WO2010050044A1 - 電動車両の電源システムおよびその制御方法 - Google Patents
電動車両の電源システムおよびその制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010050044A1 WO2010050044A1 PCT/JP2008/069869 JP2008069869W WO2010050044A1 WO 2010050044 A1 WO2010050044 A1 WO 2010050044A1 JP 2008069869 W JP2008069869 W JP 2008069869W WO 2010050044 A1 WO2010050044 A1 WO 2010050044A1
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- power storage
- storage device
- sub power
- voltage
- switching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
- B60L2270/20—Inrush current reduction, i.e. avoiding high currents when connecting the battery
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
- B60Y2400/11—Electric energy storages
- B60Y2400/114—Super-capacities
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the converter used
- H02P2201/07—DC-DC step-up or step-down converter inserted between the power supply and the inverter supplying the motor, e.g. to control voltage source fluctuations, to vary the motor speed
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply system for an electric vehicle and a control method therefor, and more particularly to power supply system control for an electric vehicle equipped with a main power storage device and a plurality of sub power storage devices.
- electric vehicles such as electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles have been developed and put into practical use as environmentally friendly vehicles.
- These electric vehicles are equipped with an electric motor for generating vehicle driving force and a power supply system for supplying electric motor driving power including an electric storage device.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-109840
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-209969
- Patent Document 3 discloses a converter corresponding to a main power supply device and a plurality of sub power storage devices in a vehicle equipped with a main power storage device and a plurality of sub power storage devices.
- one of the plurality of sub power storage devices is selectively connected to the converter, and the driving power of the vehicle drive motor is generated by the main power supply device and the selected sub power storage device. Supplied.
- a new sub power storage device and a converter are connected to each other, and a plurality of sub power storage devices are used sequentially, thereby depending on the stored energy.
- the mileage (EV (Electric Vehicle) mileage) is extended.
- the values of parameters such as the voltage and temperature of the sub power storage device may change discontinuously. In general, such parameters are used for charge / discharge control of the power storage device during travel of the electric vehicle. Therefore, when the value of the parameter relating to the power storage device changes discontinuously, it may affect the running of the electric vehicle.
- the present invention has been made to solve such problems, and an object of the present invention is to include a main power storage device and a plurality of sub power storage devices, and a voltage converter using the plurality of sub power storage devices.
- a power supply system configured to share a (converter)
- a connection switching process for changing a sub power storage device to be used is appropriately performed.
- a power supply system for an electric vehicle equipped with a motor that generates vehicle drive power, wherein the main power storage device, the power supply line, and the first voltage converter are provided in parallel with each other.
- the power supply line is configured to supply power to an inverter that drives and controls the motor.
- the first voltage converter is provided between the power supply line and the main power storage device, and is configured to perform bidirectional voltage conversion.
- the second voltage converter is provided between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the power supply line, and configured to perform bidirectional voltage conversion between one of the plurality of sub power storage devices and the power supply line. .
- the connection unit is provided between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converter, and selectively connects the selected sub power storage device among the plurality of sub power storage devices to the second voltage converter.
- the switching control device controls selective connection between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converter.
- the switching control device includes a switching determination unit, a first power limiting unit, a switching control unit, and a second power limiting unit.
- the switching determination unit is configured to determine whether or not the selected sub power storage device needs to be switched based on the state of charge of each of the plurality of sub power storage devices.
- the first power limiting unit continuously reduces the input / output power upper limit value by the selected sub power storage device to 0 when it is determined that the sub power storage device selected by the switching determination unit needs to be switched.
- the switching control unit is configured to switch connections between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converter when the input / output power upper limit value reaches zero.
- the second power limiting unit is configured to change the connection of the sub power storage device newly connected to the second voltage converter after the connection between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converter is switched by the switching control unit.
- the input / output power upper limit value is continuously increased to a value corresponding to the state of charge.
- the switching control device further includes a data correction unit.
- the data correction unit is configured to execute a correction process for correcting a parameter value related to the selected sub power storage device in a period in which the connection between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converter is switched. Is done.
- the data correction unit changes the parameter value from the first value related to the sub power storage device disconnected from the second voltage converter to the second value related to the newly connected sub power storage device. Change continuously.
- the electric vehicle includes a travel control unit.
- the traveling control unit is configured to control the second voltage converter using the value of the input voltage of the second voltage converter when the electric vehicle is traveling.
- the parameter includes the voltage of the selected sub power storage device.
- the power supply system further includes a capacitor for smoothing the input voltage of the second voltage converter, and a voltage detection unit for detecting the input voltage.
- the switching control device further includes a discharge control unit.
- the discharge control unit is configured to discharge the capacitor prior to switching of the selected sub power storage device. After the capacitor is discharged by the discharge control unit, the data correction unit travels using the voltage value of the selected sub power storage device calculated by the correction process as the input voltage value instead of the detection value by the voltage detection unit. Give to the control unit.
- the switching control device further includes an upper limit fixing unit.
- the upper limit fixing unit is configured to maintain the input / output power upper limit at 0 during a period in which the connection between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converter is switched.
- the switching control device further includes a third power limiting unit.
- the third power limiting unit completes connection switching between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converter after the start of reduction of the input / output power upper limit value by the first power limiting unit. In the period up to, the charging / discharging limitation of the main power storage device is temporarily relaxed.
- the electric vehicle further includes an internal combustion engine and a travel control unit.
- the internal combustion engine is configured to be able to output vehicle drive power independently of the motor.
- the travel control unit starts the internal combustion engine when the total required power of the electric vehicle is larger than the sum of the output power upper limit value by the main power storage device and the output power upper limit value by the selected sub power storage device. Composed.
- a control method for a power system of an electric vehicle equipped with a motor that generates vehicle drive power includes a main power storage device, a feed line, a first voltage converter, a plurality of sub power storage devices provided in parallel to each other, a second voltage converter, a connection unit, and a switching control device. Is provided.
- the power supply line is configured to supply power to an inverter that drives and controls the motor.
- the first voltage converter is provided between the power supply line and the main power storage device, and is configured to perform bidirectional voltage conversion.
- the second voltage converter is provided between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the power supply line, and configured to perform bidirectional voltage conversion between one of the plurality of sub power storage devices and the power supply line.
- the connection unit is provided between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converter, and selectively connects the selected sub power storage device among the plurality of sub power storage devices to the second voltage converter. Configured as follows.
- the switching control device controls selective connection between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converter.
- the control method determines, based on the state of charge of each of the plurality of sub power storage devices, whether or not the selected sub power storage device needs to be switched, and determines that the sub power storage device selected by the determining step needs to be switched.
- the plurality of sub power storage devices And a step of switching the connection between the second voltage converters, and after the connection between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converters is switched by the switching step, the second voltage converter and the second voltage converter are newly Continuously increasing the input / output power upper limit value to a value corresponding to the state of charge of the connected sub power storage device.
- the control method performs a correction process for correcting a parameter value related to the selected sub power storage device in a period in which the connection between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converter is switched. Is further provided.
- the parameter value continuously changes from the first value related to the sub power storage device disconnected from the second voltage converter to the second value related to the newly connected sub power storage device.
- the electric vehicle includes a travel control unit.
- the traveling control unit is configured to control the second voltage converter using the value of the input voltage of the second voltage converter when the electric vehicle is traveling.
- the parameter includes the voltage of the selected sub power storage device.
- the power supply system further includes a capacitor for smoothing the input voltage of the second voltage converter, and a voltage detection unit for detecting the input voltage.
- the control method further includes a step of discharging the capacitor prior to switching of the selected sub power storage device. In the step of executing the correction process, after the capacitor is discharged by the discharging step, the voltage value of the selected sub power storage device calculated by the correction process is set to the input voltage instead of the detection value by the voltage detection unit. A value is given to the travel control unit.
- control method further includes a step of maintaining the input / output power upper limit value at 0 during a period in which the connection between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converter is switched.
- the method further includes the step of temporarily relaxing the charge / discharge restriction of the power storage device.
- the electric vehicle further includes an internal combustion engine configured to be able to output vehicle driving power independently of the motor.
- the internal combustion engine is started when the total required power of the electric vehicle is greater than the sum of the output power upper limit value by the main power storage device and the output power upper limit value by the selected sub power storage device.
- the sub power storage device to be used is changed. Connection switching processing can be performed appropriately.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a detailed configuration of each inverter shown in FIG. 1. It is a circuit diagram which shows the detailed structure of each converter shown in FIG. It is a functional block diagram explaining traveling control of an electric vehicle. It is a flowchart which shows the rough process sequence of the selection sub electrical storage apparatus connection switching process in the power supply system of the electric vehicle by embodiment of this invention.
- 6 is a flowchart illustrating details of a sub power storage device switching determination process shown in FIG. 5. It is a flowchart explaining the detail of the pressure
- FIG. 5 It is a flowchart explaining the detail of the connection switching process shown in FIG. It is a flowchart explaining the detail of the data correction process of step S420 shown in FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining details of a return process shown in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a main configuration of an electric vehicle equipped with a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- electric vehicle 1 includes batteries BA, BB1, and BB2, which are power storage devices, connection portions 39A and 39B, converters 12A and 12B, smoothing capacitors C1, C2, and CH, and voltage sensor 10A. , 10B1, 10B2, 13, 21A, 21B, temperature sensors 11A, 11B1, 11B2, current sensors 9A, 9B1, 9B2, power supply line PL2, inverters 14, 22, motor generators MG1, MG2, and wheels 2 Power split mechanism 3, engine 4, and control device 30.
- batteries BA, BB1, and BB2 which are power storage devices, connection portions 39A and 39B, converters 12A and 12B, smoothing capacitors C1, C2, and CH, and voltage sensor 10A.
- Power split mechanism 3 engine 4, and control device 30.
- the power supply system for the electric vehicle shown in the present embodiment includes a battery BA that is a main power storage device, a power supply line PL2 that supplies power to inverter 14 that drives motor generator MG2, and a main power storage device (BA) and power supply line PL2.
- Converter 12A that is a voltage converter that is provided between and a voltage converter that performs bidirectional voltage conversion, batteries BB1 and BB2 that are a plurality of sub power storage devices provided in parallel to each other, and a plurality of sub power storage devices (BB1) , BB2) and a power supply line PL2 and a converter 12B that is a voltage converter that performs bidirectional voltage conversion.
- the voltage converter (12B) is selectively connected to any one of the plurality of sub power storage devices (BB1, BB2), and performs bidirectional voltage conversion with the power feed line PL2.
- the sub power storage device (one of BB1 or BB2) and the main power storage device (BA) can output, for example, the maximum power allowed for the electrical load (22 and MG2) connected to the power supply line by simultaneous use.
- the chargeable capacity is set as shown.
- EV Electric that does not use the engine
- the converter 12B is shared by a plurality of sub power storage devices, so that the number of converters need not be increased by the number of power storage devices.
- a battery may be added in parallel to the batteries BB1 and BB2.
- the main power storage device and the sub power storage device mounted on the electric vehicle can be externally charged.
- electrically powered vehicle 1 further includes a battery charging device (charging converter) 6 for connection to an external power supply 8 which is a commercial power supply of AC 100V, for example.
- the battery charging device (6) converts alternating current into direct current and regulates the voltage to supply charging power for the battery.
- the configuration enabling external charging includes a system in which the neutral point of the stator coils of motor generators MG1 and MG2 is connected to an AC power supply, and converters 12A and 12B combined to form an AC / DC converter. A functioning method may be used.
- Smoothing capacitor C1 is connected between power supply line PL1A and ground line SL2.
- the voltage sensor 21 ⁇ / b> A detects the voltage VLA across the smoothing capacitor C ⁇ b> 1 and outputs it to the control device 30.
- Converter 12A can boost the voltage across terminals of smoothing capacitor C1 and supply the boosted voltage to power supply line PL2.
- Smoothing capacitor C2 is connected between power supply line PL1B and ground line SL2.
- the voltage sensor 21B detects the voltage VLB across the smoothing capacitor C2 and outputs it to the control device 30.
- Converter 12B can boost the voltage across terminals of smoothing capacitor C2 and supply it to power supply line PL2.
- Smoothing capacitor CH smoothes the voltage boosted by converters 12A and 12B.
- the voltage sensor 13 detects the inter-terminal voltage VH of the smoothing capacitor CH and outputs it to the control device 30.
- converters 12A and 12B can step down voltage VH between terminals smoothed by smoothing capacitor CH and supply it to power supply lines PL1A and PL1B.
- the inverter 14 converts the DC voltage supplied from the converter 12B and / or 12A into a three-phase AC voltage and outputs it to the motor generator MG1.
- Inverter 22 converts the DC voltage applied from converters 12B and / or 12A into a three-phase AC voltage and outputs the same to motor generator MG2.
- the power split mechanism 3 is a mechanism that is coupled to the engine 4 and the motor generators MG1 and MG2 and distributes power between them.
- a planetary gear mechanism having three rotating shafts of a sun gear, a planetary carrier, and a ring gear can be used.
- rotation of two of the three rotation shafts is determined, rotation of the other one rotation shaft is forcibly determined.
- the rotating shaft of motor generator MG2 is coupled to wheel 2 by a reduction gear and a differential gear (not shown). Further, a reduction gear for the rotation shaft of motor generator MG2 may be further incorporated in power split device 3.
- Connection portion 39A includes a system main relay SMR2 connected between the positive electrode of battery BA and power supply line PL1A, a system main relay SMR1 connected in series with system main relay SMR2, and a limiting resistor R, A system main relay SMR3 connected between a negative electrode (ground line SL1) of battery BA and node N2 is included.
- System main relays SMR1 to SMR3 are controlled to be in a conductive state (ON) / non-conductive state (OFF) in accordance with relay control signals CONT1 to CONT3 given from control device 30, respectively.
- Voltage sensor 10A measures voltage VA between the terminals of battery BA. Furthermore, the temperature sensor 11A measures the temperature TA of the battery BA, and the current sensor 9A measures the input / output current IA of the battery BA. Measurement values obtained by these sensors are output to the control device 30. Based on these measured values, control device 30 monitors the state of battery BA represented by SOC (State of Charge).
- SOC State of Charge
- Connection portion 39B is provided between power supply line PL1B and ground line SL2 and batteries BB1 and BB2.
- Connection unit 39B includes relay SR1 connected between the positive electrode of battery BB1 and power supply line PL1B, relay SR1G connected between the negative electrode of battery BB1 and ground line SL2, and the positive electrode and power supply line of battery BB2.
- Relay SR2 connected between PL1B and relay SR2G connected between the negative electrode of battery BB2 and ground line SL2.
- Relays SR1 and SR2 are controlled to be in a conductive state (ON) / non-conductive state (OFF) in accordance with relay control signals CONT4 and CONT5 given from control device 30, respectively.
- Relays SR1G and SR2G are controlled to be in a conductive state (ON) / non-conductive state (OFF) in accordance with relay control signals CONT6 and CONT7 given from control device 30, respectively.
- ground line SL2 extends through converters 12A and 12B to inverters 14 and 22 side.
- Voltage sensors 10B1 and 10B2 measure voltages VBB1 and VBB2 between terminals of batteries BB1 and BB2, respectively. Furthermore, temperature sensors 11B1 and 11B2 measure temperatures TBB1 and TBB2 of batteries BB1 and BB2, respectively. Current sensors 9B1 and 9B2 measure input / output currents IB1 and IB2 of batteries BB1 and BB2. Measurement values obtained by these sensors are output to the control device 30. Based on these measured values, control device 30 monitors the states of batteries BB1 and BB2 represented by SOC.
- batteries BA, BB1, and BB2 for example, secondary batteries such as lead storage batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, and lithium ion batteries, large-capacity capacitors such as electric double layer capacitors, and the like can be used.
- secondary batteries such as lead storage batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, and lithium ion batteries, large-capacity capacitors such as electric double layer capacitors, and the like can be used.
- the inverter 14 is connected to the power supply line PL2 and the ground line SL2. Inverter 14 receives the boosted voltage from converters 12A and / or 12B and drives motor generator MG1 to start engine 4, for example. Inverter 14 returns the electric power generated by motor generator MG1 by the power transmitted from engine 4 to converters 12A and 12B. At this time, converters 12A and 12B are controlled by control device 30 so as to operate as a step-down converter.
- Current sensor 24 detects the current flowing through motor generator MG1 as motor current value MCRT1, and outputs motor current value MCRT1 to control device 30.
- the inverter 22 is connected in parallel with the inverter 14 to the power supply line PL2 and the ground line SL2. Inverter 22 converts the DC voltage output from converters 12 ⁇ / b> A and 12 ⁇ / b> B into a three-phase AC voltage and outputs the same to motor generator MG ⁇ b> 2 driving wheel 2. Inverter 22 returns the electric power generated in motor generator MG2 to converters 12A and 12B along with regenerative braking. At this time, converters 12A and 12B are controlled by control device 30 so as to operate as a step-down converter.
- Current sensor 25 detects the current flowing through motor generator MG2 as motor current value MCRT2, and outputs motor current value MCRT2 to control device 30.
- the control device 30 is composed of a CPU (Central Processing Unit) (not shown) and an electronic control unit (ECU) with a built-in memory, and based on a map and a program stored in the memory, an operation using measured values from each sensor. Perform processing. Note that a part of the control device 30 may be configured to execute predetermined numerical / logical operation processing by hardware such as an electronic circuit.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- ECU electronice control unit
- control device 30 includes torque command values and rotational speeds of motor generators MG1, MG2, voltages VBA, VBB1, VBB2, VLA, VLB, VH, motor current values MCRT1, MCRT2, and a start signal.
- Control device 30 outputs control signal PWUB for instructing boosting to converter 12B, control signal PWDB for instructing step-down, and a shutdown signal instructing prohibition of operation.
- control device 30 provides control signal PWMI1 for giving a drive instruction to convert inverter 14 to a DC voltage that is output from converters 12A and 12B into an AC voltage for driving motor generator MG1, and motor generator MG1.
- control signal PWMC1 for performing a regeneration instruction for converting the generated AC voltage into a DC voltage and returning it to the converters 12A and 12B is output.
- control device 30 converts control signal PWMI2 for instructing inverter 22 to drive to convert DC voltage into AC voltage for driving motor generator MG2, and AC voltage generated by motor generator MG2 to DC voltage.
- a control signal PWMC2 for performing a regeneration instruction for conversion and returning to the converters 12A and 12B is output.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a detailed configuration of inverters 14 and 22 in FIG.
- inverter 14 includes a U-phase arm 15, a V-phase arm 16, and a W-phase arm 17.
- U-phase arm 15, V-phase arm 16, and W-phase arm 17 are connected in parallel between power supply line PL2 and ground line SL2.
- U-phase arm 15 includes IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) elements Q3 and Q4, IGBT elements Q3 and Q4, and anti-parallel diodes D3 and D4 respectively connected in series between power supply line PL2 and ground line SL2. including.
- the cathode of diode D3 is connected to the collector of IGBT element Q3, and the anode of diode D3 is connected to the emitter of IGBT element Q3.
- the cathode of diode D4 is connected to the collector of IGBT element Q4, and the anode of diode D4 is connected to the emitter of IGBT element Q4.
- V-phase arm 16 includes IGBT elements Q5 and Q6 connected in series between power supply line PL2 and ground line SL2, and antiparallel diodes D5 and D6, respectively. Connections of IGBT elements Q5 and Q6 and antiparallel diodes D5 and D6 are the same as those of U-phase arm 15.
- W-phase arm 17 includes IGBT elements Q7 and Q8 connected in series between power supply line PL2 and ground line SL2, and antiparallel diodes D7 and D8, respectively. Connection of IGBT elements Q7 and Q8 and antiparallel diodes D7 and D8 is the same as that of U-phase arm 15.
- the IGBT element is shown as a representative example of a power semiconductor switching element that can be controlled on and off. That is, a power semiconductor switching element such as a bipolar transistor or a field effect transistor can be used in place of the IGBT element.
- each phase arm is connected to each phase end of each phase coil of motor generator MG1. That is, motor generator MG1 is a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor, and one end of each of three coils of U, V, and W phases is connected to the midpoint.
- the other end of the U-phase coil is connected to a line UL drawn from the connection node of IGBT elements Q3 and Q4.
- the other end of the V-phase coil is connected to a line VL drawn from the connection node of IGBT elements Q5 and Q6.
- the other end of the W-phase coil is connected to a line WL drawn from the connection node of IGBT elements Q7 and Q8.
- inverter 22 in FIG. 1 is also different in that it is connected to motor generator MG2, but since the internal circuit configuration is the same as that of inverter 14, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
- FIG. 2 shows that the control signals PWMI and PWMC are given to the inverter, but this is for avoiding complicated description. As shown in FIG. 1, separate control signals PWMI1 are used. , PWMC1 and control signals PWMI2 and PWMC2 are input to inverters 14 and 22, respectively.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a detailed configuration of converters 12A and 12B in FIG.
- converter 12A includes a reactor L1 having one end connected to power supply line PL1A, IGBT elements Q1, Q2 connected in series between power supply line PL2 and ground line SL2, Including anti-parallel diodes D1, D2.
- reactor L1 The other end of reactor L1 is connected to the emitter of IGBT element Q1 and the collector of IGBT element Q2.
- the cathode of diode D1 is connected to the collector of IGBT element Q1, and the anode of diode D1 is connected to the emitter of IGBT element Q1.
- the cathode of diode D2 is connected to the collector of IGBT element Q2, and the anode of diode D2 is connected to the emitter of IGBT element Q2.
- FIG. 1 is different from converter 12A in that it is connected to power supply line PL1B instead of power supply line PL1A, but the internal circuit configuration is the same as that of converter 12A, and therefore detailed description will not be repeated. .
- FIG. 3 shows that the control signals PWU and PWD are given to the converter, but in order to avoid the description being complicated, as shown in FIG. 1, separate control signals PWUA are provided.
- PWDA and control signals PWUB, PWDB are input to inverters 14, 22, respectively.
- motor generator MG ⁇ b> 1 includes battery BA (main power storage device) and sub power storage device selected from batteries BB ⁇ b> 1 and BB ⁇ b> 2 (hereinafter also referred to as “selected sub power storage device BB”). Power is exchanged with MG2.
- battery BA main power storage device
- sub power storage device selected from batteries BB ⁇ b> 1 and BB ⁇ b> 2 hereinafter also referred to as “selected sub power storage device BB”. Power is exchanged with MG2.
- control device 30 Based on detection values of voltage sensor 10A, temperature sensor 11A and current sensor 9A, control device 30 includes SOC (BA) indicating the remaining capacity of the main power storage device, and input upper limit power Win (M) indicating the upper limit value of the charging power. And an output upper limit power Wout (M) indicating the upper limit value of the discharge power.
- SOC BA
- M input upper limit power Win
- M output upper limit power Wout
- control device 30 determines SOC (BB) and input / output upper limit power Win (S) for selected sub power storage device BB based on the detection values of voltage sensors 10B1, 10B2, temperature sensors 11B1, 11B2, and current sensors 9B1, 9B2. ), Wout (S).
- the SOC is indicated by the ratio (%) of the current charge amount to the full charge state of each battery.
- Win and Wout are indicated as upper limit values of electric power so that the battery (BA, BB1, BB2) is not overcharged or overdischarged even when the electric power is discharged for a predetermined time (for example, about 10 seconds).
- FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram illustrating a control configuration related to travel control of electric vehicle 1 realized by control device 30, specifically, power distribution control between engine 4 and motor generators MG1 and MG2. A figure is shown.
- Each functional block shown in FIG. 4 is realized by execution of a predetermined program stored in advance by the control device 30 and / or arithmetic processing by an electronic circuit (hardware) in the control device 30.
- total power calculation unit 260 calculates total required power Pttl for electric vehicle 1 as a whole based on the vehicle speed and pedal operation (accelerator pedal). Note that the total required power Pttl can also include power (engine output) required for generating battery charging power by the motor generator MG1 in accordance with the vehicle situation.
- the traveling control unit 250 includes the input / output upper limit powers Win (M) and Wout (M) of the main power storage device BA, the input / output upper limit powers Win (S) and Wout (S) of the selected sub power storage device BB, and total power calculation.
- the total required power Pttl from the unit 260 and the regenerative brake request when operating the brake pedal are input.
- Traveling control unit 250 has a total input / output power of motor generators MG1 and MG2 that is limited in charging (Win (M) + Win (S)) and discharging (Wout (M) for main power storage device BA and selected sub power storage device BB. ) + Wout (S)), torque command values Tqcom1 and Tqcom2 as motor control commands are generated.
- the vehicle drive power by motor generator MG2 and the vehicle drive power by engine 4 are distributed so that total required power Pttl is ensured.
- the operation of the engine 4 is suppressed by maximizing the use of externally charged battery power, or the vehicle driving power by the engine 4 is set corresponding to a region where the engine 4 can operate with high efficiency. By this, high fuel consumption vehicle travel control is realized.
- Travel control unit 250 controls converters 12A and 12B so that charging and discharging are performed on main power storage device BA and sub power storage device BB in order to execute the travel control described above.
- traveling control unit 250 In order to control converters 12A and 12B, traveling control unit 250 generates control signals PWUA, PWDA, PWUB, and PWDB based on voltage values VLA, VLB, and VH, and outputs these control signals.
- the current IA of the main power storage device and the current IBB of the selected sub power storage device may be used in addition to the voltage values VLA, VLB, and VH for generating the control signals PWUA, PWDA, PWUB, and PWDB.
- the inverter control unit 270 generates control signals PWMI1 and PWMC1 for the inverter 14 based on the torque command value Tqcom1 and the motor current value MCRT1 of the motor generator MG1.
- inverter control unit 280 generates control signals PWMI2 and PWMC2 for inverter 22 based on torque command value Tqcom2 and motor current value MCRT2 of motor generator MG2.
- the traveling control unit 250 generates an engine control command according to the set value of the vehicle driving power by the set engine. Further, the operation of the engine 4 is controlled by a control device (engine ECU) (not shown) in accordance with the engine control command.
- the total required power Pttl is equal to or lower than the output upper limit power Wout (M) + Wout (S) for the entire battery. In some cases, the vehicle travels only by the vehicle driving power by the motor generator MG2 without operating the engine 4. On the other hand, when the total required power Pttl exceeds Wout (M) + Wout (S), the engine 4 is started.
- control device 30 drives between engine 4 and motor generator MG2 so that battery SOC is maintained at a predetermined target value.
- Control power power distribution That is, traveling control in which the engine 4 is more easily operated than in the EV mode is performed.
- charge / discharge control is performed such that the power of the selected sub power storage device BB is preferentially used over the main power storage device BA. For this reason, when the SOC of the selected sub power storage device BB in use while the vehicle is traveling decreases, it becomes necessary to switch the selected sub power storage device BB. For example, when the battery BB1 is selected as the selected sub power storage device BB at the time of starting the vehicle, a connection switching process for disconnecting the battery BB1 from the converter 12B and connecting the battery BB2 as the new selected sub power storage device BB to the converter 12B is performed. It needs to be executed.
- the battery BB2 newly set as the selected sub power storage device BB generally has a higher output voltage than the battery BB1 used so far.
- the connection of a new high-voltage battery may cause a problem in device protection due to the occurrence of an unintended short-circuit path. Therefore, in the connection switching process of the sub power storage device, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to prevent the occurrence of a short circuit path. Further, during the period of the connection switching process, power supply and power recovery by the selected sub power storage device BB is impossible, and thus charging / discharging is restricted so that overcharge and overdischarge do not occur in the entire power supply system during the period. Is required.
- charging / discharging of the power storage device is controlled using parameters such as the charging state, voltage, and temperature of the power storage device. If the value of the parameter changes discontinuously with the switching of the selected sub power storage device, it may affect the travel control of the electric vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid the influence on the traveling control of the electric vehicle due to the switching of the selected sub power storage device.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a schematic processing procedure of switching processing of the selected sub power storage device in the power supply system of the electric vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- 6 to 11 are flowcharts illustrating details of steps S100, S200, S300, S400, and S500 of FIG.
- the control device 30 can repeatedly execute the control processing procedure according to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 5 to 11 at a predetermined cycle by executing a predetermined program stored in advance at a predetermined cycle. Thereby, the connection switching process of the sub power storage device in the power supply system of the electric vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention can be realized.
- control device 30 executes a switching determination process for the selected sub power storage device.
- the following steps S200 to S500 are executed.
- steps S200 to S500 are substantially not executed.
- control device 30 executes pre-switching boost processing, and in step S300, power limit change processing is performed so that an excessive charge / discharge request is not generated for the power supply system during the connection switching period of the sub power storage device.
- step S400 control device 30 executes a connection switching process for actually switching the connection between selected sub power storage device BB and converter 12B, and after the completion, in step S500, a control process is performed to execute a return process to generate a new selected sub power storage device.
- the power supply by the device BB is started.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the details of the switching determination process (S100) of the selected sub power storage device in FIG.
- the determination in step S110 is basically performed based on the SOC of the currently selected sub power storage device BB. That is, when the SOC of the sub power storage device in use falls below a predetermined determination value, it is determined that the selected sub power storage device needs to be switched.
- control apparatus 30 confirms the switching necessity determination result by step S110 by step S150.
- control device 30 designates a newly selected selected sub power storage device BB in step S160.
- a new selected sub power storage device BB is automatically determined without performing step S160. Is done.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining the details of the pre-switching boosting process (S200) shown in FIG.
- ID 1 and a switching request for selected sub power storage device BB is made and the switching process is started (YES determination in S205)
- control device 30 causes power supply line PL2 to be switched in step S210.
- a boost command for converter 12A is generated so as to boost voltage VH to predetermined voltage V1.
- the predetermined voltage V1 is set to a voltage higher than the higher one of the output voltages of the main power storage device BA and the newly connected selected sub power storage device BB (for example, BB2).
- predetermined voltage V1 is set to control upper limit voltage VHmax that can be boosted by converter 12A, voltage VH at the time of the boost command is made higher than both output voltage of main power storage device BA and selected sub power storage device BB after switching. Can be surely high.
- predetermined voltage V1 is determined each time with a margin according to the output voltages of main power storage device BA and selected sub power storage device BB after switching. Also good.
- step S210 the control device 30 determines whether the voltage VH has reached the predetermined voltage V1 based on the detection value of the voltage sensor 13 in step S220. For example, when VH ⁇ V1 is maintained for a predetermined time, step S220 is determined as YES.
- the control device 30 advances the ID from 1 to 2.
- ID ⁇ 1 NO in S205
- the subsequent steps S210 to S230 are skipped.
- step S200 the control device 30 executes a power limit changing process as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining the details of the power limit change process (S300) shown in FIG.
- control device 30 starts temporary relaxation of the charge / discharge restriction of main power storage device BA in step S310. Specifically, the absolute values of input / output upper limit powers Win (M) and Wout (M) of main power storage device BA are temporarily increased.
- control device 30 gradually decreases the absolute values of input / output upper limit powers Win (S) and Wout (S) of selected sub power storage device BB. For example, Wout (S) and Win (S) are gradually decreased toward 0 according to a predetermined constant rate.
- traveling control unit 250 is configured such that the total input / output power of motor generators MG1 and MG2 is limited in charging of main power storage device BA and selected sub power storage device BB (Win (M) + Win (S)). And torque command values Tqcom1 and Tqcom2 as motor control commands are generated so as to be within the range of discharge limitation (Wout (M) + Wout (S)).
- Wout (S) and Win (S) are decreased stepwise, the upper limit value of the torque (powering torque and regenerative torque) of motor generator MG2 decreases discontinuously. That is, there is a possibility that the torque of motor generator MG2 is suddenly limited.
- the upper limit value of torque of motor generator MG2 can be smoothly reduced by gradually decreasing the absolute values of Wout (S) and Win (S) according to a predetermined constant rate. Therefore, since the torque of motor generator MG2 can be avoided from being suddenly limited, the influence on the vehicle behavior as described above can be avoided.
- ID 3 indicates a state in which the pre-switching boosting process and the power limit changing process have been completed and connection switching between sub power storage devices BB1 and BB2 and converter 12B can be started.
- control device 30 executes the sub power storage device connection switching process in step S400.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining the details of the connection switching process (S400) of the sub power storage device shown in FIG.
- ID ⁇ 3 NO in S405
- the processes in subsequent steps S410 to S450 are skipped.
- control device 30 stops converter 12B as preparation for switching the connection of the sub power storage device in step S410. That is, in the converter 12B, the IGBT elements Q1, Q2 are forcibly turned off in response to the shutdown command.
- Control device 30 generates a relay control signal for disconnecting the selected sub power storage device from converter 12B in step S411. For example, when sub power storage device BB1 is a selected sub power storage device, control device 30 generates relay control signals CONT4 and CONT6 to turn off relays SR1 and SR1G.
- control device 30 discharges the smoothing capacitor C2 in step S412. For example, control device 30 discharges smoothing capacitor C2 by turning on only the lower arm element (switching element Q2 shown in FIG. 3) of converter 12B. When the value of voltage VLB detected by voltage sensor 21B drops to a predetermined value, control device 30 determines that discharging of smoothing capacitor C2 has been completed and turns off switching element Q2.
- control apparatus 30 performs a data correction process by step S420. Specifically, control device 30 changes the value of the parameter related to the state of the selected sub power storage device (hereinafter simply referred to as “state parameter”) from the value of the parameter of the sub power storage device before switching to the sub power storage device after switching. The parameter value is continuously changed. The parameter value is changed by changing the weighting factor.
- state parameter includes the voltage (VBB) of the selected sub power storage device. Further, control device 30 sets the value of voltage VLB to VBB and fixes input / output upper limit powers Win (S) and Wout (S) to zero.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining details of the data correction processing in step S420 shown in FIG. Referring to FIG. 10, control device 30 sets the initial value of weighting factor ⁇ to 0 in step S421.
- control device 30 calculates SOC (BB), TBB, and VBB as state parameters in the switching period of the selected sub power storage device.
- the value of the state parameter before switching the selected sub power storage device is A1
- the value of the state parameter after switching the selected sub power storage device is A2.
- Control device 30 calculates state parameter value B in the switching period of the selected sub power storage device according to the following equation.
- the state parameter to be changed in the process of step S422 is not limited to each of SOC (BB), TBB, and VBB, or a combination thereof, and is a state parameter required for traveling control of the electric vehicle. Can be selected appropriately.
- Control device 30 sets the value of input voltage VLB of converter 12B to the value of voltage VBB in step S423. Due to the discharge of the smoothing capacitor C2, the detection value of the voltage sensor 21B becomes almost zero. When the detected value of the voltage sensor 21B is 0 but the detected value is used as the value of the input voltage VLB of the converter 12B, for example, it is determined that the converter 12B is abnormal, so that Impact may occur.
- the value of voltage VBB calculated by the process of step S422 to the value of input voltage VLB of converter 12B, it is possible to avoid an influence on the vehicle system (for example, an influence on travel control).
- the control apparatus 30 fixes each value of Wout (S) and Win (S) to 0 by step S424. For example, it is conceivable to set Wout (S) and Win (S) to a value larger than 0 in order to start the engine 4 or to maintain the SOC value of the selected sub power storage device at a predetermined value.
- Wout (S) and Win (S) it is conceivable to set Wout (S) and Win (S) to a value larger than 0 in order to start the engine 4 or to maintain the SOC value of the selected sub power storage device at a predetermined value.
- a large current instantaneously flows through a relay provided corresponding to the sub power storage device. There is a risk of relay welding. When the relay is welded, it is difficult to switch the selected sub power storage device.
- Wout (S) and Win (S) are fixed to 0 in the switching period of the selected sub power storage device (more specifically, the period until Wout (S) and Win (S) are recovered). As a result, switching of the selected sub power storage device can be performed reliably.
- the control device 30 determines whether or not the weighting factor ⁇ has reached 1 in step S425. When the weighting factor ⁇ is equal to 1 (when YES is determined in step S425), the process of step S420 ends. When the weighting factor ⁇ is less than 1 (when NO is determined in step S425), the control device 30 increases the weighting factor ⁇ by + ⁇ in step S426. In the present embodiment, the increment value + ⁇ is a constant value. When the process of step S426 ends, the entire process returns to step 422.
- control device 30 generates a relay control signal for connecting a new sub power storage device to converter 12B in step S430. For example, to connect battery BB2 to converter 12B, control device 30 generates relay control signals CONT5 and CONT7 such that relays SR2 and SR2G are turned on.
- control device 30 determines whether or not the relay connection switching instructed in step S420 has been completed.
- control device 30 restarts converter 12B and starts a switching operation in step S440, and advances ID from 3 to 4 in step S450.
- control device 30 executes the return process at step S500.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart for explaining the details of the return processing (S500) shown in FIG.
- control device 30 ends temporary relaxation of the charge / discharge restriction of main power storage device BA started in step S310 (FIG. 7) in step S510. .
- Wout (M) and Win (M) basically return to the values before the start of the switching process of the selected sub power storage device BB.
- control device 30 converts input / output upper limit power Win (S), Wout (S) of selected sub power storage device BB, which has been reduced to 0 by the power limiting process (step S300), to a new selected sub power storage device (for example, The battery BB2) is gradually raised to the values of Win and Wout.
- the control device 30 changes Win (S) and Wout (S) so that Wout (S) and Win (S) gradually increase according to a predetermined constant rate. If Wout (S) and Win (S) are increased stepwise, the upper limit value of the torque (powering torque and regenerative torque) of motor generator MG2 increases discontinuously, which may affect vehicle behavior. is there.
- the absolute values of Wout (S) and Win (S) are gradually increased according to a predetermined constant rate in the same manner as when Wout (S) and Win (S) are lowered.
- the upper limit value of the torque of motor generator MG2 can be increased smoothly, so that the influence on the vehicle behavior can be avoided.
- control device 30 confirms whether or not input / output upper limit power Win (S), Wout (S) has returned to the values of Win, Wout of the new selected sub power storage device BB in step S530. During the period until the return is completed (NO in S530), step S520 is repeatedly executed, and the input / output upper limit powers Win (S) and Wout (S) gradually increase at a constant rate.
- control device 30 When the restoration of the input / output upper limit powers Win (S) and Wout (S) is completed (when YES is determined in S530), the control device 30 returns the ID to 0 again in step S540. Thereby, in the power supply system, a state in which normal power supply and power recovery by main power storage device BA and new selected sub power storage device BB are possible is reproduced.
- control device 30 advances the process to step S550, and turns off the boost command generated in step S210 (FIG. 6).
- the voltage command value of power supply line PL2 is also a normal value set according to the state of motor generators MG1, MG2.
- control apparatus 30 may complete
- step S570 the switching determination process in step S100 is executed at a predetermined cycle, so that the switching process of the selected sub power storage device is started again as necessary.
- ID 0 is maintained depending on the situation.
- the configuration can be made such that the switching process of the selected sub power storage device from the second time onward can be executed.
- FIG. 12 shows operation waveforms in the switching process of the selected sub power storage device in the power supply system of the electric vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention described in FIGS.
- step S200 the pre-switching boosting process (step S200) is executed, and the voltage VH of the feed line PL2 is raised toward the predetermined voltage V1 by the converter 12A.
- the ID is changed from 1 to 2.
- the power limit changing process (S300) is executed, and charging / discharging of the main power storage device BA is temporarily alleviated. That is, a temporary increase in the absolute values of the input / output upper limit powers Win (M) and Wout (M) is started. Further, the input / output upper limit powers Win (S) and Wout (S) of the selected sub power storage device BB are gradually decreased at a constant rate toward zero. In this period, converter 12B is controlled to stop charging / discharging of currently selected sub power storage device (battery BB1). Alternatively, converter 12B may shut down from time t1.
- the ID is changed from 2 to 3.
- relay connection switching processing is completed and battery BB2 as a new selected sub power storage device is connected to converter 12B, converter 12B is activated again.
- the ID is changed from 3 to 4 at time t4.
- Temperature TBB, SOC (BB), and voltage VBB vary according to the weighting factor ⁇ . Specifically, before time t3, temperature TBB, SOC value SOC (BB), and voltage VBB are temperature TBB1, SOC (BB1), and voltage VBB1, respectively. In the period from time t2 to time t3, voltage VBB1 rises as Wout (S) and Win (S) decrease.
- TBB continuously changes from TBB1 to TBB2.
- SOC continuously changes from SOC (BB1) to SOC (BB2)
- voltage VBB continuously changes from VBB1 to VBB2.
- the state parameter of the sub power storage device BB2 is adopted as the state parameter of the selected sub power storage device. That is, temperatures TBB, SOC (BB), and voltage VBB are TBB2, SOC (BB2), and VBB2, respectively.
- current IB of the selected sub power storage device changes according to Wout (S) and Win (S). Specifically, since Wout (S) and Win (S) decrease during the period from time t2 to time t3, the current IB (IB1) decreases. In the period from time t3 to time t4, Wout (S) and Win (S) are fixed to 0, so that the current IB becomes 0. Since Wout (S) and Win (S) rise in the period from time t4 to time t5, the current IB (IB2) rises.
- FIG. 14 a functional part for the switching process of the selected sub power storage device described in FIGS. 5 to 11 is a part of the control configuration of the power supply system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the configuration will be described.
- Each functional block shown in FIG. 14 is realized by software processing by execution of a predetermined program or a dedicated electronic circuit (hardware processing) by the control device 30.
- the switching determination unit 100 executes the determination process at a predetermined cycle, and the ID changes from 0 to 1 when the selected sub power storage device needs to be switched. Let Thereby, a switching request for the selected sub power storage device is generated. That is, the function of the switching determination unit 100 corresponds to the process of step S100 in FIG.
- Converter control unit 200 generates control signals PWUA and PWDA for converter 12A based on voltages VH and VLA and voltage command value VHref so that voltage VH of power supply line PL2 becomes voltage command value VHref.
- the power limiting unit 120 sets the input / output upper limit power Win (S), Wout (S) of the selected sub power storage device BB.
- the input / output upper limit powers Win (S) and Wout (S) are the SOC (SOC (BB1) or SOC (BB2)), battery temperature (TBB1 or TBB2), and output of the battery selected as the selected sub power storage device BB. It is set based on the voltage (VB1 or VB2).
- the ID is changed from 2 to 3.
- the power limiting unit 120 fixes the input / output upper limit powers Win (S) and Wout (S) to 0.
- the ID is changed from 4 to 0.
- the function of the power limiting unit 120 corresponds to the processing in steps S320 to S340 in FIG. 8, the processing in step S424 in FIG. 10, and the processing in steps S520 to S540 in FIG.
- the power limiting unit 120 implements the functions of the “first power limiting unit”, “second power limiting unit”, and “upper limit fixing unit” of the present invention.
- the power limiting unit 130 sets the input / output upper limit power Win (M) and Wout (M) of the main power storage device BA.
- input / output upper limit powers Win (M) and Wout (M) are set based on SOC (BA) of main power storage device BA, battery temperature TA, and output voltage VA.
- the function of the power limiting unit 130 corresponds to the processing in step S310 in FIG. 8 and step S510 in FIG. Furthermore, the power limiting unit 130 implements the function of the “third power limiting unit” of the present invention.
- connection switching control unit 140 executes the processing of step S400 in FIG. 5 (S405 to S412, S430 to S450 in FIG. 9).
- the connection switching control unit 140 implements the functions of the “switching control unit” and the “discharge control unit” of the present invention.
- the data correction unit 150 continuously changes the weighting factor ⁇ from 0 to 1 to thereby change the state parameters (SOC (BB), TBB and VBB) are continuously changed from the state parameters before switching (SOC (BB1), TBB1 and VBB1) to the state parameters after switching (SOC (BB2), TBB2 and VBB2). Further, the data correction unit 150 replaces the value of the voltage VLB with the calculated value of VBB from the value detected by the voltage sensor 21B. That is, the data correction unit 150 executes the process in step S420 in FIG. 9 (specifically, the processes in steps S421 to S423, S425, and S426 in FIG. 10).
- the state parameter of selected sub power storage device BB is continuously changed during the switching process of the selected sub power storage device. This can prevent the running control of the electric vehicle based on the state parameter from being disturbed during the switching process of the selected sub power storage device.
- the input voltage of the converter corresponding to the selected sub power storage device BB is selected from the voltage across the smoothing capacitor. Replaced with the voltage of power storage device BB.
- converter control the input voltage and the output voltage are generally used.
- the control may diverge.
- the converter input voltage is replaced with the voltage of the selected sub power storage device BB while the smoothing capacitor is being discharged, so that the converter control can be prevented from being disturbed. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent disturbance in the traveling control of the electric vehicle.
- the input / output upper limit power of selected sub power storage device BB is fixed to 0 during the switching process of the selected sub power storage device. If the input / output upper limit power of selected sub power storage device BB is not 0, for example, power may be output from the selected sub power storage device, and switching of the selected sub power storage device may not be possible (for example, relay welding, etc.). According to the present embodiment, such a problem can be avoided.
- charging / discharging of main power supply device BA is performed during a period from when the reduction of the input / output power upper limit value is started until connection switching between the plurality of sub power storage devices and converter 12B is completed.
- Temporarily relax restrictions As a result, the charging / discharging power limitation of the main power storage device is temporarily relaxed during a period in which power input / output to / from the sub power storage device is impossible due to the connection switching of the sub power storage device. Can be secured.
- the electric vehicle further includes engine 4 configured to be able to output vehicle drive power independently of motor generator MG2, and travel control unit 250.
- Travel control unit 250 starts the engine when the total required power of the vehicle is greater than the sum of the output power upper limit value of main power storage device BA and the output power upper limit value of the selected sub power storage device. . Accordingly, by appropriately setting the input / output power upper limit value at the time of switching the connection of the sub power storage device, it is possible to prevent excessive charging / discharging of the power supply system and to temporarily limit the charge / discharge of the main power storage device By relaxing, it is possible to prevent the internal combustion engine from being newly started when the connection of the sub power storage device is switched.
- an electric vehicle equipped with a series / parallel type hybrid system capable of transmitting engine power divided into drive wheels and a generator by a power split mechanism is shown.
- the present invention is applied to, for example, a series hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, and a fuel cell vehicle in which an engine is used only for driving a generator and an axle driving force is generated only by a motor that uses electric power generated by the generator. Is also applicable. Since these vehicles are each equipped with a motor that generates vehicle driving power and a power storage device, the present invention is applicable.
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Abstract
Description
Vehicle)走行において最大パワーの走行が可能である。副蓄電装置の蓄電状態が悪化したら、副蓄電装置を交換してさらに走行させればよい。そして副蓄電装置の電力が消費されてしまったら、主蓄電装置に加えてエンジンを使用することによって、副蓄電装置を使用しないでも最大パワーの走行を可能とすることができる。
制御装置30は、これらの測定値に基づいて、SOC(State of Charge)に代表されるバッテリBAの状態を監視する。
図2を参照して、インバータ14は、U相アーム15と、V相アーム16と、W相アーム17とを含む。U相アーム15、V相アーム16、およびW相アーム17は、給電ラインPL2と接地ラインSL2との間に並列に接続される。
図3を参照して、コンバータ12Aは、一方端が電源ラインPL1Aに接続されるリアクトルL1と、給電ラインPL2と接地ラインSL2との間に直列に接続されるIGBT素子Q1,Q2と、それぞれの逆並列ダイオードD1,D2とを含む。
図5は、本発明の実施の形態による電動車両の電源システムにおける選択副蓄電装置の切換処理の概略的な処理手順を示すフローチャートである。また、図6~図11は、図5のステップS100、S200、S300、S400、およびS500の詳細を説明するフローチャートである。
重み係数αを0から1まで徐々に変化させる(αを+Δαずつ増加させる)ことによって、選択副蓄電装置の切換期間に状態パラメータの値をA1からA2に滑らかに変化させることができる。したがって、電動車両の走行制御への影響を小さくすることができる。なお、ステップS422の処理において変更対象となる状態パラメータは、SOC(BB)、TBBおよびVBBの各々、あるいはこれらの組み合わせに限定されるものではなく、電動車両の走行制御に必要とされる状態パラメータの中から適切に選択することができる。
時刻t4から時刻t5までの期間においてWout(S)、Win(S)が上昇するので電流IB(IB2)が上昇する。
図14を参照して、切換判定部100は、バッテリBB1,BB2の充電状態を示すSOC(BB1),SOC(BB2)を受けて、現在使用中の選択副蓄電装置BBのSOCが所定の判定値より低下したかどうかを判定する。切換判定部100は、各機能ブロック間で共有される変数IDが0のときに、所定周期で上記判定処理を実行し、選択副蓄電装置の切換が必要になると、IDを0から1に変化させる。これにより、選択副蓄電装置の切換要求が発生される。すなわち、切換判定部100の機能は、図5のステップS100の処理に対応する。
Claims (12)
- 車両駆動パワーを発生するモータ(MG2)を搭載した電動車両の電源システムであって、
主蓄電装置(BA)と、
前記モータ(MG2)を駆動制御するインバータ(22)に給電を行うように構成された給電ライン(PL2)と、
前記給電ライン(PL2)と前記主蓄電装置(BA)との間に設けられ、双方向の電圧変換を行うように構成された第1の電圧変換器(12A)と、
互いに並列に設けられた複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)と、
前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)と前記給電ライン(PL2)との間に設けられ、前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)のうちの1つと前記給電ライン(PL2)の間で双方向の電圧変換を行うように構成された第2の電圧変換器(12B)と、
前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)と前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)との間に設けられ、前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)のうちの選択された副蓄電装置を選択的に前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)と接続するように構成された接続部(39B)と、
前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)と前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)との間の選択的な接続を制御する切換制御装置(30)とを備え、
前記切換制御装置(30)は、
前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)の各々の充電状態に基づいて、前記選択された副蓄電装置の切換要否を判定するように構成された切換判定部(100)と、
前記切換判定部(100)によって前記選択された副蓄電装置の切換が必要と判定された場合において、前記選択された副蓄電装置による入出力電力上限値(Win(S),Wout(S))を0まで連続的に減少させるように構成された第1の電力制限部(120)と、
前記入出力電力上限値(Win(S),Wout(S))が0に達したときに、前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)および前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)の間の接続を切換えるように構成された切換制御部(140)と、
前記切換制御部(140)によって前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)および前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)の間の接続が切換えられた後に、前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)と新たに接続された副蓄電装置の充電状態に対応する値まで、前記入出力電力上限値(Win(S),Wout(S))を連続的に上昇させるように構成された第2の電力制限部(120)とを含む、電動車両の電源システム。 - 前記切換制御装置(30)は、
前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)および前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)の間の接続が切換えられる期間において、前記選択された副蓄電装置に関するパラメータの値を補正するための補正処理を実行するように構成されたデータ補正部(150)をさらに含み、
前記データ補正部(150)は、前記補正処理の実行時において、前記パラメータの値を、前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)から切離される副蓄電装置に関する第1の値から、前記新たに接続された副蓄電装置に関する第2の値に連続的に変化させる、請求の範囲第1項に記載の電動車両の電源システム。 - 前記電動車両は、
前記電動車両の走行時において、前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)の入力電圧の値を用いて前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)を制御するように構成された走行制御部(250)を備え、
前記パラメータは、前記選択された副蓄電装置の電圧を含み、
前記電源システムは、
前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)の前記入力電圧を平滑化するためのコンデンサ(C2)と、
前記入力電圧を検出するための電圧検出部(21B)とをさらに備え、
前記切換制御装置(30)は、
前記選択された副蓄電装置の切換えに先立って前記コンデンサ(C2)を放電させるように構成された放電制御部(140)をさらに含み、
前記データ補正部(150)は、前記放電制御部(140)により前記コンデンサ(C2)が放電された後には、前記電圧検出部(21B)による検出値に代えて、前記補正処理により算出された前記選択された副蓄電装置の電圧値を、前記入力電圧の値として前記走行制御部(250)に与える、請求の範囲第2項に記載の電動車両の電源システム。 - 前記切換制御装置(30)は、
前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)および前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)の間の接続が切換えられる期間において、前記入出力電力上限値(Win(S),Wout(S))を0に保つように構成された上限値固定部(120)をさらに含む、請求の範囲第1項に記載の電動車両の電源システム。 - 前記切換制御装置(30)は、
前記第1の電力制限部(120)による前記入出力電力上限値(Win(S),Wout(S))の低減が開始されてから前記接続部(39B)による前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)および前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)の間の接続切換が完了するまでの期間において、前記主蓄電装置(BA)の充放電制限を一時的に緩和するように構成された第3の電力制限部(130)をさらに含む、請求の範囲第1項に記載の電動車両の電源システム。 - 前記電動車両は、
前記モータ(MG2)とは独立に車両駆動パワーを出力可能に構成された内燃機関(4)と、
前記電動車両の全体要求パワーが、前記主蓄電装置(BA)による出力電力上限値と、前記選択された副蓄電装置による出力電力上限値との和よりも大きいときに、前記内燃機関(4)を始動するように構成された走行制御部(250)とをさらに備える、請求の範囲第1項に記載の電動車両の電源システム。 - 車両駆動パワーを発生するモータ(MG2)を搭載した電動車両の電源システムの制御方法であって、
前記電源システムは、
主蓄電装置(BA)と、
前記モータ(MG2)を駆動制御するインバータ(22)に給電を行うように構成された給電ライン(PL2)と、
前記給電ライン(PL2)と前記主蓄電装置(BA)との間に設けられ、双方向の電圧変換を行うように構成された第1の電圧変換器(12A)と、
互いに並列に設けられた複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)と、
前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)と前記給電ライン(PL2)との間に設けられ、前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)のうちの1つと前記給電ライン(PL2)の間で双方向の電圧変換を行うように構成された第2の電圧変換器(12B)と、
前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)と前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)との間に設けられ、前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)のうちの選択された副蓄電装置を選択的に前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)と接続するように構成された接続部(39B)と、
前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)と前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)との間の選択的な接続を制御する切換制御装置(30)とを備え、
前記制御方法は、
前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)の各々の充電状態に基づいて、前記選択された副蓄電装置の切換要否を判定するステップ(S100)と、
前記判定するステップによって前記選択された副蓄電装置の切換が必要と判定された場合において、前記選択された副蓄電装置による入出力電力上限値(Win(S),Wout(S))を0まで連続的に減少させるステップ(S320~S340)と、
前記減少させるステップ(S320~S340)によって前記入出力電力上限値(Win(S),Wout(S))が0に達したときに、前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)および前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)の間の接続を切換えるステップ(S400)と、
前記切換えるステップ(S400)によって前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)および前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)の間の接続が切換えられた後に、前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)と新たに接続された副蓄電装置の充電状態に対応する値まで、前記入出力電力上限値(Win(S),Wout(S))を連続的に上昇させるステップ(S520~S540)とを備える、電動車両の電源システムの制御方法。 - 前記制御方法は、
前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)および前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)の間の接続が切換えられる期間において、前記選択された副蓄電装置に関するパラメータの値を補正するための補正処理を実行するステップ(S420)をさらに備え、
前記補正処理により、前記パラメータの値は、前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)から切離される副蓄電装置に関する第1の値から、前記新たに接続された副蓄電装置に関する第2の値に連続的に変化する、請求の範囲第7項に記載の電動車両の電源システムの制御方法。 - 前記電動車両は、
前記電動車両の走行時において、前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)の入力電圧の値を用いて前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)を制御するように構成された走行制御部(250)を備え、
前記パラメータは、前記選択された副蓄電装置の電圧を含み、
前記電源システムは、
前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)の前記入力電圧を平滑化するためのコンデンサ(C2)と、
前記入力電圧を検出するための電圧検出部(21B)とをさらに備え、
前記制御方法は、
前記選択された副蓄電装置の切換えに先立って前記コンデンサ(C2)を放電させるステップ(S412)をさらに備え、
前記補正処理を実行するステップ(S420)は、前記放電させるステップにより前記コンデンサ(C2)が放電された後には、前記電圧検出部(21B)による検出値に代えて、前記補正処理により算出された前記選択された副蓄電装置の電圧値を、前記入力電圧の値として前記走行制御部(250)に与える、請求の範囲第8項に記載の電動車両の電源システムの制御方法。 - 前記制御方法は、
前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)および前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)の間の接続が切換えられる期間において、前記入出力電力上限値(Win(S),Wout(S))を0に保つステップ(S424)をさらに備える、請求の範囲第7項に記載の電動車両の電源システムの制御方法。 - 前記制御方法は、
前記減少させるステップ(S320~S340)による前記入出力電力上限値(Win(S),Wout(S))の減少の開始から、前記接続部(39B)による前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)および前記第2の電圧変換器(12B)の間の接続切換の完了までの期間において、前記主蓄電装置(BA)の充放電制限を一時的に緩和するステップ(S310,S510)をさらに備える、請求の範囲第7項に記載の電動車両の電源システムの制御方法。 - 前記電動車両は、前記モータ(MG2)とは独立に車両駆動パワーを出力可能に構成された内燃機関(4)をさらに備え、
前記電動車両の全体要求パワー(Pttl)が、前記主蓄電装置(BA)による出力電力上限値(Wout(M))と、前記選択された副蓄電装置による出力電力上限値(Wout(S))との和よりも大きいときに、前記内燃機関(4)は始動される、請求の範囲第7項に記載の電動車両の電源システムの制御方法。
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EP2343211A4 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
EP2343211A1 (en) | 2011-07-13 |
US8543271B2 (en) | 2013-09-24 |
CN102202931B (zh) | 2013-09-25 |
JP5099230B2 (ja) | 2012-12-19 |
CN102202931A (zh) | 2011-09-28 |
US20110087395A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
JPWO2010050044A1 (ja) | 2012-03-29 |
EP2343211B1 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
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