US3210168A - Stabilized oiled coal slurry in water - Google Patents
Stabilized oiled coal slurry in water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3210168A US3210168A US196611A US19661162A US3210168A US 3210168 A US3210168 A US 3210168A US 196611 A US196611 A US 196611A US 19661162 A US19661162 A US 19661162A US 3210168 A US3210168 A US 3210168A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- water
- coal
- slurry
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- -1 lauric Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000005020 Acaciella glauca Species 0.000 description 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002462 imidazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003499 redwood Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/324—Dispersions containing coal, oil and water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
- Y10S516/07—Organic amine, amide, or n-base containing
Definitions
- This invention relates to a stabilized slurry of pulverized coal coated with a liquid hydrocarbon fuel in water to make the slurry suitable for pumping through a pipeline.
- this invention is concerned with stabilizing the pulverized coal coated with hydrocarbon oil using an imidazoline surfactant which stabilizes the dispersion of the oil-coated pulverized coal in a relatively small amount of water.
- the present invention has been found to provide a more suitably powdered coal slurry in a composition with petroleum oil and a more limited amount of water, particularly when the mixture is stabilized by the use of a relatively small amount of imidazoline which serves to stabilize the slurry.
- the imidazoline agent has the general formula:
- R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain radical containing 10 to 23 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic radical may be an alkyl group such as present in high molecular weight fatty acids, e.g., lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, archidic and carnaubic.
- the aliphatic radical may be alkenyl radical or an alkdienyl radical, or in other words, an unsaturated aliphatic radical such as present in the following unsaturated acids, e.g., oleic, linoleic, linolinic and eurcic.
- the stable coal slurry compositions made in accordance with the present invention using pulverized coal coated with hydrocarbon oil dispersed in water should contain about 15 to 20 Wt. percent of water. Larger amounts than this proportion give unsatisfactory combustion and difliculties in maintaining a stable slurry.
- the proportion of hydrocarbon oil, e.g., crude petroleum oil or a petroleum fuel oil, used in coating the coal particles is in the range of about 25 to 35 wt. percent.
- the amount of pulverized coal used in the slurry is in the range of 45 to 55 wt. percent.
- the amount of the surfactant agent in the slurry formulation is about 0.3 to 2 wt. percent.
- the pulverized coal is preferably of a particle size to make substantially all the pulverized coal pass through an 8 mesh sieve, and with about 90% which would be retained on a 200 mesh sieve.
- the hydrocarbon oil with the aid of the imidazoline surfactant in small amount, coats the coal particles and replaces the amount of water that cannot be tolerated for stable suspension and satisfactory combustion.
- Petroleum fuel oils found suitable for use in the formulations are residual oils of the following types:
- the more suitable residual fuel oils for use in the slurries have specific gravities of about 0.9 to 1 (at 60 F.) and viscosities about 40 to 300 Saybolt furol seconds at 122 F.
- the pulverized coal may be of various types of coal, e.g. bituminous, anthracite, or semi-bituminous.
- Other finely-divided solid carbonaceous materials may be used, e.g. coke either from coal or petroleum.
- Slurry formulation 1 Residual type oils for burner installation equipped with preheating facilities.
- This slurry formulation showed no appreciable tendency to settle out after standing for over 24 hours. It has suitable fluidity under pressure for pumping through a pipeline, being equivalent in this respect to a slurry of 60 wt. percent pulverized coal in 40 wt. percent water.
- a stabilized aqueous slurry of powdered coal and residual petroleum fuel oil which comprises 8 to 200 mesh particle coal in a proportion of 45 to 50 wt. percent, 25 to 35 wt. percent of petroleum residual oil having a 3 4- specific gravity of 0.9 to 1 at 60 F. and a Saybolt furol viscosity of 40 to 300 seconds at 122 F., 15 to 20 wt. 1% E percent water and about 0.3 to 2.0 wt. percent of an imidazoline surfactant of the formula:
- R represents a C to C aliphatic hydrocarbon NCH1 radical, the powdered coal being coated by the hydro- R(".
- a stabilized aqueous slurry of powdered coal and FOREIGN PATENTS oil which comprises about 45 to 50 wt. percent of pow- 408 951 4/34 Great Britain dered coal, about to wt. percent of hydrocarbon 454:796 10/36 Great England fuel oil, 15 to 20 wt. percent water, and about 0.3 to 2.0 wt. percent of an irnidazoline having the formula:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
No Drawing. Filed May 22, 1962, Ser. No. 196,611 2 Claims. (Cl. 44'-51) This invention relates to a stabilized slurry of pulverized coal coated with a liquid hydrocarbon fuel in water to make the slurry suitable for pumping through a pipeline. In particular, this invention is concerned with stabilizing the pulverized coal coated with hydrocarbon oil using an imidazoline surfactant which stabilizes the dispersion of the oil-coated pulverized coal in a relatively small amount of water.
Tests have been carried out to demonstrate that an aqueous coal slurry containing at least 30 to 40 wt. percent water can be pumped through pipelines for transportation to where the coal is to be burned. However, there are disadvantages in using only water as the liquid medium in that the water of such proportions, above 20%, makes combustion of the slurry in the furnace less eflicient. Difliculties also arise in the transporting of an aqueous slurry or oil slurry of coal in the tendency of the powdered coal to settle out.
The present invention has been found to provide a more suitably powdered coal slurry in a composition with petroleum oil and a more limited amount of water, particularly when the mixture is stabilized by the use of a relatively small amount of imidazoline which serves to stabilize the slurry.
The imidazoline agent has the general formula:
wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain radical containing 10 to 23 carbon atoms. The aliphatic radical may be an alkyl group such as present in high molecular weight fatty acids, e.g., lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, archidic and carnaubic. The aliphatic radical may be alkenyl radical or an alkdienyl radical, or in other words, an unsaturated aliphatic radical such as present in the following unsaturated acids, e.g., oleic, linoleic, linolinic and eurcic.
These imidazolines and methods for their preparation are described in U.S. Patent 2,361,488 of Louis A. Mikeska.
The stable coal slurry compositions made in accordance with the present invention using pulverized coal coated with hydrocarbon oil dispersed in water should contain about 15 to 20 Wt. percent of water. Larger amounts than this proportion give unsatisfactory combustion and difliculties in maintaining a stable slurry. The proportion of hydrocarbon oil, e.g., crude petroleum oil or a petroleum fuel oil, used in coating the coal particles is in the range of about 25 to 35 wt. percent. The amount of pulverized coal used in the slurry is in the range of 45 to 55 wt. percent. The amount of the surfactant agent in the slurry formulation is about 0.3 to 2 wt. percent. The pulverized coal is preferably of a particle size to make substantially all the pulverized coal pass through an 8 mesh sieve, and with about 90% which would be retained on a 200 mesh sieve. In these slurries, the hydrocarbon oil, with the aid of the imidazoline surfactant in small amount, coats the coal particles and replaces the amount of water that cannot be tolerated for stable suspension and satisfactory combustion.
In preparing a composition containing the maximum amount of water, 20 wt. percent water, the pulverized United States Patent dered coal suspension to obtain the following slurry formulation:
Percent Pulverized coal 50.0 Water 20.0 Fuel oil 28.0 Imidazoline surfactant 2.0
Petroleum fuel oils found suitable for use in the formulations are residual oils of the following types:
Inspection of heavy fuel oils from various crudes Venezuelan U.S.A.
Middle East 1 2 East West Coast Coast Specific Gravity 60 FL... 0.962 0.980 1.008 0.971 0.983 Closed Flash Point, F. 192 162 210 180 200 Viseoslty Redwood, Sec.
F 3, 570 3, 745 4, 050 1, 850 3, 347 Sulfur Content, percent..... 2. 17 2. 65 l. 7 1. 24 4. 5 Gross Oalorifie Value,
B.t.u./lb 18, 540 18, 440 18,200 18, 490 18, 290
In general, the more suitable residual fuel oils for use in the slurries have specific gravities of about 0.9 to 1 (at 60 F.) and viscosities about 40 to 300 Saybolt furol seconds at 122 F.
The pulverized coal may be of various types of coal, e.g. bituminous, anthracite, or semi-bituminous. Other finely-divided solid carbonaceous materials may be used, e.g. coke either from coal or petroleum.
The following example describes a slurry formulation which was considered closer to the optimum in stability.
Slurry formulation 1 Residual type oils for burner installation equipped with preheating facilities.
This slurry formulation showed no appreciable tendency to settle out after standing for over 24 hours. It has suitable fluidity under pressure for pumping through a pipeline, being equivalent in this respect to a slurry of 60 wt. percent pulverized coal in 40 wt. percent water.
The invention described is claimed as follows:
1. A stabilized aqueous slurry of powdered coal and residual petroleum fuel oil which comprises 8 to 200 mesh particle coal in a proportion of 45 to 50 wt. percent, 25 to 35 wt. percent of petroleum residual oil having a 3 4- specific gravity of 0.9 to 1 at 60 F. and a Saybolt furol viscosity of 40 to 300 seconds at 122 F., 15 to 20 wt. 1% E percent water and about 0.3 to 2.0 wt. percent of an imidazoline surfactant of the formula:
Hg-CHr-NH;
wherein R represents a C to C aliphatic hydrocarbon NCH1 radical, the powdered coal being coated by the hydro- R(".|; 43H, carbon oil containing the imidazoline and the thus-coated powdered coal being suspended in the water. N 10 I 1 References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS wherein R represents heptadecenyl and heptadecadienyl g &2; chains, the powdered coal being coated with the oil con- 2622018 12/52 32 44 63 taining the surfactant. i 1 e e a 2. A stabilized aqueous slurry of powdered coal and FOREIGN PATENTS oil which comprises about 45 to 50 wt. percent of pow- 408 951 4/34 Great Britain dered coal, about to wt. percent of hydrocarbon 454:796 10/36 Great Britain fuel oil, 15 to 20 wt. percent water, and about 0.3 to 2.0 wt. percent of an irnidazoline having the formula:
DANIEL E. WYMAN, Primary Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A STABILIZED AQUEOUS SLURRY OF POWDERED COAL AND RESIDUAL PETROLEUM FUEL OIL WHICH COMPRISES 8 TO 200 MESH PARTICLES COAL IN A PROPORTION OF 45 TO 50 WT. PERCENT, 25 TO 35 WT. PERCENT OF PETROLEUM RESIDUAL OIL HAVING A SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF 0.9 TO 1 AT 60*F. AND A SAYBOLT FUROL VISCOSITY OF 40 TO 300 SECONDS AT 122*F., TO 20 WT. PERCENT WATER AND ABOUT 0.3 TO 2.0 WT. PERCENT OF AN IMIDAZOLINE SURFACTANT OF THE FORMULA:
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US196611A US3210168A (en) | 1962-05-22 | 1962-05-22 | Stabilized oiled coal slurry in water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US196611A US3210168A (en) | 1962-05-22 | 1962-05-22 | Stabilized oiled coal slurry in water |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3210168A true US3210168A (en) | 1965-10-05 |
Family
ID=22726102
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US196611A Expired - Lifetime US3210168A (en) | 1962-05-22 | 1962-05-22 | Stabilized oiled coal slurry in water |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3210168A (en) |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4030894A (en) * | 1975-06-30 | 1977-06-21 | Interlake, Inc. | Stabilized fuel slurry |
US4094810A (en) * | 1976-06-01 | 1978-06-13 | Kerr-Mcgee Corporation | Aqueous slurry of ash concentrate composition and process for producing same |
DE2717796A1 (en) * | 1977-04-19 | 1978-10-26 | Interlake Inc | Stabilised fuel slurry prepn. - in the form of thixotropic oil-in-water emulsions, esp. for use in blast furnaces |
FR2388040A1 (en) * | 1977-04-19 | 1978-11-17 | Interlake Inc | Stabilised fuel slurry prepn. - in the form of thixotropic oil-in-water emulsions, esp. for use in blast furnaces |
US4147519A (en) * | 1977-06-27 | 1979-04-03 | International Telephone & Telegraph Corp. | Coal suspensions in organic liquids |
US4153421A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1979-05-08 | Interlake, Inc. | Stabilized fuel slurry |
WO1980000449A1 (en) * | 1978-08-14 | 1980-03-20 | E Cottell | Fuels and methods for their production |
US4203729A (en) * | 1977-06-30 | 1980-05-20 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co. Ltd. | Method for producing coal dispersing oil compositions |
US4251230A (en) * | 1978-10-26 | 1981-02-17 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Coal suspensions in organic liquids |
DE2933760A1 (en) * | 1979-08-21 | 1981-03-12 | Kurt Dipl.-Ing. 6380 Bad Homburg Bojak | QUASI LIQUID FUEL ON A CARBON DUST BASE |
US4288232A (en) * | 1979-12-19 | 1981-09-08 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Ester containing fuel composition |
US4335684A (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1982-06-22 | Thermo Electron Corporation | Micronized coal-water fuel slurry for reciprocating internal-combustion engines |
US4358293A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1982-11-09 | Gulf & Western Manufacturing Co. | Coal-aqueous mixtures |
US4364741A (en) * | 1981-03-26 | 1982-12-21 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Oil slurries of carbonaceous materials |
US4364742A (en) * | 1981-04-01 | 1982-12-21 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Carbonaceous materials in oil slurries |
US4441889A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1984-04-10 | Gulf & Western Industries, Inc. | Coal-aqueous mixtures |
US4453947A (en) * | 1982-03-18 | 1984-06-12 | University Of Florida | Low viscosity stable mixtures of coal and fuel oil containing alcohol |
US4511365A (en) * | 1982-09-10 | 1985-04-16 | Sohio Alternate Energy Development Company | Coal-aqueous mixtures |
US4551179A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1985-11-05 | The Standard Oil Company | Coal-aqueous mixtures |
US4637822A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1987-01-20 | Basf Corporation | Coal-oil slurries containing a surfactant |
FR2595711A1 (en) * | 1986-03-11 | 1987-09-18 | Cadet International Sarl | Coal-based ternary fluid fuel mixture and process for preparing it |
WO1987005891A1 (en) * | 1986-04-04 | 1987-10-08 | Simmons John J | Utilization of low rank coal and peat |
US4713086A (en) * | 1984-03-02 | 1987-12-15 | Amax Inc. | Oil-compatible coal/water mixtures |
EP0290699A1 (en) * | 1987-05-12 | 1988-11-17 | Cadet International | Fluid combustible mixture based on coal and process for its preparation |
US5096461A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1992-03-17 | Union Oil Company Of California | Separable coal-oil slurries having controlled sedimentation properties suitable for transport by pipeline |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB408951A (en) * | 1932-07-18 | 1934-04-18 | Arthur A Roberts | Improvements in the manufacture of fuel |
GB454796A (en) * | 1935-04-08 | 1936-10-08 | Sutton Manor Collieries Ltd | Improvements in the manufacture of fuel and the fuel thereby produced |
US2128913A (en) * | 1936-02-03 | 1938-09-06 | Standard Oil Co | Coal handling |
US2553183A (en) * | 1948-07-03 | 1951-05-15 | Shell Dev | Fuel oil composition |
US2622018A (en) * | 1949-10-19 | 1952-12-16 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Motor fuel |
-
1962
- 1962-05-22 US US196611A patent/US3210168A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB408951A (en) * | 1932-07-18 | 1934-04-18 | Arthur A Roberts | Improvements in the manufacture of fuel |
GB454796A (en) * | 1935-04-08 | 1936-10-08 | Sutton Manor Collieries Ltd | Improvements in the manufacture of fuel and the fuel thereby produced |
US2128913A (en) * | 1936-02-03 | 1938-09-06 | Standard Oil Co | Coal handling |
US2553183A (en) * | 1948-07-03 | 1951-05-15 | Shell Dev | Fuel oil composition |
US2622018A (en) * | 1949-10-19 | 1952-12-16 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Motor fuel |
Cited By (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4030894A (en) * | 1975-06-30 | 1977-06-21 | Interlake, Inc. | Stabilized fuel slurry |
US4153421A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1979-05-08 | Interlake, Inc. | Stabilized fuel slurry |
US4094810A (en) * | 1976-06-01 | 1978-06-13 | Kerr-Mcgee Corporation | Aqueous slurry of ash concentrate composition and process for producing same |
DE2717796A1 (en) * | 1977-04-19 | 1978-10-26 | Interlake Inc | Stabilised fuel slurry prepn. - in the form of thixotropic oil-in-water emulsions, esp. for use in blast furnaces |
FR2388040A1 (en) * | 1977-04-19 | 1978-11-17 | Interlake Inc | Stabilised fuel slurry prepn. - in the form of thixotropic oil-in-water emulsions, esp. for use in blast furnaces |
US4147519A (en) * | 1977-06-27 | 1979-04-03 | International Telephone & Telegraph Corp. | Coal suspensions in organic liquids |
US4203729A (en) * | 1977-06-30 | 1980-05-20 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co. Ltd. | Method for producing coal dispersing oil compositions |
WO1980000449A1 (en) * | 1978-08-14 | 1980-03-20 | E Cottell | Fuels and methods for their production |
US4251230A (en) * | 1978-10-26 | 1981-02-17 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Coal suspensions in organic liquids |
US4335684A (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1982-06-22 | Thermo Electron Corporation | Micronized coal-water fuel slurry for reciprocating internal-combustion engines |
DE2933760A1 (en) * | 1979-08-21 | 1981-03-12 | Kurt Dipl.-Ing. 6380 Bad Homburg Bojak | QUASI LIQUID FUEL ON A CARBON DUST BASE |
DE2947788A1 (en) * | 1979-08-21 | 1981-07-23 | Kurt Dipl.-Ing. 6380 Bad Homburg Bojak | Fuels comprising aq. coal slurries - with aq. phase contg. salts, sugar and/or soap |
US4288232A (en) * | 1979-12-19 | 1981-09-08 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Ester containing fuel composition |
US4358293A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1982-11-09 | Gulf & Western Manufacturing Co. | Coal-aqueous mixtures |
US4441889A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1984-04-10 | Gulf & Western Industries, Inc. | Coal-aqueous mixtures |
US4551179A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1985-11-05 | The Standard Oil Company | Coal-aqueous mixtures |
US4364741A (en) * | 1981-03-26 | 1982-12-21 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Oil slurries of carbonaceous materials |
US4364742A (en) * | 1981-04-01 | 1982-12-21 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Carbonaceous materials in oil slurries |
US4637822A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1987-01-20 | Basf Corporation | Coal-oil slurries containing a surfactant |
US4453947A (en) * | 1982-03-18 | 1984-06-12 | University Of Florida | Low viscosity stable mixtures of coal and fuel oil containing alcohol |
US4511365A (en) * | 1982-09-10 | 1985-04-16 | Sohio Alternate Energy Development Company | Coal-aqueous mixtures |
US4713086A (en) * | 1984-03-02 | 1987-12-15 | Amax Inc. | Oil-compatible coal/water mixtures |
FR2595711A1 (en) * | 1986-03-11 | 1987-09-18 | Cadet International Sarl | Coal-based ternary fluid fuel mixture and process for preparing it |
US4705533A (en) * | 1986-04-04 | 1987-11-10 | Simmons John J | Utilization of low rank coal and peat |
WO1987005891A1 (en) * | 1986-04-04 | 1987-10-08 | Simmons John J | Utilization of low rank coal and peat |
GB2225338A (en) * | 1986-04-04 | 1990-05-30 | John J Simmons | Utilization of low rank coal and peat |
GB2225338B (en) * | 1986-04-04 | 1990-10-31 | John J Simmons | Utilization of low rank coal and peat |
AU603095B2 (en) * | 1986-04-04 | 1990-11-08 | John J. Simmons | Utilization of low rank coal and peat |
EP0290699A1 (en) * | 1987-05-12 | 1988-11-17 | Cadet International | Fluid combustible mixture based on coal and process for its preparation |
US5096461A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1992-03-17 | Union Oil Company Of California | Separable coal-oil slurries having controlled sedimentation properties suitable for transport by pipeline |
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