WO2005041621A1 - Appareil d'éclairage à lampe à décharge - Google Patents
Appareil d'éclairage à lampe à décharge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005041621A1 WO2005041621A1 PCT/JP2004/015725 JP2004015725W WO2005041621A1 WO 2005041621 A1 WO2005041621 A1 WO 2005041621A1 JP 2004015725 W JP2004015725 W JP 2004015725W WO 2005041621 A1 WO2005041621 A1 WO 2005041621A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- discharge lamp
- value
- power supply
- divided
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters
- H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
- H05B41/2881—Load circuits; Control thereof
- H05B41/2882—Load circuits; Control thereof the control resulting from an action on the static converter
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a discharge lamp lighting device for controlling the lighting of a discharge lamp such as a headler of a vehicle.
- a discharge lamp lighting device that controls lighting of a discharge lamp such as a headlamp using a vehicle-mounted battery or the like as a power source
- the voltage of the vehicle-mounted battery is boosted and converted into an AC voltage to be applied to the headlamp.
- the headlamps are on.
- This discharge lamp lighting device includes a microcomputer (hereinafter referred to as a microcomputer), which controls the lighting of the headlamp. Then, the reference voltage given to the microcomputer is generated using a vehicle-mounted battery.
- the battery voltage fluctuates according to the load applied to the vehicle-mounted battery.
- the microcomputer monitors the voltage of the vehicle-mounted battery, and when the voltage of the vehicle-mounted battery falls below a predetermined threshold voltage, for example, turns off the power supplied to the headlamp.
- the on-vehicle battery voltage is divided by using an IZF circuit such as a voltage-dividing resistor and supplied to the microcomputer, and the divided voltage and the microcomputer reference voltage are applied. Inevitably, there is an error between. For this reason, even if the voltage of the on-board battery is the same, the on-board battery voltage recognized by the microcomputer varies due to the noise of each discharge lamp lighting device, and the discharge lamp control is performed for each discharge lamp lighting device. At that time, there is a variation.
- the divided voltage is supplied to a microcomputer via an AZD converter, and the first and second divided voltages are supplied to the microcomputer.
- the upper limit value and the lower limit value are detected by the second comparator, respectively, and the voltage applied to the second comparator after the voltage division is lower than the reference voltage of the second comparator or applied to the first comparator after the voltage division.
- a signal is also output from the first comparator or the second comparator, and one of the first and second switching elements is turned on, and Turn off the HID lamp.
- the microcomputer automatically recovers the power supply in the case of a temporary abnormality, and completely stops the power supply by the microcomputer if the abnormality is continuous. Control is performed so as to stop (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the CPU compares the voltage fetched from the AZD converter with the threshold value written in the memory, and when the CPU detects that the output voltage value of the AZD conversion has fallen below the threshold value, the power supply voltage is abnormal. Is transmitted (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11 283782 (Page 3, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2)
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11 304851 (Page 3, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2)
- the output voltage value of the AZD converter when a predetermined threshold value is given as the power supply voltage is written, and the threshold value written to the memory is determined by the variation in resistance of the IZF circuit. To absorb the variation in resistance.
- the battery voltage actually recognized by the microcomputer is affected by the reference voltage given to the microcomputer, and as a result, the battery voltage cannot be accurately recognized and the discharge lamp cannot be accurately controlled. There was a problem.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a discharge lamp lighting device capable of accurately detecting a nottery voltage and controlling a discharge lamp with high accuracy.
- a discharge lamp lighting device provides a power conversion unit that boosts a voltage supplied from a power supply and supplies the boosted voltage to the discharge lamp, a voltage dividing unit that divides the power supply voltage to generate a divided voltage, Means for storing a divided voltage obtained by applying a predetermined voltage to the means as a threshold voltage value, and the control means is obtained by dividing the power supply voltage by the threshold voltage and the voltage dividing means.
- the power converter is controlled by comparing the divided voltage with the divided voltage.
- the divided voltage obtained by applying a predetermined voltage to the voltage dividing means is stored as a threshold voltage value, and the result obtained by dividing the power supply voltage by the threshold voltage and the voltage dividing means is obtained. Since the power converter is controlled by comparing the divided voltage, the battery voltage can be accurately detected, and the discharge lamp can be accurately controlled.
- the control means corrects the divided voltage obtained as a result of dividing the power supply voltage according to the correction value, and the power conversion unit according to the correction voltage obtained by correcting the divided voltage.
- the control means controls the power conversion unit based on the threshold voltage value when the power supply voltage is in the first voltage range, and obtains the power conversion unit according to the correction value when the power supply voltage is in the second voltage range. The power converter is controlled in accordance with the corrected voltage.
- the divided voltage obtained as a result of dividing the power supply voltage according to the correction value is corrected to obtain a corrected voltage, and the power converter is controlled according to the corrected voltage.
- the discharge lamp can be accurately controlled.
- the power converter is controlled by the threshold voltage value
- the power conversion unit is controlled by the correction voltage obtained according to the correction value.
- the discharge lamp control can be accurately performed in consideration of the operating voltage applied to the control means such as a microcomputer.
- a discharge lamp lighting device includes a power conversion unit that boosts a voltage supplied from a power supply and applies the boosted voltage to the discharge lamp, a voltage previously applied to the discharge lamp and a voltage generated by the power conversion unit.
- the control means controls the power conversion unit according to a correction voltage value obtained as a result of correcting the voltage generated by the power conversion unit with the voltage correction value. It is characterized by doing so.
- a voltage correction value indicating the relationship between the voltage applied to the discharge lamp and the voltage generated by the power conversion unit is stored in advance, and the voltage generated by the power conversion unit is Since the power conversion unit is controlled according to the correction voltage value obtained as a result of the correction with the correction value, the power supplied to the discharge lamp can be controlled accurately.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a discharge lamp lighting device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of control of a DCZAC converter in the discharge lamp lighting device shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a relationship between electric power supplied to a discharge lamp and a battery voltage in the discharge lamp lighting device shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a discharge lamp lighting device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the output of the DCZAC converter in the discharge lamp lighting device shown in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a discharge lamp lighting device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the illustrated discharge lamp lighting control device is used, for example, in a vehicle.
- the illustrated discharge lamp lighting device 10 includes a DC / AC conversion unit (DCZAC conversion unit) 11 and is shown in FIG. 1, but the DCZAC conversion unit 11 includes a DCZDC converter and a DCZAC inverter. have.
- a discharge lamp (for example, a headlamp) 12 is connected to the output side of the DCZAC converter 11, and a DC power supply (for example, a battery for vehicles) 13 is connected to the input side of the DCZAC converter 11.
- an alternator (not shown) is connected to the on-vehicle battery 13, and the in-vehicle battery 13 is charged from the alternator by driving the engine.
- the on-vehicle battery 13 is connected to a microcomputer (microcomputer) 15 through an IZF circuit 14 composed of voltage dividing resistors 14a and 14b, and the microcomputer 15 responds to the divided voltage to which the force of the IZF circuit 14 is also input.
- the vehicle battery voltage hereinafter simply referred to as battery voltage
- the reference voltage supplied to the microcomputer 15 is supplied from the internal power supply 16 generated from the vehicle-mounted battery 13, and the microcomputer 15 is operated by the internal power supply 16.
- the microcomputer 15 evaluates the value of the divided voltage with respect to a predetermined reference voltage (for example, 5 V). For example, if the reference voltage is 5 V and the divided voltage is 2.5 V The microcomputer 15 will evaluate that the divided voltage is 0.5 times the reference voltage. Generally, there is an error in the reference voltage generated by the internal power supply, and the error of this reference voltage is about 2%. That is, the reference voltage is in the range of 4.9V-5.IV.
- the microcomputer 15 receives 2.5V ⁇ 0.05V (when converted to battery voltage, (1 OV ⁇ 0.2V), the microcomputer 15 recognizes the battery voltage in the range of 9.6V-10.4V.
- the detection values are different. That is, the detection accuracy differs for each discharge lamp lighting device.
- a control power supply (constant-voltage power supply) 21 is connected to the DCZAC converter 11 as shown by a broken line block in FIG. Connected to the control power supply 21, the control power supply 21 applies a control voltage to the DCZ AC converter 11, and also applies a control voltage to the microcomputer 15 via the IZF circuit 14.
- a nonvolatile memory 31 is connected to the microcomputer 15.
- a storage command is transmitted from the PC 22, whereby the microcomputer 15 enters a threshold voltage value storage mode, and the control voltage is output from the control power supply 21.
- the threshold voltage value for example, 5.5 V is output from the control power supply 21 as the control voltage value.
- This control voltage value is divided by the I / F circuit 14 and supplied to the microcomputer 15.
- the microcomputer 15 uses the divided voltage value as a threshold voltage value in a nonvolatile manner. It is stored in the memory 31.
- the threshold voltage value reflects the variation in the resistance values of the resistors 14a and 14b in the IZF circuit 14, and further reflects the variation in the reference voltage of the microcomputer 15.
- the microcomputer 15 determines the ratio between the control voltage value and the threshold voltage value (control voltage value Z threshold voltage value) as a correction value (correction coefficient), and stores the correction value in the nonvolatile memory 31. . Then, as described later, the microcomputer 15 controls the DCZA according to the threshold voltage value and the correction value. By controlling the C conversion unit 11, the discharge lamp 12 is controlled.
- the discharge lamp lighting device 10 is connected to the vehicle-mounted battery 13 and the discharge lamp Connected to 12.
- the microcomputer 15 turns on the DC / AC converter 11, turns on the discharge lamp 12, and after the discharge lamp 12 is turned on, When the voltage becomes 18 V, the DCZAC converter 11 is turned off and the discharge lamp 12 is turned off. When the battery voltage reaches 5.5 V after the discharge voltage 12 becomes 9 V and the discharge lamp 12 is turned on, the microcomputer 15 turns off the DCZAC converter 11 and turns off the discharge lamp 12. Similarly, after the discharge voltage 12 becomes 18 V and the discharge lamp 12 is turned off, when the discharge voltage 12 becomes 16 V, the microcomputer 15 turns on the DCZAC converter 11 to turn on the discharge lamp 12.
- the microcomputer 15 controls the DCZAC converter 11 based on the notched voltage, that is, the divided voltage value provided from the I / F circuit 14, and the main switch (not shown) is turned on. Then, the microcomputer 15 obtains the corrected divided voltage from the corrected value and the divided voltage value stored in the nonvolatile memory 31.
- the microcomputer 15 When the corrected divided voltage value is equal to or greater than the divided voltage value obtained by dividing the battery voltage (the microcomputer 15 has a preset voltage dividing ratio of the I / F circuit 14), When the piezoelectric pressure value becomes 225 V or more (here, the resistance values of the voltage-dividing resistors 14a and 14b are 30 k ⁇ and 10 k ⁇ , respectively), the microcomputer 15 controls the DCZAC converter 11. Then, the discharge lamp 12 is turned on.
- the corrected divided voltage value reflects the variation in the resistance values of the resistors 14a and 14b in the I / F circuit 14 and the variation in the reference voltage of the microcomputer 15, so that when the battery voltage value becomes 9V, The DCZAC converter 11 is turned on, and the discharge lamp 12 is turned on.
- the microcomputer 15 turns off the DCZAC converter 11, and the corrected divided voltage value becomes 4 V (battery voltage value).
- the microcomputer 15 turns on the DCZAC converter 11.
- the microcomputer 15 turns on the DCZAC converter 11 and then sets the divided voltage and the threshold voltage value.
- the divided voltage value becomes the threshold voltage value read from the nonvolatile memory 31 (that is, when the divided voltage becomes 1.375 V)
- the DCZAC converter 11 is turned off.
- the threshold voltage reflects the variation in the resistance values of the resistors 14a and 14b in the I / F circuit 14 and the variation in the reference voltage of the microcomputer 15; When the voltage becomes 5 V, the DCZAC converter 11 can be accurately turned off.
- the DCZAC converter 11 increases the current input to the lighting device.
- damage due to heat generation may occur.
- the DCZAC converter 11 is turned off. In this case, since it is necessary to accurately turn off the DCZAC converter 11 in consideration of the operating voltage of the microcomputer 15, the off control of the DCZAC converter 11 is performed using the threshold voltage value.
- the threshold voltage value and the correction value are stored in the non-volatile memory 31.
- 5.5 V, 9 V which are the battery voltage values for controlling the DCZAC conversion unit 11.
- the threshold voltage values may be stored in the non-volatile memory 31 in association with 16V and 18V, and the DCZAC converter 11 may be controlled by comparing these threshold voltage values with the divided voltage values.
- the divided voltage obtained by applying a predetermined voltage from the control power supply to the IZF circuit 14 is used as the threshold voltage value in the nonvolatile memory 31. Since the microcomputer 15 controls the DCZAC converter 11 by comparing the threshold voltage with the divided voltage obtained as a result of dividing the battery voltage by the I / F circuit 14, the microcomputer 15 By accurately detecting the voltage, the discharge lamp can be accurately controlled.
- the microcomputer 15 uses a correction value instead of the threshold voltage, and the microcomputer 15 responds to the correction value.
- a configuration is also possible in which the divided voltage obtained as a result of dividing the battery voltage is corrected to obtain a correction voltage, and the DCZAC converter 11 is controlled in accordance with the correction voltage.
- the icon 15 controls the DC / AC converter 11 according to the threshold voltage value when the battery voltage is equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage, and according to the correction value when the battery voltage exceeds the predetermined voltage. If the DCZAC converter 11 is controlled in accordance with the obtained correction voltage, the discharge lamp on / off control can be accurately performed in consideration of the operating voltage applied to the microcomputer 15.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of a discharge lamp lighting device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the DCZAC converter 11 has a DCZDC converter 11a and a DC / AC inverter lib, the DC / DC converter 11a is connected to the vehicle battery 13, and the DCZAC inverter lib is connected to the discharge lamp 12. .
- a voltage applied to the discharge lamp 12 (hereinafter, referred to as a discharge lamp applied voltage) is divided by an IZF circuit 17 including voltage-dividing resistors 17a and 17b and supplied to the microcomputer 15. Then, the current flowing through the discharge lamp 12 is converted into a voltage by the resistor 18 (hereinafter, referred to as a discharge lamp conversion voltage), and supplied to the microcomputer 15.
- the non-volatile memory 31 stores the threshold voltage value and the correction value corresponding to the battery voltage (hereinafter, in the second embodiment, the threshold voltage value and the correction value).
- the correction values are called a battery threshold voltage value and a battery correction value, respectively.
- the power supplied to the discharge lamp 12 is maintained at a predetermined range (for example, 30 W to 34 W) even if the battery voltage fluctuates.
- a predetermined range for example, 30 W to 34 W
- the output power of the DCZDC converter 11a is detected, and the relationship between the power actually supplied to the discharge lamp 12 and this detected power is known. There is a need.
- the microcomputer 15 refers to the voltage value from the IZF circuit 17 and the current value obtained from the resistor 18 in association with the measured voltage value and the measured current value. Voltage values and reference current values are obtained, and correction values for correcting the reference voltage value and the reference current value to the measurement voltage value and the measurement current value are obtained as the conversion voltage correction value and the conversion current correction value.
- the correction value and the conversion current correction value are stored in the nonvolatile memory 31.
- the microcomputer 15 controls the DCZDC converter 11a according to the converted voltage correction value and the converted current correction value as described later.
- the microcomputer 15 monitors the voltage value from the IZF circuit 17 (hereinafter referred to as an output voltage value) and the current value obtained from the resistor 18 (hereinafter referred to as an output current value). At this time, the microcomputer 15 corrects the output voltage value and the output voltage value in accordance with the conversion voltage correction value and the conversion current correction value stored in the nonvolatile memory 31 to obtain a correction voltage value and a correction current value.
- the microcomputer 15 knows the power (power supplied to the discharge lamp 12) obtained from the correction voltage value and the correction current value, and controls the DCZDC converter 11a to supply the power to the discharge lamp 12
- the power supplied is adjusted to, for example, 34W.
- the microcomputer 15 controls the DCZDC converter 11a so that the output current value of the DCZDC converter 11a becomes 0.4A when the correction voltage value is 85V and the correction current value is out of 0.4A. .
- the conversion voltage correction value and the conversion current correction value are stored, and the output voltage value and the conversion current correction value are stored.
- the output current value and the output current value By correcting the output current value and the output current value, it is possible to eliminate an error caused by manufacturing variations of the IZF circuit 17 and the resistor 18 and accurately control the power supplied to the discharge lamp 12.
- the conversion voltage correction value and the conversion current correction value are stored in the non-volatile memory 31.
- the non-volatile memory 31 stores only the conversion voltage correction value, and the discharge lamp 12
- the output current of the DCZDC converter 11a may be adjusted according to the power to be applied to the DCZDC converter 11a.
- the electrodes of the discharge lamp 12 are not warmed at the beginning of the discharge, so that the current value has a positive force.
- the discharge may inevitably result in a discharge failure.
- the period of the alternating current (rectangular wave) is lengthened to sufficiently warm the electrodes of the discharge lamp 12, and then the period of the rectangular wave is kept short and constant. That is, in the initial stage of the discharge start, the current-time product is increased to heat the electrodes of the discharge lamp 12.
- the output current value described above is corrected with the converted current correction value, the current value flowing through the discharge lamp 12 is accurately grasped, and the output current of the DCZDC converter 11a is controlled.
- the voltage correction value indicating the relationship between the voltage applied to the discharge lamp 12 and the voltage from the IZF circuit 17 is stored in advance, and the DCZAC conversion is performed.
- the DCZAC converter 11 is controlled according to the corrected voltage value obtained by correcting the voltage generated by the converter 11 with the voltage correction value, so that the power supplied to the discharge lamp 12 is accurately controlled. be able to.
- the discharge lamp lighting device is suitable for accurately controlling the lighting of a discharge lamp such as a headlight of a vehicle.
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04792867A EP1677581A1 (fr) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-22 | Appareil d'eclairage avec lampe a decharge |
US10/547,500 US20060256560A1 (en) | 2004-10-22 | 2004-10-22 | Electric-discharge lamp lighting apparatus |
JP2005514981A JPWO2005041621A1 (ja) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-22 | 放電灯点灯装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003362768 | 2003-10-23 | ||
JP2003-362768 | 2003-10-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005041621A1 true WO2005041621A1 (fr) | 2005-05-06 |
Family
ID=34510003
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/015725 WO2005041621A1 (fr) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-22 | Appareil d'éclairage à lampe à décharge |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1677581A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPWO2005041621A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005041621A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011151038A (ja) * | 2007-07-20 | 2011-08-04 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 放電灯点灯装置、放電灯点灯装置の負荷電力調整方法、照明器具 |
US8878385B2 (en) | 2010-09-01 | 2014-11-04 | Denso Corporation | Apparatus for controlling power supplied to discharge lamp in response to command supplied from outside the apparatus |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03220533A (ja) * | 1990-01-26 | 1991-09-27 | Chinon Ind Inc | カメラのデータ処理装置 |
JPH04370769A (ja) * | 1991-06-19 | 1992-12-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | A/d変換器を用いた電圧・電流信号の補正方法 |
JPH11260576A (ja) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-09-24 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 電源装置及び放電灯点灯装置 |
JPH11304851A (ja) * | 1998-04-21 | 1999-11-05 | Atsumi Electric Co Ltd | ワイヤレスセンサ |
WO2002078402A1 (fr) * | 2001-03-23 | 2002-10-03 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Dispositif d'exploitation d'une lampe a decharge |
-
2004
- 2004-10-22 WO PCT/JP2004/015725 patent/WO2005041621A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-10-22 JP JP2005514981A patent/JPWO2005041621A1/ja active Pending
- 2004-10-22 EP EP04792867A patent/EP1677581A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03220533A (ja) * | 1990-01-26 | 1991-09-27 | Chinon Ind Inc | カメラのデータ処理装置 |
JPH04370769A (ja) * | 1991-06-19 | 1992-12-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | A/d変換器を用いた電圧・電流信号の補正方法 |
JPH11260576A (ja) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-09-24 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 電源装置及び放電灯点灯装置 |
JPH11304851A (ja) * | 1998-04-21 | 1999-11-05 | Atsumi Electric Co Ltd | ワイヤレスセンサ |
WO2002078402A1 (fr) * | 2001-03-23 | 2002-10-03 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Dispositif d'exploitation d'une lampe a decharge |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011151038A (ja) * | 2007-07-20 | 2011-08-04 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 放電灯点灯装置、放電灯点灯装置の負荷電力調整方法、照明器具 |
US8878385B2 (en) | 2010-09-01 | 2014-11-04 | Denso Corporation | Apparatus for controlling power supplied to discharge lamp in response to command supplied from outside the apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1677581A1 (fr) | 2006-07-05 |
JPWO2005041621A1 (ja) | 2007-04-26 |
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