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US3400294A - Heated cathode and method of manufacture - Google Patents

Heated cathode and method of manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
US3400294A
US3400294A US418591A US41859164A US3400294A US 3400294 A US3400294 A US 3400294A US 418591 A US418591 A US 418591A US 41859164 A US41859164 A US 41859164A US 3400294 A US3400294 A US 3400294A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
heater element
ceramic
metal
slurry
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US418591A
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English (en)
Inventor
August J Kling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US418591A priority Critical patent/US3400294A/en
Priority to BE673331D priority patent/BE673331A/xx
Priority to FR41173A priority patent/FR1460995A/fr
Priority to NL6515865A priority patent/NL6515865A/xx
Priority to US680517A priority patent/US3528156A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3400294A publication Critical patent/US3400294A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
    • H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment

Definitions

  • Another object of this invention is to provide an improved electrically insulated heated cathode which is more efficient because heat transfer to the cathode surface is quite direct and effective.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a high temperature ceramic discharge device embodying the FIG. 7 cathode
  • FIG. 9 is a view of another embodiment of the heated cathode according to the present invention.
  • a number of metal powders and combinations and mixtures thereof are suitable for roughening purposes.
  • a basic powder is usually one of the refractory materials such as molybdenum, tungsten or rhenium, molybdenum or tungsten being preferred. This basic powder will pro vide the interlocking anchorages for the ceramic material.
  • a soldering metal powder such as platinum or a semireactive metal powder such as niobium, vanadium, zirconium, or tantalum. The last four are conveniently employed in the form of a hydride. Powder size should be rather fine, e.g., in the range of about 2 to 10 microns.
  • A1 0 or CaO can be used individually if desired.
  • Other suitable ceramic materials which have adherent properties and good heat conductivity may be employed either singly or in a mixture. Such materials include beryllia, lanthana, yttria, hafnia, magnesia and the rare earth oxides. It is desirable the ceramic have expansion characteristics similar to the cathode metal.
  • the unit is dried and then fired at about 1700 C. (or higher for the more refractory materials) in vacuum or suitable atmosphere, for about 10 minutes, firing the ceramic in place and keeping integral the sintering of ceramic to ceramic and the ceramic to the filamentary conductor.
  • the metal powder employed for connecting the end conductors to the filament is sintered and bonded by the same heat treatment.
  • the volt-ampere characteristic of the heater element therefore is a measure of the cathode temperature and becomes sensitive to heat energy also received or given up by the cathode in relation to other sources, e.g., ion bombardment, electron cooling, etc.
  • a first slurry layer of ceramic material may be deposited around cylindrical extension at 10 and then fired, after which a second layer of ceramic material is employed to partially embed the heater element.
  • one slurry of ceramic material 12 may be adhered around the cylindrical extension 10 and the heater element positioned therein for firing in one step, In this case it may be convenient to deposit one layer of slurry which is then dried.
  • Another layer of slurry, having a binder, not compatible with the first layers binder, is then deposited and the heater element partially embedded therein. It is understood that end connections are also applied as described in connection with the previous embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 there is illustrated a cross-section of the miniature high temperature discharge device employing the heated cathode of FIG. 7.
  • the cathode 13 is supported in a 0.0005 inch thick fernico type alloy cylinder 14 which is in turn attached to cathode connecting ring 15.
  • cylinder 14 closes off the underside of the cathode from the interelectrode or electron -discharge region of the device.
  • anode 16 formed of titanium
  • a titanium grid 17 supported on a titanium connecting ring 18 is interposed between the cathode and the anode.

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  • Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
US418591A 1964-12-07 1964-12-07 Heated cathode and method of manufacture Expired - Lifetime US3400294A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US418591A US3400294A (en) 1964-12-07 1964-12-07 Heated cathode and method of manufacture
BE673331D BE673331A (fr) 1964-12-07 1965-12-06
FR41173A FR1460995A (fr) 1964-12-07 1965-12-07 Cathode chaude et son procédé de fabrication
NL6515865A NL6515865A (fr) 1964-12-07 1965-12-07
US680517A US3528156A (en) 1964-12-07 1967-11-03 Method of manufacturing heated cathode

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US418591A US3400294A (en) 1964-12-07 1964-12-07 Heated cathode and method of manufacture
US680517A US3528156A (en) 1964-12-07 1967-11-03 Method of manufacturing heated cathode

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3400294A true US3400294A (en) 1968-09-03

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US418591A Expired - Lifetime US3400294A (en) 1964-12-07 1964-12-07 Heated cathode and method of manufacture
US680517A Expired - Lifetime US3528156A (en) 1964-12-07 1967-11-03 Method of manufacturing heated cathode

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US680517A Expired - Lifetime US3528156A (en) 1964-12-07 1967-11-03 Method of manufacturing heated cathode

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US3400294A (fr)
BE (1) BE673331A (fr)
FR (1) FR1460995A (fr)
NL (1) NL6515865A (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3581144A (en) * 1969-03-27 1971-05-25 Gen Electric Metal-clad insulated electrical heater
US3720985A (en) * 1971-06-30 1973-03-20 Gte Sylvania Inc Method of improving adherence of emissive material in thermionic cathodes
US3722045A (en) * 1971-06-30 1973-03-27 Gte Sylvania Inc Methods of improving adherence of emissive material in thermionic cathodes
FR2476386A1 (fr) * 1980-02-15 1981-08-21 Thomson Csf Element chauffant pour cathode a chauffage indirect, procede de fabrication d'un tel element et cathode a chauffage indirect comportant un tel element
US20050001531A1 (en) * 2002-03-05 2005-01-06 Takao Mineta Coil filament
US20200113020A1 (en) * 2018-10-05 2020-04-09 Serendipity Technologies Llc Low power high-efficiency heating element
US11244800B2 (en) 2020-06-18 2022-02-08 Axcelis Technologies, Inc. Stepped indirectly heated cathode with improved shielding

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3671792A (en) * 1969-10-29 1972-06-20 Itt Fast warm-up indirectly heated cathode structure
US3710161A (en) * 1970-10-30 1973-01-09 Gen Electric Quick-heating impregnated planar cathode
JPS51147171A (en) * 1975-06-11 1976-12-17 Sony Corp Flat surface multilayer cathode
US5713775A (en) * 1995-05-02 1998-02-03 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Field emitters of wide-bandgap materials and methods for their fabrication
US20210106056A1 (en) * 2019-10-10 2021-04-15 Tuanfang Liu Atomization core

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1431825A (en) * 1921-07-18 1922-10-10 Lemoine Henri Guido Electric resistance heater
US2451297A (en) * 1944-08-01 1948-10-12 Rca Corp Rugged gaseous discharge triodes
US2577239A (en) * 1949-09-12 1951-12-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Cathode and heater structure for electron tubes
US2864968A (en) * 1955-10-14 1958-12-16 Varian Associates Cathode structure
US2981897A (en) * 1954-10-22 1961-04-25 Gen Electric Electric discharge device and socket
FR1260743A (fr) * 1960-03-31 1961-05-12 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Procédé de fabrication de cathodes à chauffage indirect pour tubes électroniqueset cathodes fabriquées suivant ce procédé
US3226806A (en) * 1960-03-18 1966-01-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Method of making a cathode heater assembly

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3041209A (en) * 1955-06-28 1962-06-26 Gen Electric Method of making a thermionic cathode
GB820504A (en) * 1956-07-20 1959-09-23 Mullard Radio Valve Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to cathodes
US3307241A (en) * 1963-10-14 1967-03-07 Litton Prec Products Inc Process for making cathodes

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1431825A (en) * 1921-07-18 1922-10-10 Lemoine Henri Guido Electric resistance heater
US2451297A (en) * 1944-08-01 1948-10-12 Rca Corp Rugged gaseous discharge triodes
US2577239A (en) * 1949-09-12 1951-12-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Cathode and heater structure for electron tubes
US2981897A (en) * 1954-10-22 1961-04-25 Gen Electric Electric discharge device and socket
US2864968A (en) * 1955-10-14 1958-12-16 Varian Associates Cathode structure
US3226806A (en) * 1960-03-18 1966-01-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Method of making a cathode heater assembly
FR1260743A (fr) * 1960-03-31 1961-05-12 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Procédé de fabrication de cathodes à chauffage indirect pour tubes électroniqueset cathodes fabriquées suivant ce procédé
GB898448A (en) * 1960-03-31 1962-06-06 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Cathode assembly

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3581144A (en) * 1969-03-27 1971-05-25 Gen Electric Metal-clad insulated electrical heater
US3720985A (en) * 1971-06-30 1973-03-20 Gte Sylvania Inc Method of improving adherence of emissive material in thermionic cathodes
US3722045A (en) * 1971-06-30 1973-03-27 Gte Sylvania Inc Methods of improving adherence of emissive material in thermionic cathodes
FR2476386A1 (fr) * 1980-02-15 1981-08-21 Thomson Csf Element chauffant pour cathode a chauffage indirect, procede de fabrication d'un tel element et cathode a chauffage indirect comportant un tel element
EP0034512A2 (fr) * 1980-02-15 1981-08-26 Thomson-Csf Elément chauffant pour cathode à chauffage indirect, procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément, et cathode à chauffage indirect comportant un tel élément
EP0034512A3 (fr) * 1980-02-15 1982-05-26 Thomson-Csf Elément chauffant pour cathode à chauffage indirect, procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément, et cathode à chauffage indirect comportant un tel élément
US20050001531A1 (en) * 2002-03-05 2005-01-06 Takao Mineta Coil filament
US6984928B2 (en) * 2002-03-05 2006-01-10 Mineta Company Ltd. Coil filament
US20200113020A1 (en) * 2018-10-05 2020-04-09 Serendipity Technologies Llc Low power high-efficiency heating element
US11244800B2 (en) 2020-06-18 2022-02-08 Axcelis Technologies, Inc. Stepped indirectly heated cathode with improved shielding
WO2021257712A3 (fr) * 2020-06-18 2022-02-10 Axcelis Technologies, Inc. Cathode étagée à chauffage indirect dotée d'un blindage amélioré

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE673331A (fr) 1966-04-01
US3528156A (en) 1970-09-15
FR1460995A (fr) 1966-12-02
NL6515865A (fr) 1966-06-08

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