WO2004039855A1 - Verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation von schlagzähem polystyrol - Google Patents
Verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation von schlagzähem polystyrol Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004039855A1 WO2004039855A1 PCT/EP2003/011623 EP0311623W WO2004039855A1 WO 2004039855 A1 WO2004039855 A1 WO 2004039855A1 EP 0311623 W EP0311623 W EP 0311623W WO 2004039855 A1 WO2004039855 A1 WO 2004039855A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- styrene
- organyl
- rubber
- aluminum
- lithium
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 67
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 title description 18
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 title description 18
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
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- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type
- C08F297/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type polymerising vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F257/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of aromatic monomers as defined in group C08F12/00
- C08F257/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of aromatic monomers as defined in group C08F12/00 on to polymers of styrene or alkyl-substituted styrenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F279/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group C08F36/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F287/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to block polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/006—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to block copolymers containing at least one sequence of polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing impact-resistant polystyrene by anionic polymerization.
- the invention also relates to the impact-resistant polystyrene obtainable by the process, the use of impact-resistant polystyrene for the production of moldings, foils, fibers and foams, and the moldings, foils, fibers and foams made from the impact-resistant polystyrene.
- HIPS high impact polystyrene
- various continuous or discontinuous, free-radical or anionic polymerization processes taking place in solution or in suspension are known, see e.g. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, Vol. A21, VCH Verlag Weinheim 1992, pp. 6 5-625.
- a rubber e.g. polybutadiene or styrene-butadiene block copolymers
- the styrene is then polymerized, for example, by radical or anionic polymerization. Phase inversion occurs during the formation of polystyrene: the rubber phase is dispersed in a polystyrene matrix.
- the impact-resistant polystyrenes obtained by anionic polymerization have some advantages over the products obtained by free radical means, i.a. lower residual monomer and oligomer contents.
- radical polymerization the reaction proceeds via free radicals and e.g. peroxidic initiators are used, whereas the anionic polymerization takes place via "living" carbanions and, for example, alkali metal organyl compounds are used as initiators.
- the anionic polymerization proceeds much faster and leads to higher ones. Sales than radical polymerization.
- the temperature control of the exothermic reaction is difficult due to the high speed. This can be countered by using so-called retarders (such as Al, Zn or Mg organyl compounds), which lower the reaction rate.
- retarders such as Al, Zn or Mg organyl compounds
- the viscosity of the reaction mixture in anionic rubber production generally increases so rapidly that undesirable “hot spots” form in the reactor due to poor mixing and, moreover, the rubber formed is difficult to handle: pumping the rubber becomes impossible Viscosity problem can be avoided by diluting the reaction mixture with an inert solvent, which, however, worsens the productivity of the overall process and requires time and energy-consuming degassing of the end product HIPS in order to remove the solvent again.
- WO-A 01/10917 describes an anionic process for the production of HIPS, in which a diene monomer dissolved in a vinylaromatic is first polymerized anionically with an alkyl lithium initiator to form a low molecular weight polydiene. Thereafter, trialkylaluminum is added in molar excess over the alkyl lithium, diluted with further vinylaromatic and the low-molecular "living" polydiene chains are coupled with a coupling agent to form a high-molecular polydiene.
- This solution of polydiene in vinyl aromatic can be polymerized further to HIPS.
- a particular disadvantage of the described process is that, because of the coupling reaction, larger amounts of the expensive alkyl lithium have to be used (one Li atom per living polydiene chain).
- WO-A 98/07766 discloses a process for the production of impact-resistant polystyrene, in which a diene polymer is prepared in a first reaction zone by means of anionic solution polymerization, in a second reaction zone polymerisation is carried out anionically or radically until phase inversion, with termination or Coupling agent, vinyl aromatic and / or further initiator can be added, and the polymerization is completed in a third zone with newly added vinyl aromatic.
- a styrene-butadiene block copolymer rubber dissolved in styrene monomer is prepared in a first reactor from butadiene and styrene monomer using a premixed catalyst solution of sec-butyllithium initiator and dibutylmagnesium retarder (molar ratio Mg / Li> 1) , in a second reactor with chain terminating agent and with a premixed catalyst solution (composition as above, molar ratio Mg / Li> 1), or with sec-butyllithium alone, and polymerized in a third reactor.
- a premixed catalyst solution of sec-butyllithium initiator and dibutylmagnesium retarder molar ratio Mg / Li> 1
- WO-A 99/40135 describes a process for the preparation of impact-resistant polystyrene, in which a rubber solution is prepared from butadiene and styrene with the addition of solvents by anionic polymerization, reacted with a stopping or coupling agent, diluted with vinylaromatic and finally polymerized the mixture to form HIPS , The rubber solution is terminated by the coupling reaction or termination reaction.
- a rubber solution is prepared from butadiene and styrene with the addition of solvents by anionic polymerization, reacted with a stopping or coupling agent, diluted with vinylaromatic and finally polymerized the mixture to form HIPS , The rubber solution is terminated by the coupling reaction or termination reaction.
- Coupling agent terminated styrene-butadiene block copolymer rubber with additional styrene and a mixture of sec-butyllithium and triisobutylaluminum retarder and the mixture polymerized to form the HIPS.
- the two aforementioned methods are expensive in terms of equipment or require the use of terminating or coupling agents in rubber synthesis, which complicates and makes HIPS production more expensive.
- the task was to remedy the disadvantages described.
- the object was to provide a process for the preparation of impact-resistant polystyrene by anionic polymerization, in which no coupling agents or terminating agents have to be used for the rubber synthesis.
- a method should be provided in which the rubber solution has a higher solids content than in the methods of the prior art and thus the capacity of the method is improved and the solvent removal is simplified.
- a rubber solution is prepared from diene monomers, or from diene monomers and styrene monomers, by anionic polymerization with a lithium organyl as initiator and with the use of a solvent,
- the impact-resistant polystyrene obtainable by the process, the use of impact-resistant polystyrene for the production of moldings, foils, fibers and foams, and the moldings, foils, fibers and foams made from the impact-resistant polystyrene were found.
- the process according to the invention differs from the above-mentioned processes of the prior art in that aluminum organyls are used instead of magnesium organyles as retarders, in that no termination or coupling agents have to be used in the production of the rubbers, as defined in the individual process steps 1) to 4) and un- ter different molar ratios Al / Li are present, and that no retarders are used in the preparation of the rubber solution.
- a rubber solution is prepared from diene monomers, or from diene monomers and styrene monomers, by anionic polymerization using a lithium organyl as an initiator and with the use of a solvent.
- diene monomers are 1, 3-butadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, 1, 3-pentadiene, 1, 3-hexadiene, isoprene and piperylene.
- 1,3-butadiene and isoprene are preferred, in particular 1,3-butadiene (hereinafter referred to as butadiene for short).
- Styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, ethylstyrene, tert-butylstyrene, vinyltoluene, 1, 2-diphenylethylene, 1, 1-diphenylethylene or mixtures thereof are preferably used.
- Styrene is particularly preferably used.
- the monomers and other feedstocks, such as Solvent, in the purity typically required for the process, i.e. troublesome accompanying substances such as residual moisture, polar substances, oxygen are removed in a known manner immediately before the polymerization.
- comonomers In addition to the styrene and diene monomers, other comonomers can also be used.
- the proportion of the comonomers is preferably 0 to 50, particularly preferably 0 to 30 and in particular 0 to 15% by weight, based on the total amount of the monomers used in stage 1).
- Suitable comonomers are, for example, acrylates, in particular Ci- 12 alkyl acrylates, such as n-butyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and the corresponding methacrylates, in particular C 12 alkyl methacrylates, such as methyl methacrylate (MMA).
- acrylates in particular Ci- 12 alkyl acrylates, such as n-butyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate
- the corresponding methacrylates in particular C 12 alkyl methacrylates, such as methyl methacrylate (MMA).
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- the monomers mentioned in DE-A 196 33 626 on page 3, lines 5-50 under M1 to M10 are suitable as comonomers.
- Butadiene is preferably used as the diene monomer and styrene as the styrene monomer.
- the rubbers are produced by anionic polymerization in a manner known per se.
- organyls are understood to mean the organometallic compounds of the elements mentioned with at least one metal-carbon sigma bond, in particular the alkyl or aryl compounds.
- the metal organyls can also contain hydrogen, halogen or organic radicals bound via heteroatoms, such as alcoholates or phenolates, on the metal. The latter can be obtained, for example, by whole or partial hydrolysis, alcoholysis or aminolysis. Mixtures of different metal organyls can also be used.
- Lithium organyls are used as initiators for the anionic polymerization, such as ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec.-butyl, tert.-butyl, phenyl, diphenylhexyl, hexamethylenedi, butadienyl, isoprenyl.
- Polystyryllithium, or multifunctional lithium organyls such as 1,4-dilithiobutane, 1,4-dilithio-2-butene or 1,4-dilithiobenzene.
- Sec.-butyllithium (s-Buli) is preferably used.
- the amount of lithium organyl required depends on the desired molecular weight, the type and amount of the other metal organyls used and the polymerization temperature. As a rule, it is in the range from 1 ppm (w) to 2% by weight, preferably 100 ppm (w) to 1% by weight, in particular 1000 to 10,000 ppm (w), based on the total amount of monomers.
- the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a solvent (solution polymerization).
- the solvent is preferably inert under the polymerization conditions.
- Aliphatic, isocyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, cumene, pentane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane or methylcyclohexane are particularly suitable.
- Solvents with a boiling point above 95 ° C. are preferably used.
- Toluene is particularly preferably used.
- retarders in stage 1) additives which reduce the polymerization rate.
- a homopolydiene rubber is obtained in stage 1).
- homopolybutadiene rubber, or polybutadiene for short is preferred.
- the polybutadiene particularly preferably has a weight-average molecular weight M w of 30,000 to 300,000, in particular 50,000 to 250,000 and particularly preferably 60,000 to 200,000 g / mol.
- M w is determined in a known manner by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with polybutadiene calibration standards, usually in tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent.
- styrene monomers are also used as rubber monomers
- a diene-styrene monomer copolymer rubber is obtained.
- a butadiene-styrene copolymer rubber Preferably a butadiene-styrene copolymer rubber.
- the butadiene and styrene units can be arranged statistically or, preferably, in blocks.
- the latter copolymers are usually referred to as styrene-butadiene block copolymers and are preferred.
- the rubber is preferably selected from polybutadiene and styrene-butadiene block copolymers.
- the block structure essentially results from first anionically polymerizing styrene alone, which results in a styrene block. After the styrene monomers have been consumed, the monomer is changed by adding monomeric butadiene and polymerizing anionically to form a butadiene block (so-called sequential polymerization).
- the two-block polymer S-B obtained can be polymerized by renewed monomer change on styrene to a three-block polymer S-B-S, if desired.
- the two styrene blocks can be of the same size (same molecular weight, that is, symmetrical structure S 1 -BS 1 ) or different sizes (different molecular weight, that is, asymmetrical structure S 1 -BS 2 ).
- BOD block copolymers
- block sequences SSB block sequences SSB or possible.
- the indices for the block sizes are given above. The block sizes depend for example reject the amounts of monomers used and the polymerization conditions.
- blocks B / S can also be used.
- the blocks B / S - regardless of whether their structure is statistical or tapered or different - are collectively referred to as "mixed" blocks.
- Four-block and poly-block copolymers are also suitable as styrene-butadiene block copolymers.
- the block copolymers mentioned can have a linear structure (described above) or else branched or star-shaped structures.
- Branched block copolymers are obtained in a known manner, e.g. by grafting polymer "side branches" onto a polymer backbone.
- Star-shaped block copolymers can be obtained, for example, by reacting the living anionic chain ends with an at least bifunctional coupling agent.
- Such coupling agents are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 3,985,830, 3,280,884, 3,637,554 and 4,091,053.
- Epoxidized glycerides e.g. epoxidized linseed oil or soybean oil
- silicon halides such as SiCl 4
- divinylbenzene and also polyfunctional aldehydes, ketones, esters, anhydrides or epoxides are preferred.
- Carbonates such as diethyl carbonate or ethylene carbonate (1,3-dioxolan-2-one) are also preferred.
- Dichlorodialkylsilanes, dialdehydes such as terephthalaldehyde and esters such as ethyl formate or ethyl acetate are also particularly suitable for dimerization.
- star-shaped block copolymers By coupling the same or different polymer chains, symmetrical or asymmetrical star structures can be produced, i.e. the individual star branches can be the same or different, in particular contain different blocks S, B, B / S or different block sequences. Further details on star-shaped block copolymers can be found, for example, in WO-A 00/58380.
- the residual butadiene content of the rubber used should be below 200 ppm, preferably below 50 ppm, in particular below 5 ppm.
- the styrene-butadiene block copolymer rubber preferably contains at least one butadiene block with a weight-average molecular weight M w of 50,000 to 250,000, preferably 140,000 to 180,000 g / mol, for example about 160,000 to 165,000 g / mol.
- the butadiene content of the rubber is 70 to 100, preferably 75 to 95 and particularly preferably 80 to 90% by weight, based on the rubber without solvent.
- the solids content (FG) of the rubber solution obtained in stage 1) of the process is 20 to 40, in particular 25 to 40 and particularly preferably 28 to 37% by weight, for example approximately 30 to 35% by weight.
- an aluminum organyl is added to the rubber solution obtained in stage 1) in such an amount that the molar ratio aluminum / lithium in the rubber solution is greater than one, i.e. after adding the aluminum organyl, the molar ratio Al / Li is> 1 in the solution obtained.
- a dialkylaluminum phenolate is used as the aluminum organyl, it is added in such an amount that the molar ratio Al / Li in the rubber solution is greater than 0.5, i.e. after the dialkylaluminum phenolate has been added, the Al / Li molar ratio in the solution obtained is> 0.5.
- Al-organyl is preferably added so that the Al / Li molar ratio is 1.01 to 10, particularly preferably 1.05 to 2. Accordingly, a small molar excess of aluminum is already sufficient.
- a dialkylaluminum phenolate is used as aluminum organyl, it is preferred to add so much that the molar ratio Al / Li is 0.51 to 10.
- the aluminum organyl with a molar ratio Al / Li> 1 acts as a "stopper" for the anionic polymerization reaction initiated by the lithium organyl: by the addition of the organoanyl in stage 2) up to a molar ratio Al / Li> 1 the anionic polymerization started in stage 1) is apparently stopped.
- the addition of Al-organyl apparently does not terminate the living polymer chains, rather they live on.
- the reaction rate of the polymerization is reduced to zero by the molar excess of the retarder Al-organyl.
- the polymerization reaction is therefore open bar by adding al-organyl in stage 2) only "frozen" - with sleeping but living polymer chains - but not broken off.
- Aluminum organyls which can be used are those of the formula R 3 AI, where the radicals R independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, CC 2 o-alkyl or C 6 -C 2 o-aryl.
- Preferred aluminum organyls are the aluminum trialkyls, such as triethyl aluminum, tri-isobutyl aluminum (TIBA), tri-n-butyl aluminum, tri-iso-propyl aluminum, tri-n-hexyl aluminum.
- Triisobutyl aluminum is particularly preferably used.
- Aluminum organyls which can be used are those which result from partial or complete hydrolysis, alcoholysis, aminolysis or oxidation of alkyl or arylaluminum compounds. Examples are diethylaluminum ethoxide, diisobutylaluminum ethoxide, diisobutyl- (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy) aluminum (CAS No. 56252-56-3), methylaluminoxane, isobutylated methylaluminoxane, Isobutylaluminoxane, tetraisobutyldialuminoxane or bis (diisobutyl) alumina.
- dialkylaluminum phenolates are also suitable as aluminum organyl, e.g. Diisobutylaluminum (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxide).
- the dialkylaluminum phenolates represent a special case in that they are used in other amounts (molar ratios), see above.
- the Al-organyl is added to the reactor used for the rubber synthesis, see explanations at stage 3).
- styrene monomer is added to the solution obtained in stage 2).
- Suitable styrene monomers are the styrene monomers mentioned in stage 1), in particular styrene. As in step 1), further co-monomers can also be used in step 3) in addition to the styrene monomer.
- the comonomer content is preferably 0 to 50% by weight, based on the total amount of the monomers used in stage 3).
- the comonomers mentioned in step 1) are suitable as comonomers. In stage 3) of the process, preference is given to using no further comonomers in addition to styrene.
- the styrene monomers (and possibly further comonomers) added in stage 3) serve to dilute the rubber solution obtained in stage 2).
- the rubber synthesis (stage 1)) and the polymerization of the styrene hard matrix (stage 4), see below) usually take place in different reactors, which is why the rubber solution has to be transported from the rubber synthesis reactor to the reactor used for the hard matrix polymerization.
- the generally highly viscous rubber solution can be easily pumped after being diluted with styrene. Without dilution, simple pumping around is difficult or impossible due to the high rubber viscosity, which would require more expensive means of transport.
- the styrene monomer added in stage 3) is a diluent and also a monomer for the polymerization of the styrene hard matrix in the subsequent stage 4) of the process.
- dilution is therefore carried out with a reaction partner which is converted into the end product (ie does not have to be removed again) and not with a solvent which would have to be separated off from the end product HIPS again.
- stage 3 Since the anionic polymerization reaction in stage 2) was stopped (frozen) by adding Al-organyl and the dilution with styrene monomer does not change the Al / Li molar ratio, the styrene monomer added in stage 3) does not yet polymerize, i.e. Stage 3) of the process, like stage 2), is not a polymerization step.
- step 3 a mixture (solution) of stopped rubber solution (rubber and inert solvent) and styrene monomer is obtained. This mixture is polymerized to HIPS in the subsequent stage 4).
- the solids content (FG) of the mixture obtained in stage 3) of the process is 5 to 25, preferably 14 to 18 and particularly preferably 15 to 17% by weight, for example approximately 16 to 16.5% by weight. %.
- lithium organyl or lithium organyl and aluminum organyl, is added to the mixture obtained in stage 3) in such an amount that the molar ratio aluminum / lithium in the mixture is less than one - ie after adding the lithium organyl or . of lithium and aluminum organyl, is in the solution, the molar ratio Al / Li ⁇ 1 - and polymerizes the mixture anionically.
- a dialkylaluminum phenolate is used as the aluminum organyl, it is added in an amount such that the Al / Li molar ratio in the rubber solution is less than 0.5, i.e. after adding the dialkylaluminum phenolate, the molar ratio Al / Li is ⁇ 0.5 in the solution obtained.
- Li-organyl or Li-organyl and Al-organyl, is preferably added so that the molar ratio Al / Li is 0.5 to 0.99, particularly preferably 0.8 to 0.97. Accordingly, a slight molar excess of lithium is sufficient.
- a dialkylaluminum phenolate is used as the aluminum organyl, it is preferred to add so much that the Al / Li molar ratio is 0.2 to 0.49.
- step 1) or 2) are suitable as lithium or aluminum organyls in step 4). You can use different or identical Li-organyls in stage 1) and stage 4), and different or identical al-organyls in stage 2) and stage 4). The use of the same Li or Al organylene is preferred.
- step 4 the monomers presumably polymerize both on the living polymer chains of the rubber molecules and on the monomers with themselves to form the hard matrix.
- step 4 therefore, in addition to the matrix polymerization, there is obviously also a polymerization on the rubber, that is to say rubber growth.
- stage 4 In the case of styrene-butadiene block copolymer rubbers in particular, stage 4) apparently increases the styrene blocks by polymerizing further styrene monomers.
- part of the rubber synthesis is presumably shifted "backwards" to the process stage of matrix polymerization.
- Li and Al-organyl can be added separately or, preferably, as a mixture.
- the molar ratio Al / Li in such an initiator-retarder mixture of Al-organyl and Li-organyl is not critical and can vary within wide limits , for example Al / Li 0.1 to 10. It is only essential that in the reaction mixture obtained in stage 4) of the process the molar ratio Al / Li is less than one.
- an initiator-retarder mixture with a quite small Li excess is preferably sufficient in stage 4) to reduce the Al / Li molar ratio in the reaction mixture to the Lower target value ( ⁇ 1).
- an initiator-retarder mixture with an Al / Li molar ratio of about 0.9 can be used.
- the Li-organyle and Al-organyle used in stages 1), 2) and 4) are used as such or (preferably) dissolved or suspended in a suitable solvent in the process according to the invention.
- the preparation of the initiator-retarder mixture from stage 4) is preferably carried out using a solvent or suspending agent (depending on the solubility of the Li-organyl or the Al-organyl, hereinafter referred to collectively as the solvent).
- a solvent or suspending agent depending on the solubility of the Li-organyl or the Al-organyl, hereinafter referred to collectively as the solvent.
- Particularly suitable solvents are inert hydrocarbons, for example aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, pentane, hexane, heptane, isooctane, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, decalin or paraffin oil, or their mixtures. Toluene is particularly preferred.
- the aluminum organyl from stage 2) dissolved in an inert hydrocarbon, e.g. Toluene, a.
- stage 4 it is particularly preferred to carry out the anionic polymerization of the styrene in the presence of the rubber in the presence of an initiator composition which can be obtained by mixing the lithium organyl with styrene and then adding the aluminum organyl.
- the anionic polymerization of stage 4) can be carried out in the presence of an initiator composition which can be obtained by mixing sec-butyllithium and styrene and then adding triisobutylaluminum (TIBA).
- an initiator composition which can be obtained by mixing sec-butyllithium and styrene and then adding triisobutylaluminum (TIBA).
- styrene and the Li-organyl form an oligomeric polystyrene-lithium compound composed of polystyryl anion and lithium cation [polystyryl] + Li " and that the polymerization takes place on the polystyryl anion.
- the mixing of lithium organyl and styrene is usually carried out with stirring at 0 to 80 ° C, in particular 20 to 50 ° C, particularly preferably 20 to 30 ° C, for which purpose cooling is necessary.
- the aluminum organyl is preferably added to the mixture thus obtained after a certain waiting time: for example 5 to 120 minutes, preferably 10 to 30 minutes, after the styrene and lithium organyl have been mixed.
- the initiator composition can be allowed to mature (age) for a certain time after the addition of the al-organyl, e.g. at least 2, preferably at least 20 min.
- the ripening or aging of the freshly prepared initiator composition can in some cases be advantageous for reproducible use in anionic polymerization.
- initiator components which are used separately from one another or are mixed only shortly before the initiation of polymerization, in some cases produce less reproducible polymerization conditions and polymer properties. The observed aging process is presumably due to a complex formation of the metal compounds, which is slower than the mixing process.
- the polymerization starts again in stage 4) due to the molar excess of Li and the reaction mixture is polymerized to give the end product impact-resistant polystyrene (HIPS).
- HIPS end product impact-resistant polystyrene
- the amount of styrene monomer present in stage 4) may or may not be sufficient to obtain the desired HIPS.
- the proportion in stage 4) is generally 20 to 60, preferably 30 to 50% by weight, based on the total amount of styrene monomer added in stages 3) and 4) ,
- the rubber content based on the impact-resistant polystyrene according to the invention, is usually 5 to 35, preferably 14 to 27 and in particular 18 to 23% by weight.
- butadiene-styrene copolymers are preferably used as rubbers - ie if the rubber also contains styrene and / or another comonomer in addition to butadiene - the butadiene content of the impact-resistant polystyrene according to the invention is naturally lower than the rubber content.
- the butadiene content (regardless of the rubber used) is preferably 2 to 25, in particular 8 to 16 and particularly preferably 11 to 13% by weight, based on the impact-resistant polystyrene according to the invention.
- the styrene is preferably added in stage 4) during the polymerization. For example, if stage 4) is carried out continuously, the polymerization reactor
- the solution obtained in stage 3 comprising rubber, solvent, Al- and Li-organyl with Al / Li molar ratio> 1 [> 0.5], and styrene as diluent,
- the polymerization of the diene monomers, or of the diene monomers and styrene monomers, to give the rubber in stage 1) can be carried out batchwise or continuously. It is preferred to work batchwise in stage 1), for example in a stirred tank.
- the polymerization of the styrene in the presence of the rubber in stage 4) can be carried out batchwise or, preferably, continuously in stirred tanks, circuit reactors, tubular reactors, tower reactors or annular disk reactors, as described in WO 98/07766.
- the polymerization is preferably carried out continuously in a reactor arrangement comprising at least one backmixing (e.g. stirred tank) and at least one non-backmixing reactor (e.g. tower reactor).
- the conversion, based on the styrene of the hard matrix, is generally over 90%, preferably over 99%. In principle, the process can also lead to a complete turnover.
- Suitable protic substances are, for example, alcohols, such as isopropanol, phenols; Water; or acids, such as aqueous carbon dioxide solution, or carboxylic acids, such as ethylhexanoic acid.
- the inert solvent used in the rubber synthesis as well as other polymerization aids are then usually removed. This is done in a manner known per se, e.g. by means of degassing on a degassing extruder or by means of other common devices such as partial evaporators or vacuum pots. In particular, the solvent and auxiliary substances can be removed with a combination of partial evaporator and vacuum pot.
- the content of styrene monomers in the impact-resistant polystyrene according to the invention is generally at most 50 ppm, preferably at most 10 ppm, and the content of styrene diols and styrene trimers is at most 500 ppm, preferably at most 200 ppm, particularly preferably less than 100 ppm.
- the content of ethylbenzene in the impact-resistant polystyrene is preferably below 5 ppm.
- the rubber particles can be expedient to achieve crosslinking of the rubber particles by appropriate temperature control and / or by the addition of peroxides, in particular those with a high decomposition temperature such as, for example, dicumyl peroxide.
- peroxides are added after the end of the polymerization and, if appropriate, addition of the chain terminator and before the degassing.
- the polymerization is preferably carried out at temperatures thermal crosslinking of the soft phase in the range from 200 to 300GC.
- 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight, of mineral oil (white oil), based on the impact-resistant polystyrene, can be added to the impact-resistant polystyrene according to the invention.
- the polymers can also contain other conventional additives and processing aids in conventional amounts, e.g. Lubricants or mold release agents, colorants such as e.g. Pigments or dyes, flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers, fibrous and powdery fillers or reinforcing agents or antistatic agents, as well as other additives, or mixtures thereof.
- Lubricants or mold release agents colorants such as e.g. Pigments or dyes, flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers, fibrous and powdery fillers or reinforcing agents or antistatic agents, as well as other additives, or mixtures thereof.
- colorants such as e.g. Pigments or dyes, flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers, fibrous and powdery fillers or reinforcing agents or antistatic agents, as well as other additives, or mixtures thereof.
- additives see e.g. Gumbleter, Müller, Plastics Additives, 4th edition, Hanser Verlag 1993, reprint Nov. 1996.
- the impact-resistant polystyrenes according to the invention can be mixed with the other polymers and the additives or processing aids by mixing processes known per se, for example by melting in an extruder, Banbury mixer, kneader, roller mill or calender.
- the components can also be mixed "cold” and the powdery or granular mixture is only melted and homogenized during processing.
- Shaped bodies including semi-finished products, foils, films and foams of all types can be produced from the impact-resistant polystyrenes.
- the invention accordingly also relates to the use of the impact-resistant polystyrenes according to the invention for the production of moldings, films, fibers and foams, and to the moldings, films, fibers and foams obtainable from the impact-resistant polystyrenes.
- the polymers according to the invention are distinguished by a low content of residual monomers or oligomers. This advantage particularly applies to styrene-containing polymers
- the process according to the invention does not require coupling or terminating agents in the rubber synthesis.
- the rubber solution has a higher solids content. Both features represent a significant economic advantage: the rubber synthesis is faster and the capacity of the overall process (rubber synthesis plus polymerisation of the styrene harmatrix) is improved.
- the method according to the invention is characterized by a controlled retardation of the hard matrix polymerization.
- the mechanical and thermal properties of the impact-resistant polystyrois according to the invention are at a high level.
- the process advantages are not at the expense of the product properties.
- Styrene purified, from BASF, butadiene, purified, from BASF, - sec-butyllithium (s-Buli) as a 12% by weight solution in cyclohexane, finished solution from Chemmetall,
- Triisobutylaluminum as a 20% by weight solution in toluene, finished solution from Crompton, toluene, purified, from BASF.
- n-octadecyl- [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)] propionate was Irga- nox ® 1076 from Ciba Specialty Chemicals used, b) 2 wt .-% of water, and
- Examples 1a-c Butadiene-styrene two-block copolymers 160/22 and 165/23
- Example 2 Styrene-butadiene-styrene three-block copolymer 22/165/25
- Example 3 Homopolybutadiene 160.
- variables A, B, C, etc. stand for the parameters that were varied or for the properties obtained.
- the individual values are given in Table 1.
- the subsequent polymerization of the styrene hard matrix was carried out continuously in a double-walled 50 l stirred tank with a standard anchor stirrer.
- the reactor was designed for an absolute pressure of 25 bar and was tempered with a heat transfer medium and by means of evaporative cooling for isothermal reaction control.
- the mixture was conveyed into a stirred 29 l tower reactor which was provided with two heating zones of the same size (first zone 110 ° C., second zone 160 ° C. internal temperature).
- the discharge from the tower reactor had a solids content 3 of R% by weight. It was continuously mixed with 600 g / h of the additive solution, then passed through a mixer and finally passed through a pipe section heated to 250 ° C. Then it was conveyed via a pressure control valve into a partial evaporator operated at 300 ° C. and expanded into a vacuum pot operated at 10 mbar absolute pressure and 280 ° C. The polymer melt was discharged with a screw conveyor and granulated. The turnover was quantitative.
- the residual monomer content of the impact-resistant polystyrene on styrene and on ethylbenzene was determined in a conventional manner by means of gas chromatography. In all examples it was below 5 ppm styrene or below 5 ppm ethylbenzene.
- Example 1b corresponds to Example 1b, 500 g / h instead of 350 g / h initiator-retarder mixture being used in Example 1c.
- the impact-resistant polystyrene obtained was granulated and dried.
- the granules were injection molded at a melt temperature of 220 ° C and a mold surface temperature of 45 ° C to the corresponding test specimens.
- Heat resistance Vicat B determined as Vicat soaking temperature VST, method B50 (force 50 N, heating rate 50 ° C / h) according to EN ISO 306, on test specimens produced according to EN ISO 3167.
- Melt volume flow rate MVR determined on the granulate according to EN ISO 1133 at 200 ° C test temperature and 5 kg nominal load.
- Yield stress ⁇ s and nominal elongation at break e R each determined in a tensile test according to EN ISO 527 (DIN EN ISO 527-1 and 527-2) at 23 ° C.
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP03778279A EP1560860A1 (de) | 2002-10-28 | 2003-10-21 | Verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation von schlagzähem polystyrol |
JP2004547536A JP2006503965A (ja) | 2002-10-28 | 2003-10-21 | 耐衝撃性ポリスチレンをアニオン重合する方法 |
US10/533,092 US20060167187A1 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2003-10-21 | Method for the anionic polymerisation of high-impact polystyrene |
AU2003285297A AU2003285297A1 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2003-10-21 | Method for the anionic polymerisation of high-impact polystyrene |
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DE10250280.3 | 2002-10-28 | ||
DE10250280A DE10250280A1 (de) | 2002-10-28 | 2002-10-28 | Verfahren zur anionischen Polymerisation von schlagzähem Polystyrol |
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WO2004039855A1 true WO2004039855A1 (de) | 2004-05-13 |
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PCT/EP2003/011623 WO2004039855A1 (de) | 2002-10-28 | 2003-10-21 | Verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation von schlagzähem polystyrol |
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US (1) | US20060167187A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1560860A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2006503965A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003285297A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10250280A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004039855A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005082958A1 (de) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-09 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Vereinfachtes verfahren zur herstellung von schlagzähem polystyrol |
WO2006048168A1 (de) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-05-11 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von mineralöl und füllstoff enthaltenden, polymeren zusammensetzungen |
CN114478950A (zh) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-05-13 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 三臂梳状星型支化丁基橡胶及其制备方法与三臂星型成核剂的制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (9)
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DE102004008199A1 (de) | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-01 | Basf Ag | Verbessertes Verfahren zur Herstellung von schlagzähem Polystyrol |
DE102004026324A1 (de) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-12-15 | Basf Ag | Transparente Mischungen aus Styrol-Butadien-Blockcopolymeren und Polystyrol |
US20110218292A1 (en) | 2010-03-08 | 2011-09-08 | Ineos Nova Llc | Monovinyl aromatic polymer compositions with a novel combination of stiffness and stress crack resistance |
CN114478949B (zh) * | 2020-11-12 | 2023-11-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种宽分布三臂梳状星型支化丁基橡胶的制备方法 |
CN114478954B (zh) * | 2020-11-12 | 2023-11-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 宽分布四臂梳状星型支化丁基橡胶的制备方法 |
CN114478956B (zh) * | 2020-11-12 | 2023-11-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种高宽分布三杂臂梳状星型支化丁基橡胶的制备方法 |
CN114478951B (zh) * | 2020-11-12 | 2023-11-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 宽分布三臂梳状星型支化丁基橡胶的制备方法 |
CN114478957B (zh) * | 2020-11-12 | 2023-11-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种四臂梳状星型支化丁基橡胶的制备方法 |
CN115340645B (zh) * | 2022-09-21 | 2024-05-03 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | 锂离子导电粘结剂及其制备方法、硫化物复合电解质膜及其制备方法、锂电池 |
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DE19828104A1 (de) * | 1998-06-24 | 1999-12-30 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von schlagzäh modifizierten, thermoplastischen Formmassen |
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DE19806775A1 (de) * | 1998-02-18 | 1999-08-19 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur retardierten anionischen Polymerisation |
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2002
- 2002-10-28 DE DE10250280A patent/DE10250280A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-10-21 EP EP03778279A patent/EP1560860A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-10-21 JP JP2004547536A patent/JP2006503965A/ja active Pending
- 2003-10-21 US US10/533,092 patent/US20060167187A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-21 WO PCT/EP2003/011623 patent/WO2004039855A1/de active Application Filing
- 2003-10-21 AU AU2003285297A patent/AU2003285297A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US3826790A (en) * | 1972-01-21 | 1974-07-30 | Ven S V D | Solution polymerization process |
WO1998007765A2 (de) * | 1996-08-19 | 1998-02-26 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation |
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Cited By (3)
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WO2005082958A1 (de) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-09 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Vereinfachtes verfahren zur herstellung von schlagzähem polystyrol |
WO2006048168A1 (de) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-05-11 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von mineralöl und füllstoff enthaltenden, polymeren zusammensetzungen |
CN114478950A (zh) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-05-13 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 三臂梳状星型支化丁基橡胶及其制备方法与三臂星型成核剂的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2003285297A1 (en) | 2004-05-25 |
EP1560860A1 (de) | 2005-08-10 |
JP2006503965A (ja) | 2006-02-02 |
DE10250280A1 (de) | 2004-05-13 |
US20060167187A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
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