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WO2009122847A1 - Method of purifying water containing metallic ingredient and apparatus for purification - Google Patents

Method of purifying water containing metallic ingredient and apparatus for purification Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009122847A1
WO2009122847A1 PCT/JP2009/054027 JP2009054027W WO2009122847A1 WO 2009122847 A1 WO2009122847 A1 WO 2009122847A1 JP 2009054027 W JP2009054027 W JP 2009054027W WO 2009122847 A1 WO2009122847 A1 WO 2009122847A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
metal component
reverse osmosis
osmosis membrane
turbidity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2009/054027
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
進 長谷川
Original Assignee
株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション filed Critical 株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション
Priority to CN200980104815.1A priority Critical patent/CN101945826B/en
Priority to BRPI0906347A priority patent/BRPI0906347A8/en
Publication of WO2009122847A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009122847A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/58—Multistep processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/4618—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/463—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/4618—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water
    • C02F2001/4619—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water only cathodic or alkaline water, e.g. for reducing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for purifying metal component-containing water to obtain purified water by reverse osmosis membrane separation of metal component-containing water such as sewage in which metal components are dissolved, factory effluent, ground water, river water, landfill leachate, seawater, and the like, and
  • the present invention relates to a purification processing apparatus.
  • this type of purification treatment method includes a turbidity step in which a metal component-containing water in which a metal component is dissolved is turbidized by a turbidity device such as an MF membrane filtration device, and a turbidity removal by the turbidity step.
  • a turbidity device such as an MF membrane filtration device
  • a turbidity removal by the turbidity step There is known a method of performing a reverse osmosis membrane separation step of separating turbid treated water into permeated water and concentrated water by reverse osmosis membrane separation. In such a method, the permeated water by reverse osmosis membrane separation is treated as purified water, and the concentrated water contains many metal components. Therefore, the concentrated water cannot be discarded as it is. It is processed by solidifying the landfill.
  • the conventional purification method described above requires a large burden on the treatment of the concentrated water, for example, it requires a lot of energy to evaporate the water in the treatment of the concentrated water generated by the reverse osmosis membrane separation. Has the problem of becoming.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a purification treatment method and a purification treatment apparatus for metal-containing water that can at least reduce the treatment burden of concentrated water generated by reverse osmosis membrane separation.
  • the present invention provides a metal component-containing water for carrying out a reverse osmosis membrane separation step of separating metal component-containing water in which a metal component is dissolved into purified water and concentrated water as permeate by reverse osmosis membrane separation.
  • the electrolytic treatment step of electrolyzing the concentrated water to obtain alkaline water from the cathode side, and filtering the metal component deposited by becoming alkaline from the alkaline water obtained in the electrolysis step
  • the present invention provides a method for purifying metal component-containing water, characterized by performing a precipitate separation step of separating.
  • alkaline water in which the metal component is concentrated on the cathode side can be obtained by electrolysis in the electrolysis step, and it becomes alkaline by the precipitate separation step.
  • the deposited metal component can be separated by filtration. Therefore, it is possible to remarkably reduce the processing load of evaporation and concentration for precipitation and solidification of the metal component.
  • the metal component separated by filtration can be removed by backwashing, for example. At this time, the generated backwash waste liquid can contain a metal component at a much higher concentration than the concentrated water separated by the reverse osmosis membrane. Therefore, even when backwashing is performed, the processing load of evaporation concentration can be remarkably reduced.
  • a turbidity step is performed in which the metal component-containing water before the reverse osmosis membrane separation step is turbidized by a turbidity removing device, and the reverse osmosis membrane separation step removes the water in the turbidity step. It is preferable that the turbid metal component-containing water is separated by reverse osmosis membrane, and in the precipitate separation step, the deposited metal component is separated by the turbidity removing device. In such a method, the burden on the reverse osmosis membrane can be reduced by removing the turbidity in advance in the turbidity removing step.
  • the electrolysis step acidic water is obtained from the anode side, and the reverse osmosis membrane is sterilized and washed with the acidic water, or the acidic water obtained in the electrolysis step is used as it is. It is preferable to carry out a neutralization step of neutralizing the acid water by adding it to the alkaline water from which the metal component has been separated by the precipitate separation step.
  • Alkaline water from which the deposited metal component has been separated through the precipitate separation step is usually neutralized and discarded, but in such a method, as an additive for neutralization, Since acidic water obtained from the anode side in the electrolysis step is used, it is not necessary to separately prepare or generate acidic water, and the treatment load of the concentrated water generated can be further reduced.
  • the turbidity removing device is preferably a device that removes turbidity by filtration using an MF membrane or a UF membrane.
  • the turbidity removal apparatus using the MF membrane or the UF membrane can separate the deposited metal component relatively easily, the treatment load of the concentrated water can be further reduced.
  • the pH of the alkaline water is preferably 9-14.
  • the metal component can be sufficiently precipitated, and the precipitated metal component can be sufficiently separated by the turbidity remover.
  • the burden can be reduced.
  • it is pH 14 or less, a possibility of damaging a turbidity apparatus (for example, MF film
  • the present invention is also a metal component-containing water purification treatment apparatus having a reverse osmosis membrane separation device for separating metal component-containing water in which a metal component is dissolved into purified water as permeated water and concentrated water by a reverse osmosis membrane. Furthermore, an electrolysis apparatus that electrolyzes the concentrated water to obtain alkaline water from the cathode side, and a precipitate separation apparatus that filters and separates metal components deposited by becoming alkaline from the alkaline water obtained by the electrolysis apparatus; It is intended to provide a purification apparatus for water containing metal components, characterized by comprising:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram in the metal component-containing water purification treatment apparatus of the present embodiment.
  • the metal component-containing water purification treatment apparatus of the present embodiment normally removes the raw water tank 10 that stores the raw water A that is the metal component-containing water in which the metal component is dissolved, and the raw water A that is supplied from the raw water tank 10.
  • separates the metal component which precipitated by becoming alkaline from the alkaline water D obtained by this electrolysis apparatus 40 are provided. ing.
  • the raw water tank 10 is configured as a tank for storing the raw water A.
  • the raw water A include sewage, biologically treated water of sewage, factory effluent, ground water, river water, landfill leachate, seawater, and the like.
  • natural water A calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum etc. can be mentioned.
  • the turbidity removal device 20 is communicated with the raw water tank 10 through a pipe having a pump interposed therein, so that the raw water A stored in the raw water tank 10 is supplied, and further supplied.
  • a filter member for filtering the raw water A is provided so that the raw water A can be turbidized.
  • the filtration member include a membrane member 21 such as a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane) and an ultrafiltration membrane (UF membrane), and a filtration member provided with a sand filtration layer used for sand filtration.
  • the membrane member 21 is preferably provided with a microfiltration membrane.
  • turbidity is filtration that is coarser than reverse osmosis membrane filtration, that is, performed before reverse osmosis membrane separation, and removes impurities that are coarser than those separated by reverse osmosis membrane. means.
  • the turbidity-treated water that has been turbidized by the turbidity removal apparatus 20 through a pipe is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane separation apparatus 30.
  • the turbidity-treated water tank 22 in which the turbidity-treated water turbidized by the turbidity removing device 20 is stored is provided, and the turbidity-treated water in the turbidity-treated water tank 22 is reverse osmosis through a pipe having a pump interposed therein. It is supplied to the membrane separator 30.
  • the turbidity removal device 20 can be washed back (so-called backwashing) by causing the turbidity treatment water or the like to flow backward to the turbidity removal device 20.
  • the reverse osmosis membrane separation device 30 includes a reverse osmosis membrane 31 (RO membrane 31), and the supplied turbidity-treated water is dissolved with purified water as permeated water B having almost no dissolved metal component by reverse osmosis membrane separation. The metal component is separated into concentrated water C that is concentrated.
  • RO membrane 31 reverse osmosis membrane 31
  • the permeated water B usually has an electric conductivity of 200 ⁇ S / cm or less, preferably 50 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • the concentrated water C has an electric conductivity of 3000 to 15000 ⁇ S / cm, preferably 5000 to 10,000 ⁇ S / cm.
  • the permeated water B is discharged out of the system by piping, and the concentrated water C is supplied to the electrolyzer 40.
  • a concentrated water storage tank 33 in which the concentrated water C is stored is provided, and the concentrated water C stored in the concentrated water storage tank 33 is supplied to the electrolyzer 40 through a pipe having a pump interposed therein. ing.
  • the electrolysis apparatus 40 includes an electrolysis tank 41 having a cathode and an anode for storing the supplied concentrated water C, and the electrolysis tank 41 is divided into a cathode side and an anode side by a diaphragm 42. .
  • the diaphragm 42 include a microporous membrane such as an MF membrane or an ion exchange membrane.
  • the electrolyzer 40 is configured to electrolyze the concentrated water C by applying a voltage to the cathode and the anode. In the electrolyzer 40, when electrolysis is performed, metal components concentrate on the cathode side and hydroxyl ions are generated, so that alkaline water D can be obtained from the cathode side, and vice versa from the anode side. Thus, acidic water E can be obtained.
  • the alkaline water D is usually adjusted to have a pH of 9 to 14, preferably 10 to 12.
  • the alkaline water D is further supplied to the precipitate separation apparatus 50 by piping.
  • the alkaline water storage tank 44 in which the alkaline water D is stored is provided, and the alkaline water D stored in the alkaline water storage tank 44 passes through a pipe in which a pump is interposed, thereby removing the turbidity as the precipitate separator 50. Returned to the device 20.
  • the alkaline water D stored in the alkaline water storage tank 44 does not reach the predetermined pH value, at least a part of the alkaline water D is circulated and returned to the cathode side of the electrolytic tank 41 to store the alkaline water storage.
  • the pH of the alkaline water D in the tank 44 is adjusted.
  • the turbidity removal device 20 as the precipitate separation device 50 is configured such that a metal component precipitated by becoming alkaline from the supplied alkaline water D is filtered and separated by the filtration member 21.
  • the alkaline water D from which the deposited metal component has been separated is supplied to a neutralization tank 60 for neutralizing the alkaline water D.
  • the turbidity removal device 20 can be backwashed by backflowing turbidity-treated water or the like, and the solid components such as metal components and suspended substances filtered and separated by backwashing are backwash waste liquid. In a state where F is contained in a high concentration, it is stored in the backwash waste liquid storage tank 23 and discharged out of the system.
  • emitted out of the system in high concentration will be water-treated by a conventionally well-known method.
  • examples of the metal component deposited from the alkaline water D include calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, and the like. These include, for example, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, iron hydroxide, It is deposited in the form of an inorganic salt such as aluminum hydroxide.
  • the acidic water E is further supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane separation device 30 and further supplied to the neutralization tank 60 by piping.
  • it includes an acidic water storage tank 46 in which the acidic water E is stored, and the acidic water E stored in the acidic water storage tank 46 is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane separation device 30 through a pipe interposed with a pump,
  • the acidic water E that has washed the reverse osmosis membrane 31 is configured to be supplied to the neutralization tank 60.
  • the purification treatment apparatus of the present embodiment can further circulate and return the acidic water E that has been supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane separation device 30 and washed the reverse osmosis membrane 31 to the acidic water storage tank 46 by piping. ing. Specifically, the acidic water E that has been circulated and returned is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane separation device 30 again to wash the reverse osmosis membrane 31 and then supplied to the neutralization tank 60.
  • the neutralization tank 60 In the neutralization tank 60, the alkaline water D and the acidic water E that have passed through the precipitate separator 50 are mixed and neutralized. Further, the neutralized water G neutralized in the neutralization tank 60 is supplied to the raw water tank 10 through a pipe provided with a pump, or is supplied outside the system via the backwash waste liquid storage tank 23. It is supposed to be discharged. The neutralized water G discharged out of the system is treated with water by a conventionally known method.
  • the acidic water E is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane separation device 30, the scale and bacteria attached to the reverse osmosis membrane 31 are removed.
  • the acidic water E is usually adjusted to have a pH of 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 4. With such a pH, sufficient scale removal and sterilization can be performed without damaging the reverse osmosis membrane 31.
  • the metal component-containing water purification treatment apparatus of this embodiment is as described above. Next, the metal component-containing water purification treatment method of this embodiment will be described.
  • the purification treatment method of the present embodiment includes a turbidity process in which the raw water A, which is a metal component-containing water in which a metal component is dissolved, is turbidized by the turbidizer 20, and the turbidity-treated water turbidized in the turbidity process
  • An electrolysis step for obtaining E a precipitate separation step for filtering and separating the metal component deposited by becoming alkaline from the alkaline water D obtained in the electrolysis step, and a turbidizer by backwashing the metal component separated by filtration
  • suspended components such as mud contained in the raw water A are removed by, for example, membrane filtration.
  • membrane filtration Such a process can reduce the possibility that the reverse osmosis membrane 31 used in the reverse osmosis membrane separation step is damaged by the suspended components.
  • the raw water A from which suspended components have been removed in the turbidity step is separated into permeated water B and concentrated water C enriched with metal components by reverse osmosis membrane separation.
  • the permeated water B usually has an electric conductivity of 200 ⁇ S / cm or less, preferably 50 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • the concentrated water C usually has an electric conductivity of 3000 to 15000 ⁇ S / cm, preferably 5000 to 10,000 ⁇ S / cm.
  • the concentrated water C generated by the reverse osmosis membrane process is separated into the alkaline water D on the cathode side and the acidic water E on the anode side by electrolysis.
  • the voltage applied during the electrolysis is usually 1 to 5 V, preferably 2 to 3 V. By setting it as such a voltage, the concentrated water C can fully be electrolyzed.
  • the electrolysis time is not particularly limited, and the electrolysis time is continued until the pH of the alkaline water D is 9 to 14 and the pH of the acidic water E is 1 to 5. By setting the alkaline water D to such a pH, the contained metal component can be sufficiently precipitated.
  • the scale can be sufficiently removed and sterilized, and damage to the reverse osmosis membrane 31 can be kept low. Can do.
  • the metal component deposited by becoming alkaline is separated from the alkaline water D obtained in the electrolysis step by filtration.
  • a turbidity remover that uses metal components such as calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, and the like deposited in the form of inorganic salts such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, iron hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide in the turbidity step. 20 to separate.
  • the alkaline water D and the acidic water E that have passed through the precipitate separation step are supplied to the neutralization tank 60, and both are mixed and neutralized.
  • the alkaline water D that has undergone the precipitate separation step and the acidic water E that is the cleaning waste liquid that is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane 31 and acid-washed the reverse osmosis membrane 31 are supplied to the neutralization tank 60. Neutralize.
  • the neutralized water G obtained in the neutralization step is mixed with the raw water A, and the same treatment is performed again together with the raw water A or via the backwash waste liquid storage tank 23. Or discharged outside the system.
  • the metal component-containing water purification treatment apparatus and purification treatment method in the present embodiment are as described above, but the metal component-containing water purification treatment apparatus and purification treatment method of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiment.
  • the design can be changed as appropriate.
  • cleaning waste liquid obtained by acid cleaning the reverse osmosis membrane 31 was used as the acidic water E, but in the present invention, it was obtained in the electrolysis step.
  • the turbidity removal apparatus 20 may be acid-washed with the acid water E, and this washing waste liquid may be used as the acid water E in the neutralization step, and the acid water E obtained in the electrolysis step is not used for washing but is used as it is.
  • the backwash waste liquid storage tank 23 for storing the backwash waste liquid F and the neutralized water G is provided.
  • the backwash waste liquid storage tank 23 may not be provided, and the backwash waste liquid F and the neutralized water G may be directly discharged out of the system.
  • the purification treatment method it may be discharged out of the system without going through the backwash waste liquid storage tank 23.
  • the turbidity-treated water tank 22 for storing the turbidity-treated water is provided for backwashing of the turbidity-eliminating apparatus 20 or the like.
  • the turbidity-treated water tank 22 is not provided.
  • the concentrated water C stored in the concentrated water storage tank 33, the acidic water E stored in the acidic water storage tank 46, the purified water B, etc. are backwashed. It may be configured to be supplied to the turbidity removal device 20 for use.
  • the turbidity removal device 20 may be backwashed using concentrated water C, acidic water E, or purified water B without using the turbidity-treated water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

A method of purifying water containing a metallic ingredient is provided which can reduce the burden to be imposed on a treatment of the concentrated water yielded by reverse osmosis membrane separation. The method of purifying water containing a metallic ingredient includes a reverse osmosis membrane separation step in which the metallic-ingredient-containing water, which contains a metallic ingredient dissolved therein, is separated into purified water, which is the filtrate, and concentrated water by reverse osmosis membrane separation. The method is characterized by further including: an electrolysis step in which the concentrated water is electrolyzed to obtain alkaline water on the cathode side; and a precipitate removal step in which the metallic ingredient which has precipitated due to the alkalinity from the alkaline water obtained in the electrolysis step is removed.

Description

金属成分含有水の浄化処理方法及び浄化処理装置Purification method and apparatus for purification of water containing metal components
　本発明は、金属成分の溶存した下水、工場排水、地下水、河川水、埋立侵出水、海水等の金属成分含有水を、逆浸透膜分離によって浄化水をうる金属成分含有水の浄化処理方法及び浄化処理装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for purifying metal component-containing water to obtain purified water by reverse osmosis membrane separation of metal component-containing water such as sewage in which metal components are dissolved, factory effluent, ground water, river water, landfill leachate, seawater, and the like, and The present invention relates to a purification processing apparatus.
　従来、この種の浄化処理方法としては、金属成分の溶存した金属成分含有水をＭＦ膜濾過装置等の除濁装置にて除濁する除濁工程と、該除濁工程により除濁された除濁処理水を逆浸透膜分離によって透過水と濃縮水とに分離する逆浸透膜分離工程とを実施する方法が知られている。
　斯かる方法に於いては、逆浸透膜分離による透過水が浄化水とされ、濃縮水は、多くの金属成分が含まれていることから、そのまま廃棄できず、別途蒸発濃縮の処理により金属成分を固化させて埋め立てるなどにより処理されている。
日本国特開２００３－１０３２５９号公報 Conventionally, this type of purification treatment method includes a turbidity step in which a metal component-containing water in which a metal component is dissolved is turbidized by a turbidity device such as an MF membrane filtration device, and a turbidity removal by the turbidity step. There is known a method of performing a reverse osmosis membrane separation step of separating turbid treated water into permeated water and concentrated water by reverse osmosis membrane separation.
In such a method, the permeated water by reverse osmosis membrane separation is treated as purified water, and the concentrated water contains many metal components. Therefore, the concentrated water cannot be discarded as it is. It is processed by solidifying the landfill.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-103259
　しかしながら、上記従来の浄化処理方法は、逆浸透膜分離により生成した濃縮水の処理に於いて、水分を蒸発させるために多くのエネルギーが必要となるなど、濃縮水の処理に多大な負担が必要となるという問題を有している。 However, the conventional purification method described above requires a large burden on the treatment of the concentrated water, for example, it requires a lot of energy to evaporate the water in the treatment of the concentrated water generated by the reverse osmosis membrane separation. Has the problem of becoming.
　上記従来の問題点に鑑み、本発明は、逆浸透膜分離により生成した濃縮水の処理負担を少なくとも低減しうる金属成分含有水の浄化処理方法及び浄化処理装置を提供することを課題とする。 In view of the above-described conventional problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a purification treatment method and a purification treatment apparatus for metal-containing water that can at least reduce the treatment burden of concentrated water generated by reverse osmosis membrane separation.
　上記課題を解決すべく、本発明は、金属成分の溶存した金属成分含有水を逆浸透膜分離によって透過水たる浄化水と濃縮水とに分離する逆浸透膜分離工程を実施する金属成分含有水の浄化処理方法であって、更に、前記濃縮水を電気分解して陰極側からアルカリ性水を得る電解工程と、該電解工程で得たアルカリ性水から、アルカリ性となることにより析出した金属成分を濾過分離する析出物分離工程とを実施することを特徴とする金属成分含有水の浄化処理方法を提供する。
　斯かる金属成分含有水の浄化処理方法に於いては、電解工程の電気分解により、陰極側に金属成分が濃縮されたアルカリ性水を得ることができるととともに、析出物分離工程により、アルカリ性となることにより析出した金属成分を濾過によって分離することができる。従って、金属成分を析出固化させるための蒸発濃縮の処理負担を著しく低減させることができる。尚、濾過により分離された金属成分は、例えば逆洗によって除去できる。この際、生成する逆洗廃液は、逆浸透膜により分離された濃縮水よりもより極めて高濃度に金属成分を含むものとすることができる。従って、逆洗を行う場合であっても、蒸発濃縮の処理負担を著しく軽減することができる。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a metal component-containing water for carrying out a reverse osmosis membrane separation step of separating metal component-containing water in which a metal component is dissolved into purified water and concentrated water as permeate by reverse osmosis membrane separation. The electrolytic treatment step of electrolyzing the concentrated water to obtain alkaline water from the cathode side, and filtering the metal component deposited by becoming alkaline from the alkaline water obtained in the electrolysis step The present invention provides a method for purifying metal component-containing water, characterized by performing a precipitate separation step of separating.
In such a method for purifying metal component-containing water, alkaline water in which the metal component is concentrated on the cathode side can be obtained by electrolysis in the electrolysis step, and it becomes alkaline by the precipitate separation step. Thus, the deposited metal component can be separated by filtration. Therefore, it is possible to remarkably reduce the processing load of evaporation and concentration for precipitation and solidification of the metal component. The metal component separated by filtration can be removed by backwashing, for example. At this time, the generated backwash waste liquid can contain a metal component at a much higher concentration than the concentrated water separated by the reverse osmosis membrane. Therefore, even when backwashing is performed, the processing load of evaporation concentration can be remarkably reduced.
　本発明に於いて、前記逆浸透膜分離工程前の前記金属成分含有水を除濁装置にて除濁する除濁工程を実施し、前記逆浸透膜分離工程では、前記除濁工程にて除濁された金属成分含有水を逆浸透膜分離し、前記析出物分離工程では、前記除濁装置にて、析出した金属成分を分離するのが好ましい。
　斯かる方法においては、除濁工程にて予め除濁することにより、逆浸透膜の負担を軽減できる。また、析出物分離工程では、除濁工程で使用する除濁装置を用いることから、別途、除濁装置を設ける必要が無くなり、装置のコスト面で、より一層濃縮水の処理負担を低減することができる。 In the present invention, a turbidity step is performed in which the metal component-containing water before the reverse osmosis membrane separation step is turbidized by a turbidity removing device, and the reverse osmosis membrane separation step removes the water in the turbidity step. It is preferable that the turbid metal component-containing water is separated by reverse osmosis membrane, and in the precipitate separation step, the deposited metal component is separated by the turbidity removing device.
In such a method, the burden on the reverse osmosis membrane can be reduced by removing the turbidity in advance in the turbidity removing step. In addition, in the precipitate separation process, since the turbidity device used in the turbidity process is used, it is not necessary to provide a separate turbidity device, and the processing load of concentrated water can be further reduced in terms of the cost of the device. Can do.
　更に、本発明に於いて、前記電解工程では陽極側から酸性水を得、該酸性水で前記逆浸透膜を除菌、洗浄した後の酸性水を、或いは前記電解工程で得られたそのままの酸性水を、前記析出物分離工程により金属成分が分離されたアルカリ性水に加えて中和する中和工程を実施するのが好ましい。
　前記析出物分離工程を経て、析出した金属成分が分離されたアルカリ性水は、通常、中和されて廃棄されることとなるが、斯かる方法においては、中和用に添加するものとして、前記電解工程にて陽極側から得られた酸性水を用いることから、別途、酸性水を準備したり、生成させたりする必要が無くなり、より一層生成した濃縮水の処理負担を低減することができる。 Furthermore, in the present invention, in the electrolysis step, acidic water is obtained from the anode side, and the reverse osmosis membrane is sterilized and washed with the acidic water, or the acidic water obtained in the electrolysis step is used as it is. It is preferable to carry out a neutralization step of neutralizing the acid water by adding it to the alkaline water from which the metal component has been separated by the precipitate separation step.
Alkaline water from which the deposited metal component has been separated through the precipitate separation step is usually neutralized and discarded, but in such a method, as an additive for neutralization, Since acidic water obtained from the anode side in the electrolysis step is used, it is not necessary to separately prepare or generate acidic water, and the treatment load of the concentrated water generated can be further reduced.
　また、前記除濁装置としては、ＭＦ膜又はＵＦ膜を用いた濾過によって除濁する装置であるのが好ましい。
　斯かる方法においては、ＭＦ膜又はＵＦ膜を用いた除濁装置が比較的簡便に析出した金属成分を分離できることから、より一層濃縮水の処理負担を低減することができる。 In addition, the turbidity removing device is preferably a device that removes turbidity by filtration using an MF membrane or a UF membrane.
In such a method, since the turbidity removal apparatus using the MF membrane or the UF membrane can separate the deposited metal component relatively easily, the treatment load of the concentrated water can be further reduced.
　更に、本発明に於いては、前記アルカリ性水のｐＨを９～１４とするのが好ましい。
　斯かる方法においては、アルカリ性水のｐＨを９以上とすることにより、十分に金属成分を析出させることができ、析出した金属成分を除濁装置で十分に分離できることから、より一層濃縮水の処理負担を低減することができる。また、ｐＨ１４以下であれば、除濁装置（例えば、ＭＦ膜等）にダメージを与える虞も低減される。 Furthermore, in the present invention, the pH of the alkaline water is preferably 9-14.
In such a method, by setting the pH of the alkaline water to 9 or more, the metal component can be sufficiently precipitated, and the precipitated metal component can be sufficiently separated by the turbidity remover. The burden can be reduced. Moreover, if it is pH 14 or less, a possibility of damaging a turbidity apparatus (for example, MF film | membrane etc.) is also reduced.
　また、本発明は、金属成分の溶存した金属成分含有水を逆浸透膜によって透過水たる浄化水と濃縮水とに分離する逆浸透膜分離装置を有する金属成分含有水の浄化処理装置であって、更に、前記濃縮水を電気分解して陰極側からアルカリ性水を得る電解装置と、該電解装置で得たアルカリ性水から、アルカリ性となることにより析出した金属成分を濾過分離する析出物分離装置とを有することを特徴とする金属成分含有水の浄化処理装置を提供するものである。 The present invention is also a metal component-containing water purification treatment apparatus having a reverse osmosis membrane separation device for separating metal component-containing water in which a metal component is dissolved into purified water as permeated water and concentrated water by a reverse osmosis membrane. Furthermore, an electrolysis apparatus that electrolyzes the concentrated water to obtain alkaline water from the cathode side, and a precipitate separation apparatus that filters and separates metal components deposited by becoming alkaline from the alkaline water obtained by the electrolysis apparatus; It is intended to provide a purification apparatus for water containing metal components, characterized by comprising:
　以上の通りであり、本発明によれば、逆浸透膜分離により生成した濃縮水の処理負担を少なくとも低減しうる。 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to at least reduce the processing load of concentrated water generated by reverse osmosis membrane separation.
一実施形態の金属含有水の浄化処理装置及び方法を示す概略フロー図。The schematic flowchart which shows the purification processing apparatus and method of the metal containing water of one Embodiment.
符号の説明Explanation of symbols
２０・・・除濁装置
３０・・・逆浸透膜分離装置
４０・・・電解装置
５０・・・析出物分離装置 20 ... Turbidity removal device 30 ... Reverse osmosis membrane separation device 40 ... Electrolysis device 50 ... Precipitate separation device
　以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照しつつ説明する。
　先ず、金属成分含有水の浄化処理装置について説明する。
　図１は、本実施形態の金属成分含有水の浄化処理装置に於ける概略フロー図である。
　本実施形態の金属成分含有水の浄化処理装置は、通常、金属成分の溶存した金属成分含有水たる原水Ａを貯留する原水槽１０と、該原水槽１０から供給された原水Ａを除濁する除濁装置２０と、該除濁装置２０により除濁された除濁処理水を逆浸透膜によって透過水Ｂたる浄化水と濃縮水Ｃとに分離する逆浸透膜分離装置３０と、前記濃縮水Ｃを電気分解して陰極側からアルカリ性水Ｄを得る電解装置４０と、該電解装置４０で得たアルカリ性水Ｄからアルカリ性となることにより析出した金属成分を分離する析出物分離装置５０とを備えている。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
First, the purification processing apparatus of metal component containing water is demonstrated.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram in the metal component-containing water purification treatment apparatus of the present embodiment.
The metal component-containing water purification treatment apparatus of the present embodiment normally removes the raw water tank 10 that stores the raw water A that is the metal component-containing water in which the metal component is dissolved, and the raw water A that is supplied from the raw water tank 10. The turbidity removal device 20, the reverse osmosis membrane separation device 30 for separating the turbidity-treated water turbidized by the turbidity removal device 20 into the purified water as the permeate B and the concentrated water C by the reverse osmosis membrane, and the concentrated water The electrolysis apparatus 40 which electrolyzes C and obtains the alkaline water D from the cathode side, and the deposit separation apparatus 50 which isolate | separates the metal component which precipitated by becoming alkaline from the alkaline water D obtained by this electrolysis apparatus 40 are provided. ing.
　前記原水槽１０は、原水Ａを貯留するための槽として構成されている。
　原水Ａとしては、例えば、下水、下水の生物処理水、工場排水、地下水、河川水、埋立侵出水、海水等を挙げることができる。
　また、これらの原水Ａに含まれる金属成分としては、カルシウム、マグネシウム、鉄、アルミニウム等を挙げることができる。 The raw water tank 10 is configured as a tank for storing the raw water A.
Examples of the raw water A include sewage, biologically treated water of sewage, factory effluent, ground water, river water, landfill leachate, seawater, and the like.
Moreover, as a metal component contained in these raw | natural water A, calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum etc. can be mentioned.
　前記除濁装置２０は、ポンプが介装された配管によって前記原水槽１０と連通されてなり、原水槽１０内に貯留された原水Ａが供給されるようになっており、更に、供給された原水Ａを除濁しうるように、原水Ａを濾過する濾過部材を備えている。
　この濾過部材としては、精密濾過膜（ＭＦ膜）、限外濾過膜（ＵＦ膜）等の膜部材２１や、砂濾過に使用する砂濾過層を備えた濾過部材を挙げることができる。
　好ましくは、膜部材２１、より好ましくは、精密濾過膜を備えて構成されている。
　尚、本明細書に於いて、除濁とは逆浸透膜濾過よりも粗い濾過、即ち、逆浸透膜分離の前に実施され、逆浸透膜で分離するものよりも粗い不純物を除去することを意味する。 The turbidity removal device 20 is communicated with the raw water tank 10 through a pipe having a pump interposed therein, so that the raw water A stored in the raw water tank 10 is supplied, and further supplied. A filter member for filtering the raw water A is provided so that the raw water A can be turbidized.
Examples of the filtration member include a membrane member 21 such as a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane) and an ultrafiltration membrane (UF membrane), and a filtration member provided with a sand filtration layer used for sand filtration.
The membrane member 21 is preferably provided with a microfiltration membrane.
In this specification, turbidity is filtration that is coarser than reverse osmosis membrane filtration, that is, performed before reverse osmosis membrane separation, and removes impurities that are coarser than those separated by reverse osmosis membrane. means.
　本実施形態の浄化処理装置は、配管により除濁装置２０で除濁された除濁処理水が逆浸透膜分離装置３０に供給されるようになっている。詳しくは、除濁装置２０で除濁された除濁処理水が貯留される除濁処理水槽２２を備え、該除濁処理水槽２２の除濁処理水がポンプの介装された配管を通して逆浸透膜分離装置３０に供給されるようになっている。
　また、必要に応じ、除濁処理水等を除濁装置２０に逆流させて除濁装置２０を洗浄（所謂逆洗）できるようになっている。 In the purification treatment apparatus of the present embodiment, the turbidity-treated water that has been turbidized by the turbidity removal apparatus 20 through a pipe is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane separation apparatus 30. Specifically, the turbidity-treated water tank 22 in which the turbidity-treated water turbidized by the turbidity removing device 20 is stored is provided, and the turbidity-treated water in the turbidity-treated water tank 22 is reverse osmosis through a pipe having a pump interposed therein. It is supplied to the membrane separator 30.
Further, if necessary, the turbidity removal device 20 can be washed back (so-called backwashing) by causing the turbidity treatment water or the like to flow backward to the turbidity removal device 20.
　前記逆浸透膜分離装置３０は、逆浸透膜３１（ＲＯ膜３１）を備え、供給された除濁処理水を逆浸透膜分離によって、溶存する金属成分の殆どない透過水Ｂたる浄化水と溶存する金属成分が濃縮された濃縮水Ｃとに分離するように構成されている。 The reverse osmosis membrane separation device 30 includes a reverse osmosis membrane 31 (RO membrane 31), and the supplied turbidity-treated water is dissolved with purified water as permeated water B having almost no dissolved metal component by reverse osmosis membrane separation. The metal component is separated into concentrated water C that is concentrated.
　前記透過水Ｂは、通常、電気伝導度が２００μＳ／ｃｍ以下、好ましくは、５０μＳ／ｃｍ以下に設定されている。また、前記濃縮水Ｃは、電気伝導度が３０００～１５０００μＳ／ｃｍ、好ましくは、５０００～１００００μＳ／ｃｍに設定されている。 The permeated water B usually has an electric conductivity of 200 μS / cm or less, preferably 50 μS / cm or less. The concentrated water C has an electric conductivity of 3000 to 15000 μS / cm, preferably 5000 to 10,000 μS / cm.
　本実施形態の浄化処理装置は、配管により、前記透過水Ｂが系外に排出されるようになっており、前記濃縮水Ｃが電解装置４０に供給されるようになっている。
　詳しくは、濃縮水Ｃが貯留される濃縮水貯留槽３３を備え、該濃縮水貯留槽３３に貯留された濃縮水Ｃがポンプの介装された配管を通して電解装置４０に供給されるようになっている。 In the purification treatment apparatus of the present embodiment, the permeated water B is discharged out of the system by piping, and the concentrated water C is supplied to the electrolyzer 40.
Specifically, a concentrated water storage tank 33 in which the concentrated water C is stored is provided, and the concentrated water C stored in the concentrated water storage tank 33 is supplied to the electrolyzer 40 through a pipe having a pump interposed therein. ing.
　前記電解装置４０は、供給された濃縮水Ｃを貯留する陰極と陽極とを有する電解槽４１を備え、該電解槽４１は、隔膜４２で陰極側と陽極側とに区画されて構成されている。前記隔膜４２としては、例えば、ＭＦ膜などの微細孔膜あるいはイオン交換膜が挙げられる。
　前記電解装置４０は、前記陰極と陽極とに電圧をかけることによって、濃縮水Ｃを電気分解しうるように構成されている。
　前記電解装置４０では、電気分解を行うと、陰極側に金属成分が集中するとともに水酸基イオンが生成することとなり、陰極側からアルカリ性水Ｄを得ることができ、また、陽極側からは、その反対で酸性水Ｅを得ることができるようになっている。 The electrolysis apparatus 40 includes an electrolysis tank 41 having a cathode and an anode for storing the supplied concentrated water C, and the electrolysis tank 41 is divided into a cathode side and an anode side by a diaphragm 42. . Examples of the diaphragm 42 include a microporous membrane such as an MF membrane or an ion exchange membrane.
The electrolyzer 40 is configured to electrolyze the concentrated water C by applying a voltage to the cathode and the anode.
In the electrolyzer 40, when electrolysis is performed, metal components concentrate on the cathode side and hydroxyl ions are generated, so that alkaline water D can be obtained from the cathode side, and vice versa from the anode side. Thus, acidic water E can be obtained.
　前記アルカリ性水Ｄは、通常、ｐＨが９～１４、好ましくは、ｐＨが１０～１２となるように調整されている。 The alkaline water D is usually adjusted to have a pH of 9 to 14, preferably 10 to 12.
　本実施形態の浄化処理装置は、更に、配管により、前記アルカリ性水Ｄが析出物分離装置５０に供給されるようになっている。
　詳しくは、アルカリ性水Ｄが貯留されるアルカリ性水貯留槽４４を備え、該アルカリ性水貯留槽４４に貯留されたアルカリ性水Ｄがポンプの介装された配管を通して析出物分離装置５０としての前記除濁装置２０に返送されるようになっている。
　また、アルカリ性水貯留槽４４に貯留されたアルカリ性水Ｄが所定のｐＨ値に達していない場合は、該アルカリ性水Ｄの少なくとも一部が電解槽４１の陰極側に循環返送されて、アルカリ性水貯留槽４４の槽内におけるアルカリ性水ＤのｐＨが調整されるように構成されている。 In the purification treatment apparatus of the present embodiment, the alkaline water D is further supplied to the precipitate separation apparatus 50 by piping.
In detail, the alkaline water storage tank 44 in which the alkaline water D is stored is provided, and the alkaline water D stored in the alkaline water storage tank 44 passes through a pipe in which a pump is interposed, thereby removing the turbidity as the precipitate separator 50. Returned to the device 20.
When the alkaline water D stored in the alkaline water storage tank 44 does not reach the predetermined pH value, at least a part of the alkaline water D is circulated and returned to the cathode side of the electrolytic tank 41 to store the alkaline water storage. The pH of the alkaline water D in the tank 44 is adjusted.
　前記析出物分離装置５０としての除濁装置２０は、供給されたアルカリ性水Ｄから、アルカリ性となることにより析出した金属成分が前記濾過部材２１によって濾過分離されるように構成されている。
　本実施形態の浄化処理装置に於いては、析出した金属成分が分離されたアルカリ性水Ｄは、該アルカリ性水Ｄを中和するための中和槽６０に供給されるようになっている。
　また、前記除濁装置２０は、除濁処理水等を逆流させることにより逆洗可能となっており、逆洗により、濾過分離された金属成分や懸濁物質等の固形物は、逆洗廃液Ｆに高濃度に含まれた状態で、逆洗廃液貯留槽２３に貯留され、系外に排出されるようになっている。
　尚、系外に排出された金属成分を高濃度に含む逆洗廃液Ｆは、従来周知の方法で水処理されることとなる。 The turbidity removal device 20 as the precipitate separation device 50 is configured such that a metal component precipitated by becoming alkaline from the supplied alkaline water D is filtered and separated by the filtration member 21.
In the purification apparatus of this embodiment, the alkaline water D from which the deposited metal component has been separated is supplied to a neutralization tank 60 for neutralizing the alkaline water D.
Further, the turbidity removal device 20 can be backwashed by backflowing turbidity-treated water or the like, and the solid components such as metal components and suspended substances filtered and separated by backwashing are backwash waste liquid. In a state where F is contained in a high concentration, it is stored in the backwash waste liquid storage tank 23 and discharged out of the system.
In addition, the backwash waste liquid F containing the metal component discharged | emitted out of the system in high concentration will be water-treated by a conventionally well-known method.
　本実施形態に於いて、アルカリ性水Ｄから析出される金属成分としては、例えば、カルシウム、マグネシウム、鉄、アルミニウム等を挙げることができ、これらは、例えば、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、水酸化鉄、水酸化アルミニウム等の無機塩の状態で析出される。 In the present embodiment, examples of the metal component deposited from the alkaline water D include calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, and the like. These include, for example, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, iron hydroxide, It is deposited in the form of an inorganic salt such as aluminum hydroxide.
　本実施形態の浄化処理装置は、更に、配管により、前記酸性水Ｅが逆浸透膜分離装置３０に供給され、更に、中和槽６０に供給されるようになっている。
　詳しくは、酸性水Ｅが貯留される酸性水貯留槽４６を備え、該酸性水貯留槽４６に貯留された酸性水Ｅがポンプの介装された配管を通して逆浸透膜分離装置３０に供給され、逆浸透膜３１を洗浄した酸性水Ｅが中和槽６０に供給されるように構成されている。
　尚、酸性水貯留槽４６に貯留された酸性水Ｅが所定のｐＨ値に達していない場合は、該酸性水Ｅの少なくとも一部が電解槽４１の陽極側に循環返送されて、酸性水貯留槽４６の槽内における酸性水ＥのｐＨが調整されるように構成されている。
　本実施形態の浄化処理装置は、更に、配管により、逆浸透膜分離装置３０に供給されて逆浸透膜３１を洗浄した酸性水Ｅが前記酸性水貯留槽４６に循環返送されうるようにもなっている。詳しくは、循環返送された酸性水Ｅが、再度、逆浸透膜分離装置３０に供給されて逆浸透膜３１を洗浄した後に、中和槽６０に供給されるようにすることも可能な構成となっている。
　中和槽６０では、前記析出物分離装置５０を経たアルカリ性水Ｄと該酸性水Ｅとが混合されて互いに中和されるようになっている。
　更に、中和槽６０にて中和された中和水Ｇは、ポンプの介装された配管を通して、前記原水槽１０に供給されたり、また、逆洗廃液貯留槽２３を経由して系外に排出されたりするようになっている。
　尚、系外に排出された中和水Ｇは、従来周知の方法により水処理されることとなる。 In the purification treatment apparatus of the present embodiment, the acidic water E is further supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane separation device 30 and further supplied to the neutralization tank 60 by piping.
Specifically, it includes an acidic water storage tank 46 in which the acidic water E is stored, and the acidic water E stored in the acidic water storage tank 46 is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane separation device 30 through a pipe interposed with a pump, The acidic water E that has washed the reverse osmosis membrane 31 is configured to be supplied to the neutralization tank 60.
When the acidic water E stored in the acidic water storage tank 46 does not reach a predetermined pH value, at least a part of the acidic water E is circulated back to the anode side of the electrolytic tank 41 to store the acidic water. The pH of the acidic water E in the tank 46 is adjusted.
The purification treatment apparatus of the present embodiment can further circulate and return the acidic water E that has been supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane separation device 30 and washed the reverse osmosis membrane 31 to the acidic water storage tank 46 by piping. ing. Specifically, the acidic water E that has been circulated and returned is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane separation device 30 again to wash the reverse osmosis membrane 31 and then supplied to the neutralization tank 60. It has become.
In the neutralization tank 60, the alkaline water D and the acidic water E that have passed through the precipitate separator 50 are mixed and neutralized.
Further, the neutralized water G neutralized in the neutralization tank 60 is supplied to the raw water tank 10 through a pipe provided with a pump, or is supplied outside the system via the backwash waste liquid storage tank 23. It is supposed to be discharged.
The neutralized water G discharged out of the system is treated with water by a conventionally known method.
　本実施形態に於いては、酸性水Ｅが逆浸透膜分離装置３０に供給されることから、逆浸透膜３１に付着したスケールや細菌の除去が実施されることとなる。
　ここで、前記酸性水Ｅは、通常、ｐＨが１～５、好ましくは、ｐＨが２～４となるように調整されている。
　斯かるｐＨであれば、逆浸透膜３１に大きなダメージを与えること無く、十分なスケール除去と除菌を行うことができる。 In the present embodiment, since the acidic water E is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane separation device 30, the scale and bacteria attached to the reverse osmosis membrane 31 are removed.
Here, the acidic water E is usually adjusted to have a pH of 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 4.
With such a pH, sufficient scale removal and sterilization can be performed without damaging the reverse osmosis membrane 31.
　本実施形態の金属成分含有水の浄化処理装置は、上記の如くであるが、次に、本実施形態の金属成分含有水の浄化処理方法について、説明する。
　本実施形態の浄化処理方法は、金属成分の溶存した金属成分含有水たる原水Ａを除濁装置２０にて除濁する除濁工程と、該除濁工程にて除濁された除濁処理水を逆浸透膜分離によって透過水Ｂたる浄化水と濃縮水Ｃとに分離する逆浸透膜分離工程と、前記濃縮水Ｃを電気分解して陰極側からアルカリ性水Ｄを得ると共に陽極側から酸性水Ｅを得る電解工程と、該電解工程で得たアルカリ性水Ｄから、アルカリ性となることにより析出した金属成分を濾過分離する析出物分離工程と、濾過分離された金属成分を逆洗により除濁装置２０から除去し、除去された金属成分等を含む逆洗廃液を排出する逆洗工程と、前記析出物分離工程を経たアルルカリ性水と前記酸性水Ｅとを混合して中和させる中和工程とを実施する。
　本実施形態に於いては、析出物分離工程により、析出した金属成分を分離すると共に、金属成分を高濃度に含む逆洗廃液を対象として廃水処理を行うことから、廃水処理の対象となる水量を低減させることができ、処理負担を著しく軽減することができる。 The metal component-containing water purification treatment apparatus of this embodiment is as described above. Next, the metal component-containing water purification treatment method of this embodiment will be described.
The purification treatment method of the present embodiment includes a turbidity process in which the raw water A, which is a metal component-containing water in which a metal component is dissolved, is turbidized by the turbidizer 20, and the turbidity-treated water turbidized in the turbidity process A reverse osmosis membrane separation step of separating the concentrated water C into purified water and concentrated water C as permeated water B by reverse osmosis membrane separation to obtain alkaline water D from the cathode side by electrolyzing the concentrated water C and acidic water from the anode side An electrolysis step for obtaining E, a precipitate separation step for filtering and separating the metal component deposited by becoming alkaline from the alkaline water D obtained in the electrolysis step, and a turbidizer by backwashing the metal component separated by filtration The neutralization process which mixes and neutralizes the backwashing process which removes from 20 and discharges the backwash waste liquid containing the removed metal component etc., and the alkaline water and the acidic water E which passed through the said precipitate separation process And carry out.
In the present embodiment, the separated metal component is separated by the precipitate separation step, and the waste water treatment is performed on the backwash waste liquid containing the metal component at a high concentration. Can be reduced, and the processing burden can be remarkably reduced.
　前記除濁工程では、原水Ａ中に含まれる泥等の懸濁成分を、例えば膜濾過によって取り除く。
　斯かる工程によって、逆浸透膜分離工程に於いて使用する逆浸透膜３１が懸濁成分によって傷つけられる虞を低減できる。 In the turbidity removing step, suspended components such as mud contained in the raw water A are removed by, for example, membrane filtration.
Such a process can reduce the possibility that the reverse osmosis membrane 31 used in the reverse osmosis membrane separation step is damaged by the suspended components.
　前記逆浸透膜分離工程では、逆浸透膜分離によって、除濁工程によって懸濁成分の除去された原水Ａを透過水Ｂと金属成分の濃縮された濃縮水Ｃとに分離する。
　本実施形態に於いては、逆浸透膜３１を用いていることから、溶存する金属が除去された極めて純度の高い浄化水をうることができる。
　前記透過水Ｂとしては、通常、電気伝導度を２００μＳ／ｃｍ以下、好ましくは、５０μＳ／ｃｍ以下とする。また、前記濃縮水Ｃとしては、通常、電気伝導度を３０００～１５０００μＳ／ｃｍ、好ましくは、５０００～１００００μＳ／ｃｍとする。 In the reverse osmosis membrane separation step, the raw water A from which suspended components have been removed in the turbidity step is separated into permeated water B and concentrated water C enriched with metal components by reverse osmosis membrane separation.
In the present embodiment, since the reverse osmosis membrane 31 is used, purified water with extremely high purity from which dissolved metals are removed can be obtained.
The permeated water B usually has an electric conductivity of 200 μS / cm or less, preferably 50 μS / cm or less. The concentrated water C usually has an electric conductivity of 3000 to 15000 μS / cm, preferably 5000 to 10,000 μS / cm.
　前記電解工程では、電気分解することにより、逆浸透膜工程によって生成した濃縮水Ｃを陰極側のアルカリ性水Ｄと陽極側の酸性水Ｅとに分離する。
　電気分解の際に印加する電圧は、通常、１～５Ｖ、好ましくは、２～３Ｖとする。
　斯かる電圧とすることによって、濃縮水Ｃを十分に電気分解することができる。
　また、電気分解の時間は、特に限定されず、アルカリ性水ＤのｐＨが９～１４、酸性水ＥのｐＨが１～５となるまで継続する。
　アルカリ性水Ｄを斯かるｐＨとすることにより、含まれる金属成分を十分に析出させることができる。
　また、酸性水Ｅを斯かるｐＨとすることにより、逆浸透膜３１を該酸性水Ｅで洗浄した場合には、十分にスケール除去と殺菌を行えるとともに、逆浸透膜３１のダメージを低く抑えることができる。 In the electrolysis process, the concentrated water C generated by the reverse osmosis membrane process is separated into the alkaline water D on the cathode side and the acidic water E on the anode side by electrolysis.
The voltage applied during the electrolysis is usually 1 to 5 V, preferably 2 to 3 V.
By setting it as such a voltage, the concentrated water C can fully be electrolyzed.
Further, the electrolysis time is not particularly limited, and the electrolysis time is continued until the pH of the alkaline water D is 9 to 14 and the pH of the acidic water E is 1 to 5.
By setting the alkaline water D to such a pH, the contained metal component can be sufficiently precipitated.
Further, by setting the acidic water E to such a pH, when the reverse osmosis membrane 31 is washed with the acidic water E, the scale can be sufficiently removed and sterilized, and damage to the reverse osmosis membrane 31 can be kept low. Can do.
　前記析出物分離工程では、電解工程で得たアルカリ性水Ｄから、アルカリ性となることにより析出した金属成分を濾過により分離する。
　具体的には、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、水酸化鉄、水酸化アルミニウム等の無機塩の状態で析出したカルシウム、マグネシウム、鉄、アルミニウム等の金属成分を、前記除濁工程で使用する除濁装置２０を用いて分離する。 In the precipitate separation step, the metal component deposited by becoming alkaline is separated from the alkaline water D obtained in the electrolysis step by filtration.
Specifically, a turbidity remover that uses metal components such as calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, and the like deposited in the form of inorganic salts such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, iron hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide in the turbidity step. 20 to separate.
　前記中和工程では、前記析出物分離工程を経たアルカリ性水Ｄと前記酸性水Ｅとを中和槽６０に供給し、両者を混合して中和させる。具体的には、前記析出物分離工程を経たアルカリ性水Ｄと、逆浸透膜３１に供給して該逆浸透膜３１を酸洗浄した洗浄廃液たる酸性水Ｅとを中和槽６０に供給して中和させる。 In the neutralization step, the alkaline water D and the acidic water E that have passed through the precipitate separation step are supplied to the neutralization tank 60, and both are mixed and neutralized. Specifically, the alkaline water D that has undergone the precipitate separation step and the acidic water E that is the cleaning waste liquid that is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane 31 and acid-washed the reverse osmosis membrane 31 are supplied to the neutralization tank 60. Neutralize.
　更に、本実施形態に於いては、中和工程にて得られた中和水Ｇを原水Ａと混合し、原水Ａとともに再度同様の処理を施したり、逆洗廃液貯留槽２３を経由させて系外に排出したりする。 Furthermore, in this embodiment, the neutralized water G obtained in the neutralization step is mixed with the raw water A, and the same treatment is performed again together with the raw water A or via the backwash waste liquid storage tank 23. Or discharged outside the system.
　本実施形態に於ける金属成分含有水の浄化処理装置及び浄化処理方法は上記の通りであるが、本発明の金属成分含有水の浄化処理装置及び浄化処理方法は、上記実施形態に限定されず適宜設計変更可能である。
　例えば、本実施形態の浄化処理方法に於いて、中和工程では、酸性水Ｅとして逆浸透膜３１を酸洗浄した洗浄廃液を用いたが、本発明に於いては、電解工程で得られた酸性水Ｅで除濁装置２０を酸洗浄し、この洗浄廃液を中和工程にて酸性水Ｅとして用いてもよく、また、電解工程で得られた酸性水Ｅを洗浄に使用せずそのまま中和工程にて使用してもよい。
　また、本実施形態の金属成分含有水の浄化処理装置に於いては、逆洗廃液Ｆや中和水Ｇを貯留する逆洗廃液貯留槽２３が備えられたが、本発明に於いては、逆洗廃液貯留槽２３が備えられず、逆洗廃液Ｆや中和水Ｇが直接系外に排出されるように構成されてなるものであってもよい。同様に、浄化処理方法に於いても、逆洗廃液貯留槽２３を経由せずに系外に排出してもよい。
　更に、本実施形態の金属成分含有水の浄化処理装置に於いては、除濁装置２０の逆洗用等として除濁処理水を貯留する除濁処理水槽２２が備えられたが、本発明に於いては、除濁処理水槽２２が備えられず、例えば、濃縮水貯留槽３３に貯留された濃縮水Ｃや酸性水貯留槽４６に貯留された酸性水Ｅや浄化水Ｂなどが、逆洗用として除濁装置２０に供給されるように構成されていてもよい。同様に、浄化処理方法に於いても、除濁処理水を用いずに、濃縮水Ｃや酸性水Ｅや浄化水Ｂを用いて除濁装置２０の逆洗を行ってもよい。 The metal component-containing water purification treatment apparatus and purification treatment method in the present embodiment are as described above, but the metal component-containing water purification treatment apparatus and purification treatment method of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiment. The design can be changed as appropriate.
For example, in the purification treatment method of the present embodiment, in the neutralization step, cleaning waste liquid obtained by acid cleaning the reverse osmosis membrane 31 was used as the acidic water E, but in the present invention, it was obtained in the electrolysis step. The turbidity removal apparatus 20 may be acid-washed with the acid water E, and this washing waste liquid may be used as the acid water E in the neutralization step, and the acid water E obtained in the electrolysis step is not used for washing but is used as it is. You may use in a sum process.
Further, in the purification apparatus for water containing metal components according to the present embodiment, the backwash waste liquid storage tank 23 for storing the backwash waste liquid F and the neutralized water G is provided. In the present invention, The backwash waste liquid storage tank 23 may not be provided, and the backwash waste liquid F and the neutralized water G may be directly discharged out of the system. Similarly, in the purification treatment method, it may be discharged out of the system without going through the backwash waste liquid storage tank 23.
Furthermore, in the purification processing apparatus for metal component-containing water according to the present embodiment, the turbidity-treated water tank 22 for storing the turbidity-treated water is provided for backwashing of the turbidity-eliminating apparatus 20 or the like. However, the turbidity-treated water tank 22 is not provided. For example, the concentrated water C stored in the concentrated water storage tank 33, the acidic water E stored in the acidic water storage tank 46, the purified water B, etc. are backwashed. It may be configured to be supplied to the turbidity removal device 20 for use. Similarly, in the purification treatment method, the turbidity removal device 20 may be backwashed using concentrated water C, acidic water E, or purified water B without using the turbidity-treated water.

Claims (6)

  1. 　金属成分の溶存した金属成分含有水を逆浸透膜分離によって透過水たる浄化水と濃縮水とに分離する逆浸透膜分離工程を実施する金属成分含有水の浄化処理方法であって、
    　更に、前記濃縮水を電気分解して陰極側からアルカリ性水を得る電解工程と、該電解工程で得たアルカリ性水から、アルカリ性となることにより析出した金属成分を濾過分離する析出物分離工程とを実施することを特徴とする金属成分含有水の浄化処理方法。     A metal component-containing water purification treatment method for performing a reverse osmosis membrane separation step of separating metal component-containing water in which a metal component is dissolved into purified water that is permeated water and concentrated water by reverse osmosis membrane separation,
    Further, an electrolysis step of electrolyzing the concentrated water to obtain alkaline water from the cathode side, and a precipitate separation step of filtering and separating the metal component deposited by becoming alkaline from the alkaline water obtained in the electrolysis step A method for purifying metal component-containing water, characterized in that it is carried out.
  2. 　前記逆浸透膜分離工程前の前記金属成分含有水を除濁装置にて除濁する除濁工程を実施し、前記逆浸透膜分離工程では、前記除濁工程にて除濁された金属成分含有水を逆浸透膜分離し、前記析出物分離工程では、前記除濁装置にて、析出した金属成分を分離する請求項１記載の金属成分含有水の浄化処理方法。 A turbidity step is performed in which the metal component-containing water before the reverse osmosis membrane separation step is turbidized by a turbidity apparatus, and in the reverse osmosis membrane separation step, the metal component containing turbidity in the turbidity step is contained. The method for purifying metal component-containing water according to claim 1, wherein water is separated by reverse osmosis membrane, and in the deposit separation step, the deposited metal component is separated by the turbidity removing device.
  3. 　前記電解工程では陽極側から酸性水を得、該酸性水で前記逆浸透膜を除菌、洗浄した後の酸性水を、或いは前記電解工程で得られたそのままの酸性水を、前記析出物分離工程により金属成分が分離されたアルカリ性水に加えて中和する中和工程を実施する請求項１又は２記載の金属成分含有水の浄化処理方法。 In the electrolysis step, acid water is obtained from the anode side, the reverse osmosis membrane is sterilized with the acid water, the acid water after washing, or the acid water directly obtained in the electrolysis step is separated from the precipitate. The method for purifying metal component-containing water according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a neutralization step of neutralizing in addition to the alkaline water from which the metal component has been separated by the step is performed.
  4. 　前記除濁装置がＭＦ膜又はＵＦ膜を用いた濾過によって除濁する装置である請求項２記載の金属成分含有水の浄化処理方法。 The method for purifying metal component-containing water according to claim 2, wherein the turbidity removing device is a device that turbidizes by filtration using an MF membrane or a UF membrane.
  5. 　前記アルカリ性水のｐＨを９～１４とする請求項１乃至４の何れかに記載の金属成分含有水の浄化処理方法。 The method for purifying metal component-containing water according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pH of the alkaline water is 9 to 14.
  6. 　金属成分の溶存した金属成分含有水を逆浸透膜によって透過水たる浄化水と濃縮水とに分離する逆浸透膜分離装置を有する金属成分含有水の浄化処理装置であって、
    　更に、前記濃縮水を電気分解して陰極側からアルカリ性水を得る電解装置と、該電解装置で得たアルカリ性水から、アルカリ性となることにより析出した金属成分を濾過分離する析出物分離装置とを有することを特徴とする金属成分含有水の浄化処理装置。     A metal component-containing water purification treatment apparatus having a reverse osmosis membrane separation device that separates metal component-containing water in which a metal component is dissolved into purified water that is permeated water and concentrated water using a reverse osmosis membrane,
    Furthermore, an electrolysis apparatus that electrolyzes the concentrated water to obtain alkaline water from the cathode side, and a precipitate separation apparatus that filters and separates metal components deposited by becoming alkaline from the alkaline water obtained by the electrolysis apparatus. A purification apparatus for water containing metal components, comprising:
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