WO2010092947A1 - 長鎖アルキレン基含有エポキシ化合物 - Google Patents
長鎖アルキレン基含有エポキシ化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010092947A1 WO2010092947A1 PCT/JP2010/051865 JP2010051865W WO2010092947A1 WO 2010092947 A1 WO2010092947 A1 WO 2010092947A1 JP 2010051865 W JP2010051865 W JP 2010051865W WO 2010092947 A1 WO2010092947 A1 WO 2010092947A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/32—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups
- C08G59/3236—Heterocylic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3477—Six-membered rings
- C08K5/3492—Triazines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
- C08L63/06—Triglycidylisocyanurates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/28—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection
- H01L23/29—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection characterised by the material, e.g. carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid epoxy compound and a cured composition thereof.
- a crystalline epoxy resin has high heat resistance because its main chain skeleton is rigid or polyfunctional, and is used in fields where heat resistance reliability is required such as the electric and electronic fields.
- processing by casting molding using a liquid composition may be required, and the use range of crystalline epoxy resins limited to applications using solid materials such as transfer molding is limited.
- the physical properties of epoxy resins conventionally used for liquid molding such as casting molding are to improve the cured physical properties such as heat resistance, which are becoming increasingly demanding in the fields of adhesion, casting, sealing, molding, lamination, etc. The request is not fully satisfied. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for liquefying a crystalline polyfunctional epoxy resin that gives a cured product having high heat resistance.
- a highly crystalline epoxy compound for example, an epoxy resin in which a part of the epoxy group of tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate is esterified to lower the crystallinity to be liquefied is disclosed (Patent Document) 1).
- Patent Document 2 A compound in which an epoxy ring is bonded to a triazine trione ring via a long-chain alkylene group is disclosed (see Patent Document 2).
- Liquid epoxy resins are used for potting, coating, casting, etc. due to their ease of handling and low manufacturing problems such as viscosity increase due to crystallization. Due to the use of lead-free solder and the like, the properties required for the cured epoxy resin used for the sealing material and the like have become strict, and it has become difficult to satisfy the above properties with conventional liquid epoxy resins. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for liquefying a crystalline epoxy resin that gives a cured product having excellent physical properties such as high heat resistance such as a polyfunctional epoxy resin, and to expand the range of use.
- the present invention is used as a transparent sealing material for optical semiconductors, for example, a transparent sealing material such as an LED (light emitting element), the cured product maintains high transparency and high while maintaining good liquid handling.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a thermosetting composition from which an epoxy resin having a cured material property having bending strength can be obtained.
- the present invention has the following formula (1) as a first aspect:
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 each independently represent a branched or straight chain alkylene group or oxyalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and E 1 , E 2 , and E 3 each independently represent a formula (2):
- the thermosetting composition according to the first aspect which is a combination with an organic group represented by formula (3) or a hydrogen atom.
- the epoxy compound (A) according to the first aspect or the second aspect and an epoxy compound (B) having at least two epoxy groups and having a structure different from the epoxy compound (A)
- the mass ratio (A) / [(A) + (B)] of the epoxy compound (A) in the total mass of the epoxy compound (A) and the epoxy compound (B) is 1% by mass or more.
- Sex composition As a fourth aspect, the epoxy compound (B) is represented by the formula (4):
- T represents a divalent to pentavalent organic group, and the organic group is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, oxyalkylene group, arylene group, oxyarylene.
- thermosetting composition according to the third aspect which is a compound represented by: a group, a triazine trione ring or an oxycarbonyl group;
- a 5th viewpoint the thermosetting composition as described in any one of the 1st viewpoint thru
- the thermosetting composition according to the fifth aspect wherein the curing agent is an acid anhydride or an amine, and as a seventh aspect, 0.001 to 0.001 to a curing aid for the epoxy group.
- the thermosetting composition according to any one of the first to sixth aspects which is contained at a ratio of 0.1 equivalent.
- thermosetting composition liquid epoxy
- resin composition an epoxy resin having cured properties having high transparency and high bending strength, while maintaining good handling in a liquid state.
- Resin composition can be provided.
- Tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate is an epoxy compound having excellent heat resistance, weather resistance, light resistance, visible light transparency and the like due to the triazine trione skeleton.
- Tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate has the property that the physical properties of the cured product change depending on the curing temperature. This is because tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate has a rigid triazine trione skeleton, and the 2,3-epoxypropyl group is directly substituted with a triazine trione skeleton in a trifunctional trifunctional group having three carbons in the side chain.
- the cured products of these epoxy compounds can stabilize the glass transition temperature by improving the completeness of the curing reaction of the epoxy group, whereby the crosslink density is stable even in a heating environment and the toughness can be maintained. Moreover, since the curing reaction of the epoxy group is completed at the early stage of curing, the bending strength and elastic modulus are stabilized.
- an epoxy resin obtained by thermosetting a compound in which an epoxy ring is bonded to a nitrogen atom on a triazine trione ring via a long chain alkylene group has a long chain alkylene group on all three nitrogen atoms of the triazine trione ring of the compound.
- the case where an epoxy precursor is used as a part of the epoxy ring (for example, an allyl group) has a better curing strength than the case where the epoxy ring is bonded via.
- the epoxy ring via the above-mentioned long chain alkylene group has a high degree of freedom and high reactivity, so it is considered that all epoxy groups are involved in the reaction and change to a toughened cured product.
- the group is 2 to 15 mol% (epoxy purity 85 to 98 mol%) based on the total of the epoxy group (glycidyl group) and the epoxy precursor, the three-dimensional crosslinking is suppressed. It is considered that the strength is improved, and that the allyl groups are cross-linked by a polymerization reaction, whereby a stronger bond is formed than the ring-forming cross-linking between the epoxy groups, and the strength is further improved.
- This invention is a thermosetting composition containing the compound represented by Formula (1).
- the compound represented by the formula (1) itself or a compound represented by the formula (1) and a curing agent can undergo a curing reaction to form a cured product.
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 each independently represent a branched or straight chain alkylene group or oxyalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- alkylene group include alkylene groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as a methylene group, ethylene group, n-propylene group, isopropylene group, cyclopropylene group, n-butylene group, isobutylene group, s-butylene group, t -Butylene group, cyclobutylene group, 1-methyl-cyclopropylene group, 2-methyl-cyclopropylene group, n-pentylene group, 1-methyl-n-butylene group, 2-methyl-n-butylene group, 3-methyl -N-butylene group, 1,1-dimethyl-n-propylene group, 1,2-dimethyl-n-propylene group, 2,2-dimethyl-n-propylene group, 1-ethyl-n-propylene group
- oxyalkylene group examples include oxyalkylene groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as oxymethylene group, oxyethylene group, oxy n-propylene group, oxyisopropylene group, oxycyclopropylene group, oxy n-butylene group, oxy Isobutylene group, oxy s-butylene group, oxy t-butylene group, oxycyclobutylene group, oxy 1-methyl-cyclopropylene group, oxy 2-methyl-cyclopropylene group, oxy n-pentylene group, oxy 1-methyl-n -Butylene group, oxy 2-methyl-n-butylene group, oxy 3-methyl-n-butylene group, oxy 1,1-dimethyl-n-propylene group, oxy 1,2-dimethyl-n-propylene group, oxy 2 , 2-dimethyl-n-propylene group, oxy 1-ethyl-n-propylene group, Xycyclopen
- E 1 , E 2 , and E 3 in the formula (1) are each independently an epoxy-containing group represented by the formula (2), an organic group represented by the formula (3), or a hydrogen atom. Then, E 1 and E 2 and 85 to 98 mole% the proportion of the organic group represented by the formula (2) with respect to the total number of moles of E 3, preferably the proportion of 85 to 95 mol%.
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, respectively.
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 represent an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and E 1 , E 2, and E 3 represent an epoxy-containing group represented by Formula (2); A combination with an organic group or a hydrogen atom represented by the formula (3) is preferable.
- the epoxy compound represented by the formula (1) used in the present invention can be obtained by the following method using the compound represented by the formula (1-2) as an example.
- isocyanuric acid is converted to isocyanuric acid Na salt with sodium hydroxide.
- This reaction can be carried out in water at 0 to 100 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours.
- the isocyanuric acid Na salt is reacted with a halogenated alkene to obtain an alkene-substituted isocyanuric acid.
- This reaction can be performed, for example, in a DMF (dimethylformamide) solvent at 0 to 150 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours.
- X is a halogen atom, and monobromoalkene or monochloroalkene can be used as the halogenated alkene.
- the alkene-substituted isocyanuric acid can be oxidized with a peracid to obtain an epoxy compound.
- a peracid for example, metachloroperbenzoic acid, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide-tungstic acid, or the like can be used.
- This reaction can be carried out in a solvent such as methylene chloride and toluene at 0 to 110 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours.
- a solvent such as methylene chloride and toluene at 0 to 110 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours.
- the epoxy compound represented by the formula (1) used in the present invention can be obtained by the following method using the compound represented by the formula (1-4) as an example.
- tris (alkyleneoxyglycidyl) isocyanurate is obtained by reacting hydroxyalkyl isocyanurate with epihalohydrin.
- hydroxyalkyl isocyanurates include hydroxyethyl isocyanurate
- epihalohydrins include epichlorohydrin and epibromohydrin.
- the reaction is carried out in a solvent such as dioxane using BF 3 or tin chloride as a catalyst at 0 to 100 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours.
- Compounds represented by the above formula (1-5), formula (1-9), formula (1-10), formula (1-14) and formula (1-15) can also be synthesized in the same manner. .
- the precursors of the compounds represented by formulas (1-16) to (1-21), methyl and alkenyl-substituted isocyanuric acid are prepared by reacting isocyanuric acid with a halogenated alkene to form trialkenyl-substituted isocyanuric acid.
- This reaction can be performed, for example, in N, N-dimethylimidazolidinone in the presence of potassium carbonate at 0 to 150 ° C. for 1 to 20 hours.
- Other inorganic bases that can be used include potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.
- the present invention includes an epoxy compound (A) represented by the formula (1) and an epoxy compound (B) having at least two epoxy groups and having a structure different from that of the epoxy compound (A).
- the mass ratio (A) / [(A) + (B)] of the epoxy compound (A) in the total mass of (A) and the epoxy compound (B) is 1% by mass, preferably 1.5% by mass or more. It can be set as a certain thermosetting composition.
- This mass ratio (A) / [(A) + (B)] is 100% by mass, that is, the above-mentioned epoxy compound (A) can be used alone. When it is set as a mixed epoxy compound, it can be used in the range up to 50% by mass.
- the epoxy compound (B) represents an epoxy compound represented by the formula (4) or the formula (5), and is a compound having 2 to 5 epoxy groups in the molecule.
- n and m represent an integer of 2 to 5
- T is a divalent to pentavalent organic group
- the organic group is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group or oxyalkylene A group, an arylene group, an oxyarylene group, a triazinetrione ring, an oxycarbonyl group, or a combination thereof.
- the epoxy compound shown by Formula (4) and Formula (5) is illustrated below.
- Liquid epoxy compound modified by adding 0.8 mol of propionic anhydride to 1 mol of tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate (formula (4-1), manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name : Tepic path B22).
- Formula (4-1) is a compound represented by Formula (4-1-1), a compound represented by Formula (4-1-2), a compound represented by Formula (4-1-3), and
- the compound represented by the formula (4-1-4) has a molar ratio (4-1-1) :( 4-1-2) :( 4-1-3) :( 4-1-4) of about 35. %: Represents a mixture containing 45%: 17%: 3%.
- the viscosity at the time of production is 1800 mPas at 60 ° C., and after 90 days the viscosity is 1900 mPas at 60 ° C. and is stable.
- Liquid epoxy compound modified by adding 0.4 mol of propionic anhydride to 1 mol of tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate (formula (4-2), manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name Tepic Pass B26).
- Formula (4-2) includes a compound represented by Formula (4-2-1), a compound represented by Formula (4-2-2), and a compound represented by Formula (4-2-3). Represents a mixture containing a molar ratio (4-2-1) :( 4-2-2) :( 4-2-3) in a ratio of about 60%: about 32%: about 8%.
- the viscosity at the time of manufacture is 2800 mPas at 60 ° C., and after 90 days, the viscosity is 3000 mPas at 60 ° C. and is stable.
- Solid epoxy compound tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate (formula (4-3), trade name Tepic, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
- Liquid epoxy compound trade name Epicoat 828 (formula (4-4), manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resins Co., Ltd.).
- Liquid epoxy compound trade name YX8000 (formula (4-5), manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resins Co., Ltd.).
- Liquid epoxy compound trade name DME100 (formula (4-6), manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd.).
- Liquid epoxy compound trade name CE-2021P (formula (5-1), manufactured by Daicel Corporation).
- the curing agent may be contained in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 equivalents, preferably 0.8 to 1.2 equivalents, relative to the epoxy group of the epoxy compound.
- the equivalent of the curing agent to the epoxy compound is represented by an equivalent ratio of the curable group of the curing agent to the epoxy group.
- the curing agent include phenol resins, amines, polyamide resins, imidazoles, polymercaptan, acid anhydrides, and the like. Particularly preferred are acid anhydrides and amines.
- these curing agents are solid, they can be used by dissolving them in a solvent. However, the evaporation of the solvent causes a decrease in the density of the cured product and a decrease in strength due to the formation of pores, resulting in a decrease in water resistance.
- the agent itself is preferably liquid at normal temperature and normal pressure.
- phenol resin examples include phenol novolac resin and cresol novolac resin.
- amines examples include piperidine, N, N-dimethylpiperazine, triethylenediamine, 2,4,6-tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, benzyldimethylamine, 2- (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, diethylenetriamine, and triethylenetetramine.
- Tetraethylenepentamine diethylaminopropylamine, N-aminoethylpiperazine, di (1-methyl-2-aminocyclohexyl) methane, mensendiamine, isophoronediamine, diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 1,3-diaminomethylcyclohexane, xylene
- examples include diamine, metaphenylenediamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, and diaminodiphenylsulfone.
- liquid diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, diethylaminopropylamine, N-aminoethylpiperazine, di (1-methyl-2-aminocyclohexyl) methane, mensendiamine, isophoronediamine, diamino Dicyclohexylmethane and the like can be preferably used.
- Polyamide resin is produced by condensation of dimer acid and polyamine, and includes polyamide amine having a primary amine and a secondary amine in the molecule.
- imidazoles examples include 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-undecylimidazolium trimellitate, epoxy imidazole adduct, and the like.
- the polymercaptan is, for example, one having a mercaptan group at the end of a polypropylene glycol chain or one having a mercaptan group at the end of a polyethylene glycol chain, and preferably in liquid form.
- the acid anhydride is preferably an anhydride of a compound having a plurality of carboxyl groups in one molecule.
- acid anhydrides include phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, benzophenone tetracarboxylic anhydride, ethylene glycol bistrimellitate, glycerol trislimitate, maleic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl Tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methylendomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methylbutenyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, dodecenyl succinic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, methyl Examples include cyclohexene dicarboxylic acid anhydride and chlorendic acid anhydride.
- methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride methyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (methyl nadic acid anhydride, methyl hymic anhydride), hydrogenated methyl nadic acid which is liquid at normal temperature and normal pressure
- anhydrides methylbutenyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, a mixture of methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride and hexahydrophthalic anhydride.
- These liquid acid anhydrides have a viscosity of about 10 mPas to 1000 mPas as measured at 25 ° C.
- a hardening adjuvant when obtaining the said hardened
- Curing aids include organic phosphorus compounds such as triphenylphosphine and tributylphosphine, quaternary phosphonium salts such as ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, diethyl methyltriphenylphosphonium phosphate, 1,8-diazabicyclo (5,4, 0) Undecan-7-ene, 1,8-diazabicyclo (5,4,0) undecan-7-ene and a salt of octyl acid, quaternary ammonium salts such as zinc octylate and tetrabutylammonium bromide.
- These curing aids can be contained in a proportion of 0.001 to 0.1 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the curing agent.
- thermosetting composition is obtained by mixing the epoxy compound represented by the formula (1), a curing agent, and a curing aid if desired. Also, an epoxy compound (B) having at least two epoxy groups and an epoxy compound (B) having a structure different from that of the epoxy compound (A), a curing agent, and a curing aid, if desired, are mixed to form a thermosetting composition. Things are obtained. These mixing can be performed using a reaction flask or a stirring blade. Mixing is performed by a heating and mixing method, and is performed at a temperature of 60 ° C. to 100 ° C. for 0.5 to 1 hour. The obtained liquid epoxy resin composition (thermosetting composition) has an appropriate viscosity for use as a liquid sealing material.
- the liquid thermosetting composition can be prepared to an arbitrary viscosity and can be applied by a casting method, a potting method, a dispensing method, a printing method, etc., so that it is used as a transparent sealing material such as an LED. , Partial sealing can be performed at an arbitrary position.
- a liquid thermosetting composition is directly applied to a substrate such as an LED or the like in a liquid state by the above-described method, dried, and heated at a temperature of 100 to 200 ° C. to obtain a cured resin.
- a reactor equipped with a stirrer and a condenser was charged with 400 ml of dimethylformamide as a solvent, and 157.5 g of sodium isocyanurate and 361.4 g of 5-bromo-1-pentene were reacted at 120 to 125 ° C. for 6 hours.
- the salt was filtered off, extracted with toluene, washed with water, dried and evaporated to give 205 g of tris 5-pentenyl isocyanurate as a light brown oil.
- the obtained epoxy compound was tris (4,5-epoxypentyl) isocyanurate corresponding to the formula (1-2).
- the epoxy purity was 98%, which corresponds to the formulas (1-2), (1-7) and (1-12). It was a mixture of the following compounds.
- This epoxy compound was designated as (i-1).
- Tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate represented by the formula (4-3) (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name Tepic) was prepared. It was set as the epoxy compound (i-5).
- Liquid epoxy (trade name Tepic Pass B22, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was prepared. The synthesis method is described below. ⁇ -type tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd., epoxy value is 9.95 eq / kg) 894.7 g and toluene 400 g were equipped with a condenser, thermometer and stirrer. The reaction flask was charged and completely dissolved by heating to the reflux temperature. Next, 313.3 g of a propionic anhydride solution in which 0.38 g of triphenylphosphonium bromide was dissolved as a reaction catalyst was dropped into the above reaction system over 60 minutes.
- the composition of the obtained liquid modified epoxy resin was as shown in the above formula (4-1). Tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate is converted to compound (4-1-1), and one propionic anhydride is added to one epoxy group of tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate.
- An adduct (one adduct) obtained by adding two propionic anhydrides to two epoxy groups of compound (4-1-2), tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate (2 Adduct) is compound (4-1-3), and tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate has 3 epoxy groups added with 3 propionic anhydrides (3 adduct).
- the molar ratio of the compound (4-1-1) to the compound (4-1-4) in the modified epoxy resin (4-1-1): (4-1-2) : (4-1-3): (4-1-4) is 5%: 45%: 17%: 3%.
- This modified epoxy resin had a viscosity of 1800 mPas at 60 ° C. at the time of production, and was stable with a viscosity of 1900 mPas at 60 ° C. after 90 days.
- This epoxy compound (i-6) was designated.
- Liquid epoxy (trade name Tepic Pass B26, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was prepared. The synthesis method is shown below. ⁇ -type tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd., epoxy value is 9.95 eq / kg) 594.6 g and acetonitrile 80 g were equipped with a condenser, thermometer and stirrer. The reaction flask was charged and completely dissolved by heating to the reflux temperature. Next, 108 g of propionic anhydride solution in which 0.28 g of triphenylphosphonium bromide was dissolved as a reaction catalyst was dropped into the above reaction system over 60 minutes.
- composition of the obtained liquid modified epoxy resin was as shown in the above formula (4-2).
- Tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate is converted to compound (4-2-1), and one propionic anhydride is added to one epoxy group of tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate.
- An adduct (one adduct) obtained by adding two propionic anhydrides to two epoxy groups of compound (4-2-2), tris- (2,3-epoxypropyl) -isocyanurate (2
- the adduct is the compound (4-2-3)
- the molar ratio of the compound (4-2-1) to the compound (4-2-3) in the modified epoxy resin (4-2-1): (4 -2-2) :( 4-2-3) was 60%: 32%: 8%.
- This modified epoxy resin had a viscosity at the time of production of 2800 mPas at 60 ° C., and after 90 days, the viscosity was 3000 mPas at 60 ° C. and was stable. It was set as the epoxy compound (i-7).
- a liquid epoxy compound, trade name CE-2021P (manufactured by Daicel Corporation) represented by the formula (4-7) was prepared. It was set as the epoxy compound (i-8).
- (Curing agent) A mixture of 4-methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (70 mol%) and hexahydrophthalic anhydride (30 mol%) (trade name Portugalcid MH-700, manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd.) was prepared. Curing agent (ii-1) was used.
- (Curing accelerator) Tetrabutylphosphonium O, O′-diethylphosphodithiolate (trade name Hishicolin PX-4ET, manufactured by Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd.) was prepared. Curing accelerator (iii-1) was used.
- Example 1 In a four-necked flask, 22.0 g of epoxy compound (i-1) and curing agent (ii-1) 27.85 g was added, stirred and degassed at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, and 0.23 g of a curing accelerator (iii-1) was added to obtain a thermosetting composition. The obtained thermosetting composition was heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours and then heated at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a cured product.
- a curing accelerator iii-1
- Example 2 In a four-necked flask, 25.0 g of an epoxy compound (i-3) and a curing agent (ii-1) 28.8 g was added and stirred and defoamed at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes to give a curing accelerator (iii-1) 0.26 g was added to obtain a thermosetting composition. The obtained thermosetting composition was heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours and then heated at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a cured product.
- Example 3 In a four-necked flask, 0.44 g of the epoxy compound (i-3), 27.1 g of the epoxy compound (i-6), and 25.4 g of the curing agent (ii-1) are placed, and stirred and degassed at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes. And 0.275 g of a curing accelerator (iii-1) was added to obtain a thermosetting composition. The obtained thermosetting composition was heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours and then heated at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a cured product.
- Example 4 to Example 7 The ratio of the epoxy compound (i-3) to the epoxy compound (i-6) was 0.86 g: 28.1 g in Example 4, 1.43 g: 27.2 g in Example 5, and 2.57 g in Example 6. : 26.0 g, and in Example 7, except for changing to 4.44 g: 25.3 g, curing was performed by combining the epoxy value and the equivalent of the curing agent in the same manner as in Example 3.
- Example 8 In a four-necked flask, put 0.37 g of epoxy compound (i-3), 24.3 g of epoxy compound (i-8), and 31.25 g of curing agent (ii-1), and stir and degas at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes. Then, 0.245 g of a curing accelerator (iii-1) was added to obtain a thermosetting composition. The obtained thermosetting composition was heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours and then heated at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a cured product.
- a curing accelerator iii-1
- Example 9 to Example 12 The ratio of the epoxy compound (i-3) to the epoxy compound (i-8) was 0.8 g: 25.9 g in Example 9, 1.26 g: 23.95 g in Example 10, and 2.23 g in Example 11. : 22.2 g, and in Example 12, except for changing to 3.82 g: 21.5 g, curing was performed by combining the epoxy value and the equivalent of the curing agent in the same manner as in Example 8.
- Example 13 Put 0.4 g of epoxy compound (i-3), 25.75 g of epoxy compound (i-7), and 31.65 g of curing agent (ii-1) in a four-necked flask, and stir and degas for 30 minutes at 80 ° C. And 0.26 g of a curing accelerator (iii-1) was added to obtain a thermosetting composition. The obtained thermosetting composition was heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours and then heated at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a cured product.
- Example 14 to Example 16 The ratio of the epoxy compound (i-3) to the epoxy compound (i-7) was 0.83 g: 25.8 g in Example 14, 1.3 g: 24.05 g in Example 15, and 2.3 g in Example 16. : Except having changed to 23.0 g, the epoxy value and the curing agent were combined in the same manner as in Example 13 for curing.
- Example 17 In a four-necked flask, put 0.3 g of epoxy compound (i-3), 19.7 g of epoxy compound (i-5), and 32.7 g of curing agent (ii-1), and stir and degas at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes. And 0.2 g of a curing accelerator (iii-1) was added to obtain a thermosetting composition. The obtained thermosetting composition was heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours and then heated at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a cured product.
- a curing accelerator iii-1
- Example 18 The ratio of the epoxy compound (i-3) to the epoxy compound (i-5) was 0.67 g: 21.65 g in Example 18, 1.17 g: 22.2 g in Example 19, and 1.98 g in Example 20. : Except having changed to 19.8 g, curing was performed in the same manner as in Example 17 by combining the epoxy value and the equivalent of the curing agent.
- Example 21 In a four-necked flask, 22.0 g of the epoxy compound (i-9) and 27.85 g of the curing agent (ii-1) were placed, and defoamed with stirring at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a curing accelerator (iii-1) 0 .23 g was added to obtain a thermosetting composition. The obtained thermosetting composition was heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours and then heated at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a cured product.
- Comparative Example 1 Put 24.25 g of epoxy compound (i-2) and 30.75 g of curing agent (ii-1) in a four-necked flask, stir and degas for 30 minutes at 80 ° C., and cure accelerator (iii-1) 0 .25 g was added to obtain a thermosetting composition. The obtained thermosetting composition was heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours and then heated at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a cured product.
- thermosetting composition In a four-necked flask, 25.05 g of the epoxy compound (i-4) and 26.5 g of the curing agent (ii-1) were placed, stirred and degassed at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the curing accelerator (iii-1) 0 .25 g was added to obtain a thermosetting composition. The obtained thermosetting composition was heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours and then heated at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a cured product.
- Comparative Example 3 Into a four-necked flask was placed 30.25 g of epoxy compound (i-6) and 27.75 g of curing agent (ii-1), and the mixture was stirred and degassed at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a curing accelerator (iii-1) 0 .3 g was added to obtain a thermosetting composition. The obtained thermosetting composition was heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours and then heated at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a cured product.
- a curing accelerator iii-1
- Comparative Example 4 Put 44.6 g of epoxy compound (i-8) and 31.15 g of curing agent (ii-1) in a four-necked flask, stir and degas for 30 minutes at 80 ° C., and cure accelerator (iii-1) 0 .25 g was added to obtain a thermosetting composition. The obtained thermosetting composition was heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours and then heated at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a cured product.
- thermosetting composition In a four-necked flask, 26.35 g of epoxy compound (i-7) and 31.85 g of curing agent (ii-1) were placed, stirred and degassed at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, and curing accelerator (iii-1) 0 .26 g was added to obtain a thermosetting composition. The obtained thermosetting composition was heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours and then heated at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a cured product.
- Comparative Example 6 In a four-necked flask, 20.0 g of the epoxy compound (i-5) and 32.8 g of the curing agent (ii-1) were placed, stirred and degassed at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the curing accelerator (iii-1) 0 0.2 g was added to obtain a thermosetting composition. The obtained thermosetting composition was heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours and then heated at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a cured product. The obtained cured product was measured for a three-point bending test (bending strength and flexural modulus), transmittance, linear expansion coefficient, glass transition temperature, and boiling water absorption. (Measurement of bending properties) Measurement was performed based on JIS K-6911 using a tensile tester.
- the flexural modulus (E): (MPa) ⁇ kgf / mm 2 ⁇ is obtained by the following formula as F / Y: gradient (N / mm) ⁇ kgf / mm ⁇ of the linear portion of the load-deflection curve.
- E [L 3 / (4 Wh 3 )] ⁇ [F / Y]
- the epoxy compound represented by the formula (1) from 2 to 15 of the nitrogen atom, compared to the case where an epoxy ring is bonded to all three nitrogen atoms in the formula (1) via a long chain alkylene group.
- the mol% is left as an epoxy precursor (for example, allyl group) (the ratio of (glycidyl group) in the terminal (glycidyl group + allyl group) of the formula (1) is 85 to 98 mol%, and the epoxy purity is 85 to It was found that a good epoxy cured product can be obtained.
- Example 1 The cured product of Example 1 (epoxy purity 98 mol%) and Example 2 (epoxy purity 89 mol%) has higher bending strength than the cured product of Comparative Example 1 (epoxy purity 99 mol%). Low boiling water absorption.
- the coefficient of linear expansion shows a certain range and can be used stably against changes in heat. From the comparison of flexural strength, the fact that the cured product using the epoxy has superior strength within a certain range of epoxy purity replaces the epoxy group within a certain range as well as the crosslinking of the epoxy group. It shows that the presence of an allyl group affects the cured material properties.
- the cured product of Example 1 (epoxy purity 98 mol%) and Example 2 (epoxy purity 89 mol%) has higher bending strength than the cured product of Comparative Example 2 (epoxy purity 82 mol%). With respect to the epoxy purity value, the bending strength of the cured product was lowered.
- the epoxy compound (A) in which the ratio of (glycidyl group) in the terminal (glycidyl group + allyl group) of the formula (1) is 85 to 98 mol% (epoxy purity 85 to 98 mol%);
- the mass ratio (A) / (A + B) is 1% by mass or more, preferably 1.5 to 50% by mass. By using this ratio, the bending strength can be improved while maintaining the transmittance and boiling water absorption value of the cured product as compared with the case where the epoxy of (B) is used alone.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、用途によっては、液状組成物を使用するキャスティング成型による加工が必要となる場合もあり、トランスファー成型など固形材料を使用する用途に限られる結晶性のエポキシ樹脂は使用範囲が限定されている。
しかし、従来、キャスティング成型など液状成型に使用されるエポキシ樹脂の物性は、昨今の接着、注型、封止、成型、積層等の分野で要求が厳しくなっている耐熱性等の硬化物性向上に対する要求を十分に満足するものではない。そこで高い耐熱性を有する硬化物性を与える結晶性の多官能エポキシ樹脂を液状化させる要求が高まっている。
結晶性の高いエポキシ化合物、例えばトリス-(2,3-エポキシプロピル)-イソシアヌレートのエポキシ基の一部をエステル化して結晶性を低下させ液状化させたエポキシ樹脂が開示されている(特許文献1参照)。
それ故、多官能エポキシ樹脂など高い耐熱性等、優れた物性を有する硬化物を与える結晶性のエポキシ樹脂を液状化させ、使用する用途範囲を広げる要求は高まっている。
第2観点として、前記R1、R2、及びR3が炭素数1乃至3のアルキレン基を表し、E1、E2及びE3が、式(2)で表されるエポキシ含有基と、式(3)で表される有機基又は水素原子との組み合わせである、第1観点に記載の熱硬化性組成物。
第3観点として、第1観点又は第2観点に記載のエポキシ化合物(A)と、少なくとも2個のエポキシ基を有し且つエポキシ化合物(A)とは異なる構造を有するエポキシ化合物(B)とを含み、エポキシ化合物(A)とエポキシ化合物(B)との合計質量中のエポキシ化合物(A)の質量比(A)/〔(A)+(B)〕が1質量%以上である、熱硬化性組成物、
第4観点として、前記エポキシ化合物(B)が式(4):
第5観点として、前記エポキシ基に対して硬化剤を0.5乃至1.5当量の割合で含有する第1観点乃至第4観点のいずれか一つに記載の熱硬化性組成物、
第6観点として、前記硬化剤が、酸無水物、又はアミンである第5観点に記載の熱硬化性組成物、及び
第7観点として、前記エポキシ基に対して硬化助剤を0.001乃至0.1当量の割合で含有する第1観点乃至第6観点のいずれか一つに記載の熱硬化性組成物。
本発明は式(1)で表される化合物を含む熱硬化性組成物である。式(1)で表される化合物自体が、又は式(1)で表される化合物と硬化剤と硬化反応を生じ硬化物を形成することが可能である。
アルキレン基としては炭素数1乃至6のアルキレン基が挙げられ、例えばメチレン基、エチレン基、n-プロピレン基、イソプロピレン基、シクロプロピレン基、n-ブチレン基、イソブチレン基、s-ブチレン基、t-ブチレン基、シクロブチレン基、1-メチル-シクロプロピレン基、2-メチル-シクロプロピレン基、n-ペンチレン基、1-メチル-n-ブチレン基、2-メチル-n-ブチレン基、3-メチル-n-ブチレン基、1,1-ジメチル-n-プロピレン基、1,2-ジメチル-n-プロピレン基、2,2-ジメチル-n-プロピレン基、1-エチル-n-プロピレン基、シクロペンチレン基、1-メチル-シクロブチレン基、2-メチル-シクロブチレン基、3-メチル-シクロブチレン基、1,2-ジメチル-シクロプロピレン基、2,3-ジメチル-シクロプロピレン基、1-エチル-シクロプロピレン基、2-エチル-シクロプロピレン基、n-ヘキシレン基、1-メチル-n-ペンチレン基、2-メチル-n-ペンチレン基、3-メチル-n-ペンチレン基、4-メチル-n-ペンチレン基、1,1-ジメチル-n-ブチレン基、1,2-ジメチル-n-ブチレン基、1,3-ジメチル-n-ブチレン基、2,2-ジメチル-n-ブチレン基、2,3-ジメチル-n-ブチレン基、3,3-ジメチル-n-ブチレン基、1-エチル-n-ブチレン基、2-エチル-n-ブチレン基、1,1,2-トリメチル-n-プロピレン基、1,2,2-トリメチル-n-プロピレン基、1-エチル-1-メチル-n-プロピレン基、1-エチル-2-メチル-n-プロピレン基、シクロヘキシレン基、1-メチル-シクロペンチレン基、2-メチル-シクロペンチレン基、3-メチル-シクロペンチレン基、1-エチル-シクロブチレン基、2-エチル-シクロブチレン基、3-エチル-シクロブチレン基、1,2-ジメチル-シクロブチレン基、1,3-ジメチル-シクロブチレン基、2,2-ジメチル-シクロブチレン基、2,3-ジメチル-シクロブチレン基、2,4-ジメチル-シクロブチレン基、3,3-ジメチル-シクロブチレン基、1-n-プロピル-シクロプロピレン基、2-n-プロピル-シクロプロピレン基、1-イソプロピル-シクロプロピレン基、2-イソプロピル-シクロプロピレン基、1,2,2-トリメチル-シクロプロピレン基、1,2,3-トリメチル-シクロプロピレン基、2,2,3-トリメチル-シクロプロピレン基、1-エチル-2-メチル-シクロプロピレン基、2-エチル-1-メチル-シクロプロピレン基、2-エチル-2-メチル-シクロプロピレン基及び2-エチル-3-メチル-シクロプロピレン基等が挙げられる。特に炭素数1乃至3のアルキレン基が好ましい。
式(1-16)乃至式(1-21)で表される化合物の前駆体、メチル及びアルケニル置換イソシアヌール酸は、イソシアヌール酸をハロゲン化アルケンと反応させることでトリアルケニル置換イソシアヌール酸との混合物として得られる。
この反応は例えば、炭酸カリウム存在下、N,N-ジメチルイミダゾリジノン中で0乃至150℃、1乃至20時間で行うことができる。
無機塩基は他にも、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウムを使用することができる。この反応では溶剤に使用したN,N-ジメチルイミダゾリジノンのメチル基が部分的にイソシアヌール酸と反応することにより得られたものと考えられる。
この反応では溶剤に使用したN,N-ジメチルイミダゾリジノンのメチル基が部分的にイソシアヌール酸と反応することにより得られたものと考えられる。
そして、メチル及びアルケニル置換イソシアヌール酸を過酸で酸化してエポキシ化合物を得ることができる。ここで過酸は例えば、メタクロロ過安息香酸、過酢酸、過酸化水素-タングステン酸等を用いることができる。この反応は塩化メチレン、トルエン等の溶媒中で0乃至110℃、1乃至20時間で行うことができる。
硬化剤はフェノール樹脂、アミン類、ポリアミド樹脂、イミダゾール類、ポリメルカプタン、酸無水物等が挙げられる。特に酸無水物、アミンが好ましい。
これら硬化剤は固体であっても溶剤に溶解することによって使用することはできるが、溶剤の蒸発により硬化物の密度低下や細孔の生成により強度低下、耐水性の低下を生ずるために、硬化剤自体が常温、常圧下で液状のものが好ましい。
酸無水物としては一分子中に複数のカルボキシル基を有する化合物の無水物が好ましい。これらの酸無水物としては、無水フタル酸、無水トリメリット酸、無水ピロメリット酸、無水ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸、エチレングリコールビストリメリテート、グリセロールトリストリメリテート、無水マレイン酸、テトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、メチルテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、エンドメチレンテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、メチルエンドメチレンテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、メチルブテニルテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、ドデセニル無水コハク酸、ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸、メチルヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸、無水コハク酸、メチルシクロヘキセンジカルボン酸無水物、クロレンド酸無水物等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも常温、常圧で液状であるメチルテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、メチル-5-ノルボルネン-2,3-ジカルボン酸無水物(メチルナジック酸無水物、無水メチルハイミック酸)、水素化メチルナジック酸無水物、メチルブテニルテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、ドデセニル無水コハク酸、メチルヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸、メチルヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸とヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸の混合物が好ましい。これら液状の酸無水物は粘度が25℃での測定で10mPas乃至1000mPas程度である。
混合は加熱混合方法により行われ、60℃乃至100℃の温度で0.5乃至1時間行われる。
得られた液状エポキシ樹脂組成物(熱硬化性組成物)は、液状封止材として用いるための適切な粘度を有する。液状の熱硬化性組成物は、任意の粘度に調製が可能であり、キャスティング法、ポッティング法、ディスペンス法、印刷法等により塗布を行うことができることから、LED等の透明封止材として用いる場合、その任意箇所に部分的封止ができる。液状の熱硬化性組成物を上述の方法で液状のまま直接にLED等の基材に塗布した後、乾燥し、100乃至200℃の温度で加熱することにより樹脂硬化体が得られる。
(エポキシ化合物)
エポキシ純度98%のトリス-(4,5-エポキシペンチル)-イソシアヌレートの合成
反応器に106gのイソシアヌル酸と420mlの水を加えたスラリーに、206gの48%水酸化ナトリウム溶液を滴下して、60乃至70℃の温度で2時間反応後、水を留去、メタノール洗浄、そして乾燥してイソシアヌル酸ナトリウム157.5gを白色結晶として得た。攪拌機、冷却器を取り付けた反応器に溶剤としてジメチルホルムアミド400mlを入れ、157.5gのイソシアヌル酸ナトリウムと361.4gの5-ブロモ1-ペンテンを120乃至125℃で6時間反応させた後、無機塩を濾別、トルエン抽出、水洗、乾燥、溶媒留去してトリス5-ペンテニルイソシアヌレート205gを薄茶色油状物として得た。攪拌機、冷却器を取り付けた反応器に溶剤として塩化メチレン8700mlを入れ、205gのトリス5-ペンテニルイソシアヌレートを加え、815gのメタクロロ過安息香酸を30℃以下でゆっくりと加え、25℃で4時間反応させた。反応終了後、10%亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液3000mlを20℃以下でゆっくり加え、不溶物を濾別後、クロロホルムを加えて溶媒抽出した。10%亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム溶液で充分洗浄後、乾燥、溶媒留去して租物を得た。この租物はシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーで精製して透明油状物161.7gを得ることができる。得られたエポキシ化合物は式(1-2)に相当するトリス(4,5-エポキシペンチル)イソシアヌレートであった。エポキシ価を0.1mol/L過塩素酸/酢酸溶液で電位差滴定したところ、エポキシ純度は98%であり、式(1-2)、式(1-7)及び式(1-12)に相当する化合物の混合物であった。このエポキシ化合物を(i-1)とした。
エポキシ純度99%のトリス-(4,5-エポキシペンチル)-イソシアヌレートの合成
シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーで精製した透明油状のトリス5-ペンテニルイソシアヌレートを原料として使用した以外は上記(1)と同様に合成した。得られたエポキシ化合物は式(1-2)に相当するトリス(4,5-エポキシペンチル)イソシアヌレートであった。電位差滴定による測定ではエポキシ純度は99%であり、式(1-2)、式(1-7)及び式(1-12)に相当する化合物の混合物であった。このエポキシ化合物を(i-2)とした。
エポキシ純度90%のトリス-(4,5-エポキシペンチル)-イソシアヌレートの合成
24.5gのトリス5-ペンテニルイソシアヌレートと、49.3gのメタクロロ過安息香酸との反応割合以外は上記(1)と同様に合成した。得られたエポキシ化合物は式(1-2)に相当するトリス(4,5-エポキシペンチル)イソシアヌレートであった。電位差滴定による測定ではエポキシ純度は90%であり、式(1-2)、式(1-7)及び式(1-12)に相当する化合物の混合物であった。このエポキシ化合物を(i-3)とした。
エポキシ純度82モル%のトリス-(4,5-エポキシペンチル)-イソシアヌレートの合成
25.1gのトリス5-ペンテニルイソシアヌレートと、45.0gのメタクロロ過安息香酸との反応割合以外は上記(1)と同様に合成した。得られたエポキシ化合物は式(1-2)に相当するトリス(4,5-エポキシペンチル)イソシアヌレートであった。電位差滴定による測定ではエポキシ純度は82%であり、式(1-2)と式(1-7)と式(1-12)に相当する化合物の混合物であった。このエポキシ化合物を(i-4)とした。
式(4-3)に示すトリス-(2,3-エポキシプロピル)-イソシアヌレート(日産化学工業(株)製、商品名テピック)を準備した。エポキシ化合物(i-5)とした。
液状エポキシ(商品名テピックパスB22、日産化学工業(株)製)を準備した。
合成方法としては以下に記載した。α型トリス-(2,3-エポキシプロピル)-イソシアヌレート(日産化学(株)製、エポキシ価は9.95eq/kg)894.7gとトルエン400gを冷却管、温度計、攪拌装置のついた反応フラスコに仕込み、リフラックス温度まで加温して完全に溶解した。次に反応触媒としてトリフェニルホスホニウムブロマイド0.38gを溶解させた無水プロピオン酸溶液313.3gを上記反応系に60分間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、リフラックス温度で2時間反応させた。反応液を濃縮してエポキシ価が5.65eq/kg以下(理論値は5.48eq/kg)になったものを確認してからトルエンを留去して液状の変性エポキシ樹脂を1208g得た。
液状エポキシ(商品名テピックパスB26、日産化学工業(株)製)を準備した。
合成方法は以下に示した。α型トリス-(2,3-エポキシプロピル)-イソシアヌレート(日産化学(株)製、エポキシ価は9.95eq/kg)594.6gとアセトニトリル80gを冷却管、温度計、攪拌装置のついた反応フラスコに仕込み、リフラックス温度まで加温して完全に溶解した。次に反応触媒としてトリフェニルホスホニウムブロマイド0.28gを溶解させた無水プロピオン酸溶液108gを上記反応系に60分間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、リフラックス温度で2時間反応させた。反応液を濃縮してエポキシ価が7.5eq/kg(理論値は7.36eq/kg)以下になったものを確認してからトルエンを留去して液状の変性エポキシ樹脂を702g得た。
(8)
液状エポキシ化合物、式(4-7)に示す商品名CE-2021P(ダイセル株式会社製)を準備した。エポキシ化合物(i-8)とした。
(9)
エポキシ純度95%のトリス-(4,5-エポキシペンチル)-イソシアヌレートの合成
反応器に109.4gのイソシアヌル酸、351.5gの炭酸カリウム、1083.0gのN,N-ジメチルイミダゾリジノンを加え、110℃で361.0gの5-ブロモ-1-ペンテンをゆっくり加え、さらに14時間反応させた。反応後、冷却、ろ過し、ヘプタンで抽出後、濃縮し、塩化メチレン6000mL、659gのメタクロロ安息香酸を30℃以下でゆっくり加え、25℃で4時間反応させた。反応終了後、10%亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液3000mLを20℃以下でゆっくり加え、不溶物を濾別後、クロロホルムを加えて溶媒抽出した。10%亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム溶液で充分洗浄後、乾燥、溶媒留去をして粗物を得た。この粗物はシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーで精製して透明油状物161.7gを得ることができる。得られたエポキシ化合物は式(1-2)に相当するトリス(4,5-エポキシペンチル)イソシアヌレートであった。エポキシ価を0.1mol/L過塩素酸/酢酸溶液で電位差滴定したところ、エポキシ純度は95%であり、式(1-2)、式(1-18)及び式(1-19)に相当する化合物の混合物であった。このエポキシ化合物を(i-9)とした。
(1)4-メチルヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸(70モル%)とヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸(30モル%)の混合物(商品名リカシッドMH-700、新日本理化(株)製)を準備した。硬化剤(ii-1)とした。
(硬化促進剤)
(1)テトラブチルホスホニウムO,O’-ジエチルホスホジチオレート(商品名ヒシコーリンPX-4ET、日本化学(株)製)を準備した。硬化促進剤(iii-1)とした。
四つ口フラスコにエポキシ化合物(i-1)22.0gと、硬化剤(ii-1)
27.85gを入れ、80℃で30分間攪拌脱泡を行い、硬化促進剤(iii-1)0.23gを加えて熱硬化性組成物を得た。得られた熱硬化性組成物を100℃で2時間の加熱後、150℃で5時間の加熱を行い硬化物を得た。
四つ口フラスコにエポキシ化合物(i-3)25.0gと、硬化剤(ii-1)
28.8gを入れ、80℃で30分間攪拌脱泡を行い、硬化促進剤(iii-1)
0.26gを加えて熱硬化性組成物を得た。得られた熱硬化性組成物を100℃で2時間の加熱後、150℃で5時間の加熱を行い硬化物を得た。
四つ口フラスコにエポキシ化合物(i-3)0.44gと、エポキシ化合物(i-6)27.1gと、硬化剤(ii-1)25.4gを入れ、80℃で30分間攪拌脱泡を行い、硬化促進剤(iii-1)0.275gを加えて熱硬化性組成物を得た。得られた熱硬化性組成物を100℃で2時間の加熱後、150℃で5時間の加熱を行い硬化物を得た。
エポキシ化合物(i-3)とエポキシ化合物(i-6)の割合を、実施例4では0.86g:28.1g、実施例5では1.43g:27.2g、実施例6では2.57g:26.0g、実施例7では4.44g:25.3g、に変更した以外は実施例3と同様にエポキシ価と硬化剤の当量を合わせて硬化を行った。
四つ口フラスコにエポキシ化合物(i-3)0.37gと、エポキシ化合物(i-8)24.3gと、硬化剤(ii-1)31.25gを入れ、80℃で30分間攪拌脱泡を行い、硬化促進剤(iii-1)0.245gを加えて熱硬化性組成物を得た。得られた熱硬化性組成物を100℃で2時間の加熱後、150℃で5時間の加熱を行い硬化物を得た。
エポキシ化合物(i-3)とエポキシ化合物(i-8)の割合を、実施例9では0.8g:25.9g、実施例10では1.26g:23.95g、実施例11では2.23g:22.2g、実施例12では3.82g:21.5g、に変更した以外は実施例8と同様にエポキシ価と硬化剤の当量を合わせて硬化を行った。
四つ口フラスコにエポキシ化合物(i-3)0.4gと、エポキシ化合物(i-7)25.75gと、硬化剤(ii-1)31.65gを入れ、80℃で30分間攪拌脱泡を行い、硬化促進剤(iii-1)0.26gを加えて熱硬化性組成物を得た。得られた熱硬化性組成物を100℃で2時間の加熱後、150℃で5時間の加熱を行い硬化物を得た。
エポキシ化合物(i-3)とエポキシ化合物(i-7)の割合を、実施例14では0.83g:25.8g、実施例15では1.3g:24.05g、実施例16では2.3g:23.0g、に変更した以外は実施例13と同様にエポキシ価と硬化剤の当量を合わせて硬化を行った。
四つ口フラスコにエポキシ化合物(i-3)0.3gと、エポキシ化合物(i-5)19.7gと、硬化剤(ii-1)32.7gを入れ、80℃で30分間攪拌脱泡を行い、硬化促進剤(iii-1)0.2gを加えて熱硬化性組成物を得た。得られた熱硬化性組成物を100℃で2時間の加熱後、150℃で5時間の加熱を行い硬化物を得た。
エポキシ化合物(i-3)とエポキシ化合物(i-5)の割合を、実施例18では0.67g:21.65g、実施例19では1.17g:22.2g、実施例20では1.98g:19.8g、に変更した以外は実施例17と同様にエポキシ価と硬化剤との当量を合わせて硬化を行った。
実施例21
四つ口フラスコにエポキシ化合物(i-9)22.0gと、硬化剤(ii-1)27.85gを入れ、80℃で30分間攪拌脱泡を行い、硬化促進剤(iii-1)0.23gを加えて熱硬化性組成物を得た。得られた熱硬化性組成物を100℃で2時間の加熱後、150℃で5時間の加熱を行い硬化物を得た。
四つ口フラスコにエポキシ化合物(i-2)24.25gと、硬化剤(ii-1)30.75gを入れ、80℃で30分間攪拌脱泡を行い、硬化促進剤(iii-1)0.25gを加えて熱硬化性組成物を得た。得られた熱硬化性組成物を100℃で2時間の加熱後、150℃で5時間の加熱を行い硬化物を得た。
四つ口フラスコにエポキシ化合物(i-4)25.05gと、硬化剤(ii-1)26.5gを入れ、80℃で30分間攪拌脱泡を行い、硬化促進剤(iii-1)0.25gを加えて熱硬化性組成物を得た。得られた熱硬化性組成物を100℃で2時間の加熱後、150℃で5時間の加熱を行い硬化物を得た。
四つ口フラスコにエポキシ化合物(i-6)30.25gと、硬化剤(ii-1)27.75gを入れ、80℃で30分間攪拌脱泡を行い、硬化促進剤(iii-1)0.3gを加えて熱硬化性組成物を得た。得られた熱硬化性組成物を100℃で2時間の加熱後、150℃で5時間の加熱を行い硬化物を得た。
四つ口フラスコにエポキシ化合物(i-8)24.6gと、硬化剤(ii-1)31.15gを入れ、80℃で30分間攪拌脱泡を行い、硬化促進剤(iii-1)0.25gを加えて熱硬化性組成物を得た。得られた熱硬化性組成物を100℃で2時間の加熱後、150℃で5時間の加熱を行い硬化物を得た。
四つ口フラスコにエポキシ化合物(i-7)26.35gと、硬化剤(ii-1)31.85gを入れ、80℃で30分間攪拌脱泡を行い、硬化促進剤(iii-1)0.26gを加えて熱硬化性組成物を得た。得られた熱硬化性組成物を100℃で2時間の加熱後、150℃で5時間の加熱を行い硬化物を得た。
四つ口フラスコにエポキシ化合物(i-5)20.0gと、硬化剤(ii-1)32.8gを入れ、80℃で30分間攪拌脱泡を行い、硬化促進剤(iii-1)0.2gを加えて熱硬化性組成物を得た。得られた熱硬化性組成物を100℃で2時間の加熱後、150℃で5時間の加熱を行い硬化物を得た。
得られた硬化物は3点曲げ試験(曲げ強度と、曲げ弾性率)、透過率、線膨張率、ガラス転移温度、及び煮沸吸水率を測定した。
(曲げ特性の測定)
引張り試験機によりJIS K-6911に基づき測定した。
曲げ強度σ:(MPa){kgf/mm2}は、P:試験片が折れたときの荷重(N){kgf}、L:支点間距離(mm)、W:試験片の幅(mm)、h:試験片の高さ(mm)として下記式により求められる。
σ=(3PL)/(2Wh2)
E=〔L3/(4Wh3)〕×〔F/Y〕
分光光度計を用いて400nmの透過率を測定した。
(線膨張率の測定)
線膨張率の測定の測定は、JIS K-6911に基づき測定した。試験片の厚みを正確に測定してTMA(Thermal Mechanical Analysis)により、荷重0.05N、昇温速度1℃/分という条件で測定した。
線膨張係数α1は、ΔL1:30℃から80℃に昇温した時の試験片の長さの変化量、L:初期の長さとして、下記式により求められる。
α1=(ΔL1)/試験片の初期の長さ(L)×50
JIS K-6911に基づき測定した。50℃に保った恒温槽中で試験片を24時間乾燥処理を行う。処理後、試験片をデシケーター中で20℃まで冷却し質量を測定する。沸騰蒸留水中に入れ100時間煮沸した後取り出し、20℃の流水中で30分間冷却し、水分を拭き取り、直ちに吸水後の質量を測定した。
煮沸吸水率(%)は、A:煮沸吸水率(%)、W1:煮沸前の試験片の質量(g)、W2:煮沸後の試験片の質量(g)として下記式により求められる。
実施例21の結果より、式(1)中の3つの窒素原子全てに長鎖アルキレン基を介してエポキシ環が結合した場合よりも、該窒素原子の2乃至15モル%を有機基(例えば、メチル基等のアルキル基)で置換した構造とすることで3次元架橋が部分的に緩和され、靭性が向上し強度も向上したものと考えられる。
また式(1)の末端の(グリシジル基+アリル基)中の(グリシジル基)の割合が85乃至98モル%(エポキシ純度として85乃至98モル%)となるエポキシ化合物(A)と、その他のエポキシ化合物(B)とを混合した混合エポキシ化合物を用いる場合、質量比(A)/(A+B)は1質量%以上、好ましくは1.5乃至50質量%である。この割合で用いることにより、(B)のエポキシを単独で用いた場合に比べ硬化物の透過率や煮沸吸水率の値を維持したまま曲げ強度を向上することができる。
Claims (7)
- 前記R1、R2、及びR3が炭素数1乃至3のアルキレン基を表し、E1、E2及びE3が、式(2)で表されるエポキシ含有基と、式(3)で表される有機基又は水素原子との組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の熱硬化性組成物。
- 請求項1又は請求項2に記載のエポキシ化合物(A)と、少なくとも2個のエポキシ基を有し且つエポキシ化合物(A)とは異なる構造を有するエポキシ化合物(B)とを含み、エポキシ化合物(A)とエポキシ化合物(B)との合計質量中のエポキシ化合物(A)の質量比(A)/〔(A)+(B)〕が1質量%以上である、熱硬化性組成物。
- 前記エポキシ基に対して硬化剤を0.5乃至1.5当量の割合で含有する、請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の熱硬化性組成物。
- 前記硬化剤が、酸無水物、又はアミンである請求項5に記載の熱硬化性組成物。
- 前記エポキシ基に対して硬化助剤を0.001乃至0.1当量の割合で含有する、請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の熱硬化性組成物。
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JP2020121942A (ja) * | 2019-01-30 | 2020-08-13 | 日産化学株式会社 | N−モノ(炭化水素)イソシアヌル酸の製造方法 |
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CN102317343B (zh) | 2013-07-31 |
JP5553027B2 (ja) | 2014-07-16 |
TWI477498B (zh) | 2015-03-21 |
US20110319589A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
EP2397507A4 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
TW201035085A (en) | 2010-10-01 |
KR101668301B1 (ko) | 2016-10-21 |
US8912295B2 (en) | 2014-12-16 |
JPWO2010092947A1 (ja) | 2012-08-16 |
EP2397507B1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
KR20110132364A (ko) | 2011-12-07 |
CN102317343A (zh) | 2012-01-11 |
EP2397507A1 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
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