WO2004020990A1 - Silikon-dichtung für mikrosonden - Google Patents
Silikon-dichtung für mikrosonden Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004020990A1 WO2004020990A1 PCT/DE2003/002777 DE0302777W WO2004020990A1 WO 2004020990 A1 WO2004020990 A1 WO 2004020990A1 DE 0302777 W DE0302777 W DE 0302777W WO 2004020990 A1 WO2004020990 A1 WO 2004020990A1
- Authority
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- seal
- silicone
- microprobes
- producing
- crosslinking
- Prior art date
Links
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 21
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000003846 Carbonic anhydrases Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108090000209 Carbonic anhydrases Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GTKRFUAGOKINCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorosilver;silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Ag]Cl GTKRFUAGOKINCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ORRNVHHOEJMPDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy-hydroxy-dimethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](O)(OC)OC ORRNVHHOEJMPDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N glutathione Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DOUMFZQKYFQNTF-WUTVXBCWSA-N (R)-rosmarinic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)O)OC(=O)\C=C\C=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 DOUMFZQKYFQNTF-WUTVXBCWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010024636 Glutathione Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001765 catechin Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005487 catechin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechin Natural products OC1Cc2cc(O)cc(O)c2OC1c3ccc(O)c(O)c3 ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003180 glutathione Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 trimethyl-siloxy end groups Chemical group 0.000 claims 11
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims 4
- 229920002631 room-temperature vulcanizate silicone Polymers 0.000 claims 4
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- ZZAFFYPNLYCDEP-HNNXBMFYSA-N Rosmarinsaeure Natural products OC(=O)[C@H](Cc1cccc(O)c1O)OC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)c(O)c2 ZZAFFYPNLYCDEP-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004098 cellular respiration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000003969 glutathione Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- DOUMFZQKYFQNTF-MRXNPFEDSA-N rosemarinic acid Natural products C([C@H](C(=O)O)OC(=O)C=CC=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 DOUMFZQKYFQNTF-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- TVHVQJFBWRLYOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rosmarinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(Cc1ccc(O)c(O)c1)OC(=Cc2ccc(O)c(O)c2)C=O TVHVQJFBWRLYOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012472 biological sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004830 Super Glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N chloramphenicol Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005091 chloramphenicol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001651 Cyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004082 amperometric method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006567 cellular energy metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004700 cellular uptake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FGBJXOREULPLGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl cyanoacrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=C)C#N FGBJXOREULPLGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002555 ionophore Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000236 ionophoric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004313 potentiometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013464 silicone adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012619 stoichiometric conversion Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSQJUDVTRRCSRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(chloro)silane Chemical compound CCCC[Si](Cl)(CCCC)CCCC JSQJUDVTRRCSRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/40—Semi-permeable membranes or partitions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/497—Physical analysis of biological material of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath
- G01N33/4977—Metabolic gas from microbes, cell cultures or plant tissues
Definitions
- the qualitative and quantitative detection of gases as well as gases and ions dissolved in liquids play an important role in science and technology.
- the currently implemented probes and sensors allow the determination of gases, ions or ions formed from gaseous substances, for example in combustion plants, in the control of exhaust gases and in numerous biological systems.
- Various measurement methods are used for substance determination, the use of a specific analysis method depending on the character and expected concentration of the substance to be determined and the place of use or measurement (macro or micro scale).
- Suitable for detection are those physical and / or chemical properties of the analyte which allow clear conclusions to be drawn about its nature and which change in proportion to its concentration.
- the measuring methods used include potentiometric and amperometric methods as well as measurements of conductivity, temperature, pressure or partial pressure, resonance frequency and magnetic susceptibility.
- the change in the properties of the analyte can be determined directly, or the analyte is converted into a secondary substance, which is then measured. In the latter case, the primary and secondary substances must have a defined mathematical relationship to one another.
- measuring devices are often used in which the actual measuring range is separated from the mixture to be examined by a semipermeable membrane.
- this membrane can only be passed by one or a few of the substances to be analyzed.
- This membrane can consist, for example, of glass, plastics / polymers or metallic compounds. Silicone membranes have long been used in measuring probes for carbon dioxide and oxygen. When used in conductive media, the high electrical resistance of silicones ensures that the electrical potential of the measurement solution does not affect the sensor circuit.
- DE 19602861 C2 describes an oxygen sensor which consists of a dialysis membrane, a silver-silver chloride anode and a cathode made of silver or platinum.
- the membrane is made from a gel that contains both a salt and an enzyme. In contrast to the present invention, it is not an electrically insulating polymer.
- DE 4013665 C2 describes oscillating quartz sensors whose resonance frequency depends on the analyte concentration in the sample liquid, whereby disturbances in the metabolism of biological samples cannot be ruled out.
- DE 69415644 T2 describes a chloride-sensitive electrode with a silicone membrane for measuring chloride ions. A micro-probe containing bacteria for determining nitrate is explained in WO 99/45376.
- DE 3813709 AI and DE 69514427 T2 describe electrodes for measuring substances in body fluids that contain a polymer layer with active enzymes.
- DE 10018750 AI describes an electrode which consists of an intrinsically conductive, polymeric contact layer and an ion-selective glass membrane.
- the measuring principle of many sensors is based on the stoichiometric conversion of a primary analyte into a secondary analyte.
- the measuring arrangement contains a circuit which is based on the concentration or activity of the Secondary analytes react and deliver a measurement signal depending on their concentration.
- the sensor circuit In the case of potentiometric probes, which must recognize measurement signals of the order of 50 ⁇ V due to the required sensitivity, the sensor circuit must be electrically isolated from the sample so that the electrical potential of the sample liquid does not falsify the measurement result. It is also advantageous to prevent the dilution of the secondary analyte by diffusion from the sensor through suitable membranes. Silicones can be chemically designed to combine electrically insulating and (gas) permeable properties.
- Another technical approach is to build up the phase boundary at the opening of the microcapillary by immersing a microcapillary that is already filled with water in a suitable silicone oil and creating a negative pressure inside the capillary.
- a suitable silicone oil According to the prior art, however, no silicone formulations which crosslink at room temperature are known, the flowability of which is large enough for a sufficient period of time that suctioning into very fine water-filled microcapillaries is successful.
- a gas microsensor with a silicone seal based on a commercially available silicone elastomer, has already been described by Hanstein et al. published (S. Hanstein, D. de Beer and H. Felle, Sensors and Actuators 2001, B81, 107-114).
- the probe presented there has a seal made of silicone material for dispersion coatings, which was produced in a one-step process.
- a seal made of silicone material for dispersion coatings which was produced in a one-step process.
- the previously published seal is disadvantageous because the crosslinking reaction of the silicone mixture used begins when it comes into contact with the aqueous phase and thus increases the viscosity of the silicone in such a way that only one out of four sensor tips can be successfully sealed. Further miniaturization of the probe is impossible with the previously published method.
- the manufacturing process according to the invention makes it much easier to draw in the phase boundary between the aqueous and hydrophobic phase in narrow microcapillaries or only makes it possible for very narrow microcapillaries.
- too rapid polymerisation of the liquid silicone mass is avoided.
- the length of the silicone phase in the probe tip can be reduced later if necessary.
- the decisive advantages of the manufacturing method according to the invention lie in the fact that it is associated with a manufacturing scrap that is significantly reduced compared to the prior art.
- the seal according to the invention has a higher measuring sensitivity in that a small thickness of the silicone seal can be achieved more efficiently.
- the increased measurement sensitivity results in more reproducible measurement results at lower analyte concentrations.
- the novel silicone seal according to the invention fulfills the requirements that the internal circuit of the sensor is electrically isolated from the analysis liquid or the analysis object and, at the same time, a high permeability for the one to be analyzed
- the object of the invention is to provide seals for micro probes, these seals eliminating the known disadvantages of the prior art. According to the invention, this object is achieved by seals which have a high permeability for the analyte to be measured, have electrically insulating properties and can be implemented in micro-probes. These seals preferably consist of a non-crosslinking silicone of low viscosity and a crosslinking silicone.
- the seal according to the invention is used in micro probes which can be used to analyze substances on a microscale which can permeate through the respective silicone.
- the invention allows the construction of very small, highly sensitive and selective sensors which do not impair or change the metabolism of biological samples. It is suitable for micro probes used in cell biology, e.g. for measuring the concentration of C0 and 0 2 as control variables for cellular energy metabolism and cellular uptake or for measuring the formation of C0 2 and NH 3 in infection foci on host cells or on microbial pathogens.
- By doping the electrolyte behind the silicone seal with a suitable enzyme it is possible to selectively convert a specific primary analyte from a biological sample into a secondary analyte.
- the silicone seal according to the invention in a probe in combination with the enzyme doping of the electrolyte and a suitable measuring electrode, it is possible to measure the secondary analyte by amperometric or potentiometric means.
- the seal is particularly suitable for probes with which, for example, carbon dioxide on individual stomata (stomata) of plant leaves is used as a control variable of opening and closing movements of the stomata can be measured.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing seals which are permeable to analytes, electrically insulating and can be implemented in micro-probes.
- a process for producing a silicone seal in two stages In the first step, a non-cross-linking silicone oil with low viscosity is introduced into the tip of a microsensor.
- the low viscosity allows suction through fine probe tips, for example through 2 micron narrow glass micropipettes. The suction is done with the help of an adapter.
- this non-crosslinking silicone oil is brought into contact with a crosslinking silicone, so that the crosslinking only occurs when the silicone is in the correct position within the probe tip.
- the low viscosity of the non-crosslinking silicone oil is a prerequisite for the positionability of the mixture of both silicone oils within the tip of the glass micropipette.
- the mixing of the two silicone oils on a micro scale is achieved by the diffusion movement of the silicone molecules.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a microsensor using the seal according to the invention.
- This method is solved according to the invention by first (as described above) producing a seal according to the invention in a glass micropipette. Immediately afterwards, an enzyme-containing solution is introduced into the first glass micropipette from behind; the freshly made seal then hardens. Then a second glass micropipette with a Solution made of a proton-sensitive cocktail and PVC filled in THF. Evaporation of the solvent THF forms a solid PVC gel. The solid PVC gel is first overlaid with undiluted proton-sensitive cocktail and then with a reference buffer. Finally, a working electrode is used.
- the first glass micropipette with the silicone seal according to the invention is equipped with an electrode (reference electrode) which projects into the enzyme solution. Then the second glass micropipette prepared as described is pushed into the tip of the first glass micropipette in such a way that the second, inner micropipette protrudes at its end facing away from this tip by approximately 2.5 cm beyond the first, outer micropipette.
- the two micropipettes are attached to each other with an adhesive.
- the protruding end of the second glass micropipette is connected to a conventional electrode holder.
- the seal according to the invention is characterized in that on the one hand it electrically isolates the analyte to be determined, but on the other hand it has a high permeability for this analyte, so that the analyte can quickly pass through the membrane to the actual measuring range of a probe containing the seal.
- a non-crosslinking silicone oil 1 is poured into the container capillary 6 (see FIG. 1) and this horizontally under the lens 2 Microscope mounted.
- the glass micropipette 4 to be sealed is filled with distilled water 3 and introduced into the capillary 6.
- the adapter head 12 is placed on the other end of the glass 5 (see FIG. 3), at the end of which there is a 50 ml syringe 17.
- the rubber seal 11 is attached with the help of the sealing screw 12 at the end 5 of the glass micropipette.
- the adapter device is then clamped on the metal tube 13 in a micromanipulator.
- the metal tube 13 is connected via a plastic hose 14 and a three-way valve 15 with a 50 ml syringe 17 with a Luer lock
- the stopper is shortened to the final length of the seal by lowering the syringe plunger, excess 1 draining off.
- the surface tension between water and silicone can be reduced by adding surface-active substances (e.g. nonionic surfactants) to the water, so that an excess-free one
- the crosslinking silicone oil 8 is applied to the holder 7 and brought into contact with the glass micropipette 4, which is filled with non-crosslinking silicone oil (see FIG. 2).
- the Holder with 8 is fed to the tip 4, and 8 acts twice, preferably 45 seconds, on the non-crosslinking silicone oil 3.
- the interruption of the action prevents the crosslinking silicone oil from adhering to the outside of the glass micropipette or the non-crosslinking silicone oil being pulled out when the drop is removed from the crosslinking silicone oil.
- the glass micropipette must not protrude more than 10 ⁇ m into the cross-linking silicone oil, otherwise the probe diameter will be increased by cross-linking silicone oil.
- the filling capillary 9 with the electrolyte 18 containing enzyme is introduced into the glass micropipette 4 from behind.
- the seal then hardens for about 2-6 hours at room temperature.
- curing can also take place at 40-80 ° C in the presence of moisture, which accelerates the curing process by a few hours. Curing times of 4 hours at room temperature or 1 hour at about 60 ° C. and moist heat are particularly preferred.
- the enzyme 18 in the filling capillary 9 serves to convert a primary analyte quantitatively and stoichiometrically into a secondary analyte, which is then measured.
- a particularly suitable enzyme is, for example, carbonic anhydrase (C0 2 ).
- the enzyme can be stabilized with suitable antioxidants.
- suitable antioxidants are, for example, ascorbic acid, glutathione, rosemary acid, benzoic acid, catechins.
- Potentiometric (pH, NH 4 + ) or amperometric micro probes are used as transducers to measure the concentration of primary or secondary analyte behind the silicone seal (see S. Hanstein, D. de Beer and H. Felle, Sensors and Actuators 2001 , B81, 107-114). You will from the end that is not provided with the seal, pushed into the glass micropipette 4.
- the micro-probe according to the invention is distinguished in that it realizes the advantages of the seal according to the invention in an arrangement which is so small that it can be used for the measurement of the smallest quantities of analyte and / or for measurements in the smallest space.
- the manufacture of the microsonde according to the invention is a technical development of a microsonde described in the literature (see S. Hanstein, D. de Beer and H. Felle, Sensors and Actuators 2001, B81, 107-114).
- a seal according to the invention is first produced as described. A proton-sensitive cocktail is then dissolved in PVC / THF and poured into a second glass micropipette (23). A solid PVC gel forms after the solvent has evaporated.
- the solid PVC gel is first overlaid with undiluted proton-sensitive cocktail 24 and then with a suitable reference buffer.
- a conventional electrode holder is used for this purpose, in which an electrode is integrated and which allows to connect the pH-sensitive microelectrode to another electrode.
- the electrode integrated in the electrode holder contains a metal and its salt, preferably a noble metal and a noble metal salt.
- a reference electrode 21 is pushed into the first glass micropipette 4.
- the pH-sensitive microelectrode 20 is then pushed into the first glass micropipette 4 and placed as close as possible to the silicone seal 22, approximately 20 ⁇ m from the tip opening removed.
- the two glass micropipettes are immediately attached to one another with adhesive 19, leaving about 2.5 cm of the end of the pH-sensitive microelectrode 20 facing away from the seal.
- This end 25 is inserted into a conventional electrode holder.
- Dow Corning Product 200 Fluid with a viscosity of 0.1 Stokes (25 ° C) and an activity of 100% was used as the non-crosslinking silicone oil.
- the container capillary used had an inner diameter of 2 mm.
- the glass micropipette to be sealed was filled with 1 ⁇ sterile distilled water before the seal was made.
- Dow Corning Product (R) 1340 RTV Coating was used as the cross-linking silicone oil.
- mixtures of a silanol with a viscosity of 50-120 cSt e.g. Dow Corning product DC 2-1273
- a silanol with a viscosity of 2,000 cSt e.g. Dow Corning product DC 3-0133, each mixed with 5-10 wt .-% methyltrimethoxysiloxane, can be used.
- the seal and micro probe are made as described above.
- Glass micropipette 4 and filling capillary with enzyme electrolyte 9 consist of glass, preferably borosilicate glass (for example from Hilgenberg GmbH, Malsdorf, Germany) and are filled with a solution of 0.2% before the seal is manufactured.
- Tributylchlorosilane in chloroform silanized by methods known to those skilled in the art.
- a carbonic anhydrase solution is filled into the filling capillary 9.
- a 1% stock solution of chloramphenicol in ethanol and a buffer solution of 1 mM NaHC0 3 and 100 mM NaCl (pH 8.3) are first prepared.
- the enzyme solution is then prepared from 0.4 ml of the NaHC0 3 buffer solution described, 3 mg of lyophilized carbonic anhydrase and 2 ⁇ l of chloramphenicol stock solution and immediately for the
- the carbonic anhydrase solution was stabilized with an oxidizing agent, preferably with 5 mM ascorbic acid, before filling.
- Another glass micropipette (outer diameter 1 mm, inner diameter 0.6 mm) made of borosilicate glass is silanized as described above.
- a proton-sensitive hydrophobic cocktail known to the person skilled in the art preferably Fluka product # 95297, hydrogen ionophore II-Cocktail A, Selectophore " , is dissolved in a mixture of 40 mg PVC / ml THF in a ratio of 30:70 (V / V)
- This (hydrophobic) solution is filled into the second glass micropipette from behind using a filling capillary, and the (hydrophobic) solution collects in the
- Morpholino-] ethanesulfonic acid is adjusted to pH 8.3 with a solution of 100 mM tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, then 100 mM KC1 are added.
- a silver-silver chloride electrode is used as the reference electrode (installation in the first glass micropipette). Production: approx. 1 mm of the Teflon coating of a Teflon-coated silver wire is removed and the bare silver tip is chloridated for 3 minutes at 300 ⁇ A in a 3M KCl solution.
- the assembly was carried out as described.
- the two glass micropipettes are immediately attached to one another with adhesive, preferably a commercially available cyanoacrylate adhesive (eg Tesa " superglue, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany).
- adhesive preferably a commercially available cyanoacrylate adhesive (eg Tesa " superglue, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany).
- the free end of the second glass micropipette facing away from the silicone seal is then inserted into a conventional electrode holder.
- This electrode holder contains an Ag-AgCl plate encased in plastic, which serves as a reference electrode.
- the area of the outer glass micropipette in which the chlorinated tip of the silver electrode is located is provided with a 5 mm wide ring made of acrylic paint, since the electrical potential at the Ag / AgCl electrode is light-sensitive.
- Silicone oil (8) is applied to the holder (7) and brought into contact with the glass micropipette (4). After the glass micropipette (4) has been pulled out of the non-crosslinking silicone oil (8), the filling capillary with the enzyme-containing electrolyte (9) is inserted into the glass micropipette (4) from behind.
- the adapter for sucking non-crosslinking silicone oil (1) into the tip of a glass micropipette (4).
- the adapter consists of a sealing screw (10), rubber seal (11), adapter head (12), a metal tube (13) for clamping the adapter in the micromanipulator and a plastic tube (14).
- FIG. 4 Schematic representation of the finished micro-probe:
- the micro-probe consists of two concentric glass micropipettes (4 and 23) pushed into each other, which are attached to each other with an adhesive (19).
- the inner glass micropipette (23) contains a proton sensitive cocktail (24).
- Inner glass micropipette, proton-sensitive cocktail covered with reference buffer and working electrode together form the pH-sensitive microelectrode (20).
- the electrode used is preferably an electrode which is integrated in a conventional electrode holder.
- the pH-sensitive microelectrode (20) is positioned in the tip of the outer glass micropipette (4).
- the tip of the pH-sensitive microelectrode (20) is located about 20 ⁇ m behind the tip of the outer glass micropipette (4), which is closed with a silicone seal (22) produced by the method according to the invention.
- the space between the outer glass micropipette (4) and the pH-sensitive microelectrode (20) is filled with an enzyme solution (18).
- a reference electrode (21) connects the enzyme solution to the earth.
- the rear end (25) of the pH-sensitive microelectrode is connected to a conventional electrode holder.
- FIG. 5 Schematic representation of the tip of the finished microprobe:
- first glass micropipette (4) is the silicone seal (22) produced by the method according to the invention.
- the space behind this silicone seal (22) is filled with enzyme electrolyte (18).
- the tip of the second glass micropipette (23) is pushed into the tip of the first glass micropipette (4).
- a proton-selective cocktail (24) is located in the tip of the second glass micropipette (23).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03750281A EP1530715A1 (de) | 2002-08-22 | 2003-08-19 | Silikon-dichtung f r mikrosonden |
AU2003269679A AU2003269679A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 | 2003-08-19 | Silicon seal for microprobes |
US10/525,338 US20060144705A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 | 2003-08-19 | Silicon seal for microprobes |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10239264A DE10239264A1 (de) | 2002-08-22 | 2002-08-22 | Silikondichtung für Mikrosonden |
DE10239264.1 | 2002-08-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004020990A1 true WO2004020990A1 (de) | 2004-03-11 |
Family
ID=31197427
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2003/002777 WO2004020990A1 (de) | 2002-08-22 | 2003-08-19 | Silikon-dichtung für mikrosonden |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060144705A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1530715A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003269679A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10239264A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004020990A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10360714A1 (de) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-07-21 | TransMIT Gesellschaft für Technologietransfer mbH | Nachfüllbare Mikrosonde |
DE502006001489D1 (de) * | 2006-02-14 | 2008-10-16 | Gerresheimer Buende Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen von vorfüllbaren Spritzen |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL8602668A (nl) * | 1986-10-24 | 1988-05-16 | Sentron V O F | Referentie-elektrode, alsmede houder voor een materiaal dat via een effusie-opening diffusiebeheerst aan de omgeving kan worden afgegeven. |
US5102526A (en) * | 1990-05-02 | 1992-04-07 | The University Of Michigan | Solid state ion sensor with silicon membrane |
EP0681862A2 (de) * | 1994-05-09 | 1995-11-15 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Verbundmembran und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4602922A (en) * | 1984-11-09 | 1986-07-29 | Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Method of making membranes for gas separation and the composite membranes |
DE4118667A1 (de) * | 1991-06-07 | 1992-12-10 | Schott Geraete | Patronenfoermiges ableitelement fuer potentiometrische messketten und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
JP3123351B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-15 | 2001-01-09 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 硬化性シリコーン組成物 |
-
2002
- 2002-08-22 DE DE10239264A patent/DE10239264A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-08-19 EP EP03750281A patent/EP1530715A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-08-19 AU AU2003269679A patent/AU2003269679A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-19 US US10/525,338 patent/US20060144705A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-19 WO PCT/DE2003/002777 patent/WO2004020990A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL8602668A (nl) * | 1986-10-24 | 1988-05-16 | Sentron V O F | Referentie-elektrode, alsmede houder voor een materiaal dat via een effusie-opening diffusiebeheerst aan de omgeving kan worden afgegeven. |
US5102526A (en) * | 1990-05-02 | 1992-04-07 | The University Of Michigan | Solid state ion sensor with silicon membrane |
EP0681862A2 (de) * | 1994-05-09 | 1995-11-15 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Verbundmembran und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 8824, Derwent World Patents Index; Class A85, AN 1988-166268, XP002267578 * |
HANSTEIN S ET AL: "Miniaturised carbon dioxide sensor designed for measurements within plant leaves", SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B, vol. 81, no. 1, 15 December 2001 (2001-12-15), ISSN 0925-4005, pages 107 - 114, XP004324027 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003269679A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 |
AU2003269679A8 (en) | 2004-03-19 |
DE10239264A1 (de) | 2004-03-04 |
US20060144705A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
EP1530715A1 (de) | 2005-05-18 |
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