WO2006038467A1 - 六方晶系ウルツ鉱型単結晶、その製造方法、および六方晶系ウルツ鉱型単結晶基板 - Google Patents
六方晶系ウルツ鉱型単結晶、その製造方法、および六方晶系ウルツ鉱型単結晶基板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006038467A1 WO2006038467A1 PCT/JP2005/017398 JP2005017398W WO2006038467A1 WO 2006038467 A1 WO2006038467 A1 WO 2006038467A1 JP 2005017398 W JP2005017398 W JP 2005017398W WO 2006038467 A1 WO2006038467 A1 WO 2006038467A1
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- Prior art keywords
- single crystal
- hexagonal wurtzite
- crystal
- concentration
- growth
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 370
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 212
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004729 solvothermal method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 15
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 11
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 9
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneindigane Chemical compound [In]#N NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010897 surface acoustic wave method Methods 0.000 description 3
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000172533 Viola sororia Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005515 acousto electric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/16—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B7/00—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions
- C30B7/10—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions by application of pressure, e.g. hydrothermal processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hexagonal wurtzite type single crystal, a method for producing the same, and a hexagonal wurtzite type single crystal substrate.
- Hexagonal crystals have three crystallographic axes, three a-axes forming 120 ° in a regular hexagonal plane and c-axis perpendicular to them.
- the plane perpendicular to the c-axis is called the c-plane
- the plane parallel to the c-axis and any a-axis is called the m-plane
- the plane parallel to the c-axis and perpendicular to the arbitrary a-axis is called the a-plane.
- Fig. 1 shows the atomic structure of the crystal structure and the wurtzite structure found in the compounds represented by AX (A is a positive element and X is a negative element) in the hexagonal system.
- a atom and X atom are close to the hexagonal close-packed structure, respectively, and the A atom has four X atoms coordinated in a tetrahedral shape, and conversely, the X atom also has four A atoms in a regular tetrahedron. Coordinated to the body shape.
- the direction parallel to the c axis as shown in Fig. 1 (a), where X is directly above A, is + c, and directly above X as shown in Fig. 1 (b).
- the direction with A is called c
- the c plane is perpendicular to the c axis
- the + c and c directions are (0001) planes, respectively.
- the wurtzite structure has polarity in the c-axis direction. It is known to have a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Examples of such compounds include wurtzite, zinc oxide (ZnS), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum nitride (A1N), and nitride. Gallium (GaN) And indium nitride (InN).
- Hexagonal wurtzite type single crystal growth methods include vapor phase method, liquid phase method, and melt method.
- the vapor phase method and melt method each has a high defect density and very high pressure for growth.
- drawbacks such as requiring high temperatures.
- the liquid phase method is characterized in that high-quality crystals with a low defect density can be obtained at a relatively low temperature.
- the solvothermal method is suitable for high-quality crystal growth with low concentrations of defects and impurities.
- the solvothermal method is a general term for a method of obtaining a single crystal by charging a raw material and a seed crystal in a container holding a supercritical solvent, and dissolving and reprecipitating the raw material using a temperature difference.
- water is water
- hydrothermal method when it is water, it is called hydrothermal method
- ammonia when it is ammonia, it is called a monothermal method.
- Negative elements one of the elements that form hexagonal wurtzite crystals, are molecular gases such as nitrogen and oxygen, or volatile elements such as sulfur and selenium, and are composed of positive elements during crystal growth. It is difficult to maintain a stoichiometric ratio.
- the solvothermal method is characterized in that crystal growth is possible in an environment containing negative element components in a sealed high-pressure vessel. Even in this environment, the occurrence of defects in which negative elements are missing in the crystal is suppressed. It is difficult to suppress the occurrence of problems caused by this.
- a single crystal of zinc oxide has a crystal structure of a hexagonal wurtzite type compound as described above, and is a semiconductor having a large forbidden band width (Eg: 3.37 eV) by direct transition.
- the exciton binding energy ZnO: 60 meV
- other semiconductor materials GaN: 21 meV, ZnSe: 20 meV
- ZnO zinc oxide
- O has oxygen vacancies! / ⁇ has the property of easily forming defects such as interstitial zinc and easily becoming n-type and not p-type.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes the growth of ZnO single crystals by a hydrothermal method.
- a ZnO sintered body is formed in the lower part of the crystal growth vessel, and ZnO seeds are also grown.
- the crystals are placed on the top of the growth vessel, respectively, and then charged with an aqueous alkaline solvent (hereinafter referred to as “alkaline solvent”) composed of KOH and LiOH.
- alkaline solvent aqueous alkaline solvent
- the lower temperature is 10 to A single crystal of ZnO is grown by operating at 15 ° C.
- Conductivity is a 10- 8 ⁇ 10- 1 () 1 ⁇ ' cm, electric conductivity Shirubedo is not less suitable for use as an acoustoelectric element. For this reason, the electrical conductivity is improved by depositing Zn on the surface of the ZnO single crystal obtained in this way to make the Zn excess.
- Patent Document 1 describes that a piezoelectric semiconductor made of ZnO single crystal having a maximum diameter of about 1 inch, in which ZnO is doped with a trivalent metal such as A1, is described.
- Semiconductive material is 5 ⁇ 120ppm doped trivalent metal, an electric conductivity of 10- 3 ⁇ : L0- 6 are to be ⁇ ⁇ 'cm.
- a ZnO sintered material is placed in the raw material filling portion at the bottom of the growth vessel, a ZnO seed crystal is placed in the crystal growth portion at the top of the growth vessel, and an alkaline solvent is used.
- a method of growing a ZnO single crystal under hydrothermal conditions by adjusting the temperature in the container so that the temperature of the raw material filling part is higher than the temperature of the crystal growth part, and containing HO in the alkaline solution.
- a ZnO single crystal is prepared by mixing.
- doping of a trivalent metal can improve the electrical conductivity of the entire single crystal as well as the vicinity of the crystal surface of the ZnO single crystal, and can improve the uniformity of the electrical conductivity.
- the mobility (carrier mobility) of the ZnO single crystal described in Patent Document 1 is 30 cm 2 / V 'sec or more, preferably 60 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec or more.
- Non-Patent Document 1 "Growth Kinetics and Morphology of Hydrothermal ZnO Single Crystals” (Noboru Sakagami, Masanobu Wada Ceramic Industry Association 82 [8] 1974)
- Non-Patent Document 2 E. Oshima et al, Journal of Crystal Growth 260 (2004) 166-170
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-6-90036
- the cutting force is measured in a specific direction to form a plate-like single crystal having a thickness of several hundreds / zm to about 5 mm, and it is generally used after surface processing and polishing.
- a substrate cut out into a plate shape to form a desired element from a single crystal is referred to as a substrate.
- a substrate is cut from a single crystal with a crystal plane perpendicular to a certain growth axis or a tilt of several degrees. This inclination is optimized in accordance with the growth conditions in order to adjust the properties typified by the flatness of the surface after thin film growth. Therefore, the substrate having the intended inclination is used for the same purpose as that having a specific crystal plane.
- [0024] is characterized in that the front and back are integrated.
- the front and back are integrated.
- the target element formation process depends on the target element formation process.
- the growth conditions have been studied and optimized in consideration of the polarity of the surface on which the growth is performed.
- the arrangement of the next element is easy to control because there are a number of broken bonds from a single element on the surface of different polarities, and on the c-plane perpendicular to the c-axis direction.
- Thin film growth is generally performed.
- the polarity of the c-plane serving as the growth substrate can be easily selected. Forces As in the solvothermal method, the growth of a large single crystal to cut out the substrate proceeds simultaneously on both sides of the seed crystal (seed crystal), so the polarity cannot be selected. That is, it grows on the (0001) plane of the seed crystal in one single crystal + c and the seed crystal
- Non-Patent Document 1 in a ZnO single crystal that is a typical hexagonal wurtzite crystal, for example, lithium (Li) in an alkaline solvent used in hydrothermal synthesis is more than in the + c region.
- the reason is that the —c region is more abundant and the reason is that in the crystal structure of ZnO, the c region is more likely to adsorb impurities with more defects than the + c region.
- the negative element X that forms the surface in the c region suppresses the generation of vacancies that cause missing elements on the crystal growth surface where there are many molecular gases such as nitrogen and oxygen or volatile elements such as sulfur and selenium. This is thought to be due to the difficulty.
- a c-plane substrate is obtained by cutting a substrate from such a single crystal
- the variation in impurity concentration in the single crystal is caused by the difference in the cut-out site between the c region and the + c region. It will be reflected in the variation.
- an a-plane substrate or an m-plane substrate results in variations in impurity concentration in the c-axis direction within the same substrate plane. This variation in impurity concentration affects electrical characteristics such as color and light absorption in optical applications, dielectric constants in dielectric applications, carrier concentration and mobility in semiconductor applications, and causes variations in product elements. It needs to be avoided.
- the impurity concentration should be uniform within the same single crystal. Control is desired.
- an a-plane or m-plane substrate it is essential to make the in-plane distribution of impurity concentration uniform within the same substrate.
- Hexagonal wurtzite type single crystal and substrate in particular ZnO, GaN, InN and InGaN Mixed crystals and the like are expected to be used for light emitting devices.
- a strong electric field is applied in the crystal due to the presence of polarity, and spatial separation of electrons and holes occurs.
- carrier injection is increased, the efficiency is lowered, and there is a problem that light emission is shifted to the longer wavelength side.
- use a non-polar surface with positive and negative elements on the surface that is, m-plane or a-plane! A large substrate with uniform impurity concentration was obtained!
- ELO Epiaxial Lateral Overgrown
- a substrate having an m-plane or a-plane GaN surface In these substrates, the generation of defects due to differences in the crystal systems of sapphire and GaN and the difference in lattice constants affected the device characteristics and became a major problem.
- Non-Patent Document 2 describes that crystal growth was performed using a seed crystal having a large m-plane area. However, Non-Patent Document 2 details the crystal growth conditions. Is not listed.
- the present inventors have surprisingly used a solvothermal method under specific conditions.
- the present inventors have found that a type single crystal can be obtained and have reached the present invention.
- the obtained hexagonal wurtzite type single crystal was found to be an extremely useful crystal in the industry with a very low impurity concentration and a small variation in the in-plane impurity concentration in the c-axis direction.
- ZnO it was found that an unprecedented large-sized ZnO single crystal having a diameter of 2 inches or more can be grown, and the characteristics of the obtained ZnO single crystal are also extremely low in the concentration of trace metals in the crystal.
- the crystal was extremely useful in the industry with small in-plane variation in the c-axis direction.
- the present invention relates to a hexagonal wurtzite represented by AX (A is a positive element, X is a negative element) obtained by crystal growth from a columnar seed crystal at least on the m-plane.
- AX is a positive element
- X is a negative element
- Type compound single crystal among metals other than positive element A, the concentration of divalent metal and trivalent metal is 10 ppm or less respectively, and the concentration of divalent metal and trivalent metal
- the present invention also relates to a hexagonal wurtzite compound single crystal represented by AX (A is a positive element, X is a negative element) obtained by growing crystals at least on the m-plane from a columnar seed crystal.
- AX is a positive element
- X is a negative element
- the concentrations of iron (Fe), aluminum (A1) and magnesium (Mg) are 10 ppm or less, respectively, and iron (Fe), aluminum (A1) and Provided is a hexagonal wurtzite compound single crystal characterized in that variation in magnesium (Mg) concentration is within 100%.
- the present invention provides a hexagonal wurtzite compound single crystal represented by AX (A is a positive element, X is a negative element) obtained by crystal growth of at least the m-plane from a columnar seed crystal.
- a hexagonal wurtzite type single crystal is provided, which is characterized in that the variation in the concentration of metals other than the positive element A and having a concentration of 0.1 to 50 ppm is within 100%.
- the present invention is a hexagonal wurtzite single crystal substrate represented by AX (A is a positive element, X is a negative element) having a substantial a-plane or substantial m-plane on the surface, Positive element Among metals other than A, the concentration of divalent metal and trivalent metal is 10 ppm or less, respectively, and the variation in concentration of divalent metal and trivalent metal is 100% or less.
- a hexagonal wurtzite-type single crystal substrate is provided.
- the present invention also relates to a hexagonal wurtzite single crystal substrate represented by AX (A is a positive element, X is a negative element) having a substantial a-plane or a substantial m-plane on the surface,
- AX is a positive element
- X is a negative element
- the concentrations of iron (Fe), aluminum (A1), and magnesium (Mg) are ⁇ m or less, respectively, and the concentrations of iron (Fe), aluminum (A1), and magnesium (Mg)
- a hexagonal wurtzite-type single crystal substrate is provided, which has a variation of 100% or less.
- the present invention also relates to a hexagonal wurtzite single crystal substrate represented by AX (A is a positive element, X is a negative element) having a substantial a-plane or substantial m-plane on the surface, and is positive.
- AX is a positive element
- X is a negative element
- hexagonal wurtzite type single crystal substrate characterized in that the concentration distribution of a metal other than element A and having a concentration in the a-plane or m-plane of 0.1 to 50 ppm is within 100%.
- the term “substantially a-plane” or “substantially m-plane” as used herein includes those having an inclination of several degrees from each plane!
- the slag type single crystal substrate is preferably obtained by cutting out the above hexagonal wurtzite type single crystal.
- the present invention uses a crystal manufacturing apparatus having a raw material filling part and a crystal growth part, and the temperature of the crystal growth part is lower by 35 ° C. or more than the temperature of the raw material filling part, and the hexagonal system is formed in the crystal growth part.
- a method for producing a hexagonal wurtzite type single crystal which comprises a step of growing a wurtzite type single crystal.
- the hexagonal wurtzite type single crystal of the present invention has a low impurity concentration and excellent uniformity, it can be applied in a wide range.
- ZnO single crystal can be applied to optical properties because it has excellent transparency as an effect against low impurity concentration, and dielectric properties that utilize the characteristics of large single crystals as an effect because impurity concentration is excellent in uniformity.
- TOF PET Time of Flight Positron Emission Tomography
- TOF PET Time of Flight Positron Emission Tomography
- the hexagonal wurtzite type single crystal of the present invention in which the variation in impurity concentration between c-plane substrates cut out from the single crystal is small can be used without being affected by the cutting position.
- detection characteristics are made uniform by reducing variations in the in-plane impurity concentration, which is extremely useful.
- the m-plane or a-plane substrate cut out from the hexagonal wurtzite single crystal of the present invention has a low impurity concentration and excellent uniformity with almost no polarity, a light emitting device (LED, etc.) It can be suitably used as a substrate for a device such as a substrate.
- the hexagonal wurtzite single crystal and substrate (especially ZnO, GaN, InN, and InGaN mixed crystal) of the present invention are expected to be used for light emitting devices, but by using an m-plane or a-plane substrate, It is possible to suppress the problem of carrier separation due to the strong electric field due to the polarity of the c-plane.
- the reduction of impurities increases saturation mobility, improves oscillation characteristics, and the excellent uniformity improves the oscillation characteristics and improves reliability. There is expected.
- a single crystal substrate having a hexagonal wurtzite m-plane or a-plane surface is used, a thin film
- the growth technology is also advantageous for bonding with different hexagonal wurtzite crystals, and it is possible to obtain a substrate with a new crystal having the m-plane or a-plane as the surface.
- a substrate in which an InGaN layer or a GaN layer is formed on a ZnO substrate By forming a GaN-based light emitting element on top of this, it is possible to avoid the problem of efficiency reduction when carrier injection is increased and the problem of light emission shifting to the longer wavelength side, and to produce a large effect in practical use. is there.
- This combination can also be applied to AlGaN layers, etc., and can also be applied to more complex and multifunctional layer structures such as AlGalnN layers via InGaN layers on ZnO substrates.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an atomic arrangement of a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a single crystal growth apparatus for growing a ZnO single crystal of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cut-out view of a-plane and m-plane of Example 1 of ZnO single crystal.
- FIG. 4 is a view of the cut-out view of FIG. 3 viewed from the c-axis direction.
- FIG. 5 is a cut-out view of the m-plane of Comparative Example 1 of a ZnO single crystal.
- FIG. 6 is a cut-out view of the m-plane of Example 2 of ZnO single crystal.
- FIG. 7 is a cut-out view of the m-plane of Example 3 of ZnO single crystal.
- a numerical range expressed using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the present invention relates to a novel hexagonal wurtzite single crystal, and the production method thereof is not particularly limited. However, it is preferable to include a step of crystal growth from at least the m-plane from the columnar seed crystal, and it is preferable to manufacture by a strictly specified solvothermal method using the specified raw material.
- the hexagonal wurtzite type single crystal of the present invention tends to be easily obtained by controlling the temperature conditions during crystal growth.
- a preferred embodiment (representative example) of this production method will be described by taking ZnO as an example.
- a higher-purity ZnO powder is required as a raw material for growing a high-quality ZnO single crystal, and a material with a purity of 99.999% or more is usually required.
- the strong ZnO powder is used as a sintered body and used as a direct raw material.
- the preparation of this sintered body can greatly affect the growth of single crystals.
- the ZnO for producing the sintered body should be ZnO powder having an average particle diameter of 1 to about L0 m, and the ZnO powder should be put into a platinum form before compression and compression molded with a press or the like. As a result, generation of microcrystals during growth can be suppressed, and waste of raw materials accompanying generation of microcrystals can be avoided.
- the sintering is moderately slow and is not particularly limited as long as it is a sintering temperature at which the dissolution rate of the ZnO sintered body can be obtained, but is usually 1100 ° C to 1200 ° C in an oxidizing atmosphere. V, to do at a temperature of. Low, faster than necessary at temperature! Single-crystal quality is degraded by melting of the ZnO sintered body.
- the sintering time is not particularly limited as long as the desired dissolution rate can be obtained. Usually, sintering is performed for 1 to 2 hours. In addition, the remaining ZnO powder is transported to the crystal growth part by thermal convection and may adhere to the seed crystal, so it is necessary to take a workaround.
- the shape of the ZnO sintered body is not particularly limited and is a disc shape, a cube, A rectangular parallelepiped can be considered. Considering the uniformity of dissolution in the solvent, a spherical shape is desirable.
- a columnar seed crystal is used in the present invention.
- the shape of the seed crystal can be arbitrarily selected from a quadrangular prism shape, hexagonal column shape, cylindrical shape, etc., but the growth crystal generally reflects the shape of the seed crystal. It is preferable to change the shape of the seed crystal depending on the crystal shape.
- a hexagonal column shape or a chopped tree-shaped cuboid seed crystal long in the c-axis direction is used. It is preferable to use it.
- the length of the c-axis direction of the seed crystal is preferably 1.1 times or more of the length of the other side, more preferably twice or more, more preferably 3 times or more. It is particularly preferred.
- the shape of the grown crystal is influenced not only by the shape of the seed crystal but also by the atomic arrangement on the surface of the seed crystal, as described in JP-A-2003-221298 using a hard sphere model. . Therefore, even if a seed crystal having an a-plane is used, it is difficult to grow a crystal having an a-plane. As a result, a crystal having an m-plane is grown. Therefore, a substrate having an a-plane on the surface can be obtained by cutting out from an m-plane growth product. Thus, a desired ZnO single crystal substrate can be obtained by appropriately combining the growth surface and the surface to be cut out.
- an angular force between the c-axis of the seed crystal and the convection direction of the solvent is 0 to 180 ° (excluding 0 ° and 180 °) ), Particularly preferably 60 ° to 120 °.
- the seed crystal can be used by joining the seed crystals.
- By joining the seed crystals in this way a large seed crystal in the c-axis direction can be obtained even when selective growth in the a-axis direction occurs.
- the joining surface When joining the seed crystals, it is preferable to polish the joining surface to a smooth surface at a mirror level. It is more preferable to polish smoothly at the atomic level.
- the polishing method is not particularly limited, but can be performed by EEM processing (Elastic Emission Machining), for example.
- the abrasive used for this is not particularly limited, but SiO, Al 2 O, ZrO, etc.
- colloidal silica is preferred.
- the growth rate in the axial direction can be controlled by the growth conditions. Growth promotion in the c-axis direction is achieved by allowing potassium (K) to coexist during growth. This can be achieved by using the KOH as a solution or mineralizer (mineralizer). Also, to promote growth in the a-axis direction, Lithium (Li) is preferred. This can be achieved by using LiOH as a solution or mineralizer (mineralizer) as described above.
- crystal growth is performed by filling the above-described ZnO sintered body raw material and solvent into a growth vessel using a highly heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material.
- a highly heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material platinum (Pt) and iridium (Ir) are preferable because of their high strength and excellent extensibility and weldability.
- platinum (Pt) and iridium (Ir) are preferable because of their high strength and excellent extensibility and weldability.
- As a preferred embodiment of this growth vessel firstly, there may be mentioned one in which platinum (Pt) or iridium (Ir) is coated or internally treated.
- a crystal growth region is defined in a container surrounded by a liner having platinum (Pt) or iridium (Ir) and having a corrosion-resistant metallic force.
- a baffle plate is installed in the horizontal direction in the container, and a raw material filling portion filled with a ZnO sintered body and a crystal growth portion having a filler for arranging a ZnO seed crystal are arranged.
- Examples include a structure to partition. Platinum (Pt) or Iridium (Ir) in any part of the growth vessel, such as baffle plates and steel It is preferable to use one made of corrosion-resistant metal containing or coated with these materials.
- a seed crystal composed of a relatively small size ZnO single crystal is arranged above the container (or a crystal growth part when a baffle plate is used).
- the baffle plate preferably has an aperture ratio of 5 to 15% (excluding 5%).
- the transition speed of the crystal growth portion to the supersaturated state can be increased, and the seed crystal is dissolved.
- the supply amount of the raw material onto the baffle plate is preferably 0.3 to 3 times the dissolution amount of ZnO in the crystal growth portion.
- the supersaturation degree may be set to an appropriate range in which the intended growth rate can be obtained and the introduction of crystal defects can be prevented, but usually 1.1 to 1.5, preferably 1.2 to 1. 4.
- “supersaturation” refers to a state in which the amount of dissolution has increased more than the saturation state
- “supersaturation degree” refers to the amount of dissolution in the supersaturated state and the amount of dissolution in the saturated state.
- a ratio In the hydrothermal synthesis method, the amount of ZnO dissolved in the supersaturated state due to the transport of ZnO by the thermal convection of the raw material filling force and the amount of ZnO dissolved in the saturated state of the crystal The ratio of.
- the degree of supersaturation can be controlled by appropriately changing and selecting the density of the ZnO raw material, the baffle plate opening ratio, the temperature difference between the raw material filling portion and the crystal growth portion, and the like.
- a precipitate collection net can be provided above the place where the seed crystal is placed, that is, near the convergence point of the solvent convection.
- the role of the precipitate collection net is as follows. That is, as you go to the top of the growth vessel, the solvent convection, ie the solute transport flow, The force that will be directed to the lower temperature region The supersaturated solute in such a low temperature part is not only on the seed crystal but also on the noble metal wire that suspends the seed crystal, and tightens this noble metal wire. There is a problem that precipitates are also deposited on the inner wall of the frame and growth vessel.
- the material of the collection net is preferably a material made of a corrosion-resistant metal containing platinum (Pt) or iridium (Ir) as well as the baffle plate and the seed crystal installation wire.
- the growth vessel has a structure in which a growth vessel inner cylinder such as a liner containing platinum (Pt) or iridium (Ir) and having a corrosion-resistant metal force is sealed and installed in a vessel such as an autoclave.
- a growth vessel inner cylinder such as a liner containing platinum (Pt) or iridium (Ir) and having a corrosion-resistant metal force
- a vessel such as an autoclave.
- it is preferable to fill an appropriate amount of pressure medium so that the pressure between the liner and the photoclave portion containing platinum (Pt) or iridium (Ir), which also has a corrosion-resistant metal strength, is approximately the same as that in the liner. .
- the size of the autoclave is not limited, for example, a zinc oxide (ZnO) single crystal having a diameter of about 2 inches can be easily obtained by using a medium-sized autoclave of ⁇ 200 X 3 OOOmm.
- the pressure medium is preferably distilled water as long as it is a substance that is weakly corrosive under high temperature and pressure.
- the pressure medium that is applied generates pressure at the growth temperature depending on the filling rate with respect to the remaining internal volume (hereinafter referred to as “free internal volume”) when the growth vessel is installed in the autoclave.
- the growth vessel is protected by adjusting the filling rate of the pressure medium so that this pressure is equal to or slightly higher than the pressure in the growth vessel.
- the filling rate is preferably about 60 to 90% of the free internal volume of the autoclave.
- a pressure adjusting unit by some means capable of adjusting the pressure difference between the pressure in the growth vessel and the pressure in the auto turbulator under high temperature and high pressure during crystal growth.
- this pressure adjusting part for example, the inside of the growth vessel may be sealed. It would be nice to have a telescopic bellows attached.
- the autoclave is placed in a heating furnace, the temperature of the growth vessel is increased, and the crystal growth part and the raw material filling part are heated to a predetermined temperature. Can be done.
- the ratio of alkali solvent injection is about 60 to 90% of the free volume in the growth vessel, that is, about 60 to 90% of the volume remaining when a ZnO sintered body and baffle plate are installed in the vessel! / ,.
- the growth is preferably performed in a supercritical state at a high temperature and a high pressure (usually 300 to 400 ° C, 500 to 1000 atm).
- the present inventors tend to easily obtain a high-quality crystal with fewer impurities if the temperature difference between the crystal growth part and the temperature of the raw material filling part is increased. Found that there is. We also found that increasing the temperature difference can increase the growth rate, so that productivity is improved and it is industrially superior. Normally, increasing the temperature difference and increasing the growth rate increases the amount of impurities incorporated into the grown crystal. Therefore, in the conventional technical knowledge, it is usual to reduce the temperature difference and reduce the growth rate to perform crystal growth. Met. In the production method of the present invention, the temperature of the crystal growth part is lower by 35 ° C.
- the temperature of the raw material filling part is or more than the temperature of the raw material filling part, and a more preferable range is 40 ° C. or less.
- the maximum temperature difference is preferably 50 ° C for the above reasons.
- the temperature difference between the crystal growth part and the raw material filling part is allowed to be smaller than 35 ° C in the above process.
- the temperature of the crystal growth part is preferably 300 to 360 ° C, and the raw material filling part temperature is preferably 340 to 400 ° C.
- the crystal is grown by steady operation for 30 to 200 days, and then the heating furnace is stopped and the temperature is lowered to room temperature, and the ZnO single crystal is taken out.
- the obtained bulk single crystal can be washed with hydrochloric acid (HC1), nitric acid (HNO) or the like.
- HC1 hydrochloric acid
- HNO nitric acid
- the ZnO single crystal of the present invention preferably has a variation in the concentration of metals other than zinc and having a concentration of 0.1 to 50 ppm within 100%.
- the variation in the concentration of metals other than zinc is more preferably within 80%, even more preferably within 60%, and particularly preferably within 50%.
- the ZnO single crystal of the present invention has a divalent or trivalent metal concentration of lOppm or less, each of which has a variation of 100% or less.
- concentrations of iron, aluminum, and magnesium are each less than lOppm, and their variations are all within 100%.
- the concentration of the divalent or trivalent metal is preferably 5 ppm or less, more preferably 2 ppm or less, particularly preferably 1.5 ppm or less, and most preferably 1.3 ppm or less.
- the variation is preferably within 100%, preferably within 80%, more preferably within 60%, and even more preferably within 50%.
- concentration variation refers to the following calculation formula in which the concentration of a metal other than zinc (metal M, U) is measured in a plurality of regions, at least three arbitrary regions.
- concentration of a metal other than zinc metal M, U
- the impurity concentration difference generally tends to occur in the c-axis direction! /, so there are several areas to be measured in the c-axis direction.
- a plane perpendicular to the c-axis passing through the center of the crystal is assumed, and a region to be measured is taken approximately evenly from a region opposite to the surface. If the number of measurement areas is an odd number, center one of them.
- the concentration of each metal can be measured by a commonly used method such as ICP-MS or GDMS. Specifically, it can be measured according to a measurement method as described in the following examples.
- metals other than the positive element A in the single crystal are divalent and Z Or, when limited to trivalent metals, a more prominent variation suppression tendency is observed.
- the type of divalent and trivalent metals is not particularly limited, but is usually mainly used in hexagonal wurtzite single crystals represented by AX (A is a positive element and X is a negative element).
- metals other than positive element A iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), aluminum (A1), cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca).
- alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are preferred because they have a high diffusion rate in the crystal and lead to contamination of the device used in the device process.
- the ZnO single crystal of the present invention preferably has a concentration of a divalent metal other than zinc as the positive element A and a concentration of a trivalent metal of 1.3 ppm or less, respectively. More preferably, it is particularly preferably 0.8 ppm or less. By keeping the concentration of the divalent metal and the concentration of the trivalent metal low, there is an advantage that the transparency of the single crystal is improved and the mobility is increased.
- the ZnO single crystal of the present invention preferably has an iron (Fe) concentration of 1.3 ppm or less.
- it is 0.8 ppm or less.
- the ZnO single crystal of the present invention preferably has an aluminum (A1) concentration of 0.5 ppm or less, more preferably 0.45 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 0.4 ppm or less. I like it.
- the ZnO single crystal of the present invention preferably has a magnesium (Mg) concentration of 0.1 ppm or less, more preferably 0.008 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 0.06 ppm or less. It is preferable.
- Mg magnesium
- the lower limit of the concentration of the divalent metal other than zinc and the trivalent metal is not particularly limited, and is not limited to the case where the purpose is not to provide a special function such as conductivity. Is preferred.
- Non-Patent Document 1 the reason why ZnO crystals are included in the c region more than the lithium (Li) force + c region in an alkaline solvent used in hydrothermal synthesis, for example, is immediately In the crystal structure of ZnO, it is explained that the c region is more likely to adsorb impurities with more defects than the + c region. However, under the conditions of the hydrothermal synthesis method of ZnO single crystals as reported previously, the amount of metals other than zinc mixed in the growing crystal reached several tens of ppm. For this reason, as shown by the above formula, the bias in the metal distribution in the c region and the + c region recognized in the ZnO single crystal of the present invention could not be confirmed.
- the ZnO single crystal of the present invention as a result of avoiding the contamination of impurities as much as possible by using high-purity raw materials, the material of the growth vessel, etc., and as a result of strictly specifying the crystal growth conditions such as m-plane growth, It is considered that the distribution of trace metal components other than the above is stable.
- the distribution of the trace metal component can be stabilized during the growth of the crystal. Therefore, on the assumption that the trace metal component is included in the raw material, the driving is performed. By doing so, it is possible to suppress variation in the concentration of trace metal elements.
- the present invention is a hexagonal wurtzite single crystal substrate represented by AX (A is a positive element, X is a negative element) having a substantial a-plane or a substantial m-plane on the surface.
- AX is a positive element, X is a negative element
- the concentration of divalent metal and trivalent metal is 10 ppm or less respectively, and the variation in concentration of divalent metal and trivalent metal is both within 100%
- a hexagonal wurtzite-type single crystal substrate is provided.
- it is a hexagonal wurtzite type single crystal substrate represented by AX (A is a positive element, X is a negative element) having a substantial a-plane or a substantial m-plane on the surface.
- the concentrations of iron (Fe), aluminum (A1) and magnesium (Mg) are less than lOppm, respectively, and iron (Fe), aluminum (A1) and magnesium (Mg)
- a hexagonal wurtzite-type single crystal substrate is provided, characterized in that the variation of the concentration of! / Is within 100%. It is also a hexagonal wurtzite single crystal substrate represented by AX (A is a positive element and X is a negative element) having a substantial a-plane or a substantial m-plane on the surface.
- a hexagonal wurtzite single crystal substrate is also provided in which the concentration variation of the metal having a concentration of 0.1 to 50 ppm in the a-plane or m-plane is within 100%.
- the hexagonal wurtzite single crystal substrate of the present invention is preferably obtained by cutting out the hexagonal wurtzite single crystal. Therefore, the hexagonal wurtzite type single crystal of the present invention.
- the variation of the specific metal, concentration, and concentration of “metal other than positive element A” and Z or “divalent and trivalent metal” is the same as in the hexagonal wurtzite type single crystal of the present invention. is there.
- the cutting method is not particularly limited, and a commonly used single crystal cutting method can be appropriately selected and used.
- the substrate is cut from a single crystal with a crystal plane perpendicular to a certain growth axis or a tilt of several degrees.
- This inclination is optimized in accordance with the growth conditions in order to adjust the characteristics represented by the flatness of the surface after the thin film growth. Therefore, for this purpose, a substrate with a certain inclination is used for the same purpose as that having a specific crystal plane.
- the inclination is usually selected within a range of 5 ° or less, preferably selected within a range of 2 ° or less, and more preferably selected within a range of 1 ° or less.
- a single crystal substrate having a hexagonal wurtzite m-plane or a-plane surface it is advantageous for bonding with different hexagonal wurtzite crystals by the thin film formation technology. It is possible to obtain a substrate whose surface is the m-plane or a-plane of the crystal. For example, it is possible to obtain a substrate in which an InGaN layer or a GaN layer is formed on a ZnO substrate. Furthermore, by forming a light emitting element thereon, it is possible to avoid the problem of efficiency reduction when the carrier injection is increased and the problem of light emission shifting to the longer wavelength side, and to produce a large practical effect. . This combination can also be applied to AlGaN layers on GaN substrates, etc., and can also be applied to more complex and multifunctional layer structures such as AlGalnN layers via InGaN layers on ZnO substrates. .
- the single crystal growth apparatus 11 shown in FIG. 2 includes an autoclave 12 capable of applying the temperature and pressure required for growing a ZnO single crystal by hydrothermal synthesis, and an autoclave 12 And a growth vessel 20 that is housed and used.
- the autoclave 12 is fixed to the container body of the autoclave 12 made of, for example, high-strength steel mainly composed of iron with the cover 14 with the knock 17 interposed therebetween, and is fixed by the fixing portion 15.
- the growth vessel 20 that is housed and used in the auto-turbine 12 is made of platinum (Pt), and the shape thereof is a substantially cylindrical vessel.
- a bellows 30 acting as a pressure adjusting portion is attached to the upper portion of the growth vessel 20 in a sealed state.
- the hexagonal columnar ZnO seed crystal 3 is suspended using the frame 21 and the platinum wire 22 on the upper side in the growth vessel 20, and the raw material 26 is disposed on the lower side thereof. Then, the ZnO single crystal is grown by growing the seed crystal 3.
- An internal baffle plate 64 that controls thermal convection is provided between the ZnO seed crystal 3 and the raw material 26, and the internal baffle plate 24 divides the inside of the growth vessel 20 into a melting region and a growth region. Yes.
- a plurality of holes are formed in the internal baffle plate 24, and the opening area of the baffle plate 24 determined by the number of holes is set to 10%. The flow rate to the region can be controlled, which affects the rate of crystal growth.
- an external baffle plate 25 is provided outside the growth vessel 20, and the outer baffle plate 25 restricts the convection outside the growth vessel 20, thereby allowing the seeds to cross between the regions in the growth vessel 20. Make sure that the temperature difference necessary for the growth of crystal 3 is obtained!
- a ZnO single crystal having an m-plane on the surface can be grown from a hexagonal columnar seed crystal by a hydrothermal synthesis method.
- a ZnO single crystal having a caliber size that can be used for industrial applications can be grown by selecting the number of growth days in the growth vessel 20 in which impurities are hardly mixed according to the application.
- the growth vessel 20 was filled with the solidified material after the intermediate firing. Next, 80% of the free volume of pure water in which ImolZl LiOH and 3 molZl KOH were dissolved as mineralizers was injected into the growth vessel 20, and HO was added to 0.05 molZl.
- the container 20 was welded between the bellows and the inside of the growth container was completely sealed and welded. In addition, 80% of the free volume was filled between the autoclave 12 ( ⁇ 200 X 300 mm) and the growth vessel 20 for heat transfer.
- the autoclave 12 also has the force of the container body 13 and the lid body 14. The container body 13 and the lid body 14 are covered with the knock 17, and are fixed by the fixing portion 15, and the inside thereof is hermetically sealed.
- the heater 16 heated the melting region (synonymous with the raw material filling portion, the same hereinafter) and the growth region (synonymous with the crystal growth portion, hereinafter the same).
- the temperature of the melting region was raised 15-50 ° C higher than the temperature of the growth region, and finally the temperature was raised so that the melting region was 360 ° C and the growth region was about 310 ° C.
- the raw material melted in the melting region rises by convection and precipitates from the vicinity of the columnar seed crystal 3 in the growth region (the length of the side in the c-axis direction is three times the length of the other side).
- the ZnO single crystal will be grown.
- Fig. 3 shows the name of the growth region in a cross-sectional view of the ZnO single crystal cut along the m-plane and a-plane.
- Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the c-axis direction force in the cut-out diagram of Fig. 3.
- Each sample obtained by cutting a ZnO single crystal on these surfaces was washed with dilute nitric acid and distilled water, and then dissolved with nitric acid and hydrochloric acid.
- the obtained solution was quantified by standard addition method using ICP-QMS (Yokogawa Analytical Systems HP4500). The detection limit for each metal was 0. Olppm.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of each metal content concentration and the variation in concentration in the growth region (ml to m3, al to a3) along the c-axis direction of each surface obtained as described above.
- Divalent and trivalent elements that exceeded the detection limit in all measured values were Fe, Al, Mg, and Cd, all of which were 1.3 ppm or less, and the variation was 50% or less.
- Table 1 shows the analysis results of three kinds of metals, Fe, Al, and Mg, which are divalent and trivalent metals. According to this, each metal content concentration is 1.3ppm of Fe Below, it can be seen that Al is 0.5 ppm or less, Mg is 0.1 ppm or less, and the variation within the same plane is within 100%.
- FIG. 5 shows the growth region name in a cross-sectional view of the hexagonal plate-like crystal force m-plane cut.
- + cl + c3 is the growth region on the + c side as seen from the seed crystal position
- c 1 c3 is the growth region on the c side as seen from the seed crystal position.
- the obtained sample was analyzed in the same manner as in the example.
- the metal concentration of Fe Mg was 1.3 ppm 0.1 ppm or less, respectively.
- the strength S Al metal concentration was 0.5 ppm or more.
- the concentration variation in the same plane exceeded 100%.
- Crystal growth of ZnO was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature difference between the raw material filling part and the crystal growth part was finally 45 ° C. Specifically, when heating, grow the temperature of the melting region The temperature was raised from 35 ° C to 45 ° C above the temperature of the region, and finally the temperature was raised so that the melting region was 390 ° C and the growth region was about 345 ° C.
- Table 2 shows the results of analysis of various metal concentrations in the same manner as in Example 1 for the N-1 to N-3 regions of the cut sample. According to this, the concentration of each metal is 1.3 ppm or less for Fe, 0.5 ppm or less for A1, 0.1 ppm or less for Mg, and the variation within the same plane is within 100%. .
- Crystal growth of ZnO was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature difference between the raw material filling part and the crystal growth part was finally 17 ° C. Specifically, during heating, the temperature of the melting region is 10 ° C to 20 ° C higher than the temperature of the growth region, and finally the melting region is 355 ° C and the growth region is about 338 ° C. The temperature was raised to As a result, a green-colored crystal having a size of 28 mm (a) X 11.5 mm (m) X 14 mm (c) was obtained (a, m, and c each indicate an axial direction).
- Table 2 shows the results of various metal concentrations analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1 for the region O-1 to 0-4 of the sample cut out as shown in FIG. According to this, the concentration of each metal contained within 100% variation within the same plane. However, the sample contained a relatively large amount of Fe, A1, and Mg.
- a hexagonal wurtzite single crystal having a low impurity concentration and excellent uniformity can be obtained.
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Abstract
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US11/576,408 US20080056984A1 (en) | 2004-10-01 | 2005-09-21 | Hexagonal Wurtzite Type Single Crystal, Process For Producing The Same, And Hexagonal Wurtzite Type Single Crystal Substrate |
EP05785696A EP1816240A4 (en) | 2004-10-01 | 2005-09-21 | HEXAGONAL CUTTING TYPE CRYSTAL, MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND HEXAGONAL CURING TYPE TRYING SUBSTRATE |
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JP (1) | JP5276769B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100960834B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006038467A1 (ja) |
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US9650723B1 (en) | 2013-04-11 | 2017-05-16 | Soraa, Inc. | Large area seed crystal for ammonothermal crystal growth and method of making |
US10174438B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2019-01-08 | Slt Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus for high pressure reaction |
US11466384B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 | 2022-10-11 | Slt Technologies, Inc. | Method of forming a high quality group-III metal nitride boule or wafer using a patterned substrate |
US11705322B2 (en) | 2020-02-11 | 2023-07-18 | Slt Technologies, Inc. | Group III nitride substrate, method of making, and method of use |
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US12091771B2 (en) | 2020-02-11 | 2024-09-17 | Slt Technologies, Inc. | Large area group III nitride crystals and substrates, methods of making, and methods of use |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1816240A1 (en) | 2007-08-08 |
KR100960834B1 (ko) | 2010-06-07 |
EP1816240A4 (en) | 2009-05-20 |
US20080056984A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
JP2006124268A (ja) | 2006-05-18 |
KR20070058574A (ko) | 2007-06-08 |
JP5276769B2 (ja) | 2013-08-28 |
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