, group 14 element, or group 15 element in the long-period periodic table.
- R41 is Y41 is —C ( ⁇ O) —R42—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —CR43 2 — or —C ( ⁇ O) —C ( ⁇ O) —.
- R42 is an alkylene group, a halogenated alkylene group, an arylene group or a halogenated arylene group
- R43 is an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogenated aryl group
- a4 is 1 to 4. (It is an integer, b4 is an integer of 0, 2 or 4, and c4, d4, m4 and n4 are integers of 1 to 3.)
- X51 is a group 1 element or group 2 element in the long periodic table.
- M51 is a transition metal, or a group 13, element or group 15 element in the long period periodic table.
- X61 is a group 1 element or group 2 element in the long-period periodic table.
- M61 is a transition metal, or a group 13, element or group 15 element in the long-period periodic table.
- Rf is a fluorinated alkyl.
- Group 1 elements are hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium.
- Group 2 elements are beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium.
- Group 13 elements are boron, aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium.
- Group 14 elements are carbon, silicon, germanium, tin and lead.
- Group 15 elements are nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.
- Examples of the compound represented by formula (24) include compounds represented by formula (24-1) to formula (24-6).
- Examples of the compound represented by the formula (25) include compounds represented by the formula (25-1) to the formula (25-8).
- Examples of the compound represented by the formula (26) include a compound represented by the formula (26-1).
- the electrolyte salt preferably contains one or more of the compounds represented by the formulas (27) to (29). This is because a higher effect can be obtained.
- m and n may be the same value or different values. The same applies to p, q and r.
- the compound is not limited to the compound described below as long as it has a structure represented by formulas (27) to (29), and other compounds may be used.
- R71 is a linear or branched perfluoroalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the compound represented by the formula (27) is a chain imide compound.
- chain imide compound examples include the following compounds. Bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide lithium (LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ) or bis (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imide lithium (LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 ). (Trifluoromethanesulfonyl) (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imidolithium (LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) (C 2 F 5 SO 2 )).
- the compound represented by the formula (28) is a cyclic imide compound.
- Examples of the cyclic imide compound include those represented by formulas (28-1) to (28-4).
- the compound represented by the formula (29) is a chain methide compound.
- Examples of the chain methide compound include lithium tris (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methide (LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 ).
- the content of the electrolyte salt is preferably 0.3 mol / kg to 3.0 mol / kg with respect to the non-aqueous solvent. This is because high ionic conductivity is obtained.
- This electrolyte contains a combination of the following materials.
- it is 1 type, or 2 or more types of lithium fluorophosphate, lithium fluoroborate, and imide lithium.
- the chemical stability is improved as compared with the case where the electrolytic solution does not contain a combination of a dicarbonate compound and the like, and lithium fluoride phosphate or the like, and the case where only one of them is contained. Therefore, since the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is suppressed at the time of charging / discharging, it can contribute to the performance improvement of the secondary battery using the electrolytic solution.
- the content of the dicarbonate compound or the like in the non-aqueous solvent is 0.001 wt% or more and 2 wt% or less, a higher effect can be obtained. Further, when the content of lithium fluorophosphate or the like in the non-aqueous solvent is 0.01% by weight or more and 0.5% by weight or less, a higher effect can be obtained.
- the electrolytic solution according to the second embodiment of the present invention is used for a secondary battery and includes a nonaqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt. Further, the electrolytic solution contains one or more kinds of compounds represented by the formulas (9) to (13) and one or more kinds of compounds represented by the formula (14). .
- the electrolyte solution contains a combination of the compounds represented by the formulas (9) to (13) and the compound represented by the formula (14) when both are not included or only one of them. This is because the chemical stability is improved as compared with the case.
- R1 and R3 are an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, or an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- R2 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group, an ether bond and an alkylene group, And a divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a group in which they are halogenated.
- R4 and R6 are alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, aryl groups or heterocyclic groups, or alkyl groups, alkenyl groups or alkynyl groups substituted by aromatic hydrocarbon groups or alicyclic hydrocarbon groups.
- R5 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group, an ether bond and an alkylene group, And a divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a group in which they are halogenated.
- R7 and R9 are an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, or an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- R8 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group, an ether bond and an alkylene group, And a divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a group in which they are halogenated.
- R11 to R18 are a hydrogen group or a halogen group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the compound represented by the formula (9) is a dicarbonate compound having a carbonate ester moiety (—O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—R) at both ends.
- R1 and R3 may be the same type of group or different types of groups.
- R1 and R3 are as follows.
- Examples of the alkyl group include the following groups. A methyl group, an ethyl group, an n (normal) -propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group or an isobutyl group; and sec (secondary) -butyl group, tert-tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, 2-methylbutyl group, 3-methylbutyl group, 2,2-dimethylpropyl group or n-hexyl group.
- alkenyl group examples include n-heptyl group, vinyl group, 2-methylvinyl group, 2,2-dimethylvinyl group, butene-2,4-diyl group and allyl group.
- alkynyl group examples include an ethynyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the above-described alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1-20, more preferably 1-7, and still more preferably 1-4. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- an alkyl group substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group for example, the aromatic hydrocarbon group includes a phenyl group, and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group includes a cyclohexyl group. It is done.
- the alkyl group (aralkyl group) substituted by a phenyl group is, for example, a benzyl group or a 2-phenylethyl group (phenethyl group).
- the halogen type of the halogenated alkyl group is not particularly limited, but among them, fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl) or bromine (Br) is preferable, and fluorine is more preferable.
- the halogenated alkyl group include a fluorinated alkyl group. This fluorinated alkyl group is, for example, a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, or a pentafluoroethyl group.
- the “halogenated group” is a group in which at least a part of hydrogen groups (—H) in an alkyl group or the like is substituted with a halogen group (—F or the like).
- a group substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferable to a halogenated group, and a group not substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferable. More preferred.
- the number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited. The total number of carbon atoms of the aromatic hydrocarbon group or alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the carbon number of the alkyl group is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 7 or less.
- R1 and R3 may be derivatives such as the above-described alkyl groups.
- This derivative is a group in which one or two or more substituents are introduced into an alkyl group or the like, and the substituents may be hydrocarbon groups or other groups.
- the number of carbon atoms of the linear or branched alkylene group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 2 to 6, and still more preferably 2 to 4. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- the divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group may be a group in which one arylene group and one alkylene group are linked, or a group in which two alkylene groups are linked via an arylene group ( An aralkylene group).
- examples of R2 include the following groups.
- the divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms including an ether bond and an alkylene group is preferably a group in which at least two alkylene groups are connected via an ether bond and both ends are carbon atoms. .
- Such a group preferably has 4 to 12 carbon atoms. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- the number of ether bonds and the connecting order of ether bonds and alkylene groups are arbitrary.
- examples of R2 include groups represented by formulas (9-33) to (9-45). Further, when the divalent groups represented by the formulas (9-33) to (9-45) are fluorinated, they are represented by, for example, the formulas (9-46) to (9-54). Groups and the like. Of these, groups represented by formulas (9-38) to (9-40) are preferable.
- R2 may be a derivative such as an alkylene group as described above in the same manner as described for R1 and R3.
- the molecular weight of the dicarbonate compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200 to 800, more preferably 200 to 600, and still more preferably 200 to 450. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- dicarbonate compound examples include compounds represented by formula (9-1) to formula (9-12). This is because sufficient solubility and compatibility are obtained, and the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is sufficiently improved. However, compounds other than the compounds represented by the formulas (9-1) to (9-12) may be used.
- the compound represented by the formula (10) is a dicarboxylic acid compound having a carboxylic acid moiety (—O—C ( ⁇ O) —R) at both ends.
- R4 and R6 may be the same type of group or different types of groups. Details regarding R4 and R6 are the same as those for R1 and R3 described above, and details regarding R5 are the same as those for R2 described above.
- the molecular weight of the dicarboxylic acid compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 162 to 1000, more preferably 162 to 500, and still more preferably 162 to 300. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- dicarboxylic acid compound examples include compounds represented by formula (10-1) to formula (10-17). This is because sufficient solubility and compatibility are obtained, and the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is sufficiently improved. However, compounds other than the compounds represented by formula (10-1) to formula (10-17) may be used.
- the compound represented by the formula (11) is a disulfonic acid compound having a sulfonic acid moiety (—O—S ( ⁇ O) 2 —R) at both ends.
- R7 and R9 may be the same type of group or different types of groups. The details regarding R7 and R9 are the same as those of R1 and R3 described above, and the details regarding R8 are the same as those of R2 described above.
- the molecular weight of the disulfonic acid compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200 to 800, more preferably 200 to 600, and still more preferably 200 to 450. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- disulfonic acid compound examples include compounds represented by formula (11-1) to formula (11-9). This is because sufficient solubility and compatibility are obtained, and the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is sufficiently improved. However, compounds other than the compounds shown in Formula (11-1) to Formula (11-9) may be used.
- the compound represented by the formula (12) is lithium monofluorophosphate, and the compound represented by the formula (13) is lithium difluorophosphate.
- the compound represented by the formula (14) is a spirodilactone compound having two ⁇ -lactone rings, and is 1,6-dioxaspiro [4,4] nonane-2,7-dione or a derivative thereof.
- This derivative refers to other derivatives in which one or more of hydrogen atoms contained as constituent elements in 1,6-dioxaspiro [4,4] nonane-2,7-dione are replaced with other atoms or atomic groups.
- R11 to R18 may be the same type of group or different types of groups. Details of R11 to R18 are as follows.
- halogen group is not particularly limited, but among them, a fluorine group is preferable. This is because it contributes to the improvement of the chemical stability of the electrolyte rather than the case of a chlorine group or the like.
- the alkyl group is not particularly limited as long as it has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and the structure may be linear or branched.
- the reason why the carbon number is within the above range is that excellent solubility and compatibility are obtained.
- it is preferable that carbon number of an alkyl group is 2 or less. This is because more excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- Specific examples of such an alkyl group include those similar to the specific examples of the alkyl group described in the details of R1 and R3. The same applies to the structure of the alkoxy group and the preferred number of carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group and an ethoxy group.
- the alkenyl group is not particularly limited as long as it has 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and the structure thereof may be linear or branched.
- the reason why the alkenyl group has 2 to 12 carbon atoms is the same as the carbon number of the alkyl group described above.
- the carbon number of an alkenyl group is 3 or less for the same reason as carbon number, such as an above-described alkyl group.
- Specific examples of such alkenyl groups include those similar to the specific examples of alkenyl groups described above in detail for R1 and R3. The same applies to the structure of the alkynyl group, preferred carbon number and specific examples.
- the aryl group is not particularly limited as long as it has 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- it may be a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrene group or an anthracene group.
- the reason why the aryl group has 6 to 18 carbon atoms is the same as the carbon number of the above-described alkyl group or the like.
- halogenated alkyl group and the like are the same as the halogenated alkyl group and the like described in the details of R1 and R3 described above.
- R11 to R18 may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure, and the ring structure may be, for example, an aromatic ring, a heterocyclic ring, or an alicyclic ring, and is not particularly limited.
- R11 to R18 may be a derivative such as an alkyl group described above. This derivative is a group in which one or two or more substituents are introduced into an alkyl group or the like, and the substituents may be hydrocarbon groups or other groups.
- spirodilactone compound examples include compounds represented by formula (14-1) to formula (14-10). This is because sufficient solubility and compatibility are obtained, and the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is sufficiently improved. However, compounds other than the compounds represented by formula (14-1) to formula (14-10) may be used.
- the contents of the dicarbonate compound, dicarboxylic acid compound, disulfonic acid compound, lithium monofluorophosphate and lithium difluorophosphate in the electrolytic solution are not particularly limited. Among them, the content is preferably 0.001 to 2% by weight, and more preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight. This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is further improved.
- the content of the spirodilactone compound in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight, and more preferably 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight. This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is further improved.
- Nonaqueous solvent and electrolyte salt The types of the nonaqueous solvent and the electrolyte salt are the same as in the first embodiment, for example.
- this electrolytic solution one or more of a dicarbonate compound, a dicarboxylic acid compound, a disulfonic acid compound, lithium monofluorophosphate and lithium difluorophosphate, and one or more of a spirodilactone compound.
- a dicarbonate compound a dicarboxylic acid compound, a disulfonic acid compound, lithium monofluorophosphate and lithium difluorophosphate
- a spirodilactone compound one or more of a spirodilactone compound.
- the content of the dicarbonate compound or the like in the non-aqueous solvent is 0.001% by weight or more and 2% by weight or less, a higher effect can be obtained. Further, when the content of the spirodilactone compound in the non-aqueous solvent is 0.01% by weight or more and 5% by weight or less, a higher effect can be obtained.
- the electrolytic solution according to the third embodiment of the present invention is used for a secondary battery and includes a nonaqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt. Moreover, electrolyte solution contains at least one of the compounds represented by Formula (15) and Formula (16), and at least one of the compounds represented by Formula (17) and Formula (18). Yes.
- the reason why the electrolytic solution contains both compounds in combination is that the chemical stability is improved as compared with the case where both of the compounds are not contained and the case where only one of them is contained.
- a halogenated group, a hydrogen group, or a halogen group provided that R1 to R8 may be bonded to each other and form a ring structure.
- a halogenated group, a hydrogen group, or a halogen group provided that R11 to R22 may be bonded to each other and form a ring structure.
- the compound represented by formula (15) is lithium monofluorophosphate
- the compound represented by formula (16) is lithium difluorophosphate.
- the contents of lithium monofluorophosphate and lithium difluorophosphate in the electrolytic solution are not particularly limited, but are preferably 0.001% by weight to 2% by weight. This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is further improved. Further, the content is preferably 0.001% by weight to 1% by weight. This is because an excellent battery capacity can be obtained. Note that the above-described content is applied to both the case where the electrolytic solution contains only one of lithium monofluorophosphate and lithium difluorophosphate and the case where both contain both.
- the compound represented by the formula (17) is a dioxane compound having a dioxane structure (—O—C ( ⁇ ) —O—).
- R1 to R8 may be the same type of group or different types of groups.
- R1 to R8 Details regarding R1 to R8 are as follows.
- the type of halogen group is not particularly limited, but among them, a fluorine group (—F), a chlorine group (—Cl) or a bromine group (—Br) is preferable, and a fluorine group is more preferable. This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is further improved.
- alkyl group examples include the following groups.
- alkenyl group examples include n-heptyl group, vinyl group, 2-methylvinyl group, 2,2-dimethylvinyl group, butene-2,4-diyl group and allyl group.
- Examples of the alkynyl group include an ethynyl group.
- Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a benzyl group, and a naphthyl group.
- Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a propoxy group.
- the alkyl group or the like has 12 or less carbon atoms and the aryl group has 18 or less carbon atoms is because excellent solubility and compatibility are obtained.
- the number of carbon atoms such as an alkyl group is preferably as small as possible, preferably 3 or less, and more preferably 2 or less.
- the aryl group preferably has as few carbon atoms as possible, more preferably 6. This is because more excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- the “group in which they are halogenated” is a group in which at least one hydrogen group of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or an alkoxy group is substituted with the above-described halogen group.
- the type of ring structure formed by R1 to R8 is not particularly limited, but among them, an aromatic ring or a cyclohexane ring is preferable, and an aromatic ring is more preferable. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- the aromatic ring include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, and an anthracene ring, and derivatives thereof may be used.
- Examples of the dioxane compound include one or more of compounds represented by formulas (17-1) to (17-18). This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained, and chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is improved. However, other compounds may be used as long as they have the structure shown in Formula (17).
- the compound represented by the formula (18) is a spirobidioxane compound having two dioxane structures.
- R11 to R22 may be the same type of group or different types of groups. Details regarding R11 to R22 are the same as those for R1 to R8.
- Examples of the spirobidioxane compound include any one kind or two or more kinds of compounds represented by formula (18-1) to formula (18-17). This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained, and chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is improved. However, other compounds may be used as long as they have the structure shown in Formula (18).
- the content of the dioxane compound and the spirobidioxane compound in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight. This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is further improved. Further, the content is more preferably 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight. This is because an excellent battery capacity can be obtained. In addition, above-described content is applied also when the electrolyte solution contains only either a dioxane compound or a spirobidioxane compound, and the case where both are included.
- the electrolytic solution may contain at least one of the compounds represented by the formulas (19) to (21). This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is further improved.
- R31 and R33 are an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, or an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- R32 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group including an arylene group and an alkylene group, an ether bond and an alkylene group, And a divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a group in which they are halogenated.
- R34 and R36 are an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, or an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- R35 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group including an arylene group and an alkylene group, an ether bond and an alkylene group, And a divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a group in which they are halogenated.
- R37 and R39 are an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, or an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- R8 is a linear or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group, an ether bond and an alkylene group, And a divalent group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a group in which they are halogenated.
- the compound represented by the formula (19) is a dicarbonate compound having a carbonate structure (—O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—R) at both ends.
- R31 and R33 may be the same type of group or different types of groups.
- R31 and R33 are as follows.
- Examples of the alkyl group include the following groups. A methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group or an isobutyl group; A sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a 2-methylbutyl group, a 3-methylbutyl group, a 2,2-dimethylpropyl group, or an n-hexyl group.
- alkenyl group examples include n-heptyl group, vinyl group, 2-methylvinyl group, 2,2-dimethylvinyl group, butene-2,4-diyl group and allyl group.
- alkynyl group examples include an ethynyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the above-described alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1-20, more preferably 1-7, and still more preferably 1-4. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- the alkyl group substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group for example, the aromatic hydrocarbon group includes a phenyl group, and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group includes a cyclohexyl group.
- the alkyl group (aralkyl group) substituted by a phenyl group is, for example, a benzyl group or a 2-phenylethyl group (phenethyl group).
- halogenated alkyl group examples include a fluorinated alkyl group.
- This fluorinated alkyl group is, for example, a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, or a pentafluoroethyl group.
- a group substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferable to a halogenated group, and a group not substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group is more preferable. preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited. The total number of carbon atoms of the aromatic hydrocarbon group or alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the carbon number of the alkyl group is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 7 or less.
- R31 and R33 may be derivatives such as the above-described alkyl groups.
- This derivative is a group in which one or two or more substituents are introduced into an alkyl group or the like, and the substituents may be hydrocarbon groups or other groups.
- the number of carbon atoms of the linear or branched alkylene group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 2 to 6, and still more preferably 2 to 4. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- the divalent group containing an arylene group and an alkylene group may be a group in which one arylene group and one alkylene group are linked, or a group in which two alkylene groups are linked via an arylene group ( An aralkylene group).
- examples of R32 include the following groups.
- the number of ether bonds and the connecting order of ether bonds and alkylene groups are arbitrary.
- examples of R32 include groups represented by formulas (19-33) to (19-45). Further, examples of the group in which the groups shown in the formulas (19-33) to (19-45) are fluorinated include groups represented by the formulas (19-46) to (19-54). Can be mentioned. Of these, groups represented by formulas (19-38) to (19-40) are preferable.
- R32 may be a derivative such as an alkylene group as described above in the same manner as described for R31 and R33.
- the molecular weight of the dicarbonate compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200 to 800, more preferably 200 to 600, and still more preferably 200 to 450. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- dicarbonate compound examples include one or more of the compounds represented by formula (19-1) to formula (19-12). This is because excellent solubility and compatibility are obtained and the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is sufficiently improved. However, other compounds may be used as long as they have the structure shown in Formula (19).
- the compound represented by the formula (20) is a dicarboxylic acid compound having a carboxylic acid structure (—O—C ( ⁇ O) —R) at both ends.
- R34 and R36 may be the same type of group or different types of groups. Details regarding R34 to R36 are the same as those of R31 to R33 described above.
- the molecular weight of the dicarboxylic acid compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 162 to 1000, more preferably 162 to 500, and still more preferably 162 to 300. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- Examples of the dicarboxylic acid compound include one kind or two or more kinds of compounds represented by formula (20-1) to formula (20-17). This is because excellent solubility and compatibility are obtained and the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is sufficiently improved. However, other compounds may be used as long as they have the structure shown in Formula (20).
- the compound represented by the formula (21) is a disulfonic acid compound having a sulfonic acid structure (—O—S ( ⁇ O) 2 —R) at both ends.
- R37 and R39 may be the same type of group or different types of groups. Details regarding R37 to R39 are the same as those of R31 to R33 described above.
- the molecular weight of the disulfonic acid compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200 to 800, more preferably 200 to 600, and still more preferably 200 to 450. This is because excellent solubility and compatibility can be obtained.
- Examples of the disulfonic acid compound include one or more of compounds represented by formula (21-1) to formula (21-9). This is because sufficient solubility and compatibility are obtained, and the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is sufficiently improved. However, other compounds may be used as long as they have the structure shown in Formula (21).
- the contents of the dicarbonate compound, dicarboxylic acid compound and disulfonic acid compound in the electrolytic solution are not particularly limited.
- the total content of lithium monofluorophosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, dicarbonate compound, dicarboxylic acid compound and disulfonic acid compound is 0.001% to 2% by weight, more preferably 0.001% by weight to More preferably, it is 1% by weight. This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is further improved.
- Nonaqueous solvent and electrolyte salt The types of the nonaqueous solvent and the electrolyte salt are the same as in the first embodiment, for example.
- This electrolytic solution contains at least one of lithium monofluorophosphate and lithium difluorophosphate and at least one of dioxane compound and spirobidioxane compound. For this reason, the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is improved as compared with the case where both are not combined and the case where only one of them is included. Therefore, since the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is suppressed at the time of charging / discharging, it can contribute to the performance improvement of the secondary battery using the electrolytic solution.
- lithium monofluorophosphate and lithium difluorophosphate in the electrolytic solution when the content of lithium monofluorophosphate and lithium difluorophosphate in the electrolytic solution is 0.001 wt% to 2 wt%, a higher effect can be obtained. Further, if the content of the dioxane compound and the spirobidioxane compound in the electrolytic solution is 0.01 wt% to 10 wt%, a higher effect can be obtained.
- the electrolytic solution contains at least one of a dicarbonate compound, a dicarboxylic acid compound and a disulfonic acid compound, a higher effect can be obtained.
- the electrolytic solution is used in, for example, a lithium secondary battery as follows.
- Lithium-ion secondary battery (cylindrical type)> 1 and 2 show a cross-sectional configuration of a lithium ion secondary battery (cylindrical type).
- a part of the spirally wound electrode body 20 shown in FIG. 1 is enlarged.
- the capacity of the negative electrode is expressed by occlusion and release of lithium ions.
- a wound electrode body 20 and a pair of insulating plates 12 and 13 are mainly housed in a substantially hollow cylindrical battery can 11.
- the wound electrode body 20 is a wound laminated body in which a positive electrode 21 and a negative electrode 22 are laminated and wound with a separator 23 interposed therebetween.
- the battery can 11 has a hollow structure in which one end is closed and the other end is opened, and is formed of, for example, iron, aluminum, or an alloy thereof.
- the battery can 11 is made of iron, for example, nickel or the like may be plated on the surface of the battery can 11.
- the pair of insulating plates 12 and 13 are arranged so as to sandwich the wound electrode body 20 from above and below and to extend perpendicularly to the wound peripheral surface.
- a battery lid 14, a safety valve mechanism 15 and a heat sensitive resistance element (Positive Temperature Coefficient: PTC element) 16 are caulked through a gasket 17 at the open end of the battery can 11, and the battery can 11 is sealed. .
- the battery lid 14 is formed of the same material as the battery can 11, for example.
- the safety valve mechanism 15 and the heat sensitive resistance element 16 are provided inside the battery lid 14, and the safety valve mechanism 15 is electrically connected to the battery lid 14 via the heat sensitive resistance element 16.
- the disk plate 15 ⁇ / b> A is reversed and the electric power between the battery lid 14 and the wound electrode body 20 is reversed. Connection is cut off.
- the heat sensitive resistance element 16 prevents abnormal heat generation due to a large current by increasing resistance in response to temperature rise.
- the gasket 17 is made of, for example, an insulating material, and asphalt may be applied to the surface thereof.
- a center pin 24 may be inserted in the center of the wound electrode body 20.
- a positive electrode lead 25 formed of a conductive material such as aluminum is connected to the positive electrode 21, and a negative electrode lead 26 formed of a conductive material such as nickel is connected to the negative electrode 22.
- the positive electrode lead 25 is welded to the safety valve mechanism 15 and is electrically connected to the battery lid 14, and the negative electrode lead 26 is welded to the battery can 11 and electrically connected thereto.
- the positive electrode 21 is, for example, one in which a positive electrode active material layer 21B is provided on both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector 21A.
- the positive electrode active material layer 21B may be provided only on one surface of the positive electrode current collector 21A.
- the positive electrode current collector 21A is formed of a conductive material such as aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), or stainless steel.
- the positive electrode active material layer 21B includes one or more positive electrode materials capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions as the positive electrode active material. If necessary, the positive electrode active material layer 21B includes a positive electrode binder or a positive electrode conductive agent. Other materials may be included.
- a lithium-containing compound is preferable. This is because a high energy density can be obtained.
- the lithium-containing compound include a composite oxide having lithium and a transition metal element as constituent elements, or a phosphate compound having lithium and a transition metal element as constituent elements.
- the chemical formula is represented by, for example, Li x M1O 2 or Li y M 2 PO 4 .
- M1 and M2 represent one or more transition metal elements.
- Examples of the composite oxide having lithium and a transition metal element include lithium cobalt composite oxide (Li x CoO 2 ), lithium nickel composite oxide (Li x NiO 2 ), or lithium represented by the formula (30). Examples include nickel-based composite oxides. Examples of the phosphate compound having lithium and a transition metal element include a lithium iron phosphate compound (LiFePO 4 ) or a lithium iron manganese phosphate compound (LiFe 1-u Mn u PO 4 (u ⁇ 1)). It is done. This is because high battery capacity is obtained and excellent cycle characteristics are also obtained.
- LiNi 1-x M x O 2 (30) (M is cobalt, manganese, iron, aluminum, vanadium, tin, magnesium, titanium, strontium, calcium, zirconium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, ytterbium, copper, zinc, barium, boron, chromium, silicon And one or more of gallium, phosphorus, antimony and niobium, and x is 0.005 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5.)
- examples of the positive electrode material include oxides, disulfides, chalcogenides, and conductive polymers.
- oxides include titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, and manganese dioxide.
- examples of the disulfide include titanium disulfide and molybdenum sulfide.
- An example of the chalcogenide is niobium selenide.
- examples of the conductive polymer include sulfur, polyaniline, and polythiophene.
- the positive electrode binder for example, one kind or two or more kinds of synthetic rubber or polymer material are included.
- the synthetic rubber include styrene butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, and ethylene propylene diene.
- the polymer material is, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride or polyimide.
- the positive electrode conductive agent for example, one kind or two or more kinds of carbon materials are included.
- the carbon material include graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, and ketjen black.
- the positive electrode conductive agent may be a metal material or a conductive polymer as long as it is a conductive material.
- a negative electrode active material layer 22B is provided on both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector 22A.
- the negative electrode active material layer 22B may be provided only on one surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A.
- the negative electrode current collector 22A is formed of a conductive material such as copper, nickel, or stainless steel, for example.
- the surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A is preferably roughened. This is because the so-called anchor effect improves the adhesion of the negative electrode active material layer 22B to the negative electrode current collector 22A. In this case, the surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A only needs to be roughened at least in a region facing the negative electrode active material layer 22B.
- Examples of the roughening method include a method of forming fine particles by electrolytic treatment. This electrolytic treatment is a method of providing irregularities by forming fine particles on the surface of the anode current collector 22A by an electrolytic method in an electrolytic bath.
- a copper foil produced by an electrolytic method is generally called an electrolytic copper foil.
- the negative electrode active material layer 22B includes one or more negative electrode materials capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions as a negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode binder, a negative electrode conductive agent, or the like as necessary. Other materials may be included. Note that details regarding the negative electrode binder and the negative electrode conductive agent are the same as, for example, the positive electrode binder and the positive electrode conductive agent, respectively. In this negative electrode active material layer 22B, for example, the chargeable capacity of the negative electrode material is larger than the discharge capacity of the positive electrode 21 in order to prevent unintentional deposition of lithium metal during charging and discharging. Is preferred.
- Examples of the negative electrode material include a carbon material. This is because the change in crystal structure at the time of occlusion and release of lithium ions is very small, so that a high energy density and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. In addition, it also functions as a negative electrode conductive agent.
- Examples of the carbon material include graphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon having a (002) plane spacing of 0.37 nm or more, or graphite having a (002) plane spacing of 0.34 nm or less. . More specifically, pyrolytic carbons, cokes, glassy carbon fibers, organic polymer compound fired bodies, activated carbon, carbon blacks, and the like. Of these, the cokes include pitch coke, needle coke, petroleum coke, and the like. The organic polymer compound fired body is obtained by firing and carbonizing a phenol resin or a furan resin at an appropriate temperature.
- the shape of the carbon material may be any of fibrous, spherical, granular or scale-like.
- examples of the negative electrode material include a material (metal material) having one or more metal elements and metalloid elements as constituent elements. This is because a high energy density can be obtained.
- This metallic material may be a single element, alloy or compound of a metal element or metalloid element, or may be two or more of them, or may have at least a part of one or more of those phases.
- the alloy in the present invention includes a material containing one or more metal elements and one or more metalloid elements in addition to a material composed of two or more metal elements.
- the alloy may contain a nonmetallic element.
- the structure includes a solid solution, a eutectic (eutectic mixture), an intermetallic compound, or a coexistence of two or more thereof.
- the metal element or metalloid element described above is, for example, a metal element or metalloid element capable of forming an alloy with lithium, and specifically, one or more of the following elements.
- at least one of silicon and tin is preferable. This is because the ability to occlude and release lithium ions is excellent, and a high energy density can be obtained.
- the material having at least one of silicon and tin may be, for example, a simple substance, an alloy, or a compound of silicon or tin, or two or more of them, or at least one of these one or two or more phases. You may have in a part.
- silicon alloys include materials having one or more of the following elements as constituent elements other than silicon. Tin, nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, indium, silver, titanium, germanium, bismuth, antimony or chromium.
- silicon compound include those having oxygen or carbon as a constituent element other than silicon.
- the silicon compound may have, for example, any one or more of the elements described for the silicon alloy as a constituent element other than silicon.
- silicon alloys or compounds include the following materials.
- Examples of the tin alloy include materials having one or more of the following elements as constituent elements other than tin. Silicon, nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, indium, silver, titanium, germanium, bismuth, antimony or chromium.
- Examples of tin compounds include materials having oxygen or carbon as a constituent element.
- the tin compound may have, for example, any one or more of the elements described for the tin alloy as a constituent element other than tin.
- Examples of tin alloys or compounds include SnO w (0 ⁇ w ⁇ 2), SnSiO 3 , LiSnO, and Mg 2 Sn.
- a simple substance of silicon is preferable. This is because a high battery capacity and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained.
- the simple substance is a simple substance in a general sense (may contain a small amount of impurities), and does not necessarily mean 100% purity.
- the material having tin for example, a material containing tin as the first constituent element and further containing the second and third constituent elements is preferable.
- the second constituent element is, for example, one type or two or more types of the following elements. Cobalt, iron, magnesium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium or zirconium. Niobium, molybdenum, silver, indium, cerium (Ce), hafnium, tantalum, tungsten (W), bismuth or silicon.
- the third constituent element is, for example, one or more of boron, carbon, aluminum, and phosphorus. This is because when the second and third constituent elements are included, a high battery capacity and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained.
- a material having tin, cobalt and carbon (SnCoC-containing material) is preferable.
- the carbon content is 9.9 mass% to 29.7 mass%, and the content ratio of tin and cobalt (Co / (Sn + Co)) is 20 mass% to 70 mass%. % By mass. This is because a high energy density can be obtained in such a composition range.
- This SnCoC-containing material has a phase containing tin, cobalt and carbon, and the phase is preferably low crystalline or amorphous.
- This phase is a reaction phase capable of reacting with lithium, and excellent characteristics can be obtained by the presence of the reaction phase.
- the full width at half maximum of the diffraction peak obtained by X-ray diffraction of this phase is 1.0 ° or more at a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ when CuK ⁇ ray is used as the specific X-ray and the drawing speed is 1 ° / min. Is preferred. This is because lithium ions are occluded and released more smoothly, and the reactivity with the electrolytic solution is reduced.
- the SnCoC-containing material may contain a phase containing a simple substance or a part of each constituent element in addition to the low crystalline or amorphous phase.
- a diffraction peak obtained by X-ray diffraction corresponds to a reaction phase capable of reacting with lithium can be easily determined by comparing X-ray diffraction charts before and after electrochemical reaction with lithium. .
- the position of the diffraction peak changes before and after the electrochemical reaction with lithium, it corresponds to a reaction phase capable of reacting with lithium.
- Such a reaction phase has, for example, each of the above-described constituent elements, and is considered to be low crystallization or amorphous mainly due to the presence of carbon.
- the SnCoC-containing material it is preferable that at least a part of carbon that is a constituent element is bonded to a metal element or a metalloid element that is another constituent element. This is because aggregation or crystallization of tin or the like is suppressed.
- the bonding state of the elements can be confirmed by, for example, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- Al—K ⁇ ray or Mg—K ⁇ ray is used as the soft X-ray.
- the energy calibration is performed so that the peak of 4f orbit (Au4f) of gold atom is obtained at 84.0 eV.
- the C1s peak of the surface contamination carbon is set to 284.8 eV, which is used as the energy standard.
- the waveform of the C1s peak is obtained in a form that includes the surface contamination carbon peak and the carbon peak in the SnCoC-containing material. Isolate.
- the position of the main peak existing on the lowest bound energy side is used as the energy reference (284.8 eV).
- the SnCoC-containing material may further contain other constituent elements as necessary.
- other constituent elements include one or more of silicon, iron, nickel, chromium, indium, niobium, germanium, titanium, molybdenum, aluminum, phosphorus, gallium, and bismuth.
- a material containing tin, cobalt, iron and carbon (SnCoFeC-containing material) is also preferable.
- the composition of the SnCoFeC-containing material can be arbitrarily set.
- the composition when the content of iron is set to be small is as follows.
- the carbon content is 9.9 mass% to 29.7 mass%
- the iron content is 0.3 mass% to 5.9 mass%
- the ratio of the content of tin and cobalt (Co / ( Sn + Co)) is 30% to 70% by weight.
- the composition in the case where the content of iron is set to be large is as follows.
- the carbon content is 11.9 mass% to 29.7 mass%.
- the content ratio of tin, cobalt and iron ((Co + Fe) / (Sn + Co + Fe)) is 26.4 mass% to 48.5 mass%, and the content ratio of cobalt and iron (Co / (Co + Fe)) ) Is 9.9 mass% to 79.5 mass%. This is because a high energy density can be obtained in such a composition range.
- the physical properties (half width, etc.) of this SnCoFeC-containing material are the same as those of the above-described SnCoC-containing material.
- examples of other negative electrode materials include metal oxides and polymer compounds.
- examples of the metal oxide include iron oxide, ruthenium oxide, and molybdenum oxide.
- examples of the polymer compound include polyacetylene, polyaniline, and polypyrrole.
- the negative electrode active material layer 22B is formed by, for example, a coating method, a gas phase method, a liquid phase method, a thermal spraying method or a firing method (sintering method), or two or more kinds thereof.
- the coating method is, for example, a method in which a particulate negative electrode active material is mixed with a binder and then dispersed in a solvent such as an organic solvent.
- the vapor phase method include a physical deposition method and a chemical deposition method. Specific examples include vacuum deposition, sputtering, ion plating, laser ablation, thermal chemical vapor deposition CVD, and plasma chemical vapor deposition.
- the liquid phase method include an electrolytic plating method and an electroless plating method.
- the thermal spraying method is a method of spraying the negative electrode active material in a molten state or a semi-molten state.
- the baking method is, for example, a method in which heat treatment is performed at a temperature higher than the melting point of a binder or the like after being applied in the same procedure as the application method.
- a known method can be used for the firing method.
- an atmosphere firing method, a reaction firing method, a hot press firing method, or the like can be given.
- the separator 23 separates the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 and allows lithium ions to pass through while preventing a short circuit of current due to contact between the two electrodes.
- the separator 23 is impregnated with the above-described electrolytic solution as a liquid electrolyte.
- the separator 23 is made of, for example, a porous film made of synthetic resin or ceramic, and may be a laminate of two or more porous films thereof.
- the synthetic resin is, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, or polyethylene.
- This secondary battery is manufactured by the following procedure, for example.
- the positive electrode 21 is manufactured. First, a positive electrode active material and, if necessary, a positive electrode binder and a positive electrode conductive agent are mixed to form a positive electrode mixture, and then dispersed in a solvent such as an organic solvent to form a paste-like positive electrode mixture slurry To do. Subsequently, the positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 21A and then dried to form the positive electrode active material layer 21B. Finally, the positive electrode active material layer 21B is compression-molded with a roll press or the like while being heated as necessary. In this case, compression molding may be repeated a plurality of times.
- the negative electrode 22 is produced by the same procedure as that of the positive electrode 21 described above.
- a negative electrode mixture in which the negative electrode active material and, if necessary, a negative electrode binder and a negative electrode conductive agent are mixed is dispersed in a solvent to obtain a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry.
- the negative electrode mixture slurry is applied to both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 22A and then dried to form the negative electrode active material layer 22B, and then the negative electrode active material layer 22B is compression molded as necessary.
- the negative electrode 22 may be manufactured by a procedure different from that of the positive electrode 21.
- a negative electrode material is deposited on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 22A by a vapor phase method such as an evaporation method to form the negative electrode active material layer 22B.
- a secondary battery is assembled using the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22.
- the positive electrode lead 25 is attached to the positive electrode current collector 21A by welding or the like, and the negative electrode lead 26 is attached to the negative electrode current collector 22A.
- the center pin 24 is inserted into the winding center.
- the wound electrode body 20 is accommodated in the battery can 11 while being sandwiched between the pair of insulating plates 12 and 13.
- the tip of the positive electrode lead 25 is attached to the safety valve mechanism 15 by welding or the like, and the tip of the negative electrode lead 26 is attached to the battery can 11.
- the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is suppressed during charging and discharging. Therefore, cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, and load characteristics can be improved.
- a metal material advantageous for increasing the capacity is used as the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode 22
- the characteristics are improved, so that a higher effect can be obtained than when a carbon material or the like is used.
- Other effects are the same as those of the electrolytic solution.
- FIG. 3 shows an exploded perspective configuration of a lithium ion secondary battery (laminate film type)
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view taken along the line IV-IV of the spirally wound electrode body 30 shown in FIG. Yes.
- This secondary battery is mainly one in which a wound electrode body 30 is housed inside a film-like exterior member 40.
- the wound electrode body 30 is a wound laminated body in which a positive electrode 33 and a negative electrode 34 are laminated and wound via a separator 35 and an electrolyte layer 36.
- a positive electrode lead 31 is attached to the positive electrode 33, and a negative electrode lead 32 is attached to the negative electrode 34.
- the outermost periphery of the wound electrode body 30 is protected by a protective tape 37.
- the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32 are led out in the same direction from the inside of the exterior member 40 to the outside, for example.
- the positive electrode lead 31 is formed of a conductive material such as aluminum
- the negative electrode lead 32 is formed of a conductive material such as copper, nickel, or stainless steel. These materials have, for example, a thin plate shape or a mesh shape.
- the exterior member 40 is, for example, a laminate film in which a fusion layer, a metal layer, and a surface protective layer are laminated in this order.
- the outer peripheral edges of the two layers of the fusion layers are bonded together by an adhesive or the like so that the fusion layer faces the wound electrode body 30.
- the fusion layer is, for example, a film of polyethylene or polypropylene.
- the metal layer is, for example, an aluminum foil.
- the surface protective layer is, for example, a film such as nylon or polyethylene terephthalate.
- the exterior member 40 an aluminum laminated film in which a polyethylene film, an aluminum foil, and a nylon film are laminated in this order is preferable.
- the exterior member 40 may be a laminate film having another laminated structure, a polymer film such as polypropylene, or a metal film.
- An adhesion film 41 is inserted between the exterior member 40 and the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32 in order to prevent intrusion of outside air.
- the adhesion film 41 is formed of a material having adhesion to the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32.
- a material is, for example, a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, modified polyethylene, or modified polypropylene.
- the positive electrode 33 is, for example, one in which a positive electrode active material layer 33B is provided on both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector 33A.
- a negative electrode active material layer 34B is provided on both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector 34A.
- the configurations of the positive electrode current collector 33A, the positive electrode active material layer 33B, the negative electrode current collector 34A, and the negative electrode active material layer 34B are respectively the positive electrode current collector 21A, the positive electrode active material layer 21B, the negative electrode current collector 22A, and the negative electrode active material layer.
- the configuration is the same as 22B.
- the configuration of the separator 35 is the same as the configuration of the separator 23.
- the electrolyte layer 36 is one in which an electrolytic solution is held by a polymer compound, and may contain other materials such as additives as necessary.
- the electrolyte layer 36 is a so-called gel electrolyte.
- a gel electrolyte is preferable because high ion conductivity (for example, 1 mS / cm or more at room temperature) is obtained and leakage of the electrolyte is prevented.
- polymer compound examples include one or more of the following polymer materials.
- polyvinylidene fluoride or a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropyrene is preferable. This is because it is electrochemically stable.
- the composition of the electrolytic solution is the same as the composition of the electrolytic solution described for the cylindrical secondary battery.
- the nonaqueous solvent of the electrolytic solution is a wide concept including not only a liquid solvent but also a material having ion conductivity capable of dissociating the electrolyte salt. . Therefore, when using a polymer compound having ion conductivity, the polymer compound is also included in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the separator 35 is impregnated with the electrolytic solution.
- lithium ions released from the positive electrode 33 are occluded in the negative electrode 34 through the electrolyte layer 36.
- lithium ions released from the negative electrode 34 are occluded in the positive electrode 33 through the electrolyte layer 36.
- the secondary battery provided with the gel electrolyte layer 36 is manufactured by, for example, the following three types of procedures.
- the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 are manufactured by the same manufacturing procedure as that of the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22.
- the positive electrode active material layer 33B is formed on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 33A to produce the positive electrode 33
- the negative electrode active material layer 34B is formed on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 34A to produce the negative electrode 34.
- the precursor solution is applied to the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 to form a gel electrolyte layer 36.
- the positive electrode lead 31 is attached to the positive electrode current collector 33A and the negative electrode lead 32 is attached to the negative electrode current collector 34A by a welding method or the like.
- the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 on which the electrolyte layer 36 is formed are stacked and wound via a separator 35 to produce a wound electrode body 30, and then a protective tape 37 is bonded to the outermost peripheral portion thereof.
- the outer peripheral edge portions of the exterior member 40 are bonded to each other by a heat fusion method or the like, and the exterior member 40 is wound around the exterior member 40.
- the rotary electrode body 30 is enclosed. In this case, the adhesion film 41 is inserted between the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32 and the exterior member 40.
- the positive electrode lead 31 is attached to the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode lead 32 is attached to the negative electrode 34.
- the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 are stacked and wound through the separator 35 to produce a wound body that is a precursor of the wound electrode body 30, and then a protective tape 37 is bonded to the outermost periphery.
- the remaining outer peripheral edge portion excluding the outer peripheral edge portion on one side is bonded by a heat fusion method or the like to form a bag-like
- the wound body is accommodated in the exterior member 40.
- an electrolyte composition containing an electrolytic solution, a monomer that is a raw material of the polymer compound, a polymerization initiator, and other materials such as a polymerization inhibitor as necessary is prepared to form a bag-shaped exterior member.
- the opening part of the exterior member 40 is sealed by the heat sealing
- the monomer is thermally polymerized to obtain a polymer compound, and the gel electrolyte layer 36 is formed.
- a wound body is prepared in the bag-shaped exterior member 40 in the same manner as in the second procedure, except that the separator 35 coated with the polymer compound on both sides is used.
- the polymer compound applied to the separator 35 include polymers (homopolymers, copolymers, multi-component copolymers, etc.) containing vinylidene fluoride as a component. Specifically, a binary copolymer having polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene as components, or a ternary copolymer having vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene as components. Etc.
- One or two or more other polymer compounds may be used together with the polymer containing vinylidene fluoride as a component.
- the opening of the exterior member 40 is sealed by a thermal fusion method or the like.
- the exterior member 40 is heated while applying a load to bring the separator 35 into close contact with the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 via the polymer compound.
- the electrolytic solution impregnates the polymer compound, the polymer compound is gelled to form the electrolyte layer 36.
- the electrolyte layer 36 contains the above-described electrolytic solution. Therefore, cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, and load characteristics can be improved by the same action as that of the cylindrical type. Other effects are the same as those of the electrolytic solution.
- Lithium metal secondary battery (cylindrical type, laminated film type)>
- the secondary battery described here is a lithium metal secondary battery in which the capacity of the negative electrode is represented by precipitation and dissolution of lithium metal.
- This secondary battery has the same configuration as the above-described lithium ion secondary battery (cylindrical type) except that the negative electrode active material layer 22B is formed of lithium metal, and is manufactured by the same procedure. Is done.
- This secondary battery uses lithium metal as a negative electrode active material, so that high energy density can be obtained.
- the negative electrode active material layer 22B may already exist from the time of assembly, but does not exist at the time of assembly, and may be formed of lithium metal deposited during charging. Further, the negative electrode current collector 22A may be omitted by using the negative electrode active material layer 22B as a current collector.
- lithium ions released from the positive electrode 21 are deposited as lithium metal on the surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A through the electrolytic solution.
- lithium metal is eluted from the negative electrode active material layer 22B as lithium ions and inserted into the positive electrode 21 via the electrolytic solution.
- the lithium metal secondary battery described above is not limited to a cylindrical type, and may be a laminated film type. In this case, the same effect can be obtained.
- the secondary battery can be used as long as it is a machine, device, instrument, device or system (an assembly of multiple devices) that can be used as a power source for driving or a power storage source for storing power.
- a power source for driving or a power storage source for storing power.
- the secondary battery may be a main power source (a power source used preferentially) or an auxiliary power source (a power source used in place of or switched from the main power source).
- the type of the main power source is not limited to the secondary battery.
- Examples of uses of the secondary battery include the following uses.
- a portable device such as a portable information terminal (PDA: Personal Digital Assistant).
- PDA Personal Digital Assistant
- non-portable (stationary) equipment such as a large television or a stereo may be used. It is a household device such as an electric shaver, refrigerator, air conditioner, water heater, microwave oven, dishwasher, washing machine, dryer, toy or lighting device.
- a storage device such as a backup power supply or a memory card.
- An electric power tool such as an electric drill or an electric saw. Medical devices such as pacemakers or hearing aids.
- a power source such as a battery pack. Others are traffic lights or robots.
- An electric vehicle (including a hybrid vehicle), a railway vehicle, a golf cart or an electric cart.
- a secondary battery is used as the above-described main power supply or auxiliary power supply.
- a power storage device such as a load conditioner that accumulates electric power in case of an emergency.
- This power storage device may be a power storage power source for buildings or power generation facilities represented by houses.
- the battery pack includes, for example, a secondary battery, a control unit that controls the secondary battery, and an exterior that encloses the secondary battery.
- the electronic device performs various functions upon receiving power from the secondary battery.
- the electric vehicle includes a conversion device that receives supply of electric power from the secondary battery and converts it into driving force of the vehicle, and a control device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the secondary battery. .
- Example of First Embodiment> (Experimental Examples 1-1 to 1-59) The cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was produced by the following procedure.
- the positive electrode 21 was produced.
- lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) and cobalt carbonate (CoCO 2 ) are first mixed at a molar ratio of 0.5: 1, and then calcined in air at 900 ° C. for 5 hours.
- a cobalt composite oxide (LiCoO 2 ) was obtained.
- 91 parts by mass of LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode active material, 6 parts by mass of graphite as a positive electrode conductive agent, and 3 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as a positive electrode binder were mixed to obtain a positive electrode mixture.
- the positive electrode mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to obtain a paste-like positive electrode mixture slurry.
- the positive electrode mixture slurry was applied to both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 21A with a coating apparatus and then dried to form the positive electrode active material layer 21B.
- the positive electrode active material layer 21B was compression molded with a roll press.
- the negative electrode 22 was produced.
- a carbon material artificial graphite
- 10 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as a negative electrode binder
- the negative electrode mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to obtain a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry.
- the negative electrode mixture slurry was applied to both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 22A with a coating apparatus and then dried to form the negative electrode active material layer 22B.
- the negative electrode active material layer 22B was compression molded with a roll press.
- an electrolyte salt and other materials were added to the non-aqueous solvent to prepare an electrolyte solution having the compositions shown in Tables 1 to 4.
- Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) was used as the electrolyte salt, and the content thereof was 1 mol / kg with respect to the solvent.
- the types and contents of other materials are as shown in Tables 1 to 4.
- a secondary battery was assembled using the electrolyte together with the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22.
- the positive electrode lead 25 was welded to the positive electrode current collector 21A
- the negative electrode lead 26 was welded to the negative electrode current collector 22A.
- the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 were laminated and wound through the separator 23 to produce the wound electrode body 20, and then the center pin 24 was inserted into the winding center.
- the wound electrode body 20 was sandwiched between the pair of insulating plates 12 and 13 and housed inside the nickel-plated iron battery can 11.
- the positive electrode lead 25 was welded to the safety valve mechanism 15 and the negative electrode lead 26 was welded to the battery can 11. Subsequently, an electrolytic solution was injected into the battery can 11 by a reduced pressure method to impregnate the separator 23. Finally, the battery lid 14, the safety valve mechanism 15, and the heat sensitive resistance element 16 were caulked to the opening end of the battery can 11 via the gasket 17, and they were fixed. Thereby, a cylindrical secondary battery was completed. When producing this secondary battery, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer 21B was adjusted so that lithium metal did not deposit on the negative electrode 22 during full charge.
- cycle maintenance ratio (%) (discharge capacity at the 100th cycle / discharge capacity at the second cycle) ⁇ 100 was calculated.
- constant current constant voltage charging was performed up to an upper limit voltage of 4.2 V with a current of 0.2C.
- constant current discharge was performed with a current of 0.2 C to a final voltage of 2.5 V. This “0.2 C” is a current value at which the theoretical capacity can be discharged in 5 hours.
- LiPF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 or the like when LiPF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 or the like is combined with LiPF 2 O 2 or the like, the content of LiPF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 or the like is 0.01 wt% to 0.5 wt%. % Or a content of LiPF 2 O 2 or the like was 0.001 to 2% by weight, good results were obtained.
- FEC bis (fluoromethyl) carbonate
- FEC 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
- FEC trans-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
- CDFEC cis-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
- PPS Propene sultone
- SCAH succinic anhydride
- SPAH sulfopropionic anhydride
- the content in the non-aqueous solvent was 2 wt% for VC and 5 wt% for D
- Example 9 a secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1-3, except that the composition of the electrolyte salt was changed, and various characteristics were examined.
- the electrolyte salt lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), (4,4,4-trifluorobutyrate oxalate) lithium borate (LiTFOB) shown in the formula (25-8), or Bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imidolithium (LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 : LiTFSI) was used.
- the content of LiPF 6 was 0.9 mol / kg with respect to the non-aqueous solvent, and the content of LiBF 4 and the like was 0.1 mol / kg with respect to the non-aqueous solvent.
- Example 4-1 to 4-59 A secondary battery was fabricated in the same procedure as in Examples 1-1 to 1-59 except that silicon was used as the negative electrode active material and the composition of the nonaqueous solvent was changed as shown in Tables 10 to 13. Various characteristics were investigated. In the case of producing the negative electrode 22, silicon was deposited on the surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A by a vapor deposition method (electron beam vapor deposition method) to form the negative electrode active material layer 22B. In this case, the deposition process was repeated 10 times so that the total thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 22B was 6 ⁇ m.
- a vapor deposition method electron beam vapor deposition method
- the content of tin was 49.5% by mass
- the content of cobalt was 29.7% by mass
- the content of carbon was 19.8% by mass
- the content of tin and cobalt The ratio (Co / (Sn + Co)) was 37.5% by mass.
- the contents of tin and cobalt were measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission analysis, and the carbon content was measured by a carbon / sulfur analyzer.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- peak P1 was obtained as shown in FIG.
- a peak P2 of surface contamination carbon and a peak P3 of C1s in the SnCoC-containing material on the lower energy side (region lower than 284.5 eV) were obtained. From this result, it was confirmed that carbon in the SnCoC-containing material was bonded to other elements.
- the negative electrode active material layer 22B was compression molded with a roll press.
- the electrolytic solution contains a combination of a dicarbonate ester compound or the like and lithium fluorophosphate or the like.
- the cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, and load characteristics can be improved without depending on the type of the negative electrode active material, the composition of the nonaqueous solvent, the composition of the electrolyte salt, or the like.
- Example of Second Embodiment> (Experimental examples 8-1 to 8-21) The cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was produced by the following procedure.
- the positive electrode 21 was produced.
- lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) and cobalt carbonate (CoCO 3 ) are first mixed at a molar ratio of 0.5: 1, and then calcined in air at 900 ° C. for 5 hours.
- a cobalt composite oxide (LiCoO 2 ) was obtained.
- 91 parts by mass of LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode active material, 6 parts by mass of graphite as a positive electrode conductive agent, and 3 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as a positive electrode binder were mixed to obtain a positive electrode mixture.
- the positive electrode mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to obtain a paste-like positive electrode mixture slurry.
- the positive electrode mixture slurry was applied to both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 21A with a coating apparatus and then dried to form the positive electrode active material layer 21B.
- the positive electrode active material layer 21B was compression molded with a roll press.
- the negative electrode 22 was produced.
- a carbon material artificial graphite
- 10 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as a negative electrode binder
- the negative electrode mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to obtain a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry.
- the negative electrode mixture slurry was applied to both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 22A with a coating apparatus and then dried to form the negative electrode active material layer 22B.
- the negative electrode active material layer 22B was compression molded with a roll press.
- a secondary battery was assembled using the electrolyte together with the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22.
- the positive electrode lead 25 was welded to the positive electrode current collector 21A
- the negative electrode lead 26 was welded to the negative electrode current collector 22A.
- the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 were laminated and wound through the separator 23 to produce the wound electrode body 20, and then the center pin 24 was inserted into the winding center.
- the wound electrode body 20 was sandwiched between the pair of insulating plates 12 and 13 and housed inside the nickel-plated iron battery can 11.
- the positive electrode lead 25 was welded to the safety valve mechanism 15 and the negative electrode lead 26 was welded to the battery can 11. Subsequently, an electrolytic solution was injected into the battery can 11 by a reduced pressure method to impregnate the separator 23. Finally, the battery lid 14, the safety valve mechanism 15, and the heat sensitive resistance element 16 were caulked to the opening end of the battery can 11 via the gasket 17, and they were fixed. Thereby, a cylindrical secondary battery was completed. When producing this secondary battery, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer 21B was adjusted so that lithium metal did not deposit on the negative electrode 22 during full charge.
- cycle maintenance ratio (%) (discharge capacity at the 100th cycle / discharge capacity at the second cycle) ⁇ 100 was calculated.
- constant current constant voltage charging was performed up to an upper limit voltage of 4.2 V with a current of 0.2C.
- constant current discharge was performed with a current of 0.2 C to a final voltage of 2.5 V. This “0.2 C” is a current value at which the theoretical capacity can be discharged in 5 hours.
- the cycle maintenance ratio and the storage maintenance ratio are higher than when both are not used.
- the load maintenance rate remained below the same level.
- the compound represented by formula (14-1) is combined with LiPF 2 O 2 or the like, the cycle is maintained as compared with the case where both are not used and only one of them is used. The rate and the storage maintenance rate were significantly increased, and the load maintenance rate was also increased.
- the content of the compound represented by formula (14-1) is 0.01 wt% to 5 wt%, Alternatively, good results were obtained when the content of LiPF 2 O 2 or the like was 0.001 wt% to 2 wt%.
- Vinylene carbonate (VC), bis (fluoromethyl) carbonate (DFDMC), 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (FEC), trans-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (TDFEC) or cis-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (CDFEC).
- FEC 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
- TDFEC trans-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
- CDFEC cis-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
- PRS Propene sultone
- SCAH succinic anhydride
- SPAH sulfopropionic anhydride
- the content in the non-aqueous solvent was 2 wt% for VC and 5 wt% for DFDMC, FEC, TDFEC and CDFEC.
- the content in the non-aqueous solvent when FEC and VC were mixed was 5 wt% for FEC and 1 wt% for VC and the like.
- Example 10-1 to 10-3 As shown in Table 23, a secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Experimental Example 21-3 except that the composition of the electrolyte salt was changed, and various characteristics were examined.
- an electrolyte salt lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), (4,4,4-trifluorobutyrate oxalate) lithium borate (LiTFOB) shown in the formula (25-8), or Bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imidolithium (LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 : LiTFSI) was used.
- the content of LiPF 6 was 0.9 mol / kg with respect to the non-aqueous solvent, and the content of LiBF 4 and the like was 0.1 mol / kg with respect to the non-aqueous solvent.
- the content of tin was 49.5% by mass
- the content of cobalt was 29.7% by mass
- the content of carbon was 19.8% by mass
- the content of tin and cobalt The ratio (Co / (Sn + Co)) was 37.5% by mass.
- the contents of tin and cobalt were measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission analysis, and the carbon content was measured by a carbon / sulfur analyzer.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- peak P1 was obtained as shown in FIG.
- a peak P2 of surface contamination carbon and a peak P3 of C1s in the SnCoC-containing material on the lower energy side (region lower than 284.5 eV) were obtained. From this result, it was confirmed that carbon in the SnCoC-containing material was bonded to other elements.
- the SnCoC-containing material After obtaining the SnCoC-containing material, 80 parts by mass of the SnCoC-containing material as the negative electrode active material, 8 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as the negative electrode binder, 11 parts by mass of graphite and 1 part by mass of acetylene black as the negative electrode conductive agent Thus, a negative electrode mixture was obtained. Subsequently, the negative electrode mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to obtain a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry. Finally, the negative electrode mixture slurry is uniformly applied to both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 22A using a coating apparatus and then dried to form the negative electrode active material layer 22B, and then the coating film is compressed using a roll press machine. Molded.
- the electrolytic solution contains a combination of a dicarbonate compound and the like and a spirodilactone compound.
- the cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, and load characteristics can be improved without depending on the type of the negative electrode active material, the composition of the nonaqueous solvent, the composition of the electrolyte salt, or the like.
- Example of Third Embodiment> (Experimental Examples 15-1 to 15-21) The cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was produced by the following procedure.
- the positive electrode 21 was produced. First, lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) and cobalt carbonate (CoCO 3 ) were mixed at a molar ratio of 0.5: 1, and then calcined in air at 900 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a lithium cobalt composite oxide ( LiCoO 2 ) was obtained. Subsequently, 91 parts by mass of LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode active material, 6 parts by mass of graphite as a positive electrode conductive agent, and 3 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as a positive electrode binder were mixed to obtain a positive electrode mixture.
- LiCoO 2 lithium cobalt composite oxide
- the positive electrode mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to obtain a paste-like positive electrode mixture slurry.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the positive electrode mixture slurry was applied to both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 21A with a coating apparatus and then dried to form the positive electrode active material layer 21B.
- the positive electrode active material layer 21B was compression molded with a roll press.
- a carbon material artificial graphite
- polyvinylidene fluoride as a negative electrode binder
- a secondary battery was assembled using the electrolyte together with the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22.
- the positive electrode lead 25 was welded to the positive electrode current collector 21A
- the negative electrode lead 26 was welded to the negative electrode current collector 22A.
- the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 were laminated and wound through the separator 23 to produce the wound electrode body 20, and then the center pin 24 was inserted into the winding center.
- the wound electrode body 20 was sandwiched between the pair of insulating plates 12 and 13 and housed inside the nickel-plated iron battery can 11.
- the positive electrode lead 25 was welded to the safety valve mechanism 15 and the negative electrode lead 26 was welded to the battery can 11. Subsequently, an electrolytic solution was injected into the battery can 11 by a reduced pressure method to impregnate the separator 23. Finally, the battery lid 14, the safety valve mechanism 15, and the heat sensitive resistance element 16 were caulked to the opening end of the battery can 11 via the gasket 17, and they were fixed. Thereby, a cylindrical secondary battery was completed. In producing this secondary battery, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer 21B was adjusted so that lithium metal did not deposit on the negative electrode 22 during full charge.
- cycle maintenance ratio (%) (discharge capacity at the 100th cycle / discharge capacity at the second cycle) ⁇ 100 was calculated.
- constant current constant voltage charging was performed up to an upper limit voltage of 4.2 V with a current of 0.2C.
- constant current discharge was performed with a current of 0.2 C to a final voltage of 2.5 V. This “0.2 C” is a current value at which the theoretical capacity can be discharged in 5 hours.
- the cycle maintenance rate and the storage maintenance rate are higher than when both are not used or only one is used, and the load The maintenance rate also increased.
- the content of the dioxane compound or the like is 0.001 wt% to 2 wt%, or the content of LiPF 2 O 2 is 0.01 wt% to 10 wt%, Good results were obtained.
- Example 17-1 to 17-27 As shown in Table 31, a secondary battery was prepared in the same procedure except that the composition of the nonaqueous solvent was changed, and various characteristics were examined. In this case, the following non-aqueous solvent was used. Diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and propylene carbonate (PC).
- DEC Diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- Vinylene carbonate (VC), bis (fluoromethyl) carbonate (DFDMC), 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (FEC), trans-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (TDFEC) or cis-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (CDFEC).
- FEC 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
- TDFEC trans-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
- CDFEC cis-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
- PRS Propene sultone
- SCAH succinic anhydride
- SPAH sulfopropionic anhydride
- the content in the non-aqueous solvent was 2 wt% for VC and 5 wt% for DFDMC, FEC, TDFEC and CDFEC.
- the content in the non-aqueous solvent when FEC and VC were mixed was 5 wt% for FEC and 1 wt% for VC and the like.
- a secondary battery was prepared in the same procedure except that the composition of the electrolyte salt was changed, and various characteristics were examined.
- an electrolyte salt lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), (4,4,4-trifluorobutyrate oxalate) lithium borate (LiTFOB) shown in the formula (25-8), or Bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imidolithium (LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 : LiTFSI) was used.
- the content of LiPF 6 was 0.9 mol / kg with respect to the non-aqueous solvent, and the content of LiBF 4 and the like was 0.1 mol / kg with respect to the non-aqueous solvent.
- Example 19-1 to 19-21 A secondary battery was fabricated in the same procedure as in Experimental Examples 28-1 to 28-21, except that silicon was used as the negative electrode active material and the composition of the nonaqueous solvent was changed as shown in Table 33 and Table 34. Various characteristics were investigated. In the case of producing the negative electrode 22, silicon was deposited on the surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A by a vapor deposition method (electron beam vapor deposition method) to form the negative electrode active material layer 22B. In this case, the deposition process was repeated 10 times so that the total thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 22B was 6 ⁇ m.
- a vapor deposition method electron beam vapor deposition method
- the content of tin was 49.5% by mass
- the content of cobalt was 29.7% by mass
- the content of carbon was 19.8% by mass
- the ratio of tin and cobalt (Co / (Sn + Co)) was 37.5% by mass.
- the contents of tin and cobalt were measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission analysis, and the carbon content was measured by a carbon / sulfur analyzer.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- the negative electrode active material layer 22B 80 parts by mass of SnCoC-containing material as a negative electrode active material, 8 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as a negative electrode binder, 11 parts by mass of graphite and 1 part by mass of acetylene black as a negative electrode conductive agent were mixed to obtain a negative electrode mixture. Subsequently, the negative electrode mixture was dispersed in NMP to obtain a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry. Finally, the negative electrode mixture slurry was applied to both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 22A with a coating apparatus and dried to form the negative electrode active material layer 22B. Then, the negative electrode active material layer 22B was compression molded with a roll press.
- the electrolytic solution contains a combination of lithium fluorophosphate and dioxane compound. Therefore, cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, and load characteristics can be improved without depending on the type of the negative electrode active material, the composition of the nonaqueous solvent, the composition of the electrolyte salt, or the like.
- the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments and examples, the present invention is not limited to the modes described in the embodiments and examples, and various modifications are possible.
- the application of the electrolytic solution of the present invention is not limited to a secondary battery, but may be other devices such as a capacitor.
- the lithium ion secondary battery or the lithium metal secondary battery has been described as the type of the secondary battery, but is not limited thereto.
- the secondary battery of the present invention includes the capacity of the negative electrode including the capacity due to insertion and extraction of lithium ions and the capacity accompanying precipitation and dissolution of lithium metal, and the same applies to the secondary battery represented by the sum of these capacities. It is applicable to.
- a negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions is used as the negative electrode active material, and the chargeable capacity of the negative electrode material is set to be smaller than the discharge capacity of the positive electrode.
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the secondary battery of the present invention can be similarly applied to a case where it has another battery structure such as a square shape, a coin shape or a button shape, or a case where the battery element has another structure such as a laminated structure.
- the carrier may be, for example, another group 1 element such as sodium (Na) or potassium (K), a group 2 element such as magnesium or calcium, or another light metal such as aluminum. Since the effect of the present invention should be obtained without depending on the type of carrier, the same effect can be obtained even if the type of carrier is changed.
- the appropriate ranges derived from the results of the examples are described for the contents of the dicarbonate compound or the like or the lithium fluorophosphate.
- the explanation does not completely deny the possibility that the content will be outside the above range.
- the appropriate range described above is a particularly preferable range for obtaining the effects of the present invention. Therefore, as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained, the content may slightly deviate from the above ranges.
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Abstract
Description
(R10は、パーフルオロアルキル基あるいはパーフルオロアリール基である。mは、0~5の整数である。)
(R11は、パーフルオロアルキル基あるいはパーフルオロアリール基である。nは、0~3の整数である。)
1.電解液
1-1.第1実施形態
1-2.第2実施形態
1-3.第3実施形態
2.二次電池
2-1.リチウムイオン二次電池(円筒型)
2-2.リチウムイオン二次電池(ラミネートフィルム型)
2-3.リチウム金属二次電池(円筒型,ラミネートフィルム型)
3.二次電池の用途
<1-1.第1実施形態>
本発明の第1実施形態の電解液は、二次電池などに用いられるものであり、非水溶媒および電解質塩を含んでいる。また、電解液は、式(1)~式(5)で表される化合物の1種類あるいは2種類以上と、式(6)~式(8)で表される化合物の1種類あるいは2種類以上とを含んでいる。電解液が式(1)~式(5)に示した化合物と式(6)~式(8)に示した化合物とを組み合わせて含んでいるのは、両者を含んでいない場合およびいずれか一方だけを含んでいる場合よりも化学的安定性が向上するからである
(R10は、パーフルオロアルキル基あるいはパーフルオロアリール基である。mは、0~5の整数である。)
(R11は、パーフルオロアルキル基あるいはパーフルオロアリール基である。nは、0~3の整数である。)
式(1)に示した化合物は、両末端に炭酸エステル部分(-O-C(=O)-O-R)を有するジ炭酸エステル化合物である。R1およびR3は、同じ種類の基でもよいし、異なる種類の基でもよい。
非水溶媒は、以下で説明する有機溶媒のいずれか1種類あるいは2種類以上を含んでいる。なお、上記したジ炭酸エステル化合物、ジカルボン酸化合物およびジスルホン酸化合物は、以下で説明する非水溶媒から除かれることとする。
に限られず、他の化合物でもよい。
電解質塩は、例えば、以下で説明するリチウム塩のいずれか1種類あるいは2種類以上を含んでいる。ただし、電解質塩は、例えば、リチウム塩以外の他の塩(例えばリチウム塩以外の軽金属塩)を含んでいてもよい。
(mおよびnは1以上の整数である。)
(p、qおよびrは1以上の整数である。)
本発明の第2実施形態の電解液は、二次電池に用いられるものであり、非水溶媒および電解質塩を含んでいる。また、電解液は、式(9)~式(13)で表される化合物の1種類あるいは2種類以上と、式(14)で表される化合物の1種類あるいは2種類以上とを含んでいる。電解液が式(9)~式(13)に示した化合物と式(14)に示した化合物とを組み合わせて含んでいるのは、両者を含んでいない場合およびいずれか一方だけを含んでいる場合よりも化学的安定性が向上するからである。
式(9)に示した化合物は、両末端に炭酸エステル部分(-O-C(=O)-O-R)を有するジ炭酸エステル化合物である。R1およびR3は、同じ種類の基でもよいし、異なる種類の基でもよい。
非水溶媒および電解質塩の種類等は、例えば、第1実施形態と同様である。
本発明の第3実施形態の電解液は、二次電池に用いられると共に、非水溶媒および電解質塩を含んでいる。また、電解液は、式(15)および式(16)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも一方と、式(17)および式(18)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも一方とを含んでいる。電解液が両者の化合物を組み合わせて含んでいるのは、両者を含んでいない場合およびいずれか一方だけを含んでいる場合よりも化学的安定性が向上するからである。
式(15)に示した化合物は、モノフルオロリン酸リチウムであると共に、式(16)に示した化合物は、ジフルオロリン酸リチウムである。電解液中におけるモノフルオロリン酸リチウムおよびジフルオロリン酸リチウムの含有量は、特に限定されないが、中でも、0.001重量%~2重量%であることが好ましい。電解液の化学的安定性がより向上するからである。さらに、含有量は、0.001重量%~1重量%であることが好ましい。優れた電池容量が得られるからである。なお、上記した含有量は、電解液がモノフルオロリン酸リチウムあるいはジフルオロリン酸リチウムのいずれか一方だけを含む場合、および双方を含む場合のいずれについても適用される。
式(17)に示した化合物は、ジオキサン構造(-O-C(=)-O-)を有するジオキサン化合物である。R1~R8は、同じ種類の基でもよいし、異なる種類の基でもよい。
より置換された基である。
なお、電解液は、式(19)~式(21)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも1種を含んでいてもよい。電解液の化学的安定性がより向上するからである。
非水溶媒および電解質塩の種類等は、例えば、第1実施形態と同様である。
次に、上記した一連の電解液の適用例について説明する。ここで、電解液は、例えば、以下のようにしてリチウム二次電池に用いられる。
図1および図2は、リチウムイオン二次電池(円筒型)の断面構成を表しており、図2では、図1に示した巻回電極体20の一部を拡大している。このリチウムイオン二次電池では、負極の容量がリチウムイオンの吸蔵放出により表される。
この二次電池は、主に、ほぼ中空円柱状の電池缶11の内部に巻回電極体20および一対の絶縁板12,13が収納されたものである。この巻回電極体20は、セパレータ23を介して正極21と負極22とが積層および巻回された巻回積層体である。
正極21は、例えば、正極集電体21Aの両面に正極活物質層21Bが設けられたものである。ただし、正極活物質層21Bは、正極集電体21Aの片面だけに設けられていてもよい。
(Mはコバルト、マンガン、鉄、アルミニウム、バナジウム、スズ、マグネシウム、チタン、ストロンチウム、カルシウム、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、テクネチウム、ルテニウム、タンタル、タングステン、レニウム、イッテルビウム、銅、亜鉛、バリウム、ホウ素、クロム、ケイ素、ガリウム、リン、アンチモンおよびニオブの1種類あるいは2種類以上である。xは0.005<x<0.5である。)
負極22は、例えば、負極集電体22Aの両面に負極活物質層22Bが設けられたものである。ただし、負極活物質層22Bは、負極集電体22Aの片面だけに設けられていてもよい。
セパレータ23は、正極21と負極22とを隔離して、両極の接触に起因する電流の短絡を防止しながらリチウムイオンを通過させるものである。このセパレータ23には、液状の電解質として、上記した電解液が含浸されている。セパレータ23は、例えば、合成樹脂あるいはセラミックからなる多孔質膜などにより構成されており、それらの2種以上の多孔質膜が積層されたものでもよい。合成樹脂は、例えば、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリプロピレンあるいはポリエチレンなどである。
この二次電池では、充電時において、例えば、正極21から放出されたリチウムイオンが電解液を介して負極22に吸蔵される。一方、放電時において、例えば、負極22から放出されたリチウムイオンが電解液を介して正極21に吸蔵される。
この二次電池は、例えば、以下の手順により製造される。
図3は、リチウムイオン二次電池(ラミネートフィルム型)の分解斜視構成を表しており、図4は、図3に示した巻回電極体30のIV-IV線に沿った断面を拡大している。
ここで説明する二次電池は、負極の容量がリチウム金属の析出溶解により表されるリチウム金属二次電池である。この二次電池は、負極活物質層22Bがリチウム金属により形成されていることを除き、上記したリチウムイオン二次電池(円筒型)と同様の構成を有していると共に、同様の手順により製造される。
次に、上記した二次電池の適用例について説明する。
(実験例1-1~1-59)
以下の手順により、図1および図2に示した円筒型のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
表5~表8に示したように、非水溶媒の組成を変更したことを除き、実験例1-3,1-21,1-39,1-51と同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。この場合には、以下の非水溶媒を用いた。炭酸ジエチル(DEC)、炭酸エチルメチル(EMC)あるいは炭酸プロピレン(PC)である。炭酸ビニレン(VC)、炭酸ビス(フルオロメチル)(DFDMC)、4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン(FEC)、トランス-4,5-ジフルオロ-1、3-ジオキソラン-2-オン(TDFEC)あるいはシス-4,5-ジフルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン(CDFEC)である。プロペンスルトン(PRS)、無水コハク酸(SCAH)あるいは無水スルホプロピオン酸(SPAH)である。非水溶媒中の含有量は、VCを2重量%、DFDMC、FEC、TDFECおよびCDFECを5重量%とした。FECおよびVC等を混合した場合における非水溶媒中における含有量は、FECを5重量%およびVC等を1重量%とした。
表9に示したように、電解質塩の組成を変更したことを除き、実験例1-3と同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。この場合には、電解質塩として、四フッ化ホウ酸リチウム(LiBF4 )、式(25-8)に示した(4,4,4-トリフルオロブチル酸オキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム(LiTFOB)、あるいはビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドリチウム(LiN(CF3 SO2 )2 :LiTFSI)を用いた。LiPF6 の含有量は非水溶媒に対して0.9mol/kgとし、LiBF4 等の含有量は非水溶媒に対して0.1mol/kgとした。
負極活物質としてケイ素を用いると共に、表10~表13に示したように非水溶媒の組成を変更したことを除き、実験例1-1~1-59と同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。負極22を作製する場合には、蒸着法(電子ビーム蒸着法)で負極集電体22Aの表面にケイ素を堆積させて負極活物質層22Bを形成した。この場合には、10回の堆積工程を繰り返して、負極活物質層22Bの総厚を6μmとした。
表14~表17に示したように、非水溶媒の組成を変更したことを除き、実験例2-1~2-39と同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。
表18に示したように、電解質塩の組成を変更したことを除き、実験例3-1~3-3と同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。
表19および表20に示したように、負極活物質としてSnCoC含有材料を用いたことを除き、実験例4-1~4-59と同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。
(実験例8-1~8-21)
以下の手順により、図1および図2に示した円筒型のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
表22に示したように、非水溶媒の組成を変更したことを除き、実験例8-3,8-15と同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。この場合には、以下の非水溶媒を用いた。炭酸ジエチル(DEC)、炭酸エチルメチル(EMC)および炭酸プロピレン(PC)である。炭酸ビニレン(VC)、炭酸ビス(フルオロメチル)(DFDMC)、4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン(FEC)、トランス-4,5-ジフルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン(TDFEC)あるいはシス-4,5-ジフルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン(CDFEC)である。プロペンスルトン(PRS)、無水コハク酸(SCAH)あるいは無水スルホプロピオン酸(SPAH)である。非水溶媒の混合比は、重量比でEC:DEC=50:50、EC:EMC=50:50、PC:DMC=50:50、EC:PC:DMC=10:20:70とした。非水溶媒中の含有量は、VCを2重量%、DFDMC、FEC、TDFECおよびCDFECを5重量%とした。FECおよびVC等を混合した場合の非水溶媒中における含有量は、FECを5重量%およびVC等を1重量%とした。
表23に示したように、電解質塩の組成を変更したことを除き、実験例21-3と同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。この場合には、電解質塩として、四フッ化ホウ酸リチウム(LiBF4 )、式(25-8)に示した(4,4,4-トリフルオロブチル酸オキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム(LiTFOB)、あるいはビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドリチウム(LiN(CF3 SO2 )2 :LiTFSI)を用いた。LiPF6 の含有量は非水溶媒に対して0.9mol/kgとし、LiBF4 等の含有量は非水溶媒に対して0.1mol/kgとした。
負極活物質としてケイ素を用いると共に、表24に示したように非水溶媒の組成を変更したことを除き、実験例21-1~21-21と同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。負極22を作製する場合には、蒸着法(電子ビーム蒸着法)で負極集電体22Aの表面にケイ素を堆積させて負極活物質層22Bを形成した。この場合には、10回の堆積工程を繰り返して、負極活物質層22Bの総厚を6μmとした。
表25に示したように、非水溶媒の組成を変更したことを除き、実験例24-1,24-15と同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。この場合には、非水溶媒の混合比は、重量比でEC:DMC=50:50、EC:EMC=50:50、PC:DMC=50:50、EC:PC:DEC=10:20:70とした。非水溶媒中の含有量は、VC、DFDMC、FEC、TDFECおよびCDFECを5重量%とした。FECおよびVCを混合した場合の非水溶媒中における含有量は、FECを5重量%およびVCを2重量%とした。FECと、PRS、SCAHあるいはSPAHとを混合した場合の非水溶媒中における含有量は、FECを5重量%およびPRS等を1重量%とした。
表26に示したように、実験例23-1~23-3と同様に電解質塩の組成を変更したことを除き、実験例24-3と同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。
負極活物質としてSnCoC含有材料を用いる共に、表27に示したように非水溶媒の組成を変更したことを除き、実験例21-3,21-15,21-16,21-21と同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。
(実験例15-1~15-21)
以下の手順により、図1および図2に示した円筒型のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
表30に示したように電解液に他の材料を加えたことを除き、同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。
表31に示したように、非水溶媒の組成を変更したことを除き、同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。この場合には、以下の非水溶媒を用いた。炭酸ジエチル(DEC)、炭酸エチルメチル(EMC)および炭酸プロピレン(PC)である。炭酸ビニレン(VC)、炭酸ビス(フルオロメチル)(DFDMC)、4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン(FEC)、トランス-4,5-ジフルオロ-1、3-ジオキソラン-2-オン(TDFEC)あるいはシス-4,5-ジフルオロ-1、3-ジオキソラン-2-オン(CDFEC)である。プロペンスルトン(PRS)、無水コハク酸(SCAH)あるいは無水スルホプロピオン酸(SPAH)である。非水溶媒の混合比(重量比)は、EC:PC:DMC=10:20:70とした。非水溶媒中の含有量は、VCを2重量%、DFDMC、FEC、TDFECおよびCDFECを5重量%とした。FECおよびVC等を混合した場合における非水溶媒中における含有量は、FECを5重量%およびVC等を1重量%とした。
表32に示したように、電解質塩の組成を変更したことを除き、同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。この場合には、電解質塩として、四フッ化ホウ酸リチウム(LiBF4 )、式(25-8)に示した(4,4,4-トリフルオロブチル酸オキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム(LiTFOB)、あるいはビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドリチウム(LiN(CF3 SO2 )2 :LiTFSI)を用いた。LiPF6 の含有量は非水溶媒に対して0.9mol/kgとし、LiBF4 等の含有量は非水溶媒に対して0.1mol/kgとした。
負極活物質としてケイ素を用いると共に、表33および表34に示したように非水溶媒の組成を変更したことを除き、実験例28-1~28-21と同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。負極22を作製する場合には、蒸着法(電子ビーム蒸着法)で負極集電体22Aの表面にケイ素を堆積させて負極活物質層22Bを形成した。この場合には、10回の堆積工程を繰り返して負極活物質層22Bの総厚を6μmとした。
表35に示したように、電解液の組成を変更したことを除き、同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。
表36に示したように、非水溶媒の組成を変更したことを除き、同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。
表37に示したように、電解質塩の組成を変更したことを除き、同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。
表38に示したように、負極活物質としてSnCoC含有材料を用いたことを除き、同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。
Claims (18)
- 正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、前記電解液は、非水溶媒と、電解質塩と、式(1)~式(5)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも1種と、式(6)~式(8)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも1種とを含む、二次電池。
Li2 PFO3 …(4)
LiPF2 O2 …(5)
Li[PFm R106-m ] …(6)
(R10は、パーフルオロアルキル基あるいはパーフルオロアリール基である。mは、0~5の整数である。)
Li[BFn R114-n ] …(7)
(R11は、パーフルオロアルキル基あるいはパーフルオロアリール基である。nは、0~3の整数である。)
Li[N(SO2 F)2 ] …(8) - 前記式(1)に示した化合物は、式(1-1)~式(1-12)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも1種であり、
前記式(2)に示した化合物は、式(2-1)~式(2-17)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも1種であり、
前記式(3)に示した化合物は、式(3-1)~式(3-9)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも1種であり、
前記式(6)に示した化合物は、Li[PF3 (CF3 )3 ]、Li[PF3 (C2 F5 )3 ]、Li[PF4 (C2 F5 )2 ]、Li[PF4 (CF3 )2 ]、Li[PF4 (C3 F7 )2 ]、Li[PF5 (CF3 )]、Li[PF5 (C2 F5 )]、Li[PF5 (C3 F7 )]、Li[PF2 (C2 F5 )4 ]およびLi[PF2 (CF3 )4 ]のうちの少なくとも1種であり、
前記式(7)に示した化合物は、Li[BF3 (CF3 )]、Li[BF3 (C2 F5 )]、Li[BF2 (CF3 )2 ]、Li[BF(CF3 )3 ]、Li[B(CF3 )4 ]、Li[BF2 (C2 F5 )2 ]、Li[BF(C2 F5 )3 ]、Li[B(C2 F5 )4 ]、Li[BF3 (C3 F7 )]、Li[BF2 (C3 F7 )2 ]、Li[BF(C3 F7 )3 ]およびLi[B(C3 F7 )4 ]のうちの少なくとも1種である、
請求項1記載の二次電池。
- 前記電解液における前記式(1)~式(5)に示した化合物の含有量は、0.001重量%以上2重量%以下であり、前記電解液における前記式(6)~式(8)に示した化合物の含有量は、0.01重量%以上0.5重量%以下である、請求項1記載の二次電池。
- 正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記電解液は、非水溶媒と、電解質塩と、式(9)~式(13)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも1種と、式(14)で表される化合物とを含む、
二次電池。
Li2 PFO3 …(12)
LiPF2 O2 …(13)
- 前記電解液における前記式(9)~式(13)に示した化合物の含有量は、0.001重量%以上2重量%以下であり、前記電解液における前記式(14)に示した化合物の含有量は、0.01重量%以上5重量%以下である、請求項4記載の二次電池。
- 正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、前記電解液は、非水溶媒と、電解質塩と、式(15)および式(16)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも一方と、式(17)および式(18)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも一方とを含む、二次電池。
Li2 PFO3 …(15)
LiPF2 O2 …(16)
- 前記電解液における前記式(15)および式(16)に示した化合物の含有量は、0.001重量%以上2重量%以下であると共に、前記電解液における前記式(17)および式(18)に示した化合物の含有量は、0.01重量%以上10重量%以下である、請求項7記載の二次電池。
- 前記電解液は、式(19)~式(21)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも1種を含む、請求項7記載の二次電池。
- 前記負極は、負極活物質として、炭素材料、リチウム金属(Li)、あるいはリチウムイオンを吸蔵放出可能であると共に金属元素および半金属元素のうちの少なくとも1種を構成元素として有する材料を含む、請求項1ないし請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池。
- 二次電池に用いられると共に、
非水溶媒と、電解質塩と、式(1)~式(5)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも1種と、式(6)~式(8)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも1種とを含む、
電解液。
Li2 PFO3 …(4)
LiPF2 O2 …(5)
Li[PFm R106-m ] …(6)
(R10は、パーフルオロアルキル基あるいはパーフルオロアリール基である。mは、0~5の整数である。)
Li[BFn R114-n ] …(7)
(R11は、パーフルオロアルキル基あるいはパーフルオロアリール基である。nは、0~3の整数である。)
Li[N(SO2 F)2 ] …(8) - 二次電池に用いられると共に、
非水溶媒と、電解質塩と、式(9)~式(13)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも1種と、式(14)で表される化合物とを含む、
電解液。
Li2 PFO3 …(12)
LiPF2 O2 …(13)
- 二次電池に用いられると共に、
非水溶媒と、電解質塩と、式(15)および式(16)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも一方と、式(17)および式(18)で表される化合物のうちの少なくとも一方とを含む、
電解液。
Li2 PFO3 …(15)
LiPF2 O2 …(16)
- 請求項1、4、7、10のいずれか1項に記載した二次電池と、
前記二次電池を制御する制御手段と、
前記二次電池を内包する外装とを備えた、
電池パック。 - 請求項1、4、7、10のいずれか1項に記載した二次電池から電力の供給を受ける、
電子機器。 - 請求項1、4、7、10のいずれか1項に記載した二次電池から電力の供給を受けて車両の駆動力に変換する変換装置と、
前記二次電池に関する情報に基づいて車両制御に関する情報処理を行う制御装置とを備えた、
電動車両。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20120101042A (ko) | 2012-09-12 |
EP2511976A4 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
EP2511976A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
CN102640344B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
US20130052543A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
US11594758B2 (en) | 2023-02-28 |
CN102640344A (zh) | 2012-08-15 |
US20180048026A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
CN105633461A (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
US9806377B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 |
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