WO2005098875A1 - 電解質膜および膜電極接合体の製造方法並びに燃料電池 - Google Patents
電解質膜および膜電極接合体の製造方法並びに燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005098875A1 WO2005098875A1 PCT/JP2005/006737 JP2005006737W WO2005098875A1 WO 2005098875 A1 WO2005098875 A1 WO 2005098875A1 JP 2005006737 W JP2005006737 W JP 2005006737W WO 2005098875 A1 WO2005098875 A1 WO 2005098875A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/106—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the chemical composition of the porous support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1067—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1072—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes by chemical reactions, e.g. insitu polymerisation or insitu crosslinking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1086—After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation
- H01M8/1093—After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation mechanical, e.g. pressing, puncturing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte membrane, and the electrolyte membrane is suitable for an electrochemical device, particularly for a fuel cell.
- fuel cells which are a type of electrochemical device using a polymer electrolyte membrane, have remarkably improved in performance due to the development of electrolyte membrane and catalyst technology, and have attracted attention as a power source for low-emission vehicles and a high-efficiency power generation method.
- a fuel cell (polymer electrolyte fuel cell) using a polymer electrolyte membrane has a structure in which a reaction layer having an oxidation and reduction catalyst is formed on the surface of the membrane.
- a reaction occurs in which the hydrogen molecules are decomposed into protons and electrons at the fuel electrode, and the generated electrons are transported to the oxygen electrode side by operating electric components through electric wires, and the oxygen Water is generated from oxygen, protons, and electrons transported from the fuel electrode through electric wires.
- DMFC direct methanol fuel cell
- methanol and water are supplied to the fuel electrode, and a catalyst near the membrane reacts methanol and water to extract protons.
- an electrolyte membrane composed of polyperfluoroalkylsulfonic acid is usually used.
- the electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a polymer having an inexpensive ion exchange group on a porous substrate. (Hereinafter referred to as “electrolyte polymer”). Since the porous substrate is made of a material that is not easily deformed by external force, such as polyimide and cross-linked polyethylene, it is filled in the pores. It is possible to prevent excessive swelling of the electrolyte polymer caused by the aqueous methanol solution, thereby suppressing the permeation of methanol.
- the electrolyte polymer layer formed on the membrane surface retains moisture, it is closer to the catalyst layer than the above-mentioned perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid-based electrolyte membrane having a water-repellent skeleton as a main component.
- the catalyst is covered with water and the battery reaction is hindered.
- the battery output becomes unstable and drops significantly.
- the use of such a film which is easily flooded makes it difficult to obtain performance by power generation using air having a low oxygen partial pressure as an oxidizing agent.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-83612
- the present invention solves the problem of insufficient electrode adhesion in a fuel cell electrolyte membrane having a structure in which an electrolyte polymer is filled in a porous substrate as described above.
- the purpose of this study was to provide a high-priced, low-cost fuel cell electrolyte membrane with reduced fuel permeation.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and is a method for producing an electrolyte membrane in which pores of a porous substrate are filled with an electrolyte polymer and the surface of the porous substrate is exposed.
- the polymer has an ion-exchange group, or has a functional group capable of being converted to an ion-exchange group, or has a site capable of introducing an ion-exchange group after polymerization.
- a solution or dispersion of a force obtained from a monomer hereinafter collectively referred to as "ion-exchange group-containing monomer" or a mixture of the monomer and other components as required (hereinafter referred to as "polymer precursor"). It is characterized by being obtained from the body. Further, by making the porous base material a hydrophobic material, flooding inside the electrode is reduced due to the hydrophobic surface being exposed on the membrane surface, and the battery performance is improved.
- the electrolyte membrane of the present invention is capable of fusing an exposed porous substrate to an electrode when the electrode is joined, and has an improved adhesiveness with the electrode, and is capable of bonding even in a wet state during battery operation.
- the state continues.
- the removal of the electrolyte polymer that has adhered to the membrane surface in the past has resulted in a remarkable increase in output when operated with air, because it is easy to be retained between the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer, and water is reduced and flooding is unlikely to occur. Effects can be obtained.
- the electrolyte membrane of the present invention preferably has an electrolyte polymer filled in pores of a porous base material made of a hydrophobic thermoplastic resin having a property of fusing under bonding conditions with an electrode.
- the surface of the porous substrate is exposed.
- the bonding property with the electrode can be improved, and the problem of flooding, in which the catalyst layer in the electrode is clogged with water and the performance is reduced, can be alleviated.
- the filling of the pores of the porous substrate with the electrolyte polymer can be determined by measuring the proton conductivity, and the surface exposure can be determined by observation with an electron microscope. The details will be described below.
- the porous substrate used in the present invention is a material having a property of softening or melting by heating, particularly a material which does not substantially swell in methanol and water, which is preferred by a thermoplastic resin.
- the area change when wet with water is smaller or harder than when dry especially.
- the area increase rate when the porous substrate is immersed in methanol or water varies depending on the immersion time and temperature, but in the present invention, the area increase rate when immersed in pure water at 25 ° C for 1 hour is reduced. It is preferably at most 20% or less when dried.
- the porous substrate of the present invention is made of a material having a property of softening or melting by heating, it is softened or melted and adhered to the electrode in a thermocompression bonding step usually performed when bonding electrodes. be able to.
- the softening temperature at that time is appropriately selected depending on the temperature at which the fuel cell operates, but it is necessary to select a temperature higher than the target operating temperature of the fuel cell. That is, considering the temperature range in which the polymer electrolyte fuel cell is usually operated, the softening temperature is preferably in the range of 40 ° C to 200 ° C. The temperature is more preferably in the range of 50 to 180 ° C, and even more preferably in the range of 60 to 150 ° C.
- the softening temperature is too low, the temperature at which the fuel cell can operate is limited, and the fuel cell itself generates heat due to the reaction, and cannot be used for a long time.
- the softening temperature is higher than this range, there is a problem that functional groups such as a sulfonic acid group in the electrolyte are easily decomposed due to the temperature at the time of pressing. Both are not preferred because of the problem that certain carbons are susceptible to oxidative degradation.
- the softening temperature there are various methods for measuring the softening temperature, for example, Vika specified in JIS K7206. There is a softening temperature. In the present invention, it is possible to bond the electrodes with the porous base material in a molten state, but the melting point is not particularly specified because the melting temperature is higher than the softening temperature.
- the porous substrate used in the present invention is preferably formed of a hydrophobic material.
- a water-phobic material By using a water-phobic material, unnecessary water stays at the interface between the membrane and the catalyst, and flooding, which is likely to cause a decrease in output during fuel cell operation, is less likely to occur.
- Water contact angle and surface tension are often used as a criterion for indicating hydrophobicity, but it is difficult to measure the contact angle and the like as a material because this substrate is a porous material. Therefore, the same material as that of the porous base material can be formed into a sheet and can be determined based on the water contact angle.
- a preferable water contact angle is 30 degrees or more, more preferably 50 degrees or more, and further preferably 70 degrees or more.
- the water contact angle is a force expressed as a value between 0 and 180 degrees. The upper limit is not specified because the larger the value, the higher the water repellency.
- the porous substrate of the present invention preferably has a tensile modulus of 500 to 5000 MPa, more preferably 1000 to 5000 MPa, and preferably has a breaking strength of 50 to 500 MPa. Preferably it is 100 to 500 MPa.
- the membrane tends to be deformed due to the force of the filled polymer to swell with methanol or water, and outside of these ranges the base material becomes too brittle and press forming during electrode bonding Film cracks or becomes thin due to tightening when installing in a battery.
- the porous base material has heat resistance to the temperature at which the fuel cell is operated, but does not easily extend even when an external force is applied.
- thermoplastic resins such as polyolefin, halogenated polyolefin, polysulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyamide, and polyester, and polyolefin are cross-linked by irradiation with radiation or by adding a crosslinking agent.
- a polymer that is hardly deformed such as being stretched by an external force by a method such as stretching or stretching.
- These materials may be used alone or may be used in combination by laminating two or more kinds.
- porous substrates those comprising stretched polyolefin, cross-linked polyolefin, and crosslinked polyolefin after stretching are easily available, and the workability of the filling step is good and preferred.
- polyolefins those mainly composed of polyethylene are hydrophobic, durable, Excellent in ease of handling.
- a copolymer component such as fluorinated polyethylene into polyolefin to improve water repellency can also be preferably used.
- the porosity of the porous substrate of the present invention obtained as described above is preferably from 5 to 95%, more preferably from 5 to 90%, and particularly preferably from 20 to 80%.
- the average pore diameter is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 100 zm, more preferably 0.01 to 1 x m. If the porosity is too small, the amount of ion exchange groups per area is too small, and the output of the fuel cell becomes low. If the porosity is too large, the membrane strength is undesirably reduced.
- the thickness of the substrate is preferably 200 zm or less. More preferably: from! To 150 zm, even more preferably from 5 to: 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 5 to 50 ⁇ m. If the film thickness is too small, the membrane strength is reduced and the amount of permeation of methanol is increased. If the film thickness is too large, the membrane resistance becomes too large and the output of the fuel cell is low.
- the electrolyte membrane of the present invention is formed by filling pores of a porous substrate with an electrolyte polymer.
- the method for filling the polymer is not particularly limited, and the polymer is impregnated in a porous substrate in a solution or molten state, or the polymer precursor or a solution or dispersion thereof is impregnated in the porous substrate, and then polymerized.
- the polymer precursor or a solution thereof to be filled may contain a crosslinking agent, a polymerization initiator, a catalyst, a curing agent, a surfactant, and the like, if necessary.
- the ion-exchange group may be contained in the monomer constituting the polymer, or may be introduced after the filling in a step such as sulfonation.
- the electrolyte polymer to be filled in the pores of the porous substrate is not particularly limited, and generally known ones can be used.
- polymers that can be used include polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyether ketone, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyamide, polyimide, and the like.
- An ion exchange group can be introduced by such a method as described above.
- the adhesion between the porous substrate and the filled polymer In order to increase the durability of the electrolyte membrane, it is preferable to increase the adhesion between the porous substrate and the filled polymer.
- irradiation with active energy rays such as radiation, electron beams, ultraviolet rays, or plasma is preferable. , Ozone, corona discharge treatment or any combination You can do it.
- a hydrogen-extracting radical polymerization initiator may be simply attached to the surface.
- it is preferable to apply the solvent solution of the radical generator by bringing the porous substrate into contact with the porous substrate and then removing the solvent, since the solvent can be uniformly attached to the pores.
- a radical polymerizable polymer can be preferably used as the filling polymer used in the present invention.
- a monomer having an acidic acid group is a fuel.
- a preferred monomer having good performance when used as an electrolyte membrane for a battery is a compound having a polymerizable functional group and a protonic acid in one molecule.
- the monomer having a functional group that can be converted into an ion exchange group is a salt, anhydrous, ester, or the like of the above compound.
- the acid residue of the monomer used is a derivative such as a salt, an anhydride, or an ester, the polymer can be converted to a proton acid type after polymerization to impart proton conductivity.
- a benzene ring-containing monomer such as styrene, monomethylstyrene, chloromethylstyrene, and t-butylstyrene can be preferably used.
- a method for introducing an ion exchange group into these include a method of sulfonating with a sulfonating agent such as chlorosulfonic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, and sulfur trioxide.
- (meth) acryl means “acryl and / or methacryl
- (meth) aryl means “aryl and / or methallyl”
- (meth) atalylate means “atalylate and Z or metharylate”. Is shown.
- sulfonic acid group-containing compound or phosphate group-containing compound is preferred because of its excellent proton conductivity, and 2_methylpropane_2_ (meth) atalylamidosulfonic acid has a high level of polymerization. And more preferred.
- the polymer precursor used in the present invention includes a monomer having an ion exchange group and a crosslinking agent.
- a monomer having an ion exchange group and a crosslinking agent are preferred.
- Compounds that can be used as cross-linking agents are those having two or more polymerizable functional groups in one molecule, and polymerized by blending with the above-mentioned proton acidic group-containing monomer or its salt and polymerizing. Crosslinking points are formed therein, and the polymer can have an insoluble and infusible three-dimensional network structure.
- N N, monomethylenebis (meth) acrylamide, polyethylene glycol di (meth) atalylate, polypropylene glycol di (meth) atalylate, trimethylo olepropane diarinoleate ethereol, and pentaerythritolonetriolate.
- crosslinkable functional group is not limited to those having a carbon-carbon double bond, but is inferior in that the polymerization reaction rate is slow, but bifunctional or more functional epoxy compounds can also be used.
- an epoxy compound When an epoxy compound is used, it may be cross-linked by reacting with an acid such as a carboxyl group in the polymer, or a copolymerizable compound having a hydroxyl group or the like as a third component may be added to the polymer precursor.
- These crosslinking agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more as needed.
- the polymer precursor used in the present invention may optionally contain a third copolymer component having no proton acidic group, for example, for adjusting the swelling property of the polymer.
- the third component is not particularly limited as long as it can be copolymerized with the ion-exchange group-containing monomer and the crosslinking agent used in the present invention.
- Examples of the third component include (meth) acrylates, (meth) acrylamides, maleimides, styrenes, Organic acid burs, aryl compounds, methallyl compounds and the like can be mentioned.
- the method of polymerizing the ion-exchange group-containing monomer in the polymer precursor inside the pores of the porous substrate is not particularly limited. Irradiation with active energy rays such as radiation or ultraviolet rays, heating and the like are preferably used.
- the following can be used as radical polymerization initiators for heat-initiated polymerization and reddots-initiated polymerization that can be used at that time.
- Azo compounds such as 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride; ammonium persulfate Peroxides such as aluminum, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, tamene hydroperoxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide; the above peroxides and sulfites, bisulfites, thiols Redox initiator in combination with reducing agents such as sulfate, formamidinesulfinic acid and ascorbic acid; Initiation of azo radical polymerization such as 2,2'-azobis-mono (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride and azobiscyanovaleric acid Agent. These radical polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- photoinitiated polymerization using ultraviolet rays is desirable because a desired electrolyte membrane can be obtained with good productivity by a relatively simple process in which the polymerization reaction can be easily controlled.
- radical photopolymerization initiator examples include benzoin, benzyl, acetophenone, benzophenone, thioxanthone, thioatalidone, and derivatives thereof, which are generally used in ultraviolet polymerization.
- benzophenones include o benzoyl benzoate Methyl perfume, 4 phenylbenzophenone, 4 benzoyl-4'-methyldiphenyl sulfide, 3, 3 ', 4, 4'-tetra (t-butylperoxycarbonyl) benzophenone, 2, 4, 6 —Trimethylbenzophenone, 4-benzoyl N, N dimethyl-1-N— [2- (1-oxy-2-propenyloxy) ethyl] benzenemethanamide, amide (4 benzylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride, 4 4,4'-Dimethylaminobenzophenone, 4,4'-Jethylaminobenzophenone, etc .; Thioxan
- the amount of the photopolymerization initiator to be used is preferably 0.001 to 1% by mass, more preferably 0.001% by mass, based on the total mass of the ion-exchange group-containing monomer and the unsaturated monomer as the third component. . ⁇ 0 5 mass 0/0, and particularly preferably 0.0:! ⁇ 0.5 mass 0/0.
- aromatic ketone-based radical polymerization initiators such as benzophenone, thioxanthone, and thioacridone can generate radicals by extracting hydrogen from carbon-hydrogen bonds, so that organic materials such as polyolefin as a porous base material can be used.
- a chemical bond can be formed between the surface of the substrate and the filled polymer, which is preferable.
- the porous substrate when impregnated with the polymer precursor, it is preferable to mix a monomer, a crosslinking agent, and a polymerization initiator if necessary, and to make a liquid to form a polymer precursor solution or dispersion. It is preferable because filling is easy.
- the force S which can be used for impregnation as it is, is preferably a solution having a concentration of 10 to 90%, more preferably a solution having a concentration of 20 to 70%.
- the components used include those that are hardly soluble in water, some or all of the water may be replaced with an organic solvent.However, if an organic solvent is used, remove all of the organic solvent before joining the electrodes. An aqueous solution is preferred because it needs to be removed.
- the reason for impregnation in the form of a solution as described above is that, when dissolved in water or a solvent and used for impregnation, it is easy to impregnate a porous substrate having fine pores, and the gel that has been swollen in advance is finely divided. This is because the formation of the pores in the pores has the effect of preventing the polymer from dropping out of the pores due to water or methanol excessively penetrating the polymer in the pores when the manufactured electrolyte membrane is used as a fuel cell.
- the electrolyte membrane according to the present invention has a surface on which the surface of the porous substrate is exposed, and the manufacturing process thereof will be described below.
- the surface can be easily exposed by the following method in the method of filling a radical polymerizable polymer precursor into a porous material and polymerizing the same. That is, a step of filling the polymer precursor into the pores of the porous substrate, a step of covering both surfaces with a protective material, a polymerization step, a step of removing the protective material and swelling the surface polymer layer, and removing one layer of the swollen polymer.
- the porous substrate and the protective material are not brought into close contact with each other, and the polymer precursor solution is present therebetween as shown in FIG.
- the distance between the porous substrate and the protective material is preferably at least 5 ⁇ m on one side, more preferably at least 10 / im. If it is less than 5 ⁇ , the electrolyte polymer layer formed very thinly on the substrate surface as shown in Fig. 9 to Fig. 11 does not significantly change its volume even when swollen with water. It is clear from experiments by the present inventors that it cannot be easily removed. In such a case, although it can be easily immersed in an alkaline aqueous solution as described above and peeled off, there is a problem that the number of steps increases. The upper limit of the distance between the porous base material and the protective material has no particular effect.
- the distance between the porous substrate and the protective material is maintained at the above-mentioned distance.
- a material thicker than the porous substrate is placed on both sides of the porous substrate.
- polymerization is performed.
- a method such as adjusting the roll interval when using the roll can be used.
- the coarse porous material in this case can be used without any particular limitation such as a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric, a net, a porous film, etc., but the purpose of using this is as described above.
- the use of a material having a very small pore diameter substantially forms an electrolyte polymer layer, which is not preferable.
- the preferred pore size is 10 zm or more.
- the method of sandwiching a mesh etc. has the effect of keeping the distance between the porous base material and the protective material constant, so that the UV and heat are transmitted uniformly and the electrolyte without polymerization unevenness A film can be formed, which is preferable.
- the mesh has a very small contact area with the base material, and is therefore preferable since a thick gel is formed on the base material surface.
- the amount of electrolyte polymer between the porous substrate and the protective material can be adjusted by adjusting the roll spacing when sandwiching the porous substrate and the protective material using a roll, but this polymer can also be adjusted by the tightening pressure between the rolls. In some cases, the amount can be adjusted. In particular, when sandwiched between rubber rolls, even if the roll interval is extremely small, the roll itself is deformed and the polymer layer is likely to remain between the porous substrate and the protective material. The amount of the electrolyte polymer can be controlled.
- excess electrolyte polymer becomes brittle due to swelling with water, and is easily peeled off by running water, spraying water, spraying air, or the like.
- a scraper or the like may be used in combination.
- the protective material is not particularly limited as long as it can maintain a uniform thickness of the polymer layer or the polymer precursor layer between the protective layer and the porous substrate.
- the protective material also has an effect of blocking oxygen in the air that inhibits radical polymerization.
- the protective material include glass and plastic, and plastic films are preferred because of easy handling. Films such as PET, polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, and polycarbonate are more preferred. These protective materials may be surface-treated with a release agent such as silicone.
- the electrolyte membrane produced by the present invention is used for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, particularly for a direct methanol fuel cell. It can be preferably used for fuel cells.
- an electrolyte membrane is used in such a fuel cell, an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) is manufactured by sandwiching the electrolyte membrane between two electrodes to which a catalyst typified by platinum has been applied, and by pressing with a heat press, etc. And can be incorporated.
- MEA electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly
- a layer containing a catalyst and, if necessary, a gas diffusion layer are laminated on the surface of the surface of the electrolyte membrane produced by the present invention, and the temperature is not lower than the softening temperature of the porous substrate constituting the electrolyte membrane. And a method of hot-pressing the laminate.
- an MEA is incorporated into a fuel cell and used, and the electrolyte membrane according to the present invention can be used by preparing an MEA by a similar method and incorporating the MEA into the fuel cell.
- the electrolyte membrane according to the present invention has a porous base material made of a material that is hydrophobic and has a property of being fused by heating, and is exposed to the electrode. And the film adhere firmly. Furthermore, since the base material is made of a hydrophobic material and there is no extra layer of the electrolyte polymer on the surface, water does not easily stay near the interface between the electrolyte membrane and the electrode, so that the output reduction due to flooding is reduced. is there.
- aqueous solution consisting of 50 g of 2-acrylamide-1-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 5 g of N, N, monomethylenebisatalinoleamide, 0.005 g of nonionic surfactant, 0.005 g of ultraviolet radical generator, and 50 g of water
- a porous substrate made of cross-linked polyethylene was immersed and filled with the aqueous solution.
- the porous substrate was pulled up from the solution and sandwiched with a 50- ⁇ m-thick PET film so that bubbles were not generated.
- a polymer precursor layer was formed between the porous substrate and the PET film, while taking care not to overexpose the polymer precursor solution attached to the surface of the porous substrate. It was then respectively irradiated lOOOmj / cm 2 of ultraviolet rays sides using a high-pressure mercury lamp. After irradiation, the thickness was measured from above and below the PET film, and the thickness of the polymer layer formed between the PET film and the porous film was measured to be 13 to 74 / im. When the PET film was peeled off and exposed to running water, the polymer on the surface absorbed water and increased in volume, forming an agar-like gel and peeling off.
- Example 2 The same impregnation operation was performed using the polymer precursor aqueous solution used in Example 1 and the porous substrate made of crosslinked polyethylene.
- two polyester meshes with a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m were prepared and impregnated with the same polymer precursor. These and a 50-zm-thick PET film were stacked in five layers with a porous substrate as the center, a polyester mesh on both sides, and a PET film on the outside. This was passed between two stainless steel rolls to squeeze out excess liquid. Thereafter, similarly to Example 1, ultraviolet irradiation was performed to peel off the PET finolem and the polyester mesh.
- Example 2 The same impregnation operation was performed using the polymer precursor aqueous solution used in Example 1 and the porous substrate made of crosslinked polyethylene. This film was sandwiched between two PET films, and sandwiched between two stainless steel nozzles, and excess liquid was squeezed out. Further, ultraviolet irradiation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to polymerize the polymer precursor. After irradiation, the thickness was measured from above and below the PET film, and the thickness of the polymer layer formed between the PET film and the porous film was 2-3 ⁇ m.
- This membrane is immersed in a 1% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to neutralize it, The surface was rubbed with a spatula made of Chick, washed several times with 1N hydrochloric acid to return the ion-exchange groups to the acid form, and washed with distilled water. Finally, the membrane was dried naturally to obtain an electrolyte membrane.
- the proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and adhesion to the electrode of this electrolyte membrane were measured by the method described separately and summarized in Table 1. Further, the obtained membrane was hot-pressed by sandwiching it between electrodes with a catalyst to obtain MEA, which was evaluated as a direct methanol fuel cell and showed good power generation performance. Table 1 summarizes the results of these evaluations.
- An electrolyte membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a porous substrate made of oriented polyethylene (thickness: 18 xm, porosity: 48%, average pore diameter: about 0.2 zm) was used as the porous substrate.
- the proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and adhesion to the electrode of this electrolyte membrane were measured by the method described separately and summarized in Table 1.
- the obtained membrane was hot-pressed by sandwiching it between electrodes with a catalyst to obtain MEA, which was evaluated as a direct methanol fuel cell and showed good power generation performance. Table 1 summarizes the results of these evaluations.
- Example 1 Same as Example 1 except that a porous substrate made of polytetrafluoroethylene (thickness: 20 ⁇ m, porosity: 50%, average pore size: about 0.2 ⁇ ) was used as the porous substrate.
- an electrolyte membrane was obtained.
- the proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and adhesion to the electrode of this electrolyte membrane were measured by the method described separately, and are shown in Table 1.
- the obtained membrane was sandwiched between electrodes with a catalyst and heated to ⁇ , and the output was low when evaluated as a direct methanol fuel cell. When the membrane / electrode assembly was taken out, the bonding strength between the electrode and the membrane was not enough and the electrode was peeled off. Table 1 summarizes the results of these evaluations.
- Example 2 The same impregnation operation was performed using the polymer precursor aqueous solution used in Example 1 and the crosslinked polyethylene porous substrate. This film was sandwiched between two PET films and sandwiched between two stainless steel jars to squeeze out excess liquid. Further, in the same manner as in Example 1, ultraviolet irradiation was performed to polymerize the polymer precursor. After irradiation, the thickness was measured from above and below the PET film, and the thickness of the polymer layer formed between the PET film and the porous film was measured to be 2-3 ⁇ m. Even if this film is dipped in running water, the gel does not peel An electrolyte membrane was obtained.
- the proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and adhesiveness to the electrode of this electrolyte membrane were measured by the method described separately and summarized in Table 1.
- the obtained membrane was sandwiched between electrodes with a catalyst and hot-pressed to obtain MEA, which was evaluated as a direct methanol fuel cell.
- oxygen was used as the oxidizing agent, the same maximum output as in Example 1 was obtained. Performance was unstable at high current densities.
- the oxidant was switched to air to generate power, a lower output was obtained as compared with the result of Example 1 in which power was generated under the same conditions. Table 1 summarizes the results of these evaluations.
- the electrode was thermocompression-bonded to one side of the electrolyte membrane.
- FIG. 12 shows the current density vs. output density curve when oxygen was used as the oxidizing agent
- Fig. 13 shows the current density vs. power density curve when air was used as the oxidizing agent.
- These catalysts use platinum-supported carbon (Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd .: TEC10E50E) for the oxygen electrode and platinum-ruthenium alloy supported carbon (Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd .: TEC61E54) for the fuel electrode, respectively.
- the powder was mixed with an electrolyte polymer solution (manufactured by DuPont: Nafion 5% solution) and polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion, and water was appropriately added and stirred to obtain a coating for a reaction layer. This was printed on one side of carbon paper (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc .: TGP-H-060) by a screen printing method and dried to form electrodes.
- the platinum amount was lmg / cm 2 on the oxygen electrode side, and the total amount of platinum and ruthenium was 3 mg / cm 2 on the fuel electrode side.
- MEA membrane electrode assembly for fuel cells
- the operating conditions when the MEAs prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples were directly incorporated into a single cell of a methanol fuel cell are as follows.
- the fuel was a 3 mol% methanol aqueous solution, and the oxidizer was pure oxygen and air.
- the cell temperature was 50 ° C. Change the load with an electronic load The flow density output characteristics were measured.
- the porous substrate was sandwiched between polyfluoroethylene films, heated and pressed at a temperature not lower than the melting temperature to form a film, and the water contact angle at 25 ° C was determined by a usual method.
- the electrode prepared in (1) was fitted to only one side of the electrolyte membrane, and was bonded by hot pressing at 120 ° C. This was formed into a strip having a width of lcm and a length of 5 cm, and the electrode side was attached to a support of a hard plastic plate having a width of 2 cm and a length of 6 cm with a double-sided tape.
- One end of the film of the test piece prepared in this way was peeled off a little, and it was set on a tensile strength tester, and a 90 ° peel test was performed at a peeling speed of 50 mm / min.
- the test piece was immersed in water at 25 ° C for 1 hour, and the adhesive strength when wet with water was also measured.
- the electrolyte membrane swelled by immersion in pure water at 25 ° C for 1 hour was sandwiched between two platinum plates to make a sample for measurement. After that, the AC impedance was measured at 25 ° C from 100 Hz to 40 MHz to measure the conductivity. The higher the conductivity, the easier protons move in the electrolyte membrane, indicating that the proton conductivity is excellent.
- Methanol permeability A permeation experiment at 25 ° C was performed as follows. The electrolyte membrane was sandwiched between glass cells. One cell was filled with a 10% by mass aqueous methanol solution, and the other cell was filled with pure water. The amount of methanol permeating into the pure water side was measured over time by gas chromatographic analysis, and the permeation coefficient at steady state was measured. The lower the permeability coefficient, the more suitable it is for fuel cell applications where methanol is less likely to permeate through the electrolyte membrane.
- FIG. 1 Cross-sectional view showing the state before the film is peeled off when an electrolyte membrane is made by sandwiching a large amount of electrolyte polymer between the protective film and the substrate
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state after the film is similarly peeled off.
- FIG. 3 A cross-sectional view showing a state in which the electrolyte polymer on the surface swells when the membrane is immersed in water and the volume increases, making it easy to peel off.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the electrolyte polymer on the surface has fallen off and the substrate surface has been exposed as a result of the same washing.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state before a protective film is removed in a process of forming an electrolyte membrane by sandwiching a mesh together with an electrolyte polymer between the protective film and a base material.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a state after peeling off the film.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the electrolyte polymer on the surface is peeled off together with the mesh when the membrane is peeled off by immersing the membrane in water.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the electrolyte polymer on the surface has fallen off and the substrate surface has been exposed as a result of the same washing.
- FIG. 10 A cross-sectional view showing the state when the protective film was peeled off and the film was wetted with water.
- FIG. 11 A cross-sectional view showing the state where the electrolyte film was also dried and remained on the substrate surface.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing a current density output density curve when oxygen is used as the oxidizing agent in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing a current density output density curve when air is used as the oxidizing agent in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 14 is an electron micrograph of the electrolyte membrane produced in Example 1.
- FIG. 15 is an electron micrograph of the electrolyte membrane prepared in Comparative Example 1. Explanation of symbols
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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JP2006512093A JPWO2005098875A1 (ja) | 2004-04-08 | 2005-04-06 | 電解質膜および膜電極接合体の製造方法並びに燃料電池 |
US11/547,133 US20090004548A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2005-04-06 | Electrolyte Membrane, Method for Producing Membrane Electrode Assembly, and Fuel Cell |
CA002562510A CA2562510A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2005-04-06 | Electrolyte membrane, method for producing membrane electrode assembly, and fuel cell |
EP05728933A EP1737000A4 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2005-04-06 | ELECTROLYTIC MEMBRANE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY, AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL |
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JP2004114822 | 2004-04-08 | ||
JP2004-114822 | 2004-04-08 |
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WO2005098875A1 true WO2005098875A1 (ja) | 2005-10-20 |
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PCT/JP2005/006737 WO2005098875A1 (ja) | 2004-04-08 | 2005-04-06 | 電解質膜および膜電極接合体の製造方法並びに燃料電池 |
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US (1) | US20090004548A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1737000A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2005098875A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20060134197A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100536036C (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2562510A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005098875A1 (ja) |
Cited By (8)
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WO2006123529A1 (ja) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | Toagosei Co., Ltd. | 膜電極接合体および直接液体燃料形燃料電池 |
WO2008032597A1 (fr) * | 2006-09-13 | 2008-03-20 | Toagosei Co., Ltd. | Ensemble membrane-électrode et son procédé de fabrication |
WO2010055889A1 (ja) * | 2008-11-14 | 2010-05-20 | 株式会社トクヤマ | 陰イオン交換膜及びその製造方法 |
JP2014062782A (ja) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-04-10 | Sho-Bond Corp | 照合電極及び自然電位測定方法 |
KR20140118914A (ko) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-08 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 고분자 전해질막, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 막-전극 어셈블리 |
JP2018513912A (ja) * | 2015-03-16 | 2018-05-31 | カレラ コーポレイション | イオン交換膜、電気化学システムおよび方法 |
JP2019220460A (ja) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-26 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 電気化学セル用電解質、及び電気化学セル |
JP2021521322A (ja) * | 2018-05-02 | 2021-08-26 | トーレ・アドバンスド・マテリアルズ・コリア・インコーポレーテッドToray Advanced Materials Korea Incorporated | 表面イオン交換高分子電解質が除去された細孔充填イオン交換高分子電解質複合膜及びその製造方法 |
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US10516182B2 (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2019-12-24 | Iucf-Hyu (Industry-University Cooperation Foundation Hanyang University) | Polymer ion exchange membrane and method of preparing same |
WO2011021870A2 (ko) * | 2009-08-21 | 2011-02-24 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 고분자 전해질형 연료 전지용 고분자 전해질 막, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 고분자 전해질형 연료 전지 시스템 |
WO2013014420A1 (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-31 | Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe Bv | Composite membranes |
US20160006067A1 (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2016-01-07 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Assembly for making a fuel cell component and a method of using the assembly |
GB201310350D0 (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2013-07-24 | Fujifilm Mfg Europe Bv | Curable compositions and membranes |
KR102643968B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-27 | 2024-03-07 | 코웨이 주식회사 | 효율적인 수소수 생성을 위한 세공충진 양이온교환막 기반의 막-전극접합체 및 막-전극 접합체 제조방법 |
KR102036766B1 (ko) * | 2018-05-24 | 2019-10-25 | 도레이케미칼 주식회사 | 바나듐 이온 저투과를 목적으로 하는 세공충진형 양쪽성막 및 이의 제조방법 |
EP4016680A1 (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-22 | Paul Scherrer Institut | Method for laminating a polymer electrolyte film onto a porous support layer for energy storage devices |
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- 2005-04-06 KR KR1020067023197A patent/KR20060134197A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-04-06 JP JP2006512093A patent/JPWO2005098875A1/ja active Pending
- 2005-04-06 WO PCT/JP2005/006737 patent/WO2005098875A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-04-06 CN CNB2005800119467A patent/CN100536036C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-06 US US11/547,133 patent/US20090004548A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-04-06 CA CA002562510A patent/CA2562510A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-04-06 EP EP05728933A patent/EP1737000A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2006123529A1 (ja) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | Toagosei Co., Ltd. | 膜電極接合体および直接液体燃料形燃料電池 |
WO2008032597A1 (fr) * | 2006-09-13 | 2008-03-20 | Toagosei Co., Ltd. | Ensemble membrane-électrode et son procédé de fabrication |
WO2010055889A1 (ja) * | 2008-11-14 | 2010-05-20 | 株式会社トクヤマ | 陰イオン交換膜及びその製造方法 |
US20110281197A1 (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2011-11-17 | Tokuyama Corporation | Anion-exchange membrane and method for producing the same |
JP2014062782A (ja) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-04-10 | Sho-Bond Corp | 照合電極及び自然電位測定方法 |
KR20140118914A (ko) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-08 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 고분자 전해질막, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 막-전극 어셈블리 |
KR102098640B1 (ko) * | 2013-03-29 | 2020-04-08 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 고분자 전해질막, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 막-전극 어셈블리 |
JP2018513912A (ja) * | 2015-03-16 | 2018-05-31 | カレラ コーポレイション | イオン交換膜、電気化学システムおよび方法 |
JP2021521322A (ja) * | 2018-05-02 | 2021-08-26 | トーレ・アドバンスド・マテリアルズ・コリア・インコーポレーテッドToray Advanced Materials Korea Incorporated | 表面イオン交換高分子電解質が除去された細孔充填イオン交換高分子電解質複合膜及びその製造方法 |
JP7208362B2 (ja) | 2018-05-02 | 2023-01-18 | トーレ・アドバンスド・マテリアルズ・コリア・インコーポレーテッド | 表面イオン交換高分子電解質が除去された細孔充填イオン交換高分子電解質複合膜及びその製造方法 |
US11975296B2 (en) | 2018-05-02 | 2024-05-07 | Toray Advanced Materials Korea Inc. | Pore-filled ion exchange polyelectrolyte composite membrane from which surface ion exchange polyelectrolyte has been removed and method for manufacturing same |
JP2019220460A (ja) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-26 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 電気化学セル用電解質、及び電気化学セル |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20090004548A1 (en) | 2009-01-01 |
CN1942980A (zh) | 2007-04-04 |
EP1737000A1 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
CA2562510A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
EP1737000A4 (en) | 2009-08-19 |
KR20060134197A (ko) | 2006-12-27 |
CN100536036C (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
JPWO2005098875A1 (ja) | 2008-03-06 |
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