WO2009124331A2 - Gleitlager - Google Patents
Gleitlager Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009124331A2 WO2009124331A2 PCT/AT2009/000137 AT2009000137W WO2009124331A2 WO 2009124331 A2 WO2009124331 A2 WO 2009124331A2 AT 2009000137 W AT2009000137 W AT 2009000137W WO 2009124331 A2 WO2009124331 A2 WO 2009124331A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- proportion
- silver
- layer
- functional layer
- plain bearing
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
- C22C5/08—Alloys based on silver with copper as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/121—Use of special materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/02—Noble metals
- F16C2204/04—Noble metals based on silver
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sliding bearing, comprising a support element on which at least one further functional layer of a silver-based alloy with silver as the main alloy constituent is arranged, wherein optionally between the functional layer and the support member or on the functional layer at least one further layer is arranged.
- EP 1 306 569 A2 describes a journal with a bush coated on the outside with a copper-based alloy containing between 15 and 90% by weight of silver.
- US 2002/0026855 A1 discloses a two-phase sintered sliding layer with a copper alloy phase which may contain up to 40% by weight of silver.
- US 5,911,513 A describes a sliding layer based on tin or aluminum with proportions between 0.1 and 25 wt .-% of silver.
- JP 2007-032758 A describes a sliding layer of an alloy with 1 to 20 wt .-% silver.
- WO 2005/015036 A1 and WO 2005/015037 A1 each disclose a bismuth overlay with 0 to 20% by weight of silver.
- JP 2004-307960 A describes a sliding layer of a silver-based alloy with 0.05 to 30 wt .-% sulfide-forming metal particles that do not form mixed crystals with silver, and 0.05 and 30 wt .-% hard particles.
- JP 2003-322152 A discloses a silver-based sliding layer with DLC as solid lubricant.
- No. 6,354,919 B1 describes a lead-free sliding layer composed of a tin-based alloy with 2 to 10% by weight of silver.
- a copper-based sliding layer can have a silver content of up to 20% by weight maximum.
- a bismut-based sliding layer can have between 0.5 and 10% by weight of silver.
- a sliding layer with 1 to 15 wt .-% silver describes the JP 4-202640 A.
- WO 89/01094 A1 discloses a running layer of an alloy with silver as the main alloy constituent, which contains between 15% by volume and 40% by volume of a soft metal as intercalation.
- JP 62-292890 A describes plain bearings for high vacuum applications with a silver-gold alloy layer as a sliding layer.
- the US 605,593 A describes a plain bearing half shell with a bearing alloy of a copper alloy with 5 to 20 wt .-% silver and 30 to 40% lead.
- a bearing alloy of a copper alloy with 5 to 20 wt .-% silver and 30 to 40% lead.
- silver-indium alloys are described for bearing elements, with an indium content between 10 and 70 wt .-% .
- the invention has for its object to provide a layer for highly loaded bearings available.
- the functional layer in addition to silver contains at least one element from a group comprising gallium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, germanium, indium, tin, antimony and aluminum, the total content of these Is between 0.01% and 70% by weight and the balance forms silver with the manufacturing impurities, provided that in binary silver based alloys the proportion of each of gallium, manganese, nickel, zinc, germanium, antimony a maximum of 49 wt .-%, the proportion of indium is at most 10 wt .-%, the proportion of tin or copper in the formation of the functional layer as a running layer is at most 10 wt .-% and 14 wt .-%.
- the functional layer is characterized by a relatively high hardness.
- layers with the composition according to the invention show a significantly improved corrosion resistance compared to pure silver or the known silver layers for sliding bearings, at least in part due to the lower tendency to silver sulfide formation with the sulfur-containing compounds of the lubricating oil.
- a significant cost advantage can also be achieved with the layers according to the invention, since the addition of less expensive metals reduces the silver content for the same layer thickness of the layer.
- the functional layer according to the invention Due to the hardness, the functional layer according to the invention has an improved wear resistance, for example due to formation of phosphorus-containing wear protection layers or reaction layers by reaction of manganese, zinc or aluminum with phosphorus-containing compounds of the lubricating oil, so - A - hold the sliding bearing of the invention a higher load for a long period of time.
- the sulfide formation with alloying elements, such as manganese, nickel, copper or zinc can also lead to the improvement of the lubricity.
- the hardness of the functional layer be made available with the alloyed metals, but also an improved ductility of this layer can be achieved, for example with gallium or indium.
- the plain bearing according to the invention thus has an overall improved fatigue strength or fatigue strength.
- At least one hard phase according to claim 10 and / or particles according to claim 11 can be contained in the silver-based alloy of the functional layer, which can be both metallic and non-metallic and / or at least one type of soft particle or soft phase according to claim 12.
- Fig. 1 is a side view of a two-layer slide bearing in the form of a
- FIGS. 2 to 5 each show a detail of embodiments of the layer structure of slide bearings
- FIG. 6 shows a detail of a connecting rod in the region of the connecting rod in FIG Side view.
- Each of these plain bearings 1 has a support element 2 on which a functional layer 3 according to the invention, if appropriate with the arrangement of intermediate layers, is applied.
- the plain bearing 1 is formed as shown in FIG. 1 as a so-called two-layer bearing in the form of a plain bearing half-shell.
- the functional layer 3 is connected directly to the support element 2 and forms a running layer 4.
- the layer structure of the sliding bearing 1 according to FIG. 2 comprises a so-called bearing metal layer 5 between the support element 2 and the functional layer 3 designed as a running layer 4 as an intermediate layer.
- the bearing metal layer 5 may, in principle, consist of the usual bearing metals known from the prior art for such slide bearings 1, for example of aluminum or copper-based alloys.
- the functional layer 3 is in turn connected directly to the support element 2, but this functional layer 3 is arranged on the rear side, ie a bearing back 6, of the sliding bearing 1, that is not as in the embodiments according to FIG. 1 and 2, facing a component to be stored.
- This functional layer 3 according to FIG. 3 forms, for example, a so-called antifretting layer 7 in order to better protect the slide bearing 1 from corrosion and / or friction welding, or an auxiliary installation layer.
- FIG. 4 shows a variant embodiment of the layer structure of the plain bearing 1, in which the functional layer 3 as the bonding layer 8 is located between the support element 2 and the bearing metal layer 5.
- a running layer 9 is arranged, which is different from the aforementioned running layer 4 (FIG. 1).
- the functional layer 3 as an intermediate layer may have the function of a so-called diffusion barrier layer 10.
- the functional layer 3 is arranged between the bearing metal layer 5 and the running layer 9, again in order, for example, to function as bonding layer 8 and / or diffusion barrier layer 10.
- the bearing metal layer 5 may be formed by alloys known from the prior art, likewise the running layers 9 may consist of conventional materials which are known from the prior art for this purpose. Examples of these include aluminum, copper, indium, bismuth, tin or lead and their alloys with a higher proportion of soft phases, hard sputtered layers as well as layers 9 of bonded coatings.
- FIG. 6 shows a variant embodiment of the invention in which the functional layer 3 is likewise connected directly to the support element 2, in which case the support element 2 does not form a separate slide bearing half shell, but rather a connecting rod 11 and is a connecting rod eye 12 directly with the support element Function layer 3 coated.
- bonding layers 8 are known to improve the adhesion of the composite layer and diffusion barrier layers 10 to prevent the diffusion of individual components of a layer into another layer.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 are only a few examples of possible embodiments within the scope of the invention.
- other embodiments with more than the illustrated layers are possible in which, for example, such a sliding bearing 1, both the support member 2, the Bearing metal layer 5, the running layer 4 and 9, as well as between the individual layers binding and / or diffusion barrier layers (8, 10) and optionally on the back of the bearing the tifretting für 7.
- the functional layer 3 can also be formed in multi-layer bearings as a running layer 4 and / or bearing metal layer 5 and / or binding or diffusion barrier layer (8, 10), as a layer on the back of the sliding bearing 1, etc.
- Embodiments of sliding bearings are also possible in which more than one layer is formed by the functional layer 3, for example the overlay 4 and the bearing metal layer 5 and optionally the bonding layer 8 and / or the diffusion barrier layer 10, although in these variants of the invention these layers normally have a different composition.
- plain bearings 1 under plain bearings 1 according to the invention, not only the illustrated embodiments are to be understood, but generally bearings that are subject to tribological stress and store another component rotatably.
- An example of this are the above-mentioned plain bearing half shells, as well as piston pins, bearing journals, connecting rod eyes, bearing bushes, thrust rings, etc., wherein these plain bearings 1 can both be separate components or can also be produced by direct coating, as in the case of FIG is apparent.
- the functional layer 3 is made of a silver-based alloy, with silver forming the main alloying constituent, ie having the highest proportion in relation to the composition of the alloy.
- the silver-based alloy contains at least one element from a group comprising gallium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, germanium, indium, tin, antimony and aluminum, the total content of these further alloying elements between 0.01 wt .-% and 70 wt .-% is.
- the amount of silver is at least 51% by weight.
- the proportion of indium is generally at most 10 wt .-% in binary silver-based alloys according to the invention, the proportion of tin or copper in the formation of the functional layer as a sliding layer 5 not more than 10 wt .-% or 14 wt. -% is.
- the proportion of gallium is at most 15% by weight and / or the proportion of manganese is at most 35% by weight and / or the proportion of nickel is at most 8% by weight and / or the proportion of zinc is at most 40% by weight % and / or the proportion of germanium maximum 15 wt .-% and / or the proportion of indium at most 35 wt .-% and / or the proportion of antimony at most 25 wt .-% and / or the proportion of aluminum maximum 15% by weight.
- the proportion of gallium is between 2% by weight and 8% by weight and / or the proportion of manganese is between 5% by weight and 15 wt .-% and / or the proportion of nickel between 1 wt .-% and 2 wt .-% and / or the proportion of copper between 1 wt .-% and 5 wt .-% and / or the proportion of zinc between 10 wt .-% and 30 wt .-% and / or the proportion of germanium between 1 wt .-% and 5 wt .-% and / or the Content of indium between 5 wt .-% and 20 wt .-% and / or the proportion of tin between 2 wt .-% and 10 wt .-% and / or the proportion of antimony between 3 wt .-% and 15 wt .-%
- the functional layer 3 from multi-component alloys, for example ternary or quaternary alloys or, if appropriate, is it possible to use more than four metals, for example five, six, seven, eight or more to alloy together.
- compositions were prepared for the functional layer 3 for test purposes, the numerical values in Table 1 being understood as% by weight. The remainder to 100 wt .-% each forms silver. It goes without saying that all the metals used can also have production-related impurities, depending on the degree of purity.
- the hardness was measured according to Vickers with a test force of 10 kilopond (kP) or with thin layers in the form of the microhardness according to Vickers with a test load of 10 pound.
- Examples 1 to 38 represent the embodiments of the functional layer 3 as a running layer 4, the examples 39 to 44 embodiments of the functional layer 3 as a bearing metal layer 5, the examples 45 to 46 embodiments of the functional layer 3 as the bonding layer 8, the examples 47 to 51 embodiments of Functional layer 3 as a diffusion barrier layer 10 and the examples 52 to 58 embodiments of the functional layer 3 Antifretting Anlagen. 7
- the hardness can decrease by up to 20% due to soft annealing.
- galvanic, for example cyanide, deposition or PVD deposition (gas phase separation) of the layers the hardness can increase by up to 50%.
- the corrosion resistance was determined after a ⁇ lkochtest at a temperature of 160 0 C and a cooking time of 50 h.
- the corrosion layer was determined as Ag 2 S. Pure silver had a thickness of the corrosion layer of about 5 ⁇ m. With the alloys according to the invention, this layer thickness could be reduced to 1 ⁇ m to 2.5 ⁇ m.
- Examples of functional layers 3 according to the invention are AgZnI 5, AgMnIO, AgA16, or the like.
- nonmetallic particles such as, for example, metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal oxides, etc., may also be present in a proportion of 0.1% by volume and 30% by volume, in particular in a proportion of 2% by volume to 10% by volume. , which are added to the respective silver-based alloy. Examples of this can be seen from Table 2, wherein the numerical values given in% by volume are to be understood, in each case based on the total silver-based alloy.
- the alloy number in column 1 refers to the respective composition from Table 1.
- Examples 1 to 38 from Table 2 relate to the embodiment of the functional layer 3 as a running layer 4.
- Element group with silver do not form mixed crystals or are added in a proportion where no solid solution formation occurs.
- the particles used may have an average particle size of between 10 nm and 100 ⁇ m, in particular between 50 nm and 10 ⁇ m, embodiments with two different particle size fractions being possible, e.g. a first particle fraction has particles with an average particle size of 10 .mu.m to 30 .mu.m and a second particle fraction has particles with an average particle size between 60 .mu.m and 90 .mu.m.
- fibers may be incorporated in the silver matrix, in particular inorganic, such as glass, carbon, for example carbon nanotubes, whiskers, metal fibers, for example of Cu or steel, and mixtures thereof, to improve the hardness or the sliding behavior of the layers.
- inorganic such as glass, carbon, for example carbon nanotubes, whiskers, metal fibers, for example of Cu or steel, and mixtures thereof.
- the silver alloys it is also possible for the silver alloys to have amorphous carbon in a proportion selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.01% by weight and an upper limit of 5% by weight, in particular from a range with a lower limit of 0.1% by weight. % and an upper limit of 1 wt .-%, to be added.
- the silver alloys small amounts of grain refiners, e.g. Zirconium, scandium, titanium, boron.
- the alloys may have proportions between 0.01% by weight and 5% by weight of these elements, mixtures of these elements being possible again as well.
- Titanium and boron can also act as hard phase formers.
- soft particles or soft phases in a proportion between 0.1 vol .-% and 30 vol .-%, in particular in a proportion between 2 vol .-% and 20 vol .-%, or in a proportion between 2 vol .-% and 10 vol .-%, are selected from a soft phase group comprising lead, bismuth, tin, indium, polymer particles, such as PTFE, PA, PAI, etc., with the proviso that the alloyed elements from the group gallium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, germanium, indium, tin, antimony, and aluminum are not equal to the element (s) of the Soft phase group is. Examples of these are likewise contained in Table 2, the numerical values again being understood in% by volume and they refer to the composition according to Table 1. With respect to carbon
- the thickness of the functional layer 3 can amount to between 1 ⁇ m and 1 mm after which function the functional layer 3 according to the invention is to exert.
- the layer thickness for intermediate layers in the form of bonding layers 8 or diffusion barrier layers 10 or for antifretting layers 7 is between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m.
- the layer thickness is between 5 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, preferably between 10 ⁇ and 30 ⁇ m.
- layer thicknesses of up to 1 mm are used.
- the functional layer 3 as a running layer 4
- one or more soft enema layers for example indium, bismuth, tin or lead and their alloys.
- Such a running-in layer can have a layer thickness between 1 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m, in particular between 3 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
- the functional layer 3 according to the invention can with conventional, from the prior
- the individual metals can be processed by melt metallurgy by casting or roll cladding. It is also possible to deposit the functional layer 3 by sputtering or by galvanic methods. For the latter deposition methods, the metals are used in the form of salts, such as, for example, silver as KAg (CN 2 ) or methanesulfonate (MSA), as is known from the prior art, and are processed in in particular basic or sulfuric acid solution. Also, sintering methods are applicable for the production of the functional layer 3. In particular sputtering processes can be used to produce very fine-grained alloys.
- the composition of the functional layer 3 can not only be adapted to the arrangement of this functional layer 3 in the layer composite, but also to the further layers of the sliding bearing 1.
- this may have a higher hardness than the running layer 9 arranged thereon exhibit.
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- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0911337-1A BRPI0911337B1 (pt) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-04-07 | Rolamento de deslizamento |
DE112009000730.9T DE112009000730B4 (de) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-04-07 | Gleitlager |
CN200980115451.7A CN102027251B (zh) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-04-07 | 滑动轴承 |
US12/736,409 US9708692B2 (en) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-04-07 | Sliding bearing |
SE1051028A SE537243C2 (sv) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-04-07 | Glidlager |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA547/2008 | 2008-04-07 | ||
AT0054708A AT506641B1 (de) | 2008-04-07 | 2008-04-07 | Gleitlager |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009124331A2 true WO2009124331A2 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
WO2009124331A3 WO2009124331A3 (de) | 2010-02-04 |
Family
ID=41021068
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AT2009/000137 WO2009124331A2 (de) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-04-07 | Gleitlager |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9708692B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN102027251B (de) |
AT (1) | AT506641B1 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0911337B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE112009000730B4 (de) |
SE (1) | SE537243C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009124331A2 (de) |
Cited By (3)
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CN102518671A (zh) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-06-27 | 常熟市碧溪新城特种机械厂 | 航空轴承及其制备方法 |
CN102918182A (zh) * | 2010-04-15 | 2013-02-06 | 米巴·格来特来格有限公司 | 具有抗微动磨损层的多层滑动轴承 |
CN102933750A (zh) * | 2010-04-15 | 2013-02-13 | 米巴·格来特来格有限公司 | 抗微动磨损层 |
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AT511196B1 (de) | 2011-06-14 | 2012-10-15 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | Mehrschichtlagerschale |
CN102994796A (zh) * | 2011-09-13 | 2013-03-27 | 黄石市博汇科技有限公司 | 一种防垢防腐蚀的稀土银锌合金及其制备方法 |
JP2013148137A (ja) * | 2012-01-18 | 2013-08-01 | Daido Metal Co Ltd | 摺動部材 |
US9074681B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2015-07-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Hardened silver coated journal bearing surfaces and method |
GB2513867A (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-11-12 | Mahle Int Gmbh | Sliding engine component |
DE112018000075T5 (de) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-06-06 | Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Gleitkörper und gleitlager |
JP6731969B2 (ja) | 2018-04-11 | 2020-07-29 | 大豊工業株式会社 | 摺動部材 |
JP6636090B2 (ja) | 2018-06-13 | 2020-01-29 | 大豊工業株式会社 | 摺動部材 |
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2009
- 2009-04-07 WO PCT/AT2009/000137 patent/WO2009124331A2/de active Application Filing
- 2009-04-07 US US12/736,409 patent/US9708692B2/en active Active
- 2009-04-07 CN CN200980115451.7A patent/CN102027251B/zh active Active
- 2009-04-07 DE DE112009000730.9T patent/DE112009000730B4/de active Active
- 2009-04-07 SE SE1051028A patent/SE537243C2/sv unknown
- 2009-04-07 BR BRPI0911337-1A patent/BRPI0911337B1/pt active IP Right Grant
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CN102918182A (zh) * | 2010-04-15 | 2013-02-06 | 米巴·格来特来格有限公司 | 具有抗微动磨损层的多层滑动轴承 |
CN102933750A (zh) * | 2010-04-15 | 2013-02-13 | 米巴·格来特来格有限公司 | 抗微动磨损层 |
CN102518671A (zh) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-06-27 | 常熟市碧溪新城特种机械厂 | 航空轴承及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20110034354A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
BRPI0911337A2 (pt) | 2015-10-06 |
SE537243C2 (sv) | 2015-03-10 |
DE112009000730A5 (de) | 2011-02-17 |
DE112009000730B4 (de) | 2019-10-17 |
AT506641B1 (de) | 2011-01-15 |
SE1051028A1 (sv) | 2010-10-04 |
AT506641A1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
BRPI0911337B1 (pt) | 2021-05-18 |
US9708692B2 (en) | 2017-07-18 |
CN102027251B (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
CN102027251A (zh) | 2011-04-20 |
WO2009124331A3 (de) | 2010-02-04 |
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