WO2010057738A1 - Vorrichtung zum betreiben einer brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum betreiben einer brennkraftmaschine Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010057738A1 WO2010057738A1 PCT/EP2009/063920 EP2009063920W WO2010057738A1 WO 2010057738 A1 WO2010057738 A1 WO 2010057738A1 EP 2009063920 W EP2009063920 W EP 2009063920W WO 2010057738 A1 WO2010057738 A1 WO 2010057738A1
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- Prior art keywords
- lambda
- lam
- cylinder
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- obs
- Prior art date
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1493—Details
- F02D41/1495—Detection of abnormalities in the air/fuel ratio feedback system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D2041/1413—Controller structures or design
- F02D2041/1415—Controller structures or design using a state feedback or a state space representation
- F02D2041/1416—Observer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D2041/1433—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method using a model or simulation of the system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
- F02D41/222—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions relating to the failure of sensors or parameter detection devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for operating an internal combustion engine.
- catalysts which convert carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides into harmless substances.
- Targeting the generation of pollutant emissions during combustion as well as converting the pollutant components to high efficiency by a catalyst requires a very precisely adjusted air / fuel ratio in the respective cylinder.
- a binary lambda control is known with a binary Lambda probe, which is arranged upstream of the catalytic converter.
- the binary lambda control comprises a PI controller, the P and I components being stored in maps via engine speed and load.
- the excitation of the catalytic converter also known as lambda, results.
- the amplitude of the lambda fluctuation is set to about 3%.
- the associated lambda actual value is determined on the basis of a characteristic curve. From these values, a lambda mean value is formed for each oxygen sensor and the difference between a lambda desired value dependent on the load of the internal combustion engine and the average lambda value is used as the input variable of a global regulator and supplied to a lambda control device for correction of the green injection signal, so that a theoretical air / fuel ratio can be adjusted. Furthermore, a single-cylinder lambda controller is provided for regulating the individual air / fuel ratio of the individual cylinders. The cylinder-selective output variable of this single-cylinder lambda controller is superimposed on the output variable of the global lambda controller and, with the value obtained therefrom, a basic injection signal is corrected for each individual cylinder.
- DE 100 11 690 A1 discloses a cylinder-selective lambda control using a broadband lambda probe. From DE 103 58 988 B3 a cylinder-specific lambda control in connection with a linear lambda probe is known.
- Pistons of the respective cylinder for detecting the measurement signal of the exhaust gas probe to determine, depending on a the air / fuel ratio in the respective cylinder characterizing size. At the sampling crankshaft angle, the measurement signal is detected and assigned to the respective cylinder.
- the object underlying the invention is to provide an apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, which makes a contribution to a low-pollutant operation in a simple manner.
- the invention is characterized by a device for operating an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, to each of which an injection valve is assigned, an exhaust tract comprising an exhaust gas catalyst and an upstream or in the exhaust gas catalytic converter arranged lambda probe.
- the lambda probe can be designed, for example, as a broadband probe, which is also referred to as a linear lambda probe, or else designed as a jump probe, which is also referred to as a binary lambda probe.
- An allocation unit is provided, which is designed to determine cylinder-specific lambda signals as a function of the measurement signal of the lambda probe. It is further configured to determine Lambda deviation signals for the respective cylinders as a function of the cylinder-specific lambda signals, based on a lambda signal averaged over the cylinder-specific lambda signals.
- An observer which includes a sensor model of the lambda probe, which is arranged in a feedback branch of the observer.
- the observer is designed such that the cylinder-specific lambda deviation signals are fed to the input side.
- the cylinder-individual lambda deviation signals thus become in particular together with the output signal of the sensor model into a forward branch of the observer, for example by forming a difference.
- the observer is also designed so that its observer output variables related to the respective cylinder are representative of deviations of the injection characteristic of the injection valve of the respective cylinder from a predetermined injection characteristic.
- a parameter detection unit is provided, which is designed to impose a predetermined disturbance pattern from cylinder-specific mixture deviations. It is further configured to change at least one parameter of the sensor model as a detection parameter in response to the respective predetermined interference pattern until at least one of the parameters
- Observer output variables representing the proportion of the interference pattern assigned to its cylinder in a predefined manner. If this is the case, the at least one detection parameter is output.
- the at least one parameter of the sensor model may be, for example, a gain factor or, for example, a rise time.
- the sensor model can be PTL-based, for example, and the at least one detection parameter can thus be, for example, one or more of the parameters of a PTI element.
- the observer can be used extremely effectively to determine the actual value of the one or more detection parameters.
- a changed dynamic behavior of the lambda probe due to, for example, aging effects can be reliably detected.
- an optional cylinder insert may be present. Disabled individual lambda control, ie it is actively no actual values of the respective observer output variables supplied, so open loop operation with respect to the cylinder-specific lambda control. In this way, a current dynamic behavior of the lambda probe can be determined particularly precisely.
- the optionally present cylinder-specific lambda control is preferably activated at least temporarily.
- the device comprises a diagnostic unit, which is designed to determine, depending on the at least one detection parameter, whether the lambda probe is faultless or faulty. This allows a particularly effective diagnosis of the lambda probe without an additional hardware effort.
- the device for operating the internal combustion engine comprises an adaptation unit which is designed to adapt at least one parameter of the sensor model as a function of the at least one detection parameter for operation with respective cylinder-specific lambda regulators, which are designed such that they respectively the respective observer output is supplied as an input variable, which is assigned to the respective cylinder, and the respective regulator control signal influences the fuel mass to be metered in the respective cylinder.
- the sensor model can be adapted particularly effectively to the current dynamic properties of the lambda probe and thus a contribution can be made for a particularly precise cylinder-specific lambda control.
- the parameter detection unit is designed so that the respective predetermined interference pattern is emission-neutral. In this way, the precise determination of the at least one detection parameter can take place largely without a negative influence on the pollutant emissions of the internal combustion engine.
- the lambda probe is designed as a binary lambda probe.
- a binary lambda controller is provided, which is designed such that its control input quantity depends on a signal of the binary lambda probe and that its regulator control signal influences a fuel mass to be metered.
- the allocation unit is preferably designed so that, when the measurement signal of the binary lambda probe is outside a transition phase between a lean phase and a rich phase, the cylinder-specific lambda signals are determined as a function of the measurement signals of the binary lambda probe.
- the knowledge is used that although in the transition phase between the lean phase and the rich phase, a relatively large change in the measurement signal occurs, but the change in the lambda signal to be assigned is relatively low.
- the lambda signal should be understood as meaning, in particular, a signal normalized with regard to the so-called air number, the value of which assumes the value 1 at a stoichiometric air / fuel ratio.
- the finding is based on the fact that, especially in the rich phase and also in the lean phase, due to the cylinder-specific different actual air / fuel ratios, an oscillation modulated onto the measurement signal of the binary lambda probe has a lower amplitude than in the transition phase, however the The differences in the assigned lambda signal become more characteristic. It has thus been shown that a very precise determination of the respective cylinder-specific lambda signals is also possible by means of a binary lambda probe and thus a very precise compensation of tolerances or deviations of the injection characteristic of the injection valve of the respective cylinder from one cylinder by the respective cylinder-individual lambda controllers predetermined injection characteristic can be compensated.
- the predefined injection characteristic can be related, for example, to a predetermined reference injection valve which has been measured precisely, for example, on an engine test bench.
- the predetermined injection characteristic for example, be a mean injection characteristic of all injectors of the respective cylinder.
- the device also makes it possible for other deviations from predetermined reference characteristics, which for example are based on components of the intake tract, to be compensated favorably.
- the knowledge is also used that typically by corresponding deviations, for example, in particular the injection characteristic of the respective injection valve of the predetermined injection characteristic, can be significantly greater than the fluctuations caused in the context of the control with the lambda controller.
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a lambda controller
- FIG. 3 shows a block diagram in the context of a cylinder-specific lambda control
- FIG. 4 shows a first flowchart of a program which is executed in the control device
- FIG. 5 shows a second flowchart that is executed in the control device
- FIG. 6 shows plots over time
- FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram of a program for determining at least one detection parameter
- Figure 8 is a flow chart of a program for performing a diagnosis
- Figure 9 is a flow chart of a program for performing an adjustment.
- An internal combustion engine (FIG. 1) comprises an intake tract 1, an engine block 2, a cylinder head 3 and an exhaust tract 4.
- the intake tract 1 preferably comprises a throttle valve 5, furthermore a collector 6 and an intake manifold 7, which leads to a cylinder Z1 via an intake passage is guided in the engine block 2.
- the engine block 2 further includes a
- the cylinder head 3 includes a valvetrain having a gas inlet valve 12 and a gas outlet valve 13.
- the cylinder head 3 further includes an injection valve 18 and a spark plug 19.
- the injection valve 18 may also be arranged in the intake manifold 7.
- an exhaust gas catalyst 21 is arranged, which is preferably designed as a three-way catalyst and, for example, very close to the outlet, which is associated with the outlet valve 13 is arranged.
- a further catalytic converter may be arranged, which is designed for example as a NOX catalyst 23.
- a control device 25 is provided which is associated with sensors which detect different measured variables and in each case determine the value of the measured variable. Operating variables also include variables derived from these variables as well as the measured quantities.
- the control device 25 is designed to determine, depending on at least one of the operating variables manipulated variables, which are then converted into one or more actuating signals for controlling the actuators by means of corresponding actuators.
- the control device 25 may also be referred to as a device for controlling the internal combustion engine or as an apparatus for operating the internal combustion engine.
- the sensors are a pedal position sensor 26, which detects an accelerator pedal position of an accelerator pedal 27, an air mass sensor 28, which detects an air mass flow upstream of the throttle valve 5, a first temperature sensor 32, which detects an intake air temperature, a Saugrohr horrsen- sor 34, which detects an intake manifold pressure in the accumulator 6, a crankshaft angle sensor 36, which detects a crankshaft angle, which is then assigned a speed N.
- a lambda probe 42 is provided, which is arranged upstream of the catalytic converter 21 or in the catalytic converter 21 and which detects a residual oxygen content of the exhaust gas and whose measurement signal MSI is characteristic of the air / fuel ratio in the combustion chamber of the cylinder Zl and upstream of the lambda probe 42nd before the oxidation of the
- the lambda probe 42 may be disposed in the catalytic converter so that a portion of the catalyst volume upstream of the lambda probe 42 is located.
- the lambda probe 42 may be formed, for example, as a jump probe, and so also be referred to as a binary lambda probe.
- the lambda probe may for example also be designed as a broadband probe, which is also referred to as a linear lambda probe.
- the dynamic behavior of the binary lambda probe is highly nonlinear, especially in one of the transition phases between a lean phase and rich phase.
- the evaluation of the measurement signal in the non-linear range and thus an evaluation of the cylinder-selective lambda deviation is a challenge, since the falling or rising of the measurement signal can possibly take place faster than a period of a working cycle depending on the probe dynamics.
- a conversion of the measurement signal into a lambda signal is clearly imprecise, since the sensitivity with respect to lambda in this range is very low.
- an exhaust gas probe can also be arranged downstream of the catalytic converter 21.
- any subset of said sensors may be present, or additional sensors may also be present.
- the actuators are, for example, the throttle valve 5, the gas inlet and gas outlet valves 12, 13, the injection valve 18 or the spark plug 19.
- cylinder Zl In addition to the cylinder Zl also further cylinders Z2 to Z3 are provided, which then also corresponding actuators and optionally sensors are assigned.
- the cylinders Z1 to Z3 may be associated, for example, with an exhaust gas bank and have a common lambda probe assigned to them.
- other cylinders may be provided, such as those associated with a second exhaust bank.
- the internal combustion engine can comprise any number of cylinders.
- the control device 25 includes in one embodiment, a binary lambda control, which is explained in more detail by way of example with reference to FIG 2.
- a block 1 comprises a binary lambda controller which is designed so that the measurement signal MS1 of the lambda probe 42 designed as a binary lambda probe is supplied as a controlled variable, which can also be referred to as a control input variable. Due to the binary nature of the measurement signal MSl of the binary lambda probe, the binary lambda controller is designed as a two-point controller. In this case, the binary lambda controller is designed to detect a lean phase LEAN because the measurement signal MS1 is smaller than a predetermined rich-lean threshold value THD_1, which may have a value of approximately 0.2 V, for example.
- THD_1 rich-lean threshold value
- the binary lambda controller is designed to detect a rich phase RICH because the measured signal MS1 of the lambda probe 42 designed as a binary lambda probe has a value that is greater than a predefined lean-rich threshold value THD 2.
- the predetermined lean-rich threshold value For example, THD 2 may have a value of about 0.6V.
- the binary lambda controller is preferably designed such that a predetermined blocking time has to elapse before a transient operation TRANS is recognized again after a detection of a lean or rich phase LEAN, RICH. In this way, instability of the lambda controller can be very effectively avoided even with superposed oscillations of the measurement signal MS1.
- the binary lambda controller is preferably designed as a PI controller.
- a P component is preferably supplied as a proportional jump P_J to the block B1.
- a block B2 is provided in which, depending on the rotational speed N and a load LOAD, the proportional jump P J is determined.
- a map is preferably provided, which can be permanently stored.
- An I component of the binary lambda controller is preferably determined as a function of an integral increment I_INC.
- the integer increment I INC is preferably also determined in a block B14 as a function of the rotational speed N and the load LOAD.
- a map can also be provided.
- the load LOAD can be, for example, the air mass flow or, for example, the intake manifold pressure.
- a delay time T_D is supplied in the block Bl as an input parameter, which is determined in a block B6, preferably depending on a trim controller intervention. As part of the trim control, a measurement signal of the other exhaust gas probe is used.
- the block Bl may be led an extension period T EXT the block Bl.
- the extension period T_EXT is determined, for example, depending on the respective current operating state BZ of the internal combustion engine in a block B3. In this regard, it is preferably provided that in a first operating state BZ1 the value of the extension period is significantly greater in comparison to a second operating state BZ2.
- the extension period T_EXT is equal to zero, while in the first operating state BZ1 it is, for example, of the order of one or more working cycles.
- the first operating state BZ1 can be assumed, for example, as a function of a time condition, that is to say, for example, within predetermined time intervals relative to an engine run or other reference point, or, for example, also with reference to a predefined driving performance.
- the regulator control signal LAM_FAC_FB of the binary lambda controller is supplied to a multiplier Ml, in which a corrected fuel mass MFF_COR to be metered is determined by multiplication with a fuel mass MFF to be metered.
- a block BIO is provided in which, depending on, for example, the rotational speed N and the load LOAD, the fuel mass MFF to be metered is determined.
- one or more maps may be provided, which are determined in advance, such as on an engine test bench.
- a block B12 is designed to determine an actuating signal SG, in particular for the injection valve 18, depending on the corrected fuel mass MFF_COR to be metered.
- the block Bl is designed to be the controller manipulated variable
- LAM_FAC_FB the binary lambda controller for a plurality of cylinders Zl to Z3 to determine, ie in particular those cylinders Zl to Z3, which is associated with a single binary lambda probe 42. The same applies in particular to the block BIO.
- a cylinder-individual lambda control is explained in more detail with reference to FIG. It can be seen from a typical signal curve of the measuring signal MS1 that the typical rectangular or trapezoidal basic shape of the measuring signal is modulated with superimposed vibrations, which are in particular caused by deviations of the injection characteristics of the respective injection valves 18, of the respective cylinders Z1 to Z3 from a predetermined injection characteristic ,
- the measuring signal MSl of the example formed as a binary lambda probe lambda probe 42 is also plotted, wherein schematically the respective transition phases TRANS, fat phases RICH and lean phases LEAN are shown.
- a block B16 comprises an allocation unit which is designed such that when the measurement signal MSl of the lambda probe 42 formed as a binary lambda probe is outside a transition phase TRANS between a lean phase LEAN and a rich phase RICH, cylinder-specific lambda signals depend on the measurement signal MSl of the lambda probe 42 LAM Zl, LAM Z2, LAM_Z3 are determined and, depending on the cylinder-specific lambda signals LAM_Z1, LAM_Z2, LAM_Z3, cylinder-specific lambda deviation signals D_LAM_Z1, D_LAM_Z2, D_LAM_Z3 for the respective cylinders are determined based on on lambda signal LAM_ZI_MW averaged over the cylinder-specific lambda signals LAM Z1, LAM Z2, LAM_Z3.
- programs are preferably provided which are executed during the operation of the internal combustion engine in the control device and which are explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
- the program according to FIG. 4 is started in a step S1 in which variables can be initialized if necessary.
- a step S2 it is checked whether the measurement signal MSl of the binary lambda probe is smaller than the rich-lean threshold THD 1. If this is not the case, the processing is continued in a step S4, in which the program for a predetermined first waiting period T Wl remains or is interrupted, wherein the first waiting time T_W1 is suitably set short enough so that the conditions of step S2 can be tested often suitable.
- the predetermined waiting time duration T W1 can also be dependent on the respective current rotational speed and thus given crankshaft angle-related.
- step S2 is not met, in particular directly after the first processing of step S2 after the start of the program in
- Step S1 the processing is also continued in a step S16, which is explained in more detail below, and then in this case, if the condition of step S16 is not met, the processing in step S4 is continued, then this modified processing is performed so long until either the condition of step S2 or that of step S16 is met for the first time. If, on the other hand, the condition of step S2 is satisfied, in a step S6 a current phase ACT_PH is assigned to the lean phase LEAN and an assignment flag ZUORD is set to a truth value TRUE. Thereafter, the program remains in a step S8 for a predetermined second waiting time T_W2 or is interrupted during this, wherein the second waiting time T W2 is provided in particular correlating to the blocking period.
- step S10 it is checked in a step S10 whether the measurement signal MS1 of the binary lambda probe is smaller than the rich-lean threshold value THD1. If this is the case, the lean phase LEAN is still valid as the current phase ACT PH, and the program pauses or is interrupted in step S12 corresponding to step S4 for the predefined first waiting time T_W1 before the step S10 is executed again.
- step S10 If, on the other hand, the condition of step S10 is not fulfilled, the transition phase TRANS is assigned to the current phase ACT_PH in a step S14 and the assignment flag ZU-ORD is set to a false value FALSE.
- step S16 it is checked in a step S16 whether the measurement signal MS1 of the binary lambda probe 42 is greater than the lean-rich threshold value THD2. If the condition of step S16 is not met, the program remains in a step S18 for the predetermined first one Waiting time T Wl according to the procedure according to the step S4, before the step S16 is executed again.
- step S16 of the current phase ACT PH the rich phase becomes Assigned to the assignment flag ZUORD the truth value TRUE.
- the program remains in a step S22 for the predetermined second waiting period T W2 corresponding to the step S8, and thus it can also be interrupted during the step S22.
- step S24 it is then checked whether the measurement signal MS1 of the lambda probe 42 is still greater than the lean-rich threshold value THD_2. If this is the case, the processing is continued in a step S26 corresponding to the step S4. Subsequent to step S26, the processing is continued again in step S24.
- step S24 If, on the other hand, the condition of step S24 is not satisfied, the transition phase TRANS is assigned to the current phase ACT_PH in a step S28, and the false value FALSE is assigned to the assignment flag ZU-ORD before the processing in step S4 is continued.
- a further program is processed, which will be explained below with reference to FIG 5.
- the program is started in a step S30 in which variables can be initialized if necessary.
- a step S32 it is checked whether the allocation flag ZUORD is at its truth value TRUE. If this is not the case, the processing is continued in a step S34, in which the program for the predetermined first waiting time T Wl pauses or is also interrupted according to the procedure according to step S4, before the processing is continued again to step S32.
- step S32 If, on the other hand, the condition of step S32 is met, the cylinder-specific lambda signals LAM_Z1, LAM_Z2 and LAM_Z3 with respect to the cylinders Z1, Z2, Z3 are determined in a step S36 as a function of the measurement signal MS1 of the lambda probe 42.
- a step S36 there is a correspondingly segment-synchronous sampling, in such a way that the respective exhaust gas packets are then each representative of the respective cylinder Zl to Z3.
- the cylinder-specific lambda signals LAM_Z1, LAM_Z2, LAM_Z3 are preferably dependent on a characteristic and more preferably on a separately predetermined characteristic curve for the rich phase RICH and indeed a lambda-fat characteristic KL, depending on the measurement signal MSl of the binary lambda probe 42 R and determined for the lean phase LEAN lambda-lean characteristic KL L determined.
- these characteristics are preferable following the step S36, the processing in the step S34 is continued.
- the allocation unit in the block B16 further comprises a block B18 which comprises a changeover switch.
- the switch is designed to perform a switching, which is correlated to the respective times at which the respective exhaust gas package is representative of the respective cylinder Zl to Z3.
- switching takes place when the measuring signal MSl of the lambda probe changes in view of its characteristic for the respective cylinder, that is, for example, from the cylinder Z1 to the cylinder Z2 or cylinder Z3.
- a block B20 is designed to determine a lambda signal LAM ZI MW averaged over the cylinder-specific lambda signals LAM_Z1, LAM_Z2, LAM_Z3.
- block B20 is designed to generate in each case cylinder-specific lambda deviation signals D LAM Z1, D LAM Z2, D LAM Z3. mittein and depending on a difference of the respective cylinder-specific lambda signal LAM_Z1, LAM_Z2, LAM_Z3 and on the other side of the averaged lambda signal LAM_ZI_MW.
- the respective cylinder-specific lambda deviation signal D_LAM_Z1, D_LAM_Z2, D_LAM_Z3 is determined for the respectively relevant cylinder Z1 to Z3.
- the allocation unit can also be designed to determine the cylinder-specific lambda deviation signals D_LAM_Z1, D_LAM_Z2, D_LAM_Z3 depending on the measurement signal of a lambda probe designed as a broadband probe. In this case, only a correspondingly synchronized scanning of the measurement signal MS1 of the lambda probe 42 is then required for determining the cylinder-specific lambda signals LAM_Z1, LAM_Z2, LAM_Z3.
- the respective currently determined cylinder-individual lambda deviation signal D_LAM_Z1, D_LAM_Z2, D_LAM_Z3 is fed to a block B22 which comprises an observer, wherein the feed to a subtraction point SUB1 is effected by determining the difference to a model lambda deviation signal D LAM MOD, wherein the model Lambda deviation signal D LAM MOD is the output signal of a sensor model.
- This difference is then amplified in an amplifier K and then fed to a block B24 which also includes a switch which is switched in synchronism with that of the block B18.
- the blocks B26, B28 and B30 each comprise an I-element, that is to say an integrating element which integrates the signals present at its input.
- the Output of the block B26 is representative of a deviation of the injection characteristic of the injector 18 of the cylinder Zl from a predetermined injection characteristic and represents the observer output OBS_Z1 which is representative of the deviation of the injection characteristic of the injector of the cylinder Zl from a predetermined injection characteristic.
- the predetermined injection characteristic may be a mean injection characteristic of all injection valves 18 of the respective cylinders Z1, Z2, Z3.
- OBS Z2, OBS Z3 which are the output variables of the blocks B28 and B30 with respect to the cylinders Z2 and Z3.
- a further switch is provided in a block B32 to which the observer output variables OBS_Z1, OBS_Z2 and OBS Z3 are supplied on the input side and whose changeover switch is switched synchronously to that of the blocks B18 and B24 and whose output signal is the input quantity of a block B34.
- the block B34 comprises a sensor model of the lambda probe 42.
- This sensor model is realized, for example, in the form of a PTI element, however, it can also comprise further elements. It includes, for example, a gain factor and a rise time parameter as the parameter.
- the model lambda deviation signal D LAM MOD is then generated as the output of the sensor model.
- the respective observer output variables OBS Z1, OBS Z2 and OBS_Z3 are fed to cylinder-specific lambda controllers, which are each formed in a block B36, B38 and B40.
- the cylinder-specific lambda controllers can have, for example, an integral component.
- the respective controller position LAM_FAC_ZI_Z1, LAM_FAC_ZI_Z2, LAM_FAC_ZI_Z3 influences the fuel mass MFF to be metered in the respective cylinder Z1, Z2, Z3, inasmuch as, for example, an individual correction can be made in the multiplying position M1 with respect to the respective cylinder Z1 to Z3.
- corresponding adaptation values can also be determined as a function of the respective cylinder-specific regulator control signals LAM_FAC_ZI_Z1, LAM_FAC_ZI_Z2, LAM_FAC_ZI_Z3, as illustrated by the schematically indicated further blocks following the blocks B36 to B40.
- FIG. 6 an exemplary profile of the regulator control signal LAM_FAC_FB of the lambda controller is shown schematically on the one hand for the first operating state BZ1 and the second operating state BZ2.
- a block B42 (FIG. 3) is provided, which is designed to switch the observer output variables OBS_Z1, OBS_Z2, OBS_Z3, which are related to the respective cylinders Z1 to Z3, either to the blocks B36 to B40 or to a block B44 switch, which includes a parameter detection unit.
- the parameter detection unit is designed such that when it is acted on by the observer output variables OBS Z1, OBS_Z2, OBS_Z3, it imposes a predetermined interference pattern of cylinder-specific mixture deviations and, in response to the respective predetermined interference pattern, at least one parameter of the sensor model as detection parameter PA RAM_DET changed until at least one of the observer output quantities represents the proportion of the interference pattern PAT assigned to its respective cylinder Z1 to Z3 in a predefined manner and then outputs the at least one detection parameter PARAM DET.
- the output can be made, for example, to a block B46, which comprises an adaptation unit. Alternatively or additionally, the output can also be made to a block B48, which includes a diagnostic unit.
- the one or more detection parameters PARAM_DET are impressed on at least the sensor model of the block B34 when the parameter detection unit is active and imposes the predetermined interference pattern.
- the parameter PARAM assigned to the respective detection parameter PARAM_DET in the sensor model is then adapted at least temporarily accordingly.
- the program is started in a step P1, which may be, for example, close to a start of the internal combustion engine.
- a step P2 it is checked whether a time counter T_CTR is greater than a predetermined time threshold value T THD.
- the time threshold T_THD is suitably predetermined so that an imprinting of the interference pattern PAT suitably spaced approximately is performed. Alternatively, it can also be checked in step P2 whether a predetermined mileage has occurred since the last-time fulfillment of the condition of step P2.
- step P2 If the condition of step P2 is not fulfilled, the execution continues in a step P4, in which the program pauses for a predetermined waiting time period T W3, before the program is continued again in step P2. If, on the other hand, the condition of step P2 is fulfilled, it is checked in a step P6 whether the internal combustion engine is in stationary driving mode. This is preferably done by means of evaluation of the rotational speed N and / or the load-sized LOAD. If the condition of the step P6 is not satisfied, the processing is continued in a step P8 in which the program pauses for a predetermined waiting time period T W4 before the processing is continued again in the step P6.
- step P9 a predetermined interference pattern PAT of cylinder-specific mixture deviations is impressed.
- the following alternative disturbance patterns may be predetermined, wherein the percentages in each case represent deviations from a respective air / fuel ratio predetermined in the respective cylinder Z1 to Z3 without the disturbance pattern and refer to the respective tuples are on the cylinders Zl, Z2 and Z3.
- the disturbance patterns can be specified as [+10%, 0%, 0%], [+10%, -5%, -5%], [-10%, +5%, +5%] or other combinations ,
- the respective interference pattern PAT is provided so that it is emission-neutral. This can be achieved particularly simply by adding up the deviations over the cylinders to zero.
- the impressing of the respective interference pattern PAT is preferably carried out in such a way that this is taken into account when determining the corrected metered fuel mass MFF COR.
- a step PlO at least one relative to a respective cylinder Z1 to Z3 is determined
- Fault value AMP MOD MES determined by evaluating the respectively assigned observer output size OBS_Z1 to 0BS_Z3.
- the observer output variables OBS_Z1, OBS_Z2, OBS_Z3 are preferably evaluated in each case, with respect to which a correspondingly deviating mixture was impressed on the cylinder Z1-Z3 assigned to it by the interference pattern PAT.
- the interference value AMP MOD MES can be representative, for example, of a deviation of the mixture caused by the interference pattern PAT from the respective particular stationary value of the respective observer output variable OBS_Z1, OBS_Z2, OBS Z3 without the imposition of the interference pattern. However, it may also be representative of, for example, a reconstruction period that correlates to the duration of the imprint of the perturbation pattern until the plateau phase is reached.
- a step P12 is then checked to determine whether the determined fault value AMP_MOD_MES corresponds approximately to an expected fault value AMP_MOD_NOM.
- the expected disturbance value AMP MOD NOM is preferably dependent on at least one operating variable of the internal combustion engine and in particular related to certain load and speed points. In this context, it can be considered, for example, that in certain operating points not 100% detection of the respective interference pattern is expected, in particular due to corresponding parameterization of the sensor model.
- step P14 At least one detection parameter PARAM DET is adjusted in the sense of reducing the deviation between the determined fault value and the expected fault value AMP MOD MES, AMP_MOD_NOM.
- the detection parameter PARAM_DET is one or more of the parameters PARAM of the sensor model and can thus be, for example, an amplification factor. However, it can also be, for example, a rise time parameter.
- the transfer function of the sensor model can be, for example, in the case of a PTI element KM / (I + TA-s), where KM then represents the amplification factor and TA represents the rise time parameter.
- step P14 Subsequent to the processing of the step P14, the processing is continued again in the step PlO.
- step P12 If, on the other hand, the condition of step P12 is fulfilled, which may be the case, for example, if the determined disturbance value AMP MOD MES differs only to a predefined small extent from the expected disturbance value AMP_MOD_NOM, then the detection parameter PA-
- RAM_DET output This can be done for example to the adjustment unit or the diagnostic unit. Subsequent to the processing of the step P16, the processing in the step P4 is continued again.
- the time counter T_CTR is cyclically incremented by means of a preferably predetermined time counter element and reset again when the condition of step P2 is met.
- a program which is illustrated by the flowchart of FIG. 8, is functionally executed in the diagnostic unit.
- the program is started in a step P18 in which, if necessary, program parameters can be initialized.
- a step P20 it is checked whether one or more new detection parameters PARAM DET have been output by the parameter detection unit and whether these are within a predetermined tolerance range, wherein the respective tolerance range TOL is predetermined such that if the respective detection parameter PARAM_DET is within the tolerance range TOL a fault-free functioning of the lambda probe 42 can be assumed and otherwise a non-faultless functioning of the lambda probe 42 must be assumed.
- a fault-free diagnosis value DIAG_G is set in a step P22, and the processing then proceeds to a step P24 in which the program pauses for a predetermined waiting time period TW5 before the processing is resumed in the step P20 becomes.
- step P20 If, on the other hand, the condition of step P20 is not satisfied, then an error-related diagnostic value DIAG F is set in a step P26 and, depending on this, a fault diagnosis value DIAG F is set. for example, performed on a driver of the vehicle or in a spring store.
- step P26 Following the processing of step P26, the processing is also continued in step P24.
- the program is started in a step P28 in which, if necessary, program parameters can be initialized.
- a step P30 it is checked whether at least one detection parameter PARAM DET has been output by the parameter detection unit and, if appropriate, further prerequisites have been satisfied.
- the further prerequisites may be, for example, that predetermined operating conditions exist which suitably enable adaptation of at least one parameter PARAM of the sensor model for consideration of the resulting adjusted observer output variables OBS Z1 to OBS Z3 in the context of the cylinder-specific lambda control.
- step P30 If the condition of the step P30 is not satisfied, the processing is continued in a step P32, in which the program pauses for another waiting period T_W6, before the processing is continued again in the step P30.
- step P30 if the condition of the step P30 is satisfied, the processing is continued in a step P36.
- At least one parameter PARAM of the sensor model is adapted, depending on the one or more Detection parameters PARAM DET in this context, the respective parameter PARAM, for example, the value of the corresponding parameter PARAM DET directly assigned.
- the respective parameter PARAM for example, the value of the corresponding parameter PARAM DET directly assigned.
- a different value can also be assigned taking into account the required properties of the sensor model. For example, when changing the amplification factor in the context of, in particular, a PTI model, it must be taken into account that this also affects the dynamics of the sensor model and thus certain limits are set here, in the sense that a required stability reserve of the cylinder-specific lambda control is maintained.
- a phase adaptation ie in particular a change of the respective sampling instant of the measuring signal MS1, can be carried out for determining the respective cylinder-individual lambda signals LAM_Z1, LAM_Z2, LAM_Z3.
- the programs according to the flowcharts of FIGS. 7 to 9 and also of FIG. 5 can in principle be executed in different arithmetic units but also in a common arithmetic unit and also stored in a common data or program memory or also stored in separate memories.
- a forward branch of the block B22 comprises in particular the subtracting point SUB1 and the blocks B24 to B30.
- a linear lambda controller may be present within the scope of a linear lambda control.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
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KR1020107029286A KR101255128B1 (ko) | 2008-11-19 | 2009-10-22 | 내연 기관의 동작 장치 |
US12/999,712 US8347700B2 (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2009-10-22 | Device for operating an internal combustion engine |
CN2009801242556A CN102076945B (zh) | 2008-11-19 | 2009-10-22 | 用于运行内燃机的装置 |
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DE102008058008A DE102008058008B3 (de) | 2008-11-19 | 2008-11-19 | Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
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KR (1) | KR101255128B1 (de) |
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DE102011004562B4 (de) | 2011-02-23 | 2013-07-18 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102011083781B3 (de) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-05-24 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
US8499624B1 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-06 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method to determine performance characteristic of an engine exhaust system |
DE102012204332B4 (de) | 2012-03-19 | 2014-11-06 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102012213387B3 (de) * | 2012-07-31 | 2013-05-16 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102012213389B4 (de) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-07-10 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
AT513359B1 (de) * | 2012-08-17 | 2014-07-15 | Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102013227023A1 (de) * | 2013-06-04 | 2014-12-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Zylindergleichstellung einer lambdageregelten Brennkraftmaschine insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
WO2015049726A1 (ja) * | 2013-10-01 | 2015-04-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 空燃比センサの異常診断装置 |
DE102013220117B3 (de) * | 2013-10-04 | 2014-07-17 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
JP6179371B2 (ja) * | 2013-11-25 | 2017-08-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 空燃比センサの異常診断装置 |
DE102014208585A1 (de) * | 2014-05-07 | 2015-11-12 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102014216844B3 (de) * | 2014-08-25 | 2015-10-22 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
US9683513B2 (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2017-06-20 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for learning variability of a direct fuel injector |
US10704485B2 (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-07-07 | Fca Us Llc | Fault detection and isolation fuel system lean monitor rationalized with manifold absolute pressure sensor |
CN113153544B (zh) * | 2021-04-01 | 2023-06-16 | 联合汽车电子有限公司 | 发动机混合气控制系统参数识别方法及装置 |
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KR20110021977A (ko) | 2011-03-04 |
US20120006107A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
DE102008058008B3 (de) | 2010-02-18 |
KR101255128B1 (ko) | 2013-04-15 |
CN102076945A (zh) | 2011-05-25 |
CN102076945B (zh) | 2013-05-08 |
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