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US7145443B2 - Casing structure of transmitter for use in tire condition monitoring apparatus - Google Patents

Casing structure of transmitter for use in tire condition monitoring apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US7145443B2
US7145443B2 US10/697,614 US69761403A US7145443B2 US 7145443 B2 US7145443 B2 US 7145443B2 US 69761403 A US69761403 A US 69761403A US 7145443 B2 US7145443 B2 US 7145443B2
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
valve stem
casing
tire
jig
transmitter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US10/697,614
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English (en)
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US20040178898A1 (en
Inventor
Yoshitaka Ito
Setsuhiro Saheki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pacific Industrial Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Pacific Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pacific Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Pacific Industrial Co Ltd
Assigned to PACIFIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. reassignment PACIFIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ITO, YOSHITAKA, SAHEKI, SETSUHIRO
Publication of US20040178898A1 publication Critical patent/US20040178898A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US7145443B2 publication Critical patent/US7145443B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0491—Constructional details of means for attaching the control device
    • B60C23/0494—Valve stem attachments positioned inside the tyre chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/3584—Inflatable article [e.g., tire filling chuck and/or stem]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53552—Valve applying or removing
    • Y10T29/53591—Valve applying or removing to or from wheel rim of resilient tire or tube

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tire condition monitoring apparatus and, more particularly, to a casing structure in a wireless-communication-type tire condition monitoring apparatus which enables tire conditions including the air pressure in a tire to be checked from the interior of a vehicle.
  • Snap-in valves in which a valve stem and rubber are formed integrally with each other under vulcanization conditions have been frequently used as vehicle tire valves.
  • a snap-in valve When a snap-in valve is mounted, an end portion of the valve stem is first passed through a valve hole from the inside of a wheel, with a valve cap screwed on the extreme end portion of the valve stem. The snap-in valve is then press-fitted in the valve hole. A sealing surface formed in a peripheral direction at the base end of the snap-in valve is thereby placed in the valve hole. As a result, the sealing surface adheres to the surface of the valve hole to maintain airtightness of the tire. (See Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 32-6 or a document from Japanese Standards Association “JIS Handbook, 2001, (18) Automobiles-Parts & Components”, JIS D4207, Tyre Valves for Automobiles, pp. 1400–1408).
  • valves heretofore used include clamp-in valves.
  • an end portion of the valve stem is passed through a valve hole of a wheel from the inside of the wheel, and the valve stem is fixed in the valve hole of the wheel by a valve nut fitted from the outside of the wheel.
  • valve stem is mounted in a valve hole by using an automatic mounting machine
  • the above-described operation is performed by the automatic mounting machine while the base end of the valve stem is held by a jig.
  • Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2000-81358 discloses a wireless-communication-type tire condition monitoring apparatus for checking the conditions of tires mounted to a vehicle from the interior of the vehicle.
  • the tire condition monitoring apparatus has a plurality of transmitters attached to wheels in combination with the tires, and a receiver provided on a body of the vehicle. Each transmitter measures the conditions of the corresponding tire including the air pressure and the temperature in the tire to obtain data indicating the measured tire conditions, and transmits the data to the receiver by wireless communication.
  • a casing for accommodating the transmitter is provided on the base end of the valve stem.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a casing structure of a transmitter for use in a tire conditioning monitoring apparatus which enables the valve stem to be mounted to a wheel by using an automatic mounting machine.
  • the present invention provides a transmitter for use in a tire condition monitoring apparatus.
  • the transmitter is mounted in a wheel of a vehicle by an automatic mounting machine.
  • the automatic mounting machine has a jig.
  • the transmitter has a measuring-transmitting portion, a valve stem and a casing.
  • the measuring-transmitting portion measures data representing the conditions of a tire mounted on the wheel, and transmits data indicating the condition of the tire.
  • the valve stem is inserted into the wheel and allows air to flow into the tire.
  • the casing accommodates the measuring-transmitting portion.
  • the casing has an engagement portion. The jig of the automatic mounting machine engages with the engagement portion during mounting.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a transmitter for use in a tire condition monitoring apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining operations performed to mount the transmitter shown in FIG. 1 to a wheel;
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a transmitter for use in a tire condition monitoring apparatus in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining operations performed to mount the transmitter shown in FIG. 3 to a wheel.
  • a casing structure of a transmitter 1 for use in a tire condition monitoring apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • a valve cap 11 is screwed on the end portion of a valve stem 10 .
  • a fixing portion 13 is formed for fixing the valve stem 10 in a valve hole 21 of a wheel 20 in such a manner that a valve nut 12 is screwed on the fixing portion 13 from the outside.
  • the tire valve of this embodiment is a clamp-in valve.
  • the diameter of the fixing portion 13 is larger than that of the valve cap 11 . Therefore, the end portion of the valve stem 10 can be passed through the valve nut 12 to enable the valve nut 12 to be screwed on the fixing portion 13 even in a state where the valve cap 11 is screwed on the end portion of the valve stem 10 .
  • a grommet 14 which is brought into contact with the inner surface of the valve hole 21 of the wheel 20 to maintain airtightness for enclosing air in the tire is attached to a lower section of the fixing portion 13 .
  • An air hole 15 for filling the tire with externally supplied air is formed in the valve stem 10 from the extreme end to the base end.
  • a casing 30 to be accommodated in the tire On the base end of the valve stem 10 , a casing 30 to be accommodated in the tire is provided.
  • the casing 30 has a generally rectangular shape.
  • a measuring-transmitting unit 40 is accommodated in the casing 30 .
  • the measuring-transmitting unit 40 measures tire conditions including the air pressure and the internal temperature in the tire to obtain data indicating the measured tire conditions, and transmits the data to a receiver (not shown) by wireless communication.
  • the casing 30 At a center of the casing 30 to which a prolongation of the center axis line of valve stem 10 extends, the casing 30 has a bulging portion 31 which bulges out relative to opposite end portions of the casing 30 .
  • an air hole 32 is formed for filling the tire with air supplied through the air hole 15 in the valve stem 10 . Air supplied through the air hole 15 in the valve stem 10 is introduced into the tire through the air hole 32 .
  • a recessed portion 33 which is an engagement portion, is formed.
  • a jig 50 of an automatic mounting machine (not shown) contacts the recess 33 , and the recess 33 engages with the casing 30 .
  • the valve stem 10 with the casing 30 is held by the jig 50 of the automatic mounting machine.
  • the end portion of the valve stem 10 is passed through the valve hole 21 of the wheel 20 from the inside of the wheel 20 .
  • the valve nut 12 is screwed on the fixing portion 13 by the automatic mounting machine or a worker.
  • the valve stem 10 with the casing 30 is thereby mounted in the valve hole 21 of the wheel 20 .
  • the casing 30 is brought into contact with a drop center portion 22 of the wheel 20 . Therefore, the casing 30 is not spaced apart from the drop center portion 22 of the wheel 20 even when a centrifugal force is applied to the casing 30 by the rotation of the tire during traveling of the vehicle.
  • This embodiment has the advantages described below.
  • the recessed portion 33 is formed with which the jig 50 of the automatic mounting machine engages the casing 30 .
  • the valve stem 10 with the casing 30 is held by the jig 50 of the automatic mounting machine.
  • Each of the valve stem 10 with the casing 30 and the valve stem 10 without the casing 30 can be mounted in the valve hole 21 of the wheel 20 by using the jig 50 of some of the existing automatic mounting machines.
  • good use can be made of the existing automatic mounting machines, and there is no possibility of the cost of capital spending being increased even in the case of mounting the valve stem 10 with the casing 30 in the valve hole 21 of the wheel 20 .
  • the recessed portion 33 On a prolongation of the center axis line of the valve stem 10 , the recessed portion 33 , with which the jig 50 of the automatic mounting machine engages, is formed on the casing 30 , so that the center axis line of the jig 50 of the automatic mounting machine and the center axis line of the valve stem 10 coincide with each other.
  • the end portion of the valve stem 10 can be easily passed through the valve hole 21 of the wheel 20 and therefore, the valve stem 10 can be easily mounted in the valve hole 21 of the wheel 20 .
  • the air hole 32 formed at the center of the bulging portion 31 functions as the recessed portion 33 in the above-described embodiment. That is, the air hole 32 may be formed in the casing 30 on a prolongation of the center axis line of the valve stem 10 so as to have both the function of the air hole 32 and the function of the recess 33 .
  • the recessed portion 33 held by the jig 50 of the automatic mounting machine should have such a shape that the rotation of the valve stem 10 with the casing 30 is limited, for example, an elliptical shape, a triangular shape, a rectangular shape, a star shape, or the like.
  • the recessed portion 33 may have the shape of a true circle if an arrangement for limiting the rotation of the valve stem 10 is used.
  • the recessed portion 33 in the above-described embodiment is replaced with a projecting portion if the jig 50 of the automatic mounting machine is formed so as to have a recessed shape.
  • the above-described embodiment may be applied to a snap-in valve having a casing 30 .
  • valve cap 11 screwed on the end of the valve stem 10 may be used for positioning of the valve stem 10 with respect to the valve hole 21 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
US10/697,614 2003-02-28 2003-10-29 Casing structure of transmitter for use in tire condition monitoring apparatus Expired - Fee Related US7145443B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003053172A JP4070634B2 (ja) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 タイヤ状態監視装置用送信機のケーシング構造
JP2003-053172 2003-02-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040178898A1 US20040178898A1 (en) 2004-09-16
US7145443B2 true US7145443B2 (en) 2006-12-05

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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US10/697,614 Expired - Fee Related US7145443B2 (en) 2003-02-28 2003-10-29 Casing structure of transmitter for use in tire condition monitoring apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7145443B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP1452347B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP4070634B2 (ja)
DE (1) DE60311229T2 (ja)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060272758A1 (en) * 2005-06-03 2006-12-07 Jeffrey Yin Package for a tire pressure sensor assembly
US20070186637A1 (en) * 2006-02-02 2007-08-16 Trw Automotive U.S. Llc Tire pressure monitoring apparatus
US20080029194A1 (en) * 2006-08-02 2008-02-07 Conroy Joseph P Pressure control system
US20080257028A1 (en) * 2007-04-20 2008-10-23 Mobiletron Electronics Co., Ltd. Tire pressure gauge
US20090206294A1 (en) * 2008-02-20 2009-08-20 Orange Electronic Co., Ltd. Valve stem with a connecting cap for a tire pressure detector
US20090223570A1 (en) * 2008-03-10 2009-09-10 Hung-Chih Yu Valve Stem Assembly for Clamping A Tire Pressure Detector
US20100024539A1 (en) * 2008-08-01 2010-02-04 Lear Corporation Snap-in tire valve
US20110079337A1 (en) * 2006-11-09 2011-04-07 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. Tire Valve Fixing Element
US20110203711A1 (en) * 2006-06-09 2011-08-25 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. Tire valve and process for removing it
US20120222478A1 (en) * 2009-11-16 2012-09-06 The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. Transmission device for transmitting information about tire condition and tire condition monitoring system
US20130061456A1 (en) * 2009-11-20 2013-03-14 Ldl Technology Method of replacing a detection housing placed inside the wheels of a vehicle, device and sensor allowing the implementation thereof
US20130233069A1 (en) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Nissan North America, Inc. Retention member on valve stem sealing grommet
US20130340516A1 (en) * 2007-06-05 2013-12-26 Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. Formed flange for pressure monitoring valve stem mount

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060196259A1 (en) * 2005-03-02 2006-09-07 Chin-Yao Hsu Aerial of wireless tire pressure monitoring device
DE102008013050A1 (de) † 2008-03-06 2009-09-10 Beru Ag Gehäusebefestigung an Snap-In-Ventil
WO2014017435A1 (ja) * 2012-07-24 2014-01-30 横浜ゴム株式会社 送信装置、タイヤ状態監視システム、及びタイヤ組立体
JP6447070B2 (ja) * 2014-12-08 2019-01-09 日産自動車株式会社 タイヤ状態監視装置の取付方法及び取付装置
DE102015210461A1 (de) * 2015-06-08 2016-12-08 Alligator Ventilfabrik Gmbh Reifenventil für einen Luftreifen eines Fahrzeugs
CN113635719B (zh) * 2021-08-05 2022-03-08 邢玲玲 一种电动车轮胎充气装置

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5844131A (en) * 1995-06-26 1998-12-01 Alligator Ventilfabrik Gmbh Tire pressure sensor apparatus for a pneumatic tire of a vehicle
JP2000081358A (ja) 1998-09-07 2000-03-21 Pacific Ind Co Ltd タイヤ空気圧警報装置用送信機のケーシング構造
US6055855A (en) * 1999-05-26 2000-05-02 Trw Inc. Tire pressure sensor wheel attachment apparatus
US6101870A (en) * 1997-11-10 2000-08-15 Pacific Industrial Co., Ltd. Tire air pressure monitoring device using the wheel or a coil wound around the stem as the transmitter antenna
US6163255A (en) 1998-05-20 2000-12-19 Schrader-Bridgeport International, Inc. Tire valve and associated tire pressure sending unit
US6481083B1 (en) 1999-06-25 2002-11-19 Burke E. Porter Machinery Company Robotic apparatus and method for mounting a vale stem on a wheel rim
US6568259B2 (en) * 2001-03-12 2003-05-27 Pacific Industrial Co., Ltd. Transmitter for tire condition monitoring apparatus
US6591672B2 (en) * 2000-09-02 2003-07-15 Lite-On Automotive Corporation Condition sensor of pneumatic tire
US20040163456A1 (en) * 2003-02-24 2004-08-26 Pacific Industrial Co., Ltd. Transmitter mounting structure for tire condition monitoring apparatus

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5844131A (en) * 1995-06-26 1998-12-01 Alligator Ventilfabrik Gmbh Tire pressure sensor apparatus for a pneumatic tire of a vehicle
US6101870A (en) * 1997-11-10 2000-08-15 Pacific Industrial Co., Ltd. Tire air pressure monitoring device using the wheel or a coil wound around the stem as the transmitter antenna
US6163255A (en) 1998-05-20 2000-12-19 Schrader-Bridgeport International, Inc. Tire valve and associated tire pressure sending unit
JP2000081358A (ja) 1998-09-07 2000-03-21 Pacific Ind Co Ltd タイヤ空気圧警報装置用送信機のケーシング構造
US6160474A (en) * 1998-09-07 2000-12-12 Pacific Industrial Co., Ltd. Transmitter casing for a tire air pressure warning apparatus
US6055855A (en) * 1999-05-26 2000-05-02 Trw Inc. Tire pressure sensor wheel attachment apparatus
US6481083B1 (en) 1999-06-25 2002-11-19 Burke E. Porter Machinery Company Robotic apparatus and method for mounting a vale stem on a wheel rim
US6591672B2 (en) * 2000-09-02 2003-07-15 Lite-On Automotive Corporation Condition sensor of pneumatic tire
US6568259B2 (en) * 2001-03-12 2003-05-27 Pacific Industrial Co., Ltd. Transmitter for tire condition monitoring apparatus
US20040163456A1 (en) * 2003-02-24 2004-08-26 Pacific Industrial Co., Ltd. Transmitter mounting structure for tire condition monitoring apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Tyre Valves for Automobiles," JIS Handbook 2001, (18) Automobiles-Parts & Components, JIS D4207, pp. 1400-1408.

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060272758A1 (en) * 2005-06-03 2006-12-07 Jeffrey Yin Package for a tire pressure sensor assembly
US7281421B2 (en) * 2005-06-03 2007-10-16 Temic Automotive Of North America, Inc. Package for a tire pressure sensor assembly
US20070186637A1 (en) * 2006-02-02 2007-08-16 Trw Automotive U.S. Llc Tire pressure monitoring apparatus
US7568386B2 (en) * 2006-02-02 2009-08-04 Trw Automotive U.S. Llc Tire pressure monitoring apparatus allowing for relative movement between a pressure transducer and a valve stem
US8245747B2 (en) * 2006-06-09 2012-08-21 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. Tire valve and process for removing it
US20110203711A1 (en) * 2006-06-09 2011-08-25 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. Tire valve and process for removing it
US20080029194A1 (en) * 2006-08-02 2008-02-07 Conroy Joseph P Pressure control system
US20110079337A1 (en) * 2006-11-09 2011-04-07 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. Tire Valve Fixing Element
US8776850B2 (en) * 2006-11-09 2014-07-15 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. Tire valve fixing element
US7562566B2 (en) * 2007-04-20 2009-07-21 Mobiltron Electronics Co,. Ltd. Tire pressure gauge with displacement limiting members
US20080257028A1 (en) * 2007-04-20 2008-10-23 Mobiletron Electronics Co., Ltd. Tire pressure gauge
US20130340516A1 (en) * 2007-06-05 2013-12-26 Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. Formed flange for pressure monitoring valve stem mount
US9630460B2 (en) * 2007-06-05 2017-04-25 Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. Formed flange for pressure monitoring valve stem mount
US7775095B2 (en) * 2008-02-20 2010-08-17 Orange Electronic Co., Ltd. Valve stem with a connecting cap for a tire pressure detector
US20090206294A1 (en) * 2008-02-20 2009-08-20 Orange Electronic Co., Ltd. Valve stem with a connecting cap for a tire pressure detector
US7870866B2 (en) * 2008-03-10 2011-01-18 Orange Electronic Co., Ltd. Valve stem assembly for clamping a tire pressure detector
US20090223570A1 (en) * 2008-03-10 2009-09-10 Hung-Chih Yu Valve Stem Assembly for Clamping A Tire Pressure Detector
US20100024539A1 (en) * 2008-08-01 2010-02-04 Lear Corporation Snap-in tire valve
US8047068B2 (en) * 2008-08-01 2011-11-01 Schrader Electronics, Inc. Snap-in tire valve
US20120222478A1 (en) * 2009-11-16 2012-09-06 The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. Transmission device for transmitting information about tire condition and tire condition monitoring system
US8707778B2 (en) * 2009-11-16 2014-04-29 The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. Transmission device for transmitting information about tire condition and tire condition monitoring system
US9415642B2 (en) * 2009-11-20 2016-08-16 Ldl Technology Method of replacing a detection housing placed inside the wheels of a vehicle, device and sensor allowing the implementation thereof
US20130061456A1 (en) * 2009-11-20 2013-03-14 Ldl Technology Method of replacing a detection housing placed inside the wheels of a vehicle, device and sensor allowing the implementation thereof
US8650945B2 (en) * 2012-03-09 2014-02-18 Nissan North America, Inc. Retention member on valve stem sealing grommet
US20130233069A1 (en) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Nissan North America, Inc. Retention member on valve stem sealing grommet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20040178898A1 (en) 2004-09-16
DE60311229T2 (de) 2007-10-11
EP1452347B1 (en) 2007-01-17
DE60311229D1 (de) 2007-03-08
JP2004262291A (ja) 2004-09-24
EP1452347A3 (en) 2005-06-15
JP4070634B2 (ja) 2008-04-02
EP1452347A2 (en) 2004-09-01

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