WO2004010917A1 - 吸収性物品のトップシート、該トップシートを用いた吸収性物品、及びトップシートの選択、評価方法 - Google Patents
吸収性物品のトップシート、該トップシートを用いた吸収性物品、及びトップシートの選択、評価方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004010917A1 WO2004010917A1 PCT/JP2003/009379 JP0309379W WO2004010917A1 WO 2004010917 A1 WO2004010917 A1 WO 2004010917A1 JP 0309379 W JP0309379 W JP 0309379W WO 2004010917 A1 WO2004010917 A1 WO 2004010917A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- top sheet
- contact
- max value
- skin
- feeling
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
- A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
- A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
- A61F13/513—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
- A61F2013/15284—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency characterized by quantifiable properties
Definitions
- Top sheet of absorbent article absorbent article using the top sheet, and selection and evaluation method of top sheet
- This effort relates to the topsheets of absorbent articles, the absorbent articles using the topsheets, and their selection and evaluation method. More specifically, the present invention relates to improving the salat feeling in a topsheet used for absorbent articles such as disposable napkins and sanitary napkins.
- Absorbent articles such as disposable diapers and sanitary napkins usually include an absorbent core made of a highly absorbent material, a liquid-permeable top sheet on the side that comes into contact with the wearer's skin across the core, and an opposite side. Liquid-impermeable back sheet.
- the absorbent core has excellent absorption performance, such as a small amount of absorption, a low absorption rate, and a small amount of reversion. Furthermore, the performance of the topsheet plays an important role in improving the wearer's comfort.
- Non-woven fabrics such as polyolefin and polyester are used as the top sheet of absorbent articles.
- the surface of these non-woven fabrics is treated with a surfactant or a water-repellent material.
- a surfactant or a water-repellent material are known (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 54-15 / 72, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-15192).
- the feeling of sarat when wearing the P-absorbing article is based on the time required for bodily fluid to be excreted and permeating the top sheet of the absorbent article, It was found that it depends on the amount of moisture existing between the skin and the absorbent article after passing through the sheet.
- the water permeability and the absorption rate corresponding to the time required for the absorbent article to pass through the top sheet have been improved.
- the water content after permeation has not been improved.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the related art. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a topsheet of an absorbent article having an improved salat feeling and an absorbent article using the same. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating and selecting a topsheet having an improved salat feeling and an absorbent article using the same. ,
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, it is possible to evaluate the salat sensation of the top sheet by using, as an index, the feeling of cold and warm contact felt when human skin comes into contact with an object. This led to the present invention.
- the present inventors have introduced a maximum heat transfer amount (q-max value) related to heat transfer characteristics as a target index for evaluating the contact cooling / heating sensation, and have selected and selected a top sheet having a good salat feeling. / Or rated.
- q-max value a maximum heat transfer amount related to heat transfer characteristics
- the liquid-permeable topsheet of the absorbent article measured the maximum heat transfer amount (q-max value) when wet as the contact cooling and warming sensation, but came into contact with the wearer's skin of the topsheet. 1 in terms of the side. 1 kw / m 2 or less, and, 0 from q- max value of the surface on the side where q- max value of the surface of you contact the absorber side is in contact with the wearer's skin. It is related to a top sheet characterized by being larger than 5 kw / m z .
- the surface in contact with the skin is made smaller than the surface in contact with the absorber, and a difference is provided between the q-max values between the two.
- the difference between the q-max values includes one in which the value in the thickness direction of the top sheet varies stepwise, one having a continuous gradient, and one in which the front and rear surfaces differ.
- Such a topsheet is preferably used in an absorbent article that is formed by the topsheet, the liquid-impermeable pack sheet, and the absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet.
- the present invention also provides a method for selecting and Z or evaluating a top sheet of an absorbent article having a good salat feeling by using the maximum heat transfer amount (q-max value) at the time of wetness measured as a contact cold / hot feeling as an index.
- q-max value the maximum heat transfer amount
- the q- max value when wet is 1.1 kw / m 2 or less on the side of the top sheet that is in contact with the wearer's skin, and the side that is in contact with the absorber.
- Roh q- max value of the surface on the side in contact with the wearer's skin q -. be referenced to max value from 0 5 kw / m 2 or more large, the Toppushi Ichito good absorbent article Innovation Sarah feeling It also concerns the method of selection and / or evaluation.
- the maximum heat transfer amount (q- max value) when wet is used as an index, it is possible to objectively evaluate the salat feeling of the top sheet, and even at the top sheet production site, the top sheet that matches the wearing feeling of the wearer Can be selected and / or evaluated.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a q-max value measuring device according to the present invention.
- 1 indicates a pure copper plate
- 2 indicates a T-B0X
- 3 indicates a water box.
- Examples of the absorbent article according to the present invention include a paper mat, a sanitary napkin, a vaginal liner, and a breast milk pad.
- the present invention can be applied to incontinence shorts and the like.
- the present invention is characterized in that a q-ma value is used to evaluate the salat feeling of the top sheet of the absorbent article.
- the use of the heat transfer characteristic (maximum heat transfer) q-max value can be used.
- WATER-ABSORBING HYGIENE PR0DUCTS ". It is said that the texture value, such as the softness and the smoothness, and the moisture and heat transfer characteristics of Ommut itself are deeply related to the comfort that humans perceive.However, in this paper, the q-max value and The relationship between the water content and the water content is expressed as a regression equation.
- the q-max value is a measurement that simulates heat transfer and is related to the cool and warm sensation that an article, such as an absorbent article, feels when it comes into contact with human skin.
- the q-max value (kw / m 2 ) is the maximum heat transfer measured using a precision rapid thermophysical property measuring device.
- a precision rapid thermophysical property measuring apparatus is THERMO LABO II (KES-F7) manufactured by Kato Tech.
- the q value is a value obtained by measuring the heat flow in which heat is stored in a pure copper plate mounted on a heat insulating material and immediately after this heat comes into contact with the sample surface, the stored heat moves to the sample object on the low-temperature side. Since the heat flow signal reaches a peak approximately 0.2 seconds after contact, this peak value is defined as the q-max value.
- the q-max value is related to the cooling sensation felt when human skin comes into contact with the sample object.
- the q-max value of the top sheet at the time of jetting is measured by the following method.
- the measurement is performed in a constant temperature and humidity room set at room temperature of 20 ° C and humidity of 65% RH.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a device for measuring the q-max value.
- KES- temperature control system of F7 is pure copper plate mounted on the cross-sectional heated material (1) (area 9 cm 2, the mass 9. 79 g), the heat source to provide a temperature difference to the sample T-BOX (2), the sample A water box (3), which is a constant temperature stand for maintaining the temperature at room temperature.
- the pure copper plate (1) is a heat storage plate and has a built-in precision temperature sensor.
- the water box (3) has an infinite heat capacity by flowing constant-temperature water inside.
- the sample (top sheet) for which the q-max value is to be measured should be left in a constant temperature and humidity room (room temperature 20 ° C, humidity 65% RH) for at least one week.
- the temperature of the pure copper plate (1) with an area of 25 cm 2 is set at 30 ° C, and the temperature of the water box (3) is set at 20 ° C.
- the q-max value at the time of wetness is used as an index, and the value of “at the time of wetness” refers to a physiological saline solution obtained by dropping physiological saline onto a simulated absorbent body having a top sheet as described above. This refers to the measurement immediately after the permeation of the saline solution.
- the top sheet When measuring the q-max value, place the top sheet on the water box with the side in contact with the skin facing up, and then measure the q-max value on the top sheet in contact with the skin. The maximum value can be measured. Conversely, if the top sheet is placed on a water box with the side in contact with the absorber facing up, the q-max value on the side that contacts the top sheet absorber is measured. Can be measured.
- the q-max value of the top sheet having a good salat feeling is 1 on the side that contacts the skin of the wearer.
- the q-max value is as described above, it is a value related to the amount of water remaining in the top sheet and Z or the absorbent core. If the amount of remaining water is small, the q-max value tends to decrease. . Therefore, it is estimated that the amount of moisture remaining on the skin side can be reduced by reducing the q-max value on the skin side and increasing the q-max value on the absorber side.
- the nonwoven fabric used as the topsheet in the present invention is composed of 1 to 5 d of synthetic fibers such as polyolefin or polyester, semi-synthetic fibers such as rayon, and natural fibers such as pulp or cotton.
- Non-woven fabrics can be manufactured by a dry method such as thermal bonding, spun pond, air laid, chemical bond, or spun lace, or by a wet method.However, a dry method is generally used for the top sheet of absorbent articles. In many cases, a thermal bond nonwoven fabric having a good balance between strength and hand is particularly preferable.
- the top sheet is not limited to a nonwoven fabric, but may be an open buoy / rem.
- a liquid permeable aperture film formed by extruding a film made of a thermoplastic resin and then opening it with a hot needle, emboss, hot air or the like can be used.
- the thermoplastic resin constituting the aperture film polyethylene, polypropylene, or the like can be used alone or in combination.
- a multilayer film obtained by combining the same type or different types can be used.
- topsheet of the absorbent article must also satisfy the requirements for water resistance and air permeability.
- water resistance see JIS L1092 “Water resistance test method for textile products” Water resistance test A method
- Air permeability gas phase water flowability
- Air permeability A method (Fragile method) must be at least 5 to 700 cm 3 / cm 2 / sec. .
- moisture tends to remain at the intersections of the fibers, so if the fiber density is high, the remaining moisture increases, and the q-max value increases.
- the top sheet of the present invention can be manufactured by giving a gradient to the fiber weight per unit area, that is, the fiber density.
- the fiber density Conventionally, there has been a top sheet with a density gradient, but the density of the surface that contacts the skin is higher, or the density gradient is smaller than that of the present invention, and the surface that contacts the skin No topsheet having a density gradient such that the difference between the q-max value of the surface and the surface in contact with the absorber becomes 0.5 kw / m 2 or more is provided.
- the q-max value of the surface that is in contact with the skin is reduced, and the difference between the surface and the opposite side is increased. You can also.
- the absorbent article using the topsheet of the present invention is an absorbent article comprising the topsheet of the present invention, a liquid-impermeable backsheet, and a highly absorbent material disposed between the two sheets. Including the core.
- the backsheet is a liquid-impermeable polyethylene sheet
- the absorbent core is preferably an absorbent or absorbent sheet made of absorbent fibers such as cotton-like pulp or rayon containing a superabsorbent resin.
- a thermal bonded non-woven fabric was manufactured by the air-through bonding method and used as a top sheet.
- An average fineness of 2.2 d, an average fiber length of 4.4 mm, a core made of polyethylene terephthalate 50 Z core-sheath type fiber made of polyethylene 50 is used on the skin side, and an average fineness of 1.9 d
- a core-sheath type fiber having an average fiber length of 4.4 mm and a core of polyethylene terephthalate 50 Z and a sheath of polyethylene 50 was used on the absorber side.
- With the skin side eye 1 1 g / m 2, the absorption body side are laminated to each other so that the basis weight 1 1 g Zm 2.
- the air-sley fusing temperature was 140 ° C.
- the thickness measured according to JIS L 1906 was 0.55 mm. The thickness was measured by changing JIS L 1906 to a load of 0.3 Pa (3 gf / cm 2 ) and a measuring element area of 15 cm 2 . Similarly, nonwoven fabrics having the characteristics shown in Table 1 were produced, and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were produced. In Comparative Example 5, a long fiber having a fineness of 2.0 d was bonded with a point bond.
- the sensory evaluation was performed as follows. 6.5 cmX 6.5 cm top absorber with 10 cm x 10 cm filter paper (equivalent to JIS P3801 filter paper type 2) stacked with 10 cm x 10 cm top side facing up On top of. 20 ° C A saline solution (0.9% NaCl) 0.085 g / cm 2 is dripped evenly from the top sheet. One minute after the dropping, the side of the above-mentioned top sheet that touches the skin was touched to evaluate the feeling of sarat and the sensation of the crispness with the following seven levels, and the results are shown in Table 2. The numbers in Table 2 are the average of the evaluations obtained by touching five women. Sarat feeling
- Example 1 the q-max value when wet is 1.1 or less on the surface that contacts the skin and that the difference between the surface that contacts the skin and the surface that contacts the absorber is 0.5 or more.
- the sarat feeling and the feeling are excellent, whereas the comparative examples 1 to 5 which do not satisfy the feeling are inferior in the feeling of the sarat and the horror.
- a bread-type ommut was prepared by combining a top sheet of Example 1 or Comparative Example 3, a liquid-impermeable pack sheet made of polyethylene film, and an absorbent sheet. Seven healthy adult males and females wear these pants-type pants and sit in a constant temperature and humidity room at 26 ° C and 60% RH. (% NaCl) 80 ml was injected into a silicon tube, and after 10 minutes, a sensory evaluation was performed using the following five-step index.
- Table 3 shows the average values of the sensory evaluations of the seven persons. Here, the sense of salat was evaluated in the following five steps.
- q- max value of the wet may be a 1. 1 kw / m 2 or less in terms of side you contact with the skin of the top sheet of the wearer, and, the surface on the side in contact with the absorber It was found that when the q-max value was larger than the q-max value of the surface in contact with the wearer's skin by at least 0.5 kw / m 2 , the top sheet had an excellent salat feeling. When this is Conversely, the index q-max value during ⁇ E Tsu DOO, In more detail, 1.
- the difference in fineness between the surface of the top sheet that contacts the skin and the surface that contacts the absorber reduces the q-max value of the surface that contacts the skin, and vice versa.
- An example in which the difference between the q-max value of the side surface and the q-max value is improved to improve the feeling of sarat is given.However, in the present invention, a gradient is applied to the fiber density of the fiber layer constituting the top sheet. Even so, the q-max value of the surface in contact with the skin can be reduced, and the difference from the q-max value of the opposite surface can be increased.
- the gradient of the fiber density can be provided by giving a gradient to the thickness of each fiber layer constituting the topsheet.
- the thickness of the top sheet that contacts the skin be a
- the thickness of the absorber side be b
- q-of the surface that touches the skin The max value can be reduced.
- a larger difference of a> b is preferable because a larger gradient is generated.
- the example using the through-air of the thermal pond was given, but the same effect can be obtained by giving a gradient to the thickness of the point bond.
- a gradient to the thickness of the point bond it is possible to use a heat-compressible fiber, heat-bond it with hot embossing, then heat it again and heat-press it. There is a method to increase the pitch.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a top sheet of an absorbent article having a good salat feeling, and to select and / or evaluate a top sheet having a good salat feeling. Therefore, the present invention can provide a topsheet that meets the needs of consumers by applying it at a site where an absorbent article topsheet is produced.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03741558A EP1525866A4 (en) | 2002-07-25 | 2003-07-24 | PUBLICATION OF A HYGROSCOPIC ARTICLE, HYGROSCOPIC ARTICLE THEREOF AND SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE FOR THE EDITION |
US10/522,659 US20050288642A1 (en) | 2002-07-25 | 2003-07-24 | Top sheet of hygroscopic article, hygrosocopic article using the top sheet, and selection and evaluation method for top sheet |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002216077A JP4486300B2 (ja) | 2002-07-25 | 2002-07-25 | 吸収性物品のトップシート |
JP2002-216077 | 2002-07-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004010917A1 true WO2004010917A1 (ja) | 2004-02-05 |
Family
ID=31184563
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2003/009379 WO2004010917A1 (ja) | 2002-07-25 | 2003-07-24 | 吸収性物品のトップシート、該トップシートを用いた吸収性物品、及びトップシートの選択、評価方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050288642A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1525866A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4486300B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101069789B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1671341A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200405807A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004010917A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (11)
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JP2009178411A (ja) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-13 | Kao Corp | 使い捨ておむつ |
HUE029299T2 (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2017-02-28 | Da Volterra | Preparations for delivery of adsorbents to the intestine by mouth |
US9922686B2 (en) | 2016-05-19 | 2018-03-20 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for performing intra-module databus inversion operations |
JP6786883B2 (ja) * | 2016-05-31 | 2020-11-18 | 東レ株式会社 | 透湿防水フィルム |
US10146719B2 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2018-12-04 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Semiconductor layered device with data bus |
JP6920142B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-06 | 2021-08-18 | 花王株式会社 | 吸収性物品用シート及び吸収性物品 |
CN109718012A (zh) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-05-07 | 捷恩智株式会社 | 吸收性物品 |
US10664432B2 (en) | 2018-05-23 | 2020-05-26 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Semiconductor layered device with data bus inversion |
CN109142182A (zh) * | 2018-07-27 | 2019-01-04 | 广州市汉氏卫生用品有限公司 | 吸收性卫生制品的吸收速度、扩散长度、渗漏量和反渗量的测试方法 |
US10964702B2 (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2021-03-30 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Semiconductor device with first-in-first-out circuit |
US11052906B2 (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2021-07-06 | Caterpillar Inc. | Dynamic roll over control system for machines |
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2002
- 2002-07-25 JP JP2002216077A patent/JP4486300B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2003
- 2003-07-24 WO PCT/JP2003/009379 patent/WO2004010917A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-07-24 CN CNA038176998A patent/CN1671341A/zh active Pending
- 2003-07-24 EP EP03741558A patent/EP1525866A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-07-24 KR KR1020057000942A patent/KR101069789B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-24 US US10/522,659 patent/US20050288642A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-25 TW TW092120323A patent/TW200405807A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10219568A (ja) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-18 | Kobayashi Pharmaceut Co Ltd | 吸水材用表面材及びそれを用いた体液吸収材 |
JPH11276519A (ja) * | 1998-03-26 | 1999-10-12 | Uni Charm Corp | 体液吸収性物品の表面シート |
JP2001046433A (ja) * | 1999-06-18 | 2001-02-20 | Mcneil Ppc Inc | 吸収性物品用単一化不織カバー移行層及びそれを用いた吸収性物品 |
JP2002159460A (ja) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-06-04 | Uni Charm Corp | 吸収性物品の評価及び選択方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1525866A1 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
KR20050023438A (ko) | 2005-03-09 |
JP4486300B2 (ja) | 2010-06-23 |
TW200405807A (en) | 2004-04-16 |
KR101069789B1 (ko) | 2011-10-05 |
US20050288642A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
JP2004057254A (ja) | 2004-02-26 |
EP1525866A4 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
CN1671341A (zh) | 2005-09-21 |
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