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US3210168A - Stabilized oiled coal slurry in water - Google Patents

Stabilized oiled coal slurry in water Download PDF

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Publication number
US3210168A
US3210168A US196611A US19661162A US3210168A US 3210168 A US3210168 A US 3210168A US 196611 A US196611 A US 196611A US 19661162 A US19661162 A US 19661162A US 3210168 A US3210168 A US 3210168A
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United States
Prior art keywords
percent
water
coal
slurry
oil
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Expired - Lifetime
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US196611A
Inventor
Arnold J Morway
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Exxon Research and Engineering Co
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Priority to US196611A priority Critical patent/US3210168A/en
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Publication of US3210168A publication Critical patent/US3210168A/en
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/324Dispersions containing coal, oil and water
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S516/00Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
    • Y10S516/01Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
    • Y10S516/07Organic amine, amide, or n-base containing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a stabilized slurry of pulverized coal coated with a liquid hydrocarbon fuel in water to make the slurry suitable for pumping through a pipeline.
  • this invention is concerned with stabilizing the pulverized coal coated with hydrocarbon oil using an imidazoline surfactant which stabilizes the dispersion of the oil-coated pulverized coal in a relatively small amount of water.
  • the present invention has been found to provide a more suitably powdered coal slurry in a composition with petroleum oil and a more limited amount of water, particularly when the mixture is stabilized by the use of a relatively small amount of imidazoline which serves to stabilize the slurry.
  • the imidazoline agent has the general formula:
  • R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain radical containing 10 to 23 carbon atoms.
  • the aliphatic radical may be an alkyl group such as present in high molecular weight fatty acids, e.g., lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, archidic and carnaubic.
  • the aliphatic radical may be alkenyl radical or an alkdienyl radical, or in other words, an unsaturated aliphatic radical such as present in the following unsaturated acids, e.g., oleic, linoleic, linolinic and eurcic.
  • the stable coal slurry compositions made in accordance with the present invention using pulverized coal coated with hydrocarbon oil dispersed in water should contain about 15 to 20 Wt. percent of water. Larger amounts than this proportion give unsatisfactory combustion and difliculties in maintaining a stable slurry.
  • the proportion of hydrocarbon oil, e.g., crude petroleum oil or a petroleum fuel oil, used in coating the coal particles is in the range of about 25 to 35 wt. percent.
  • the amount of pulverized coal used in the slurry is in the range of 45 to 55 wt. percent.
  • the amount of the surfactant agent in the slurry formulation is about 0.3 to 2 wt. percent.
  • the pulverized coal is preferably of a particle size to make substantially all the pulverized coal pass through an 8 mesh sieve, and with about 90% which would be retained on a 200 mesh sieve.
  • the hydrocarbon oil with the aid of the imidazoline surfactant in small amount, coats the coal particles and replaces the amount of water that cannot be tolerated for stable suspension and satisfactory combustion.
  • Petroleum fuel oils found suitable for use in the formulations are residual oils of the following types:
  • the more suitable residual fuel oils for use in the slurries have specific gravities of about 0.9 to 1 (at 60 F.) and viscosities about 40 to 300 Saybolt furol seconds at 122 F.
  • the pulverized coal may be of various types of coal, e.g. bituminous, anthracite, or semi-bituminous.
  • Other finely-divided solid carbonaceous materials may be used, e.g. coke either from coal or petroleum.
  • Slurry formulation 1 Residual type oils for burner installation equipped with preheating facilities.
  • This slurry formulation showed no appreciable tendency to settle out after standing for over 24 hours. It has suitable fluidity under pressure for pumping through a pipeline, being equivalent in this respect to a slurry of 60 wt. percent pulverized coal in 40 wt. percent water.
  • a stabilized aqueous slurry of powdered coal and residual petroleum fuel oil which comprises 8 to 200 mesh particle coal in a proportion of 45 to 50 wt. percent, 25 to 35 wt. percent of petroleum residual oil having a 3 4- specific gravity of 0.9 to 1 at 60 F. and a Saybolt furol viscosity of 40 to 300 seconds at 122 F., 15 to 20 wt. 1% E percent water and about 0.3 to 2.0 wt. percent of an imidazoline surfactant of the formula:
  • R represents a C to C aliphatic hydrocarbon NCH1 radical, the powdered coal being coated by the hydro- R(".
  • a stabilized aqueous slurry of powdered coal and FOREIGN PATENTS oil which comprises about 45 to 50 wt. percent of pow- 408 951 4/34 Great Britain dered coal, about to wt. percent of hydrocarbon 454:796 10/36 Great England fuel oil, 15 to 20 wt. percent water, and about 0.3 to 2.0 wt. percent of an irnidazoline having the formula:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Description

No Drawing. Filed May 22, 1962, Ser. No. 196,611 2 Claims. (Cl. 44'-51) This invention relates to a stabilized slurry of pulverized coal coated with a liquid hydrocarbon fuel in water to make the slurry suitable for pumping through a pipeline. In particular, this invention is concerned with stabilizing the pulverized coal coated with hydrocarbon oil using an imidazoline surfactant which stabilizes the dispersion of the oil-coated pulverized coal in a relatively small amount of water.
Tests have been carried out to demonstrate that an aqueous coal slurry containing at least 30 to 40 wt. percent water can be pumped through pipelines for transportation to where the coal is to be burned. However, there are disadvantages in using only water as the liquid medium in that the water of such proportions, above 20%, makes combustion of the slurry in the furnace less eflicient. Difliculties also arise in the transporting of an aqueous slurry or oil slurry of coal in the tendency of the powdered coal to settle out.
The present invention has been found to provide a more suitably powdered coal slurry in a composition with petroleum oil and a more limited amount of water, particularly when the mixture is stabilized by the use of a relatively small amount of imidazoline which serves to stabilize the slurry.
The imidazoline agent has the general formula:
wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain radical containing 10 to 23 carbon atoms. The aliphatic radical may be an alkyl group such as present in high molecular weight fatty acids, e.g., lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, archidic and carnaubic. The aliphatic radical may be alkenyl radical or an alkdienyl radical, or in other words, an unsaturated aliphatic radical such as present in the following unsaturated acids, e.g., oleic, linoleic, linolinic and eurcic.
These imidazolines and methods for their preparation are described in U.S. Patent 2,361,488 of Louis A. Mikeska.
The stable coal slurry compositions made in accordance with the present invention using pulverized coal coated with hydrocarbon oil dispersed in water should contain about 15 to 20 Wt. percent of water. Larger amounts than this proportion give unsatisfactory combustion and difliculties in maintaining a stable slurry. The proportion of hydrocarbon oil, e.g., crude petroleum oil or a petroleum fuel oil, used in coating the coal particles is in the range of about 25 to 35 wt. percent. The amount of pulverized coal used in the slurry is in the range of 45 to 55 wt. percent. The amount of the surfactant agent in the slurry formulation is about 0.3 to 2 wt. percent. The pulverized coal is preferably of a particle size to make substantially all the pulverized coal pass through an 8 mesh sieve, and with about 90% which would be retained on a 200 mesh sieve. In these slurries, the hydrocarbon oil, with the aid of the imidazoline surfactant in small amount, coats the coal particles and replaces the amount of water that cannot be tolerated for stable suspension and satisfactory combustion.
In preparing a composition containing the maximum amount of water, 20 wt. percent water, the pulverized United States Patent dered coal suspension to obtain the following slurry formulation:
Percent Pulverized coal 50.0 Water 20.0 Fuel oil 28.0 Imidazoline surfactant 2.0
Petroleum fuel oils found suitable for use in the formulations are residual oils of the following types:
Inspection of heavy fuel oils from various crudes Venezuelan U.S.A.
Middle East 1 2 East West Coast Coast Specific Gravity 60 FL... 0.962 0.980 1.008 0.971 0.983 Closed Flash Point, F. 192 162 210 180 200 Viseoslty Redwood, Sec.
F 3, 570 3, 745 4, 050 1, 850 3, 347 Sulfur Content, percent..... 2. 17 2. 65 l. 7 1. 24 4. 5 Gross Oalorifie Value,
B.t.u./lb 18, 540 18, 440 18,200 18, 490 18, 290
In general, the more suitable residual fuel oils for use in the slurries have specific gravities of about 0.9 to 1 (at 60 F.) and viscosities about 40 to 300 Saybolt furol seconds at 122 F.
The pulverized coal may be of various types of coal, e.g. bituminous, anthracite, or semi-bituminous. Other finely-divided solid carbonaceous materials may be used, e.g. coke either from coal or petroleum.
The following example describes a slurry formulation which was considered closer to the optimum in stability.
Slurry formulation 1 Residual type oils for burner installation equipped with preheating facilities.
This slurry formulation showed no appreciable tendency to settle out after standing for over 24 hours. It has suitable fluidity under pressure for pumping through a pipeline, being equivalent in this respect to a slurry of 60 wt. percent pulverized coal in 40 wt. percent water.
The invention described is claimed as follows:
1. A stabilized aqueous slurry of powdered coal and residual petroleum fuel oil which comprises 8 to 200 mesh particle coal in a proportion of 45 to 50 wt. percent, 25 to 35 wt. percent of petroleum residual oil having a 3 4- specific gravity of 0.9 to 1 at 60 F. and a Saybolt furol viscosity of 40 to 300 seconds at 122 F., 15 to 20 wt. 1% E percent water and about 0.3 to 2.0 wt. percent of an imidazoline surfactant of the formula:
Hg-CHr-NH;
wherein R represents a C to C aliphatic hydrocarbon NCH1 radical, the powdered coal being coated by the hydro- R(".|; 43H, carbon oil containing the imidazoline and the thus-coated powdered coal being suspended in the water. N 10 I 1 References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS wherein R represents heptadecenyl and heptadecadienyl g &2; chains, the powdered coal being coated with the oil con- 2622018 12/52 32 44 63 taining the surfactant. i 1 e e a 2. A stabilized aqueous slurry of powdered coal and FOREIGN PATENTS oil which comprises about 45 to 50 wt. percent of pow- 408 951 4/34 Great Britain dered coal, about to wt. percent of hydrocarbon 454:796 10/36 Great Britain fuel oil, 15 to 20 wt. percent water, and about 0.3 to 2.0 wt. percent of an irnidazoline having the formula:
DANIEL E. WYMAN, Primary Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A STABILIZED AQUEOUS SLURRY OF POWDERED COAL AND RESIDUAL PETROLEUM FUEL OIL WHICH COMPRISES 8 TO 200 MESH PARTICLES COAL IN A PROPORTION OF 45 TO 50 WT. PERCENT, 25 TO 35 WT. PERCENT OF PETROLEUM RESIDUAL OIL HAVING A SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF 0.9 TO 1 AT 60*F. AND A SAYBOLT FUROL VISCOSITY OF 40 TO 300 SECONDS AT 122*F., TO 20 WT. PERCENT WATER AND ABOUT 0.3 TO 2.0 WT. PERCENT OF AN IMIDAZOLINE SURFACTANT OF THE FORMULA:
US196611A 1962-05-22 1962-05-22 Stabilized oiled coal slurry in water Expired - Lifetime US3210168A (en)

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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4030894A (en) * 1975-06-30 1977-06-21 Interlake, Inc. Stabilized fuel slurry
US4094810A (en) * 1976-06-01 1978-06-13 Kerr-Mcgee Corporation Aqueous slurry of ash concentrate composition and process for producing same
DE2717796A1 (en) * 1977-04-19 1978-10-26 Interlake Inc Stabilised fuel slurry prepn. - in the form of thixotropic oil-in-water emulsions, esp. for use in blast furnaces
FR2388040A1 (en) * 1977-04-19 1978-11-17 Interlake Inc Stabilised fuel slurry prepn. - in the form of thixotropic oil-in-water emulsions, esp. for use in blast furnaces
US4147519A (en) * 1977-06-27 1979-04-03 International Telephone & Telegraph Corp. Coal suspensions in organic liquids
US4153421A (en) * 1976-05-17 1979-05-08 Interlake, Inc. Stabilized fuel slurry
WO1980000449A1 (en) * 1978-08-14 1980-03-20 E Cottell Fuels and methods for their production
US4203729A (en) * 1977-06-30 1980-05-20 Nippon Oil & Fats Co. Ltd. Method for producing coal dispersing oil compositions
US4251230A (en) * 1978-10-26 1981-02-17 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Coal suspensions in organic liquids
DE2933760A1 (en) * 1979-08-21 1981-03-12 Kurt Dipl.-Ing. 6380 Bad Homburg Bojak QUASI LIQUID FUEL ON A CARBON DUST BASE
US4288232A (en) * 1979-12-19 1981-09-08 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Ester containing fuel composition
US4335684A (en) * 1979-04-16 1982-06-22 Thermo Electron Corporation Micronized coal-water fuel slurry for reciprocating internal-combustion engines
US4358293A (en) * 1981-01-29 1982-11-09 Gulf & Western Manufacturing Co. Coal-aqueous mixtures
US4364741A (en) * 1981-03-26 1982-12-21 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Oil slurries of carbonaceous materials
US4364742A (en) * 1981-04-01 1982-12-21 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Carbonaceous materials in oil slurries
US4441889A (en) * 1981-01-29 1984-04-10 Gulf & Western Industries, Inc. Coal-aqueous mixtures
US4453947A (en) * 1982-03-18 1984-06-12 University Of Florida Low viscosity stable mixtures of coal and fuel oil containing alcohol
US4511365A (en) * 1982-09-10 1985-04-16 Sohio Alternate Energy Development Company Coal-aqueous mixtures
US4551179A (en) * 1981-01-29 1985-11-05 The Standard Oil Company Coal-aqueous mixtures
US4637822A (en) * 1981-11-02 1987-01-20 Basf Corporation Coal-oil slurries containing a surfactant
FR2595711A1 (en) * 1986-03-11 1987-09-18 Cadet International Sarl Coal-based ternary fluid fuel mixture and process for preparing it
WO1987005891A1 (en) * 1986-04-04 1987-10-08 Simmons John J Utilization of low rank coal and peat
US4713086A (en) * 1984-03-02 1987-12-15 Amax Inc. Oil-compatible coal/water mixtures
EP0290699A1 (en) * 1987-05-12 1988-11-17 Cadet International Fluid combustible mixture based on coal and process for its preparation
US5096461A (en) * 1989-03-31 1992-03-17 Union Oil Company Of California Separable coal-oil slurries having controlled sedimentation properties suitable for transport by pipeline

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB408951A (en) * 1932-07-18 1934-04-18 Arthur A Roberts Improvements in the manufacture of fuel
GB454796A (en) * 1935-04-08 1936-10-08 Sutton Manor Collieries Ltd Improvements in the manufacture of fuel and the fuel thereby produced
US2128913A (en) * 1936-02-03 1938-09-06 Standard Oil Co Coal handling
US2553183A (en) * 1948-07-03 1951-05-15 Shell Dev Fuel oil composition
US2622018A (en) * 1949-10-19 1952-12-16 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Motor fuel

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB408951A (en) * 1932-07-18 1934-04-18 Arthur A Roberts Improvements in the manufacture of fuel
GB454796A (en) * 1935-04-08 1936-10-08 Sutton Manor Collieries Ltd Improvements in the manufacture of fuel and the fuel thereby produced
US2128913A (en) * 1936-02-03 1938-09-06 Standard Oil Co Coal handling
US2553183A (en) * 1948-07-03 1951-05-15 Shell Dev Fuel oil composition
US2622018A (en) * 1949-10-19 1952-12-16 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Motor fuel

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4030894A (en) * 1975-06-30 1977-06-21 Interlake, Inc. Stabilized fuel slurry
US4153421A (en) * 1976-05-17 1979-05-08 Interlake, Inc. Stabilized fuel slurry
US4094810A (en) * 1976-06-01 1978-06-13 Kerr-Mcgee Corporation Aqueous slurry of ash concentrate composition and process for producing same
DE2717796A1 (en) * 1977-04-19 1978-10-26 Interlake Inc Stabilised fuel slurry prepn. - in the form of thixotropic oil-in-water emulsions, esp. for use in blast furnaces
FR2388040A1 (en) * 1977-04-19 1978-11-17 Interlake Inc Stabilised fuel slurry prepn. - in the form of thixotropic oil-in-water emulsions, esp. for use in blast furnaces
US4147519A (en) * 1977-06-27 1979-04-03 International Telephone & Telegraph Corp. Coal suspensions in organic liquids
US4203729A (en) * 1977-06-30 1980-05-20 Nippon Oil & Fats Co. Ltd. Method for producing coal dispersing oil compositions
WO1980000449A1 (en) * 1978-08-14 1980-03-20 E Cottell Fuels and methods for their production
US4251230A (en) * 1978-10-26 1981-02-17 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Coal suspensions in organic liquids
US4335684A (en) * 1979-04-16 1982-06-22 Thermo Electron Corporation Micronized coal-water fuel slurry for reciprocating internal-combustion engines
DE2933760A1 (en) * 1979-08-21 1981-03-12 Kurt Dipl.-Ing. 6380 Bad Homburg Bojak QUASI LIQUID FUEL ON A CARBON DUST BASE
DE2947788A1 (en) * 1979-08-21 1981-07-23 Kurt Dipl.-Ing. 6380 Bad Homburg Bojak Fuels comprising aq. coal slurries - with aq. phase contg. salts, sugar and/or soap
US4288232A (en) * 1979-12-19 1981-09-08 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Ester containing fuel composition
US4358293A (en) * 1981-01-29 1982-11-09 Gulf & Western Manufacturing Co. Coal-aqueous mixtures
US4441889A (en) * 1981-01-29 1984-04-10 Gulf & Western Industries, Inc. Coal-aqueous mixtures
US4551179A (en) * 1981-01-29 1985-11-05 The Standard Oil Company Coal-aqueous mixtures
US4364741A (en) * 1981-03-26 1982-12-21 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Oil slurries of carbonaceous materials
US4364742A (en) * 1981-04-01 1982-12-21 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Carbonaceous materials in oil slurries
US4637822A (en) * 1981-11-02 1987-01-20 Basf Corporation Coal-oil slurries containing a surfactant
US4453947A (en) * 1982-03-18 1984-06-12 University Of Florida Low viscosity stable mixtures of coal and fuel oil containing alcohol
US4511365A (en) * 1982-09-10 1985-04-16 Sohio Alternate Energy Development Company Coal-aqueous mixtures
US4713086A (en) * 1984-03-02 1987-12-15 Amax Inc. Oil-compatible coal/water mixtures
FR2595711A1 (en) * 1986-03-11 1987-09-18 Cadet International Sarl Coal-based ternary fluid fuel mixture and process for preparing it
US4705533A (en) * 1986-04-04 1987-11-10 Simmons John J Utilization of low rank coal and peat
WO1987005891A1 (en) * 1986-04-04 1987-10-08 Simmons John J Utilization of low rank coal and peat
GB2225338A (en) * 1986-04-04 1990-05-30 John J Simmons Utilization of low rank coal and peat
GB2225338B (en) * 1986-04-04 1990-10-31 John J Simmons Utilization of low rank coal and peat
AU603095B2 (en) * 1986-04-04 1990-11-08 John J. Simmons Utilization of low rank coal and peat
EP0290699A1 (en) * 1987-05-12 1988-11-17 Cadet International Fluid combustible mixture based on coal and process for its preparation
US5096461A (en) * 1989-03-31 1992-03-17 Union Oil Company Of California Separable coal-oil slurries having controlled sedimentation properties suitable for transport by pipeline

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