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WO2009083622A1 - System and method for reducing the frictional resistance of fluids on the surface of boats and aircraft - Google Patents

System and method for reducing the frictional resistance of fluids on the surface of boats and aircraft Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009083622A1
WO2009083622A1 PCT/ES2008/000173 ES2008000173W WO2009083622A1 WO 2009083622 A1 WO2009083622 A1 WO 2009083622A1 ES 2008000173 W ES2008000173 W ES 2008000173W WO 2009083622 A1 WO2009083622 A1 WO 2009083622A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
jacket
shirt
elements
boundary layer
fluids
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2008/000173
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Manuel Muñoz Saiz
Original Assignee
Munoz Saiz Manuel
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Munoz Saiz Manuel filed Critical Munoz Saiz Manuel
Publication of WO2009083622A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009083622A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
    • B63B1/34—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C21/00—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow
    • B64C21/10—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow using other surface properties, e.g. roughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C2230/00—Boundary layer controls
    • B64C2230/26—Boundary layer controls by using rib lets or hydrophobic surfaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/10—Drag reduction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls

Definitions

  • the system and method of reducing the frictional resistance of fluids on the surface of ships and airplanes of the invention consists in covering the submerged area of the hull of the ships or fuselage of airplanes, including the cigar, the wings and control fins, with a jacket, whose external surface has characteristics or elements that delay the detachment of the boundary layer, reducing turbulence and therefore the frictional resistance of fluids, having pulleys, cables, motors or extension and other retraction lathes, and fastening braces.
  • the shirt can be made of mesh or a flexible sheet or sheet of thermoplastic or woven material, the latter can be of one or several parallel threads.
  • the surface friction resistance can be reduced mainly by the following three systems: a) The jacket can be coated with super-slip layers of paint, polymer, varnish, wax, silicone, water-repellent acid or chemical treatment. b) The shirt can be formed by profiles whose outer face has a section of small saw teeth or riblets, of multiple concave or convex half-moons or prominences in the form of denticles, similar to the skin of sharks or of multiple rhombuses or diamonds of the cards in relief, or it may have semi-oval elements with its lower area recessed or broken. The riblets are placed perpendicular to the surface or inclined and alternated of different heights.
  • pressurized air can be blown into the interior of the hollow jacket wall and diffuses it by the large porosity of the external wall or by holes or grooves thereof. In the latter case, the air flows into longitudinal channels parallel to the direction of travel. On the sides these cavities are inclined so that the trapped air has more persistence.
  • a variant consists of winding a belt or band around the fuselage of airplanes whose external surface has the resistance reducing characteristics of the invention.
  • the shirt can be stored in the back stepped or recessed area, it can also have the leading edge of multiple holes that delays the detachment of the boundary layer and its corresponding turbulence, another variant uses a fabric of one or several parallel threads that are placed with the weft or warp inclined 45 °.
  • Polymers and riblets produce less turbulence and resistance than flat surfaces without sliding layers.
  • a paint consisting of a mixture of: a) A high molecular weight polymer (resistance reducing agent), b) a carrier vehicle, c) a diluent, d) solvent modifiers can also be applied to the hull , e) Film modifiers f) Dryers and pigments. According to US Pat. No. 5,554,214.
  • a water repellent treatment can be applied by means of substrates covered with organic polymers or inorganic covered substrates, including a perfluoalkylsilane and a hydroxylizable silane or a siloxane.
  • Polytetrafluoroethylene resin compounds, bismuth particles and a solid lubricant such as graphite can be used.
  • the shirt may have an opening and be limited and secured by its contour by means of cables or bow of the ship, to extend it it is dropped under the bow and the rear end of a cable or rope is pulled by some pulleys and a motor or manually by a winch. Lateral and elastic straps keep the shirt stretched at all times, fixing them to supports, holes or rings by means of tied or with hooks.
  • the upper side edges of the jacket can also slide by rollers in channels arranged on the sides of the boat, in this case once the shirt is extended it must be tensioned.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a ship with the system of the invention.
  • Figures 2 to 14 show side and schematic views of ships with variants of shirts of the system of the invention.
  • Figures 15 through 20 show sectioned and schematic views of portions of shirts, variants of the system of the invention.
  • Figure 21 shows a schematic side view of a plane fuselage portion with a variant of the system of the invention.
  • Figure 22 shows a sectioned and schematic view of a ship with the shirt of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the boat (1) with the jacket (2) whose surface has denticles (2a), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the retraction cable of the jacket (5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support straps (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
  • Figure 2 shows the boat (1) with the smooth surface jacket (2) (2b), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable (5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support braces (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
  • Figure 3 shows the boat (1) with the jacket (2) formed by the mesh (2c), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable (5 ) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support braces (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
  • Figure 4 shows the boat (1) with the fabric jacket (2) (2d), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable (5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support braces (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
  • Figure 5 shows the ship (1) with the diamond surface jacket (2) (2e), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the cable shrinkage of the jacket (5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support straps (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
  • Figure 6 shows the boat (1) with the spike-shaped fabric jacket (2) (2f), with flat wires, the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the cable retraction of the jacket (5) with the pulley (6), the lateral channels (12) guide of the rollers (13) of lateral support of the shirt.
  • Figure 7 shows the boat (1) with the shirt (2) of diagonal multi-strand fabric (2g), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the retraction cable of the jacket (5) with the pulley (6), the lateral channels (12) guide the rollers (13) of lateral support of the shirt.
  • Figure 8 shows the boat (1) with the jacket (2) of air insufflation holes (2h), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable (5) with the pulley (6), the lateral channels (12) guide the rollers (13) of lateral support of the jacket.
  • Figure 9 shows the ship (1) with the jacket (2) of surface of rough elements (2i), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable ( 5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support braces (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
  • Figure 10 shows the boat (1) with the jacket (2) with a relief surface of semi-oval elements with its stepped or recessed rear area (2j), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4 ), the jacket retraction cable
  • Figure 11 shows the boat (1) with the shirt (2) with a relief surface of half moons with the bulged back area (2k), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable (5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support straps (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
  • Figure 12 shows the boat (1) with the shirt (2) with a relief surface of half moons with the bulging front area (21), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable (5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support straps (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
  • Figure 13 shows the boat (1) with the jacket (2) with a hole or porous surface (2m) through which air supplied by the ducts (9 and 9a), the extension cable (3) of the shirt is blown together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable (5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support straps (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
  • Figure 14 shows the plane (11) with the jacket wrapping the fuselage, cigar (2n), wing (2p) and stabilizers and rudder fins (2q), whose surfaces are covered by denticles or other anti-friction elements. Engines, windows, doors, cargo and landing gear dampers, etc. are free of said shirt. The fins of the rudders, flaps etc. They are covered independently with their individual shirt.
  • Figure 15 shows a surface sleeve portion in saw teeth (14).
  • Figure 16 shows a portion of surface sleeve in alternating saw teeth (14) of various dimensions.
  • Figure 17 shows a portion of the surface sleeve in saw teeth
  • Figure 18 shows a surface sleeve portion on inclined saw teeth (14).
  • Figure 19 shows a surface sleeve portion with convex undulations (15).
  • Figure 20 shows a surface sleeve portion with longitudinal channels of concave section (22) parallel to the direction of travel, to which the hollow chamber (16) can optionally be added through which air is blown through the grooves (twenty-one). On the sides these cavities are inclined so that the trapped air has more persistence.
  • Figure 21 shows the plane (11) and the ribbon (2n) helically wound around the fuselage, with the friction resistance reducing surface of the system of the invention.
  • Figure 22 shows the boat (1), the shirt (2), the strap (7) and the hitch or tied support (8).
  • the jacket may have an opening (20) and be limited and secured by its contour by means of elastic cables or cords (19).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and method for reducing the frictional resistance of fluids on the surface of boats and aircraft, in which the submerged area of the boat hull or aircraft fuselage, including the body, wings and control flaps, is covered with a lining, the external surface of which includes features or elements that delay the separation of the boundary layer, thereby reducing turbulence and, consequently, the frictional resistance of the fluids. Said system includes pulleys, cables, extension and retraction winches or motors and guy lines. The elements that delay the separation of the boundary layer comprise: waxes, silicones, paints, riblets, air insufflation, netting, etc.

Description

SISTEMA Y MÉTODO REDUCTOR DE LA RESISTENCIA DE FRICCIÓN DE LOS FLUIDOS SOBRE LA SUPERFICIE DE BARCOS Y AVIONES. SYSTEM AND REDUCING METHOD OF THE FLUID RESISTANCE OF FLUIDS ON THE SURFACE OF BOATS AND AIRCRAFT.
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN.- En barcos y aviones.FIELD OF THE INVENTION.- In ships and airplanes.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA. Actualmente para reducir la resistencia de fricción del casco o fuselaje de los barcos y aviones se aplican a la superficie de los mismos pinturas, barnices, inyección de polímeros líquidos o aire, riblets, etc. los cuales son de poca duración, poco efectivos o difíciles de aplicar. En la zona delantera del casco, fuselaje o perfiles el fluido se comporta de forma laminar, transformándose tanto mas turbulento y ocasionando mas resistencia de fricción cuanto mas retrasado se encuentra hacia la popa o cola.STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE. Currently to reduce the frictional resistance of the hull or fuselage of ships and airplanes are applied to the surface of the same paints, varnishes, injection of liquid or air polymers, riblets, etc. which are short-lived, ineffective or difficult to apply. In the front area of the hull, fuselage or profiles, the fluid behaves in a laminar way, becoming more turbulent and causing more friction resistance the more delayed it is towards the stern or tail.
OBJETIVOS DE LA INVENCIÓN:OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION:
Aportar un sistema reductor de la resistencia muy sencillo, económico y muy eficiente.Provide a very simple, economical and very efficient resistance reducing system.
Aportar un sistema duradero o de fácil aplicación y sustitución. Aportar un sistema de gran repulsión hacia el fluido, en especial si es agua.Provide a durable system or easy application and replacement. Provide a system of great repulsion towards the fluid, especially if it is water.
Aportar un sistema que por reducir en gran medida el gasto de combustible produce un gran ahorro y resulta muy ecológico.Provide a system that by greatly reducing fuel consumption produces great savings and is very ecological.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN.- El sistema y método reductor de la resistencia de fricción de los fluidos sobre la superficie de barcos y aviones de la invención consiste en cubrir la zona sumergida del casco de los barcos o fuselaje de los aviones, incluyendo el puro, las alas y aletas de control, con una camisa, cuya superficie externa presenta unas características o elementos que retrasan el desprendimiento de la capa límite, reduciendo la turbulencia y por tanto la resistencia de fricción de los fluidos, disponiendo de unas poleas, cables, motores o tornos de extensión y otros de retracción, y de unos tirantes de sujeción.DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.- The system and method of reducing the frictional resistance of fluids on the surface of ships and airplanes of the invention consists in covering the submerged area of the hull of the ships or fuselage of airplanes, including the cigar, the wings and control fins, with a jacket, whose external surface has characteristics or elements that delay the detachment of the boundary layer, reducing turbulence and therefore the frictional resistance of fluids, having pulleys, cables, motors or extension and other retraction lathes, and fastening braces.
La camisa puede ser de malla o una lámina u hoja flexible de material termoplástico o tejido, este último puede ser de uno o de varios hilos paralelos.The shirt can be made of mesh or a flexible sheet or sheet of thermoplastic or woven material, the latter can be of one or several parallel threads.
La resistencia de fricción superficial se puede reducir principalmente por los tres sistemas siguientes: a) La camisa puede recubrirse de capas superdeslizantes de pintura, polímero, barniz, cera, silicona, tratamiento ácido o químico repelentes al agua. b) La camisa puede estar formada por unos perfiles cuya cara externa tiene una sección de pequeños dientes de sierra o riblets, de múltiples semilunas cóncavas o convexas o unas prominencias en forma de dentículos, similar a la piel de los tiburones o de múltiples rombos o diamantes de los naipes en relieve, o puede tener unos elementos semiovalados con su zona posterior rebajada o quebrada. Los riblets se colocan perpendiculares a la superficie o inclinados y alternados de distintas alturas. c) En tercer lugar puede insuflarse aire a presión al interior de la pared de la camisa que es hueca y la difunde por la gran porosidad de la pared externa o por unos orificios o ranuras de la misma. En este último caso el aire desemboca en unos canales longitudinales paralelos a la dirección de desplazamiento. En los laterales estas cavidades están inclinadas para que tenga más persistencia el aire atrapado.The surface friction resistance can be reduced mainly by the following three systems: a) The jacket can be coated with super-slip layers of paint, polymer, varnish, wax, silicone, water-repellent acid or chemical treatment. b) The shirt can be formed by profiles whose outer face has a section of small saw teeth or riblets, of multiple concave or convex half-moons or prominences in the form of denticles, similar to the skin of sharks or of multiple rhombuses or diamonds of the cards in relief, or it may have semi-oval elements with its lower area recessed or broken. The riblets are placed perpendicular to the surface or inclined and alternated of different heights. c) Thirdly, pressurized air can be blown into the interior of the hollow jacket wall and diffuses it by the large porosity of the external wall or by holes or grooves thereof. In the latter case, the air flows into longitudinal channels parallel to the direction of travel. On the sides these cavities are inclined so that the trapped air has more persistence.
Una variante consiste en enrollar helicoidalmente alrededor del fuselaje de los aviones una cinta o banda cuya superficie externa presenta las características reductoras de resistencia de la invención.A variant consists of winding a belt or band around the fuselage of airplanes whose external surface has the resistance reducing characteristics of the invention.
La camisa puede almacenarse en la zona posterior escalonada o rehundida, también puede tener elevado el borde más adelantado de múltiples orificios que retrasa el desprendimiento de la capa límite y su correspondiente turbulencia, otra variante utiliza un tejido de uno o varios hilos paralelos que se colocan con la trama o urdimbre inclinadas 45°.The shirt can be stored in the back stepped or recessed area, it can also have the leading edge of multiple holes that delays the detachment of the boundary layer and its corresponding turbulence, another variant uses a fabric of one or several parallel threads that are placed with the weft or warp inclined 45 °.
Los polímeros y los riblets producen menos turbulencia y resistencia que las superficies planas sin capas deslizantes.Polymers and riblets produce less turbulence and resistance than flat surfaces without sliding layers.
Para el casco de los barcos también puede aplicarse una pintura formada por un mezcla de: a) Un polímero de alto peso molecular (agente reductor de la resistencia), b) un vehículo portador, c) un diluyente, d) unos modificadores del solvente, e) Modificadores de película f) Secadores y pigmentos. Según la patente US5,554,214.A paint consisting of a mixture of: a) A high molecular weight polymer (resistance reducing agent), b) a carrier vehicle, c) a diluent, d) solvent modifiers can also be applied to the hull , e) Film modifiers f) Dryers and pigments. According to US Pat. No. 5,554,214.
Se puede aplicar un tratamiento repelente al agua mediante unos substratos cubiertos de polímeros orgánicos o substratos cubiertos inorgánicos, incluye un perfluoalquisilano y un silano hidroxilizable o un siloxano.A water repellent treatment can be applied by means of substrates covered with organic polymers or inorganic covered substrates, including a perfluoalkylsilane and a hydroxylizable silane or a siloxane.
Pueden usarse compuestos de resina de politetrafluoroetileno, partículas de bismuto y un lubricante sólido como el grafito.Polytetrafluoroethylene resin compounds, bismuth particles and a solid lubricant such as graphite can be used.
En la zona de la quilla la camisa puede tener una abertura y estar limitada y sujeta por su contorno mediante unos cables o ca de proa del barco, para extenderla se deja caer bajo la proa y se tira del extremo posterior de un cable o cabo mediante unas poleas y un motor o manualmente por un torno. Unos tirantes laterales y elásticos mantienen la camisa tensada en todo momento, fijándolos a unos soportes, orificios o anillas mediante atado o con unos ganchos. Los bordes laterales superiores de la camisa también puede deslizarse mediante rodillos en unos canales dispuestos sobre los laterales del barco, en este caso una vez extendida la camisa se debe tensar.In the area of the keel the shirt may have an opening and be limited and secured by its contour by means of cables or bow of the ship, to extend it it is dropped under the bow and the rear end of a cable or rope is pulled by some pulleys and a motor or manually by a winch. Lateral and elastic straps keep the shirt stretched at all times, fixing them to supports, holes or rings by means of tied or with hooks. The upper side edges of the jacket can also slide by rollers in channels arranged on the sides of the boat, in this case once the shirt is extended it must be tensioned.
Ventajas: Es práctico, sencillo, económico, produce mucho ahorro de combustible y como consecuencia reduce la contaminación. Permite aplicarlo o cambiarlo en cualquier momento. BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOSAdvantages: It is practical, simple, economical, produces a lot of fuel savings and consequently reduces pollution. It allows to apply or change it at any time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
La figura 1 muestra una vista lateral y esquematizada de un barco con el sistema de la invención.Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a ship with the system of the invention.
Las figuras 2 a la 14 muestran vistas laterales y esquematizadas de barcos con variantes de camisas del sistema de la invención. Las figuras 15 a la 20 muestran vistas seccionadas y esquematizadas de porciones de camisas, variantes del sistema de la invención.Figures 2 to 14 show side and schematic views of ships with variants of shirts of the system of the invention. Figures 15 through 20 show sectioned and schematic views of portions of shirts, variants of the system of the invention.
La figura 21 muestra una vista lateral y esquematizada de una porción de fuselaje de avión con una variante del sistema de la invención.Figure 21 shows a schematic side view of a plane fuselage portion with a variant of the system of the invention.
La figura 22 muestra una vista seccionada y esquematizada de un barco con la camisa de la invención.Figure 22 shows a sectioned and schematic view of a ship with the shirt of the invention.
DESCRIPCIÓN MÁS DETALLADA DE LOS DIBUJOSMORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
La invención, figura 1, muestra el barco (1) con la camisa (2) cuya superficie presenta unos dentículos (2a), el cable de extensión (3) de la camisa junto con las poleas (4), el cable de retracción de la camisa (5) con la polea (6), los tirantes elásticos de sujeción lateral (7) y los soportes de enganche o atado (8).The invention, figure 1, shows the boat (1) with the jacket (2) whose surface has denticles (2a), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the retraction cable of the jacket (5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support straps (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
La figura 2 muestra el barco (1) con la camisa (2) de superficie lisa (2b) , el cable de extensión (3) de la camisa junto con las poleas (4), el cable de retracción de la camisa (5) con la polea (6), los tirantes elásticos de sujeción lateral (7) y los soportes de enganche o atado (8). La figura 3 muestra el barco (1) con la camisa (2) formada por la malla (2c), el cable de extensión (3) de la camisa junto con las poleas (4), el cable de retracción de la camisa (5) con la polea (6), los tirantes elásticos de sujeción lateral (7) y los soportes de enganche o atado (8).Figure 2 shows the boat (1) with the smooth surface jacket (2) (2b), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable (5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support braces (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8). Figure 3 shows the boat (1) with the jacket (2) formed by the mesh (2c), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable (5 ) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support braces (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
La figura 4 muestra el barco (1) con la camisa (2) de tela (2d), el cable de extensión (3) de la camisa junto con las poleas (4), el cable de retracción de la camisa (5) con la polea (6), los tirantes elásticos de sujeción lateral (7) y los soportes de enganche o atado (8).Figure 4 shows the boat (1) with the fabric jacket (2) (2d), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable (5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support braces (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
La figura 5 muestra el barco (1) con la camisa (2) de superficie de diamantes (2e), el cable de extensión (3) de la camisa junto con las poleas (4), el cable de retracción de la camisa (5) con la polea (6), los tirantes elásticos de sujeción lateral (7) y los soportes de enganche o atado (8).Figure 5 shows the ship (1) with the diamond surface jacket (2) (2e), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the cable shrinkage of the jacket (5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support straps (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
La figura 6 muestra el barco (1) con la camisa (2) de tejido en forma de espiga (2f), de hilos planos, el cable de extensión (3) de la camisa junto con las poleas (4), el cable de retracción de la camisa (5) con la polea (6), los canales laterales (12) guía de los rodillos (13) de sujeción lateral de la camisa.Figure 6 shows the boat (1) with the spike-shaped fabric jacket (2) (2f), with flat wires, the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the cable retraction of the jacket (5) with the pulley (6), the lateral channels (12) guide of the rollers (13) of lateral support of the shirt.
La figura 7 muestra el barco (1) con la camisa (2) de tejido de varios hilos en diagonal (2g), el cable de extensión (3) de la camisa junto con las poleas (4), el cable de retracción de la camisa (5) con la polea (6), los canales laterales (12) guía de los rodillos (13) de sujeción lateral de la camisa.Figure 7 shows the boat (1) with the shirt (2) of diagonal multi-strand fabric (2g), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the retraction cable of the jacket (5) with the pulley (6), the lateral channels (12) guide the rollers (13) of lateral support of the shirt.
La figura 8 muestra el barco (1) con la camisa (2) de orificios de insuflado de aire (2h), el cable de extensión (3) de la camisa junto con las poleas (4), el cable de retracción de la camisa (5) con la polea (6), los canales laterales (12) guía de los rodillos (13) de sujeción lateral de la camisa. La figura 9 muestra el barco (1) con la camisa (2) de superficie de elementos rugosos (2i), el cable de extensión (3) de la camisa junto con las poleas (4), el cable de retracción de la camisa (5) con la polea (6), los tirantes elásticos de sujeción lateral (7) y los soportes de enganche o atado (8).Figure 8 shows the boat (1) with the jacket (2) of air insufflation holes (2h), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable (5) with the pulley (6), the lateral channels (12) guide the rollers (13) of lateral support of the jacket. Figure 9 shows the ship (1) with the jacket (2) of surface of rough elements (2i), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable ( 5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support braces (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
La figura 10 muestra el barco (1) con la camisa (2) con una superficie en relieve de elementos semiovalados con su zona posterior escalonada o rehundida (2j), el cable de extensión (3) de la camisa junto con las poleas (4), el cable de retracción de la camisaFigure 10 shows the boat (1) with the jacket (2) with a relief surface of semi-oval elements with its stepped or recessed rear area (2j), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4 ), the jacket retraction cable
(5) con la polea (6), los tirantes elásticos de sujeción lateral (7) y los soportes de enganche o atado (8).(5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support straps (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
La figura 11 muestra el barco (1) con la camisa (2) con una superficie en relieve de medias lunas con la zona posterior abombada (2k), el cable de extensión (3) de la camisa junto con las poleas (4), el cable de retracción de la camisa (5) con la polea (6), los tirantes elásticos de sujeción lateral (7) y los soportes de enganche o atado (8).Figure 11 shows the boat (1) with the shirt (2) with a relief surface of half moons with the bulged back area (2k), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable (5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support straps (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
La figura 12 muestra el barco (1) con la camisa (2) con una superficie en relieve de medias lunas con la zona anterior abombada (21), el cable de extensión (3) de la camisa junto con las poleas (4), el cable de retracción de la camisa (5) con la polea (6), los tirantes elásticos de sujeción lateral (7) y los soportes de enganche o atado (8).Figure 12 shows the boat (1) with the shirt (2) with a relief surface of half moons with the bulging front area (21), the extension cable (3) of the shirt together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable (5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support straps (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
La figura 13 muestra el barco (1) con la camisa (2) con una superficie de orificios o porosa (2m) por donde se insufla aire alimentado por los conductos (9 y 9a), el cable de extensión (3) de la camisa junto con las poleas (4), el cable de retracción de la camisa (5) con la polea (6), los tirantes elásticos de sujeción lateral (7) y los soportes de enganche o atado (8).Figure 13 shows the boat (1) with the jacket (2) with a hole or porous surface (2m) through which air supplied by the ducts (9 and 9a), the extension cable (3) of the shirt is blown together with the pulleys (4), the jacket retraction cable (5) with the pulley (6), the elastic lateral support straps (7) and the hook or tie brackets (8).
La figura 14 muestra el avión (11) con la camisa envolviendo el fuselaje, el puro (2n), el ala (2p) y los estabilizadores y aletas de los timones (2q), cuyas superficies están cubiertas por dentículos u otros elementos antifricción. Quedan libres de dicha camisa los motores, las ventanillas, puertas, las compuertas de carga y del tren de aterrizaje, etc. Las aletas de los timones, flaps etc. están cubiertas independientemente con su camisa individual.Figure 14 shows the plane (11) with the jacket wrapping the fuselage, cigar (2n), wing (2p) and stabilizers and rudder fins (2q), whose surfaces are covered by denticles or other anti-friction elements. Engines, windows, doors, cargo and landing gear dampers, etc. are free of said shirt. The fins of the rudders, flaps etc. They are covered independently with their individual shirt.
En todas las figuras anteriores los elementos de las superficies están sobredimensionados para una mejor visión e interpretación de los mismos.In all the previous figures the surface elements are oversized for a better view and interpretation of them.
La figura 15 muestra una porción de camisa de superficie en dientes de sierra (14).Figure 15 shows a surface sleeve portion in saw teeth (14).
La figura 16 muestra una porción de camisa de superficie en dientes de sierra (14) alternados de varias dimensiones. La figura 17 muestra una porción de camisa de superficie en dientes de sierraFigure 16 shows a portion of surface sleeve in alternating saw teeth (14) of various dimensions. Figure 17 shows a portion of the surface sleeve in saw teeth
(14) separados.(14) separated.
La figura 18 muestra una porción de camisa de superficie en dientes de sierra (14) inclinados.Figure 18 shows a surface sleeve portion on inclined saw teeth (14).
La figura 19 muestra una porción de camisa de superficie con ondulaciones convexas (15).Figure 19 shows a surface sleeve portion with convex undulations (15).
La figura 20 muestra una porción de camisa de superficie con unos canales longitudinales de sección cóncava (22) paralelos a la dirección de desplazamiento, a los que se le puede añadir opcionalmente la cámara hueca (16) por la que se insufla aire por las ranuras (21). En los laterales estas cavidades son inclinadas para que tengan más persistencia el aire atrapado.Figure 20 shows a surface sleeve portion with longitudinal channels of concave section (22) parallel to the direction of travel, to which the hollow chamber (16) can optionally be added through which air is blown through the grooves (twenty-one). On the sides these cavities are inclined so that the trapped air has more persistence.
La figura 21 muestra el avión (11) y la cinta (2n) enrollada helicoidalmente alrededor del fuselaje, con la superficie reductora de la resistencia de fricción del sistema de la invención.Figure 21 shows the plane (11) and the ribbon (2n) helically wound around the fuselage, with the friction resistance reducing surface of the system of the invention.
La figura 22 muestra el barco (1), la camisa (2), el tirante (7) y el soporte de enganche o atado (8). En la zona de la quilla (18), la camisa puede tener una abertura (20) y estar limitada y sujeta por su contorno mediante los cables o cordones elásticos (19). Figure 22 shows the boat (1), the shirt (2), the strap (7) and the hitch or tied support (8). In the area of the keel (18), the jacket may have an opening (20) and be limited and secured by its contour by means of elastic cables or cords (19).

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Sistema reductor de la resistencia de fricción de los fluidos sobre la superficie de barcos y aviones que consiste en cubrir la zona sumergida del casco de los barcos o fuselaje de los aviones, incluyendo el puro, las alas y aletas de control, con una camisa, cuya superficie externa presenta unas características o elementos que retrasan el desprendimiento de la capa límite, reduciendo la turbulencia y por tanto la resistencia de fricción de los fluidos, disponiendo de unas poleas, cables, motores o tornos de extensión y otros de retracción, y de unos tirantes de sujeción.1. Reduction system of the frictional resistance of fluids on the surface of ships and airplanes that consists of covering the submerged area of the hull of the ships or fuselage of the airplanes, including the cigar, the wings and control fins, with a shirt, whose external surface has characteristics or elements that delay the detachment of the boundary layer, reducing turbulence and therefore the frictional resistance of fluids, having pulleys, cables, motors or extension lathes and other retraction, and of some support braces.
2. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la camisa es una malla. 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the shirt is a mesh.
3. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la camisa está formada por una lámina u hoja flexible de material termoplástico.3. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the jacket is formed by a flexible sheet or sheet of thermoplastic material.
4. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la camisa está formada por un tejido, dispuesta la trama y urdimbre a 45° con la línea de desplazamiento.4. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the shirt is formed by a fabric, the weft and warp are arranged at 45 ° with the line of displacement.
5. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la camisa se recubre de una pintura, polímero, silicona, barniz o cera repelentes del agua.5. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the jacket is coated with a water-repellent paint, polymer, silicone, varnish or wax.
6. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque a la camisa se le aplica un tratamiento ácido o químico repelentes al agua.6. System according to claim 1, characterized in that an acidic or chemical water-repellent treatment is applied to the jacket.
7. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la camisa porta como elementos retrasadores de la capa límite unos perfiles cuya cara externa tiene una sección de pequeños dientes de sierra o riblets.7. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the profiles have as profiles delaying the boundary layer profiles whose outer face has a section of small saw teeth or riblets.
8. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la camisa porta como elementos retrasadores de la capa límite unos pequeños dientes de sierra o riblets, perpendiculares o inclinados.8. System according to claim 1, characterized in that small saw teeth or riblets, perpendicular or inclined, have as delay elements of the boundary layer.
9. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la camisa porta como elementos retrasadores de la capa límite múltiples semilunas cóncavas o convexas respecto al sentido de avance.9. System according to claim 1, characterized in that multiple concave or convex semi-moons are delayed as elements of the boundary layer with respect to the direction of travel.
10. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la camisa porta como elementos retrasadores de la capa límite unas prominencias en forma de dentículos.10. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the prominence in the form of denticles is carried as delaying elements of the boundary layer.
11. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la camisa porta como elementos retrasadores de la capa límite múltiples rombos o diamantes de los naipes en relieve.11. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the multi-diamonds or diamonds of the playing cards are embossed as delaying elements of the border layer.
12. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la camisa porta como retrasadores de la capa límite unos elementos semiovalados con el borde de salida escalonado o rehundido. 12. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve carries semi-oval elements with stepped or recessed exit edge as delay layers of the boundary layer.
13. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la camisa porta como elementos retrasadores múltiples orificios con el borde anterior más elevado.13. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve has multiple holes with the highest leading edge as delay elements.
14. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque se insufla aire a presión al interior de la camisa que es hueca y la difunde por la gran porosidad de la pared externa o por unos orificios o ranuras de la misma sobre unos canales longitudinales.14. System according to claim 1, characterized in that air is blown into the interior of the jacket which is hollow and diffuses it by the large porosity of the external wall or by holes or grooves thereof on longitudinal channels.
15. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque se aplica una pintura formada por un mezcla de a) un polímero de alto peso molecular (agente reductor de la resistencia), b) un vehículo portador, c) un diluyente, d) modificadores del solvente, e) modificadores de película y f) secadores y pigmentos. 15. System according to claim 1, characterized in that a paint consisting of a mixture of a) a high molecular weight polymer (resistance reducing agent), b) a carrier vehicle, c) a diluent, d) solvent modifiers is applied , e) film modifiers and f) dryers and pigments.
16. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque se usa sobre la superficie de la camisa un repelente al agua mediante unos substratos cubiertos de polímeros orgánicos o substratos cubiertos inorgánicos, incluye un perfluoalquisilano y un silano hidroxilizable o un siloxano.16. System according to claim 1, characterized in that a water repellent is used on the surface of the jacket by means of substrates covered with organic polymers or inorganic covered substrates, includes a perfluoalkylsilane and a hydroxylizable silane or a siloxane.
17. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque se usa sobre la superficie de la camisa compuestos de resina de politetrafluoroetileno, partículas de bismuto y un lubricante sólido como el grafito.17. System according to claim 1, characterized in that polytetrafluoroethylene resin compounds, bismuth particles and a solid lubricant such as graphite are used on the surface of the jacket.
18. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque en la zona de la quilla la camisa tiene una abertura y esta limitada y sujeta por su contorno mediante unos cables o cordones elásticos longitudinales. 18. System according to claim 1, characterized in that in the area of the keel the jacket has an opening and is limited and secured by its contour by means of longitudinal elastic cables or cords.
19. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la camisa consiste en una cinta o banda, que se enrolla helicoidalmente alrededor del fuselaje de los aviones. 19. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the jacket consists of a belt or band, which is wound helically around the aircraft fuselage.
20. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los tirantes laterales y elásticos, fijan la camisa a unos soportes, orificios o anillas mediante atado o con unos ganchos. 20. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral and elastic straps, fix the shirt to supports, holes or rings by means of tied or with hooks.
21. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los bordes laterales superiores de la camisa se deslizan mediante rodillos en unos canales dispuestos sobre los laterales del barco.21. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper side edges of the jacket slide by rollers in channels arranged on the sides of the boat.
22. Método reductor de la resistencia de fricción de los fluidos sobre la superficie de barcos y aviones que consiste en cubrir la zona sumergida del casco de los barcos o fuselaje de los aviones, incluyendo el puro, las alas y aletas de control, con una camisa o malla, cuya superficie externa presenta unas características o elementos que retrasan el desprendimiento de la capa límite, reduciendo la turbulencia y por tanto la resistencia de fricción de los fluidos, disponiendo de unas poleas, cables, motores o tornos de extensión y otros de retracción, y de unos tirantes de sujeción. 22. Method of reducing the frictional resistance of fluids on the surface of ships and airplanes, which consists of covering the submerged area of the hull of ships or airframe of airplanes, including cigar, wings and control fins, with a shirt or mesh, whose external surface has characteristics or elements that delay the detachment of the boundary layer, reducing turbulence and therefore the friction resistance of fluids, having pulleys, cables, motors or extension lathes and others of retraction, and some support braces.
PCT/ES2008/000173 2007-12-27 2008-03-27 System and method for reducing the frictional resistance of fluids on the surface of boats and aircraft WO2009083622A1 (en)

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CN109625154A (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-04-16 武汉大学 A kind of bionical microcavity drag reduction structures
RU2724025C1 (en) * 2019-05-30 2020-06-18 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Центральный аэрогидродинамический институт имени профессора Н.Е. Жуковского" (ФГУП "ЦАГИ") Model for investigating aircraft landing on water
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DE102013214075A1 (en) 2013-07-18 2015-01-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Fabric with polymer layer
JP2019510662A (en) * 2015-12-23 2019-04-18 ライニッシェ フリードリヒ−ヴィルヘルム ウニヴェルズィテート ボン Lattice structure for stable gas retention under liquid

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