WO2007122770A1 - 透過x線を用いた三次元定量方法 - Google Patents
透過x線を用いた三次元定量方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007122770A1 WO2007122770A1 PCT/JP2006/324170 JP2006324170W WO2007122770A1 WO 2007122770 A1 WO2007122770 A1 WO 2007122770A1 JP 2006324170 W JP2006324170 W JP 2006324170W WO 2007122770 A1 WO2007122770 A1 WO 2007122770A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
- G01N23/087—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays using polyenergetic X-rays
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a three-dimensional quantification method using transmitted X-rays for measuring a three-dimensional distribution of the weight ratio and density of a plurality of elements and Z or compounds contained in an object to be measured.
- Non-destructive inspection apparatuses and medical imaging apparatuses using transmitted X-rays are conventionally known.
- the nondestructive inspection apparatus described in Patent Document 1 is an apparatus that measures the thickness of an object to be measured having a material force different from that of the base material provided on or inside the base material.
- the X-rays to be measured are set so that the peak in the entire spectrum is at the wavelength near the absorption edge of the element of the object to be measured, and the thickness of the object to be measured is determined based on the intensity of the transmitted X-ray at the wavelength near the absorption edge. I am trying to calculate. More specifically, the X-ray intensities after passing through the substrate and the object to be measured are measured in the vicinity of the high energy (short wavelength) side of the absorption edge and the low energy (long wavelength) side of the absorption edge, respectively. The strength value, the linear absorption coefficient of the measurement object near the high energy side of the absorption edge, and the linear absorption coefficient force of the measurement object near the low energy side of the absorption edge are derived.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for obtaining the content of a specific element in an alloy when the object to be measured is an alloy. In this method, only the content of a specific element is obtained. The content of other elements cannot be obtained.
- the method uses an equation that uses a linear absorption coefficient that expresses the rate of attenuation of X-rays per unit length of the substance !, so the influence on the density of elements other than the specific element is taken into account. In addition, the calculation accuracy of the content ratio of the specific element is low.
- CT computer tomography
- a conventional apparatus reproduces a three-dimensional image by expressing the difference in density of the internal substance of the object to be measured as a shading or as a color difference, and the elements contained in the object to be measured are reproduced. It is not possible to measure the three-dimensional concentration distribution of compounds.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11 287643
- the present invention has been made in view of these points, and an object of the present invention is to know or estimate the types of a plurality of elements and compounds contained in the object to be measured. In this case, it is to provide a three-dimensional determination method using transmission X-rays that can measure the three-dimensional distribution of the weight ratio and density of each element.
- a first invention made to solve the above-described problems is an X-ray irradiation means for irradiating a measured object with divergent X-rays or parallel bundle X-rays in a predetermined energy range, and transmitting the measured object.
- X-ray detection means in which energy-discriminable micro-X-ray detection elements for detecting transmitted X-rays or direct X-rays that do not pass through are arranged in a two-dimensional manner, and based on detection signals from the X-ray detection means.
- a signal processing circuit for obtaining X-ray intensity data of transmitted X-rays or direct X-rays for each micro-detecting element, and the object to be measured and the X about the axis orthogonal to or oblique to the X-ray incident on the object to be measured.
- Rotational scanning means for rotating one of the object to be measured and the X-ray irradiation means and the X-ray detection means by a predetermined rotation angle so that the relative position between the X-ray irradiation means and the X-ray detection means changes.
- the type in the measured object is known or estimated
- a three-dimensional quantification method using transmission X-rays for measuring the three-dimensional distribution of the weight ratio and density of the contained element and Z or the contained compound,
- the measured intensity ratio to the direct X-ray intensity without passing through the measurement object with the same energy as the transmission X-ray intensity transmitted through the measurement object.
- the simultaneous equations are set up with the same number or more as the total number of elements and Z or compounds whose weight ratio is unknown in each of the one to a plurality of three-dimensional unit regions, and the density and the density.
- the transmitted X-rays that have passed through the object to be measured and the direct X-rays that do not pass through are detected by the X-ray detection means, and the X-ray intensity data force obtained thereby is calculated to calculate the measured intensity ratio.
- the weight ratio and density of each element and Z or each compound in each three-dimensional unit region are obtained, and thereby the three-dimensional element and Z or compound contained in the measured object. It is characterized by measuring the distribution.
- a second invention made to solve the above-mentioned problems is an X-ray irradiation means for irradiating a DUT with a divergent X-ray or a parallel bundle X-ray in a predetermined energy range, and transmitting the DUT.
- X-ray detection means in which energy-discriminable micro-X-ray detection elements for detecting transmitted X-rays are arranged in a two-dimensional manner, and for each micro-detection element based on detection signals from the X-ray detection means
- a signal processing circuit for obtaining X-ray intensity data of transmitted X-rays, and the object to be measured, the X-ray irradiation means, and the X-ray detection means about an axis orthogonal to or oblique to the X-ray incident on the object to be measured;
- an X-ray measuring apparatus comprising a rotation scanning means for rotating one of the object to be measured and the X-ray irradiation means and the X-ray detection means by a predetermined rotation angle so that the relative position of the object changes.
- the weight ratio in each of the one to a plurality of three-dimensional unit regions is combined with a formula indicating that the sum of the weight ratios of each element and Z or compound in each of the one to a plurality of three-dimensional unit regions is 1. Dense with the number of elements and Z or compounds with unknown Set the number of simultaneous equations more than the total number of degrees,
- the transmitted X-ray transmitted through the object to be measured is detected by the X-ray detection means, and the measured transmitted X-ray intensity ratio is calculated from the X-ray intensity data obtained thereby and applied to the simultaneous equations.
- the third invention made to solve the above-mentioned problem is an X-ray irradiating means for irradiating the measured object with divergent X-rays or parallel bundle X-rays in a predetermined energy range, and transmitting the measured object.
- An X-ray detection means in which minute X-ray detection elements capable of energy discrimination for detecting transmitted X-rays or direct X-rays that do not pass through are arranged in a two-dimensional manner, and based on detection signals from the X-ray detection means.
- a signal processing circuit that obtains X-ray intensity data of transmitted X-rays or direct X-rays for each minute detection element, and the object to be measured and the X centered on an axis that is orthogonal or oblique to the incident X-rays to the object to be measured.
- a rotation scanning means for rotating one of the object to be measured and the X-ray irradiation means and the X-ray detection means by a predetermined rotation angle so that the relative position between the X-ray irradiation means and the X-ray detection means changes.
- the type in the measured object is known Measuring the weight ratio and three-dimensional distribution of the density of which can be estimated containing elements and z or each compound, a three-dimensional quantitative method using a transmitted X-ray, Considering the difference in area between the entrance surface and the exit surface when X-rays pass through the object to be measured, the size of the detection surface of the micro X-ray detection element, and the scanning angle by the rotary scanning means Assuming a three-dimensional unit area that is a cube of the object, it is assumed that the object to be measured is three-dimensionally partitioned into a number of three-dimensional unit areas,
- the element contained in the object to be measured and z or the element having an absorption edge in the compound for each rotational scan and each For each minute X-ray detection element, the measured transmission X-ray intensity ratio at the energy on both sides across the absorption edge of each element and one to a plurality of three-dimensional unit regions existing in the range that passes through the object to be measured Establish an equation consisting of the mass absorption coefficient of all the elements contained and the theoretical X-ray intensity ratio expressed in terms of weight ratio and density.
- One or more three-dimensional unit regions that exist within the range of the measured intensity ratio of the direct X-ray intensity and the intensity of the X-ray that does not transmit through the object to be measured.
- the transmitted X-ray transmitted through the object to be measured is detected by the X-ray detection means and does not pass through the object to be measured.
- ⁇ Direct X-ray is detected by the X-ray detection means, and the X-ray intensity obtained thereby
- the weight ratio and density of each element and Z or each compound in each three-dimensional unit region are calculated. And measuring the three-dimensional distribution of elements and Z or compounds contained in the object to be measured.
- divergent X-ray is a point-like or equivalent X-ray irradiation means force
- parallel bundle X-ray is planar or equivalent X-ray irradiation power of the shape X-rays are emitted almost in parallel and hardly spread Refers to cases.
- a micro X-ray detection element capable of energy discrimination is arranged in a two-dimensional manner as X-ray detection means. 3D that enables two-dimensional measurement by using the object, and further adds one dimension to the above two-dimensional measurement by rotating one of the set of the object to be measured or X-ray irradiation means and X-ray detection means It enables original measurement. Then, it is assumed that the object to be measured is composed of a large number of minute three-dimensional unit area forces, and X-rays incident on the object to be measured pass through multiple three-dimensional unit areas and exit from the opposite surface to detect X-rays.
- the first invention uses the measured intensity ratio between transmitted X-rays that have passed through the object to be measured and direct X-rays that have not passed through, while the second invention uses the energy before and after the absorption edge of each element.
- the third invention uses the intensity ratio of transmitted X-rays, the third invention changes the X-ray intensity ratio to be used depending on whether each element has an absorption edge.
- the types of a plurality of elements and Z or compounds contained in the object to be measured are known, or If the estimation can be made with high accuracy, a three-dimensional distribution of the weight ratio and density of each element and Z or each compound can be obtained with high accuracy.
- the internal structure and composition of the object to be measured can be three-dimensionally imaged with high accuracy in a non-destructive manner, and can be used in a wide range of fields such as industrial inspection and medical diagnosis.
- the three-dimensional quantification method according to the first invention can be applied to a wide range in which almost no restrictions are imposed on the elements that can be quantified because the absorption edge is not used.
- the three-dimensional quantification method of the second invention since the absorption edge of each element is used, the kind of element is limited, but more accurate quantification is possible.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a basic measurement system of a quantification method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an energy spectrum when the contained element does not have an absorption edge.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an energy spectrum when the contained element has an absorption edge.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a transmission X-ray measurement apparatus used when performing three-dimensional quantification according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining a three-dimensional quantification method according to the present example.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining a three-dimensional quantification method according to the present example.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a transmission X-ray measurement apparatus used when performing three-dimensional quantification according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining a three-dimensional quantification method according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a basic measurement system for obtaining an average content and density of an object to be measured.
- X-rays 2 emitted from an X-ray source 1 such as an X-ray tube are irradiated onto a minute object 3 and transmitted X-rays transmitted through the object 3 are incident on an X-ray detector 4.
- X-ray source 1 is capable of emitting X-rays in a predetermined energy range instead of a single wavelength, and X-ray detector 4 is capable of detection corresponding to this energy range.
- an electrical signal corresponding to the energy of the incident X-ray is generated, and this detection signal is input to the detection signal processing unit 5 and first amplified by the preamplifier 51.
- the signal at this time is a stepped voltage pulse signal as shown in FIG.
- the height of each step of this signal corresponds to the energy of each element contained in DUT 3.
- This voltage pulse signal is input to a proportional amplifier 52 including a waveform shaping circuit, and is shaped into an appropriately shaped pulse having a wave height corresponding to the height of each step.
- the multi-channel analyzer 53 discriminates each pulse for each energy according to the peak value of the input pulse signal, and then counts each discriminated pulse.
- the energy to be discriminated by the multi-channel analyzer 53 is set to an external force, and a value corresponding to the X-ray intensity of transmitted X-rays of arbitrary energy is output to the data processing unit 6.
- the data processing unit 6 calculates the weight ratio and density of each element and Z or each compound in the DUT 3 by performing a calculation process as described later on the actual measurement data of the X-ray intensity value. Put out.
- the DUT 3 includes a plurality of elements, specifically, five types of elements a, b, c, d, and e, and these types are known.
- various elements generally have their own absorption edge for X-rays.
- the energy range of X-rays emitted from X-ray source 1 and the energy detectable by X-ray detector 4 Since the range is not limited, there may be cases where the absorption edge of the five elements a to e is included in the measurable energy range as a measurement target, or not. In the former case, quantification using the absorption edge is possible, and in the latter case, the absorption edge cannot be used for quantification. Therefore, both are considered separately.
- [0021] [1] When using intensity ratio of transmitted X-ray and direct X-ray
- the measured intensity of the direct X-ray is also used. Therefore, in FIG. 1, X-rays can be directly detected by the same X-ray detector 4 before or after the transmitted X-ray measurement. Force to measure X-rays directly while moving the object 3 to be measured, or another energy discriminating to the position where X-rays from the X-ray source 1 are directly incident without passing through the object 3 An X-ray detector 4 'is installed, and X-rays are directly measured by the X-ray detector 4' in parallel with the transmission X-rays being measured by the X-ray detector 4.
- a two-dimensional detector is used, and if the X-ray intensity is directly measured by the method described later, the X-ray intensity can be directly measured by moving the measured object separately, or another detector can be used. There is no need to install it.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a spectrum of transmitted X-rays and direct X-rays.
- X-rays are generally absorbed when passing through the object 3 to be measured, so the transmitted X-ray intensity is lower than the direct X-ray intensity.
- the X-ray absorption is caused by the plurality of elements. It is the sum of absorption. Therefore, the X-ray intensity (for example, I, 11 1) is directly applied to each of the different energies (for example, El, E2) equal to or more than the types of elements contained in the object to be measured.
- the object to be measured 3 contains not only elements but also compounds of known types, the following is performed.
- the compound to be measured includes a compound of a known type, for example, compound a instead of element a.
- the known type means that the content ratio and density of all the constituent elements of the compound a are known.
- the constituent elements of compound a are al, a2, a3.
- the weights w, w and w of these constituent elements are known, in the above formulas (1) to (3), instead of (/ z / if a In
- Substituting, and the density p thickness and weight ratio of the compound a is the formula that replaces the element a with the compound a as it is / ⁇ / ⁇ , (/ ⁇ w, (/ ⁇ w Is the al a2 a3 definition above,
- Equation (1) is
- equations (2) and (3) are similarly modified.
- the mass absorption coefficient at each energy of various elements is known. For example, it is stored in a database or a table in advance. It can be stored in the device.
- the direct X-ray intensity and transmitted X-ray intensity at each energy can be regarded as known because they can be obtained by actual measurement as described above.
- the total thickness t of the mixture (or compound) can be made known by separately measuring it in advance. Therefore, each element and m
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a transmission X-ray spectrum of the element a.
- the transmitted X-ray intensity changes abruptly before and after the energy Ea corresponding to the absorption edge wavelength.
- the absorption edge wavelength is unique to the element, other elements b, c, d and e other than the element a do not have an absorption edge at the same energy Ea. Therefore, by using this intensity ratio, it is possible to perform highly accurate measurement with high sensitivity to the change in the weight ratio of element a.
- the theoretical transmission X-ray intensity ratio that can be calculated using the mass absorption coefficient, and the theoretical transmission X-ray intensity ratio that can be calculated using the mass absorption coefficient of the other coexisting elements before and after the absorption edge, Forces can also be set up as follows.
- the X-ray intensity of direct X-rays with respect to the energy before and after the absorption edge hardly changes and is considered to be equal.
- ln (l / 1) [ ⁇ ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) ⁇ ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) ⁇ -w + ⁇ ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) ⁇ ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) ⁇ 'w + ⁇ + ⁇
- the equation is applied by applying the same concept as in the case where the absorption edge described above is not used. It needs to be deformed.
- the mass absorption coefficient at each energy is known for the elements a, b, ..., e (or the constituent elements al, a2, a3). Or it can be stored in a memory device as a table. Also, the measured transmission X-ray intensity ratios I / 1, 1/1, ... before and after the absorption edge of the elements a, b, ..., e (or any of the constituent elements al, a2, a3) , ⁇ / 1
- Eah Eal Ebh Ebl Eeh Eel etc. can be regarded as known because they can be obtained by actual measurement as described above.
- the total thickness t of the mixture (or compound) is
- the average weight ratio and density of elements or compounds whose types in the object to be measured 3 are known are obtained by any one of the above [1], [2] or [3]. be able to. It should be noted that the same technique can be applied if it is possible to estimate even if the contained elements and compounds are not known. There is no problem because it is determined that the weight ratio is zero or so small that the weight ratio can be regarded as zero when it is estimated that it is contained but not contained. Conversely, if it is estimated that the element 3 contained in the DUT 3 is not included, this will be an error. Therefore, it is possible to list all the elements that may be included in this respect, but it should be noted that the number of equations must be increased accordingly, and the work becomes complicated. is there.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of a transmission X-ray measurement apparatus for performing three-dimensional quantification according to the present invention. Components that are the same as or equivalent to those in the configuration shown in FIG.
- the parallel bundle X-ray 12 that is emitted from the planar X-ray source 11 and travels substantially parallel along the Z-axis direction has a three-dimensional shape.
- the transmitted X-rays irradiated on 13 and transmitted through the object to be measured 13 are incident on 14-dimensional two-dimensional X-ray detectors having a flat detection surface.
- the two-dimensional X-ray detector 14 has a number of micro X-ray detector elements 14a that can directly detect X-rays in a predetermined wavelength range arranged in two dimensions in the vertical and horizontal directions (X-axis direction and Y-axis direction).
- a direct X-ray detection type CCD element can be used, and a CCD detector can be used.
- the X-ray source 11 has a single wavelength (that is, a single energy) in the same manner as the X-ray source 1. It is possible to emit X-rays in a predetermined energy range instead of (1).
- each minute X-ray detection element on which transmitted X-rays and straight X-rays are incident generates an electrical signal corresponding to the wavelength of the X-rays, that is, energy.
- the detection signals generated by the micro X-ray detection elements 14a at different positions on the detection surface of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 14 are transmitted from the respective elements existing at different positions on the object 13 to be measured. Contains information. Therefore, here, the detection signal processing unit 5 provides the data processing unit 6 with values corresponding to the intensity of transmitted X-rays and the intensity of linear X-rays received for each minute X-ray detection element 14a of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 14. give.
- the object 13 to be measured placed on the sample stage 15 is rotated by a predetermined rotation angle ⁇ around the axis S orthogonal to the incident X-ray by the scanning rotation driving unit 16 under the control of the control unit 8. Scanned.
- the force that rotates the object 13 to be measured is paired with the axis S. It may be rotated to the center.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view in the YZ plane at the passage position of the parallel bundle X-ray 12 in FIG.
- such a modeled object 13 ′ is rotated by a predetermined scanning rotation angle ⁇ around the S axis, so that transmitted X-rays that reach the two-dimensional X-ray detector 14 pass through the tertiary.
- the combination of original unit areas changes. Therefore, each time the DUT 13 ′ is rotated by the scanning rotation angle ⁇ , X-rays are detected by the minute X-ray detection elements 14a, and then the detection signal processing unit 5 discriminates the energy El and E2 to detect the X-rays. Count line strength.
- the transmitted X-rays detected by a certain minute X-ray detection element 14a located at (X, y) are L three-dimensional unit regions in the object 13 '. It is assumed that (1, m, n), (2, m, n), ..., (L, m, n) has been transmitted.
- direct X-rays can be obtained by measurement using the same micro X-ray detection element 14a as that for transmission X-rays in the absence of the object 13 to be measured between the X-ray source 11 and the two-dimensional X-ray detector 14.
- Measurement can be performed simultaneously with transmitted X-rays by a minute X-ray detection element 14a located at any ( ⁇ ′, y ′).
- the X-ray source 11 is the same and the X-ray passage path length is different, only the presence or absence of the object 13 to be measured is different. Any X-ray flux of incident X-rays can be considered to have the same energy distribution. If the distance between the X-ray source 11 and each micro X-ray detection element 14a is different, correction is made so that the micro X-ray detector 14 detects all transmitted X-rays at the position where all transmitted X-rays are detected. The direct X-ray intensity detected by the minute X-ray detection element 14a at this position ( ⁇ ′, y ′) can be made to correspond to the X-ray detection element 14a.
- the direct X-ray intensity at different scanning rotation angles also does not change the positional relationship between the X-ray source 11 and the two-dimensional X-ray detector 14, so the micro X-ray detection element at this position ( ⁇ ', y')
- the direct X-ray intensity detected by 14a can be used, and direct X-ray measurements need only be made once at a certain angle.
- Such arithmetic processing is executed in the data processing unit 6.
- the arrangement of the three-dimensional unit region of the object 13 ′ to be measured set with respect to the initial value of the scanning rotation and a plurality of three-dimensional unit regions through which incident X-rays pass at each rotational scanning position. It is also possible to transform the relationship into the form of the above formulas (8) and (9).
- the simultaneous equations are solved by performing numerical calculations such as the least square method, and the solution of the contained elements and Z or compound for each three-dimensional unit region is obtained by obtaining the solution. Find the weight ratio and density.
- ln (l / 1) ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) ⁇ ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) ⁇ -w + ⁇ ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) ⁇ ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) x, y, ⁇ l, Ea x, y , ⁇ l, Eal aEal aEa a, l, m, n bEal bEa
- the weight ratio and density of the element and Z or compound for each three-dimensional unit region can be obtained by establishing a simultaneous equation consisting of a predetermined number of equations and solving them.
- the simultaneous equations are two types of force, and the other methods are the same as above. That is, by establishing a simultaneous equation consisting of a predetermined number of equations and solving it, the weight ratio and density of the element and Z or compound for each three-dimensional unit region can be obtained.
- the X-ray image of the object to be measured 13 is projected on the detection surface of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 14 as an enlarged image.
- the area of X-rays incident on the object to be measured 13 is different from the area of the emitted X-rays, and the X-ray spreads inside the object to be measured 13. It is necessary to determine the size of the three-dimensional unit area in consideration. Further, since the direction of the incident X-ray with respect to the object to be measured 13 is not necessarily orthogonal to the rotation axis S, the arrangement (combination) of the three-dimensional unit regions when passing through the object to be measured 13 changes.
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CN2006800539754A CN101405597B (zh) | 2006-04-13 | 2006-12-04 | 使用透过x射线的三维定量方法 |
US12/297,142 US7813470B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2006-12-04 | Three-dimensional contents determination method using transmitted x-ray |
JP2008511944A JP4614001B2 (ja) | 2006-04-13 | 2006-12-04 | 透過x線を用いた三次元定量方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101405597A (zh) | 2009-04-08 |
US20100172470A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
US7813470B2 (en) | 2010-10-12 |
JPWO2007122770A1 (ja) | 2009-08-27 |
JP4614001B2 (ja) | 2011-01-19 |
CN101405597B (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
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