US3311777A - Incandescent lamp including a fluorine gas atmosphere and a solid fluorinating agent - Google Patents
Incandescent lamp including a fluorine gas atmosphere and a solid fluorinating agent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3311777A US3311777A US351164A US35116464A US3311777A US 3311777 A US3311777 A US 3311777A US 351164 A US351164 A US 351164A US 35116464 A US35116464 A US 35116464A US 3311777 A US3311777 A US 3311777A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fluorine
- lamp
- filament
- solid
- agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000012025 fluorinating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 35
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 28
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021583 Cobalt(III) fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- YCYBZKSMUPTWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Co]F YCYBZKSMUPTWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- REYHXKZHIMGNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monofluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Ag+] REYHXKZHIMGNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005247 gettering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWVVTSALYXIJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver(ii) fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ag+2] KWVVTSALYXIJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example COF3 Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GVGCUCJTUSOZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen trifluoride Chemical class FN(F)F GVGCUCJTUSOZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940096017 silver fluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
- H01K3/22—Exhausting, degassing, filling, or cleaning vessels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering
Definitions
- the invention relates to a gas-filled electric filament lamp which contains only fluorine or fluorine compounds as the reactive transport gas.
- the invention relates both to lamps with filaments consisting of metal, for example tungsten, and to lamps comprising filaments from nonmetals, carbon for example, or a high melting point compound of a metal and a meta loid, for example tantalum carbide.
- the fluorine cyclic process ensures that material of the colder filament parts is transported towards the hotter part until the temperature along the whole filament is entirely homogeneous.
- the ends of the filament are cooled by the current supply members and as a result attacked and tapered until they finally fuse in the proximity of the current supply members. This occurs, in accordance with the concentration of fluorine, in a few seconds to minutes, when the colder ends of the filaments are entirely unprotected. If, however, the colder ends of the filament are centrally inserted into protecting tubes of fluorine-resistant material, the ends are protected against the direct contact with the fluorine and the attack can occur only by diffusion of the transport gases in the tubes.
- the tubes as well as the current supply members, supporting means and the like, are preferably manufactured from metals, for example copper, nickel, aluminium, magnesium, which are either slightly attacked by fluorine and fluorides or coat themselves with a thin, dense layer of fluorides which prevent the further attack.
- Nickel for example, is resistant to fluorine to approximately 790 C.
- they may also consist of poorly melting fluorides, for example calcium fluoride or magnesium fluoride. In this manner, the attack and apering of the colder ends of the filaments may be slowed down so that useful lives are obtained. It is not possible, however, to avoid this attack and tapering, so that the filament finally fuses all the same and always at the same points.
- the gas pressure in the lamp may be made as large as possible by bringing inert gases, for example nitrogen or a rare gas, in the lamp in addition to the fluorine transport gases.
- the diflusion is further slowed down when the heavier rare gases with greater collision diameters are used.
- the protecting tubes can be made as narrow and as long as possible and the temperature in the tubes may be maintained as low as possible by cooling the protecting tubes.
- the concentration of the transport gas in the bulb of the lamp must be kept as low as possible.
- the vapour pressure of tungsten, for example, above 3000 C. is in the order of magnitude of from 1O- -1() and that of carbon from 10 l0 mm.
- the partial pressure of the transport gas (in these examples WF or CF.,) need consequently lie only in this order of magnitude only. At such a low pressure, however, the absolute quantity of transport gas in the bulb of the lamp is very small.
- solid fluorizing agents are provided in the lamp, in which by solid fluorizing agents are to be understood to be a solid fluorine compound of a multivalent element, which compound is capable of releasing free fluorine under the conditions existing within said lamp. So in the burning lamp such fluorizing agents are easily oxidized to higher fluorides by the free fluorine originating from the dissociation, which fluorides react with volatile fluorine compounds at comparatively low temperatures.
- the lamps according to the invention with a filament consisting of metal, non-metal or a compound of a metal and a metalloid and a gas filling which consists partially or entirely of fluorine or volatile fluorides, are consequently characterized by the presence of a solid fluorizing agent, in the lamp which is in contact with the gas filling.
- a solid fluorizing agent for this purpose are to be considered independent of the composition of the filament and the gas in the lamp all solid fluorides which in chemistry are known as strong fluorizing agents, for example, cobalt fluoride, silver fluoride and the like.
- strong fluorizing agents for example, cobalt fluoride, silver fluoride and the like.
- First cobalt fluoride is brought into the lamp, for example, by providing a rod of CoF -ceramic on the filament and evaporating it in the evacuated lamp by heating for a short time. In this manner a very thin transparent vapor-deposited layer of C01 is obtained on all the inner parts of the lamp. If in such a prepared lamp a fluorine cyclic process is maintained, for example, by filling the bulb of the lamp with 2 mm. NE, and 500 mm.
- the so far commonly used burning temperature with filaments consisting of carbon lie at approximately 2000 C.
- the burning temperature may be above 3000 C.
- the light efficiency and brightness is improved by a multiple.
- a further advantage is that the light efficiency does no longer decrease constantly by the evaporation of the filament and blackening, but remains completely constant during the whole life of the lamp.
- the fluorizing agent may be brought in the lamp in a manner differing from evaporation.
- the fluoride or a suspension thereof may be sprayed on the wall of the bulb and then dried and burned-in.
- Both the metals, for example Co or Ag, and the lower fluoride, for example CoF or AgF may be brought into the lamp and the fluorizing to the higher fluoride, for example CoF AgF may occur in the lamp.
- the higher fluoride for example COF3, AgF may be directly brought into the lamp, as result of which the addition of gaseous fluoride becomes superfluous.
- the higher fluorides are hygroscopic and chemically very aggressive, all of which hampers the handling of these substances.
- parts consisting of fluorizing agent or material coated with fluorizing agent may be used, in which case they must have shapes which are favorably adapted to the convection circumstances in the lamp in order to guarantee a rapid exchange of fluorine.
- all lamp parts may in addition first be coated with a thin layer which consists of substances which are resistant to fluorine for example by vapor deposition or burning in of MgF or CaF In this manner the parts of the lamp are even better protected against the attack by the fluorine.
- the fluoride gas filling is independent of the solid fluorizing agent and may consist both of fluorine itself and the fluorides of the elements composing the filament, such as WF CF, and higher homologues, TaF and the like.
- fluorides may be used which are converted thermally or chemically in the lamp to fluorine and inert dissociation product, for example NE, and other nitrogen fluorides.
- inert gases may further be present in the lamp.
- the diffusion is slowed down so strongly that also with very long burning times no noticeable loss of material of the colder ends of the filament occurs.
- the protecting tubes may be shorter and wider, which facilitates the technical constructions.
- the ends of the filament may be deliberately kept colder, by making their crosssection greater than that of the rest of the filament. The light losses by the protecting tubes are decreased by the two measures.
- the glass bulb 1 shown in the drawing is coated with a thin layer 2 of cobalt fluoride.
- the filament 3 consists of tungsten wire having a diameter of 0.17 mm. and the gas filling is a mixture of NF and argon, the partial pressure of the NF being 3 mm. and the pressure of the argon being 400 mm.
- the supporting means and current supply members 4 are manufactured from copper.
- the ends 5 of the filament having a diameter of 0.23 mm. are inserted in nickel tubes 6 having an inside diameter of 1 mm.
- the length of the protecting tubes is approximately 15 mm.
- In the lamp which had an inner area of approximately 500 cm. 50 mg. of cobalt fluoride (CoF was evaporated to coat this area.
- the burning temperature was approximately 3000 C. and the life of the lamp approximately hours.
- An electric incandescent lamp comprising a filament of material from the group consisting of tungsten, carbon and tantalum carbide, an atmosphere in said lamp including fluorine as an agent with which the selected filament material forms a volatile compound, and a solid fluorinating agent, said atmosphere being in contact with said solid fluorinating agent.
- An electric incandescent lamp as claimed in claim 1 wherein said solid fluorinating agent is from the group consisting of cobalt-tritiuoride and silverdifluoride.
- An electric lamp provided with a filament of a material selected from the group consisting of tungsten, carbon and tantalum carbide comprising a gas filling being at least partially constituted of a fluorine gas, a solid fiuorizing agent located on the inside of the bulb of said lamp and the other inner parts of said lamp being coated therewith, said solid fluorizing agent being in contact with said gas filling and which includes a solid fluorine compound of a multivalent element, which compound is capable of releasing free fluorine under 10 2/1962 Cooper 313-222 X 4/1966 Wollank et al. 3l3222 OTHER REFERENCES Young, Roland S.: Cobalt, N.Y., Reinhold, 1948, chapter 11, page 134.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEN22953A DE1289917B (de) | 1963-03-28 | 1963-03-28 | Elektrische Gluehlampe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3311777A true US3311777A (en) | 1967-03-28 |
Family
ID=7342392
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US351164A Expired - Lifetime US3311777A (en) | 1963-03-28 | 1964-03-11 | Incandescent lamp including a fluorine gas atmosphere and a solid fluorinating agent |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3311777A (da) |
| BE (1) | BE645792A (da) |
| DE (1) | DE1289917B (da) |
| DK (1) | DK109215C (da) |
| GB (1) | GB1047302A (da) |
| NL (1) | NL143069B (da) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3538373A (en) * | 1967-01-04 | 1970-11-03 | Philips Corp | Electric incandescent lamp containing a reactive carrier gas which comprises hydrogen and bromine and/or chlorine and hydrogen |
| US3584254A (en) * | 1967-09-12 | 1971-06-08 | Matsushita Electronics Corp | Halogen type tungsten filament lamp including ammonium in its gas fill |
| US3898500A (en) * | 1970-01-08 | 1975-08-05 | Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd | Halogen type filament lamp containing phosphorus and nitrogen |
| US4090101A (en) * | 1977-01-17 | 1978-05-16 | Thorn Electrical Industries Limited | Manufacture of electric lamps |
| US4185922A (en) * | 1977-01-17 | 1980-01-29 | Thorn Electrical Industries Limited | Method of introducing fluorine into a lamp |
| US4256988A (en) * | 1977-01-17 | 1981-03-17 | Thorn Lighting Limited | Incandescent halogen lamp with protective envelope coating |
| US4703229A (en) * | 1985-10-10 | 1987-10-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Optical display from XeF excimer fluorescence |
| WO2006045273A2 (de) * | 2004-10-26 | 2006-05-04 | Patent-Treuhand- Gesellschaft Für Elektrische Glühlampen Mbh | Glühlampe mit einem leuchtkörper, der eine hochtemperaturbeständige metallverbindung enthält |
| WO2007125075A2 (de) * | 2006-05-03 | 2007-11-08 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Halogenglühlampe mit carbidhaltigem leuchtkörper |
| WO2015191031A1 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2015-12-17 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Tungsten-halogen electromagnetic radiation optical systems source |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD143980A1 (de) * | 1979-07-13 | 1980-09-17 | Hasso Meinert | Gluehlampe mit einem fluor-kreisprozess |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3022437A (en) * | 1960-01-29 | 1962-02-20 | Polaroid Corp | Electric lamps |
| US3247417A (en) * | 1962-09-25 | 1966-04-19 | Philips Corp | Electric incandescent lamp |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR13462E (fr) * | 1910-07-13 | 1911-04-15 | Lampe Osram | Lampe électrique à incandescence à filaments métalliques et son procédé de fabrication |
| DE258852C (da) * | 1911-12-30 | 1913-04-15 | Siemens Ag | |
| NL108831C (da) * | 1956-01-16 | |||
| NL281242A (da) * | 1961-07-26 | |||
| BE620607A (fr) * | 1961-07-26 | 1963-01-24 | Philips Nv | Lampe à incandescence à atmosphère gazeuse à filament de tungstene |
-
0
- GB GB1047302D patent/GB1047302A/en active Active
-
1963
- 1963-03-28 DE DEN22953A patent/DE1289917B/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1964
- 1964-03-11 US US351164A patent/US3311777A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1964-03-25 DK DK154964AA patent/DK109215C/da active
- 1964-03-26 BE BE645792A patent/BE645792A/xx unknown
- 1964-03-26 NL NL646403241A patent/NL143069B/xx unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3022437A (en) * | 1960-01-29 | 1962-02-20 | Polaroid Corp | Electric lamps |
| US3247417A (en) * | 1962-09-25 | 1966-04-19 | Philips Corp | Electric incandescent lamp |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3538373A (en) * | 1967-01-04 | 1970-11-03 | Philips Corp | Electric incandescent lamp containing a reactive carrier gas which comprises hydrogen and bromine and/or chlorine and hydrogen |
| US3584254A (en) * | 1967-09-12 | 1971-06-08 | Matsushita Electronics Corp | Halogen type tungsten filament lamp including ammonium in its gas fill |
| US3898500A (en) * | 1970-01-08 | 1975-08-05 | Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd | Halogen type filament lamp containing phosphorus and nitrogen |
| US4090101A (en) * | 1977-01-17 | 1978-05-16 | Thorn Electrical Industries Limited | Manufacture of electric lamps |
| US4185922A (en) * | 1977-01-17 | 1980-01-29 | Thorn Electrical Industries Limited | Method of introducing fluorine into a lamp |
| US4256988A (en) * | 1977-01-17 | 1981-03-17 | Thorn Lighting Limited | Incandescent halogen lamp with protective envelope coating |
| US4703229A (en) * | 1985-10-10 | 1987-10-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Optical display from XeF excimer fluorescence |
| WO2006045273A3 (de) * | 2004-10-26 | 2006-10-26 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Glühlampe mit einem leuchtkörper, der eine hochtemperaturbeständige metallverbindung enthält |
| WO2006045273A2 (de) * | 2004-10-26 | 2006-05-04 | Patent-Treuhand- Gesellschaft Für Elektrische Glühlampen Mbh | Glühlampe mit einem leuchtkörper, der eine hochtemperaturbeständige metallverbindung enthält |
| US20090045742A1 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2009-02-19 | Axel Bunk | Incandescent lamp having an illuminant that contains a high-temperature resistant metal compound |
| CN101048850B (zh) * | 2004-10-26 | 2011-03-09 | 电灯专利信托有限公司 | 带有含耐高温金属化合物的发光体的白炽灯 |
| US7911121B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2011-03-22 | Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung | Incandescent lamp having an illuminant that contains a high-temperature resistant metal compound |
| WO2007125075A2 (de) * | 2006-05-03 | 2007-11-08 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Halogenglühlampe mit carbidhaltigem leuchtkörper |
| WO2007125075A3 (de) * | 2006-05-03 | 2008-07-31 | Osram Gmbh | Halogenglühlampe mit carbidhaltigem leuchtkörper |
| WO2015191031A1 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2015-12-17 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Tungsten-halogen electromagnetic radiation optical systems source |
| US20170052067A1 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2017-02-23 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Tungsten-halogen electromagnetic radiation optical systems source |
| EP3120374A4 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2017-11-29 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Tungsten-halogen electromagnetic radiation optical systems source |
| US10274366B2 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2019-04-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Tungsten-halogen electromagnetic radiation optical systems source |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL6403241A (da) | 1964-09-29 |
| DK109215C (da) | 1968-04-01 |
| BE645792A (da) | 1964-09-28 |
| GB1047302A (da) | |
| DE1289917B (de) | 1969-02-27 |
| NL143069B (nl) | 1974-08-15 |
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