US3005622A - Hoisting winches - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 24, 1961 G. GARNIER HOISTING WINCHES 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept. 26, 1957 //V VENT 0R GEORGES GAR/VIE A ffarneys 1961 GARNIER 3,005,622

HOISTING WINCHES Filed sept- 26. 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 -fi 592 pm I /0 E i IN VE N TOR GEORGES GARN/ER Aflarneys By v/M 1961 G. GARNIER 3,005,622

HOISTING WINCHES Filed Sept. 26, 1957 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 77 f J6 if I M. I Y 57 IN VE N TOR GEORGES GARN/ER f- By lMM A/forneys United States Filed Sept. 26, 1957, Ser. No. 686,508 Claims priority, application France Oct. 9, 1956 2 Claims. (Cl. 254-175.7)

The present invention relates to a hoisting winch and, in particular, to a winch mounted on aircraft, such as, helicopters.

It is the principal object of the invention to provide a winch having a cable with a driving device adapted to insure that the cable is wound or unwound from the winch pulley in a regular manner irrespective of the conditions of operation, and insuring, when raising the cable, even when there is no load on said cable, that it is not wound in a disorderly manner onto the pulley without the need to use a counterweight near the hook attached to the cable.

To this end, it is a feature of the invention to use as a cable withdrawing device comprising two rollers which are pressed against one another by the action of a spring and between which the cable passes, these rollers being driven positively through gear means by the pulley of the winch so that they rotate, when the cable descends, at such speed that they always insure that there is a traction exerted on the cable for withdrawing it from the pulley. Further, two free-wheels may be so arranged as to prevent, when raising the cable, any rotation of the pressureapplying rollers due either to the action of the rotation of the pulley or to the action of the cable, the spring urging the rollers together providing the necessary frictional contact with the cable.

Further features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of one embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawing, to which the invention is in no way limited.

In the drawing:

PEG. 1 is an assembly diagram of the essential circuits, pipe lines and members of the winch when operating to raise the cable;

FIG. 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of a winch according to the diagram of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along line HIIII of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional View along line IV-IV of FIG. 2; 1

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view along line VV of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along line VI-VI of FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view along line VII-VII of FIG. 2.

The winch shown in the figures comprise, inside a body or casing 1, a reversible volumetric pneumatic or air motor 2 of the type having blades 3 centered on a shaft 4 which is co-axial with the part 5 of the winch body and drives an eccentric rotor 6 through which the blades 3 extend through the medium of guides 7. An output shaft 8, fixed to and co-axial with the rotor 6, carries at its outer end a gear 9 in mesh with two gears 10, 10 mounted on roller bearings 11, 11' carried by the body 1 of the winch. A crown gear 12, the gears 10, 10 and the gear 9 constitute a speed-reducing planetary gear train. The output gear 12 of this first gear train is rigid- 1y connected by a plate 13 to a central shaft 14 which extends through the winch body and is co-axial with the rotor 6 of the motor.

A pulley or drum 15, which winds or hoists a cable atent O 130, is co-axial with the shaft':14 and is supported by a single roller bearing 16 mounted on the body -1 in the mid-plane of the pulley. The pulley comprises an inner gear ring 17 which forms with gears '18, 1 8, journalled in the winch body, and the central gear 19 a second speed-reducing planetary gear train. The shaft 14 transmits motion to the central gear 19 of the second train through an automatic cable descent control brake of the screw and nut connection type. This automatic brake comprises a nut 22 which is so mounted as to be capable of screwing itself along the shaft 14 and is at its right end rigid with the central gear 19. Disposed between a flange 23 on the nut 22 and a flange 21 on the shaft 14 is a flat-disc self-tightening device. The latter comprises a ratchet wheel 24 which is freely rotative on the nut 22 and is capable of being clamped or gripped between the flanges 21 and 23 which are provided with friction liners 25 and 26 respectively. Co-operating with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 24, are six pawls 27 having springs 28 radially disposed in the body 1 in such manner that the wheel 24 cannot rotate in one direction more than a fraction of a tooth without pawl engagement. The hoisting winch operates in the following manner: When hoisting the load, the shaft 14, driven by the motor 2 through the planetary gear train, 9, 10, 10, 12, rotates in such direction that it is screwed into the nut 22. The latter therefore moves toward the left (as viewed in FIG. 2) and exerts pressure on the ratchet wheel 24 and the flange 21. Thus, the automatic'brake rotates bodily while the pawls slide over the teeth of the ratchet wheel 24, which rotates in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 4. The automatic brake is therefore inoperative and rotates bodily about its axis. When the load moves downwardly, the motor 2 will release or untighten the brake, since the load has a natural tendency to descend. The shaft 14 rotates to unscrew itself relative to the nut 22 and the latter rotates in a direction to screw itself along the shaft 14. The ratchet wheel 24, which has a tendency to rotate in an opposite direction to the arrow (see FIG. 4), is held stationary by the pawls 27. When the motor 2 stops, the brake is re-tightened and the descent of the cable or load also ceases. During the unloaded descent of the cable, the driving dogs 122 ensure that the pulley 15 rotates in the required direction. A drive connection 29 is provided coaxially of the pulley 15 to permit winch operation without starting up the motor. The motor is driven at the same time as the pulley and, in this case, rotates under no load.

As can be seen on the diagram of FIG. 1, the motor 2 is supplied with compressed air through two air circuits or pipe lines, one of which is a large-section line which is the actual air supply line of the motor and comprises an air supply pipe 30 which is connected in the presently-described embodiment to the air compressor of the turbine of the aircraft on which the winch is mounted. A cock 31 disposed in this supply pipe 30 regulates the air supplied and thus regulates the rotational speed of the motor and the pulley of the winch. This supply pipe 30 is connected to a pneumatic or air distributor 32 which comprises two valve bodies 33, 34 which permit, when they are open, the air supplied to arrive either by way of the pipe 35 or 36 respectively through the aperture 37 shown at the upper right part of the motor 2 or at the aperture 38 shown at the upper left part of the motor respectively. These two main valves 33, 34 are urged against their seats by springs 39, 40 respectively and are controlled by pistons 41, 42 having needle portions 43, 44 respectively subjected to the action of return springs 45, 46. These two pistons 41, 42 are coupled by a lever 47 pivotably mounted at its center so that the valves 33 and 34 cannot be opened simultaneously. The two bodies of the coupled valves intercommunicate, at their right part (see FIG. 6), on line with the supply pipe 30, by way of an aperture 48 and at their left part, in line with the lever 47, by way of an aperture 49 which communicates with the atmosphere by way of apertures 50, 51. The enlarged portions 52, 53 respectively at the rear of the needle portions 43, 44 close the passage apertures 54, 55 respectively when the pistons 41, 42 are at the end of their travel toward the right and open these apertures as soon as theyare mid-way. of their travel, so that, in particular, whenthe two valves 33, 34 are closed (FIG. 1), the pipes 35 and 3-6 communicate with the atmosphere. At the rear of the distributor are connected the pipes 56, 57 of the control pipe line or circuit which will be described hereinafter, and insures the displacement of the control pistons 41, 42 and the main valves 33, 34 of the distributor.

The control pipe line or circuit comprises two main electrically operated valves 58, 59 which respectively control the control pipe 56 of the valve 33 and the control pipe 57 of the valve 34. These two electrically operated valves are supplied with air under pressure by a pipe 60 connected to the supply pipe 31}. These two valves are connected to the atmosphere by pipes 61, 62 respectively.

The electrically operated control valves are controlled by an electrical circuit comprising a source of electrical energy the poles of which are represented by the signs +1 and in the diagram shown in FIG. 1, and two double switches 63, 64 placed at the disposal of an operator and the pilot and mounted in parallel. In one direction (toward the right in FIG. 1) the switches 63, 64 close the circuitof the valve 58 and, in the other direc tion, they close the circuit. of the valve 59. v

Assuming that the control switches are 'in the position shown in FIG. 1, that is to say, one of them (the switch 6470f the pilot) is inclined to the left, the circuit of'the valve 59 is closed and therefore this valve is energized. The corresponding valve is on the left position in FIG. -1 and the air of the main supply pipe 30 passes through the pipe 60 into the pipe 57 and arrives behind the piston 42 which it urges toward the right. The needle portion 44 urges, through the medium of its enlarged portion or head 124, the main valve 34 toward the right at the same time as the stem 53 of this needle portion closes the aperture 55. As the piston 42 is urged to the right, the piston 41, coupled thereto by the pivotable lever 47, is .brought to the left in abutment with the end of its cylinder compressing the spring 45. The aperture 54 is opened and the valve 33 is applied against its seating by the action of its spring 39. The supply of air, passing through the pipe 30, passes behind the valve 33, through the aperture 48 and enters, by way of the pipe 36, the aperture 38 at the upper left part of the motor 2 (as viewed in FIGS. 1 and 5). The rotor 6 rotates in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1. The air, after having passed through the motor in the same direction, exits into the upper right aperture 37 and escapes by way of the pipe 35, the aperture 54 and the aperture 50.

As has been mentioned in respect of the operation for raising the cable, moving one of the handles of the switches 63 or 64 inthe direction opposite to the preceding direction, causes closure of the circuit of the cablelowering electrically operated valve 58. The movements of the various members of the distributor 52 are exactly opposite to the movements just described for raising the cable, and the motor, through which passes the air entering through the aperture 37 and passing out of the aperture 38 rotates in the opposite direction so as to release the brake 24, 25, 26 and allow the load to descend.

Since an'excessive speed when 'the cable carries no load would cause the hook to strike against and damage the aircraft, and since it is advantageous to take up slack without causing a shock when the slack has been taken up, there is provided a slow-operation device which utilizes the internal pressure variations in the air motor,

which pressure is proportional to the load on the hook. To this end, there is provided a pressure-operated contact 65 formed by a diaphragm 66 (FIG. 5) which is subjected, on one side, to atmospheric pressure and, on the other, to the pressure of the air at a point 67 of the mo tor 2 situated in the vicinity of the aperture 38 and by aswitch 68 series connected to the electric supply circuit of the valve 59 and a slow-operation electrically operated valve 69 connected in parallel with the valve 59.

It will be seen that when the contact 65 has detected the absence of a load, that is, when the hook raises no load or, when starting up, takes up slack on the cable attached to a load, the switch 68 is open and the main 'valve 59 is not energized; only the slow operation valve is energized. The motor control air passing through the pipe 60 is directed by the slide of the valve 59 to the pipe 57, by way of the pipe 70, the pipe 57 connecting the main raising valve 59 to the distributor 32. As the slide of the valve 59 is in the right position of its travel, the pipe 57 is put into communication with the escape pipe 62. But a jet 71 is placed in this escape pipe so that the control piston 42 is not subjected on its left face (FIG. 1) to the total pressure of the pipe 30, as occurs when the valve 59 is excited, but merely to a reduced pressure, whereby the movement toward the right of the piston 40 and the needle portion 44 is just sutficient to open only a valve 72 provided in the center of the main valve 34 and whose stern 125 protrudes from the front face of the valve 34. The air supply arriving behind the latter passes through an air vent 126 (FIG. 6) and the supply of air to the motor is, in this case, reduced, to also reduce the speed.

When the load increases, or when the cable is rendered taut by its load, the pressure increases in the motor 2 and the pressure-operated contact 65 closes the energizing circuit of the valve 59, which causes the main valve 34 to open and permits the fully supply of air through the aperture 38. Thus the winch is put into operation in two stages.

When the handles of the switches 63 and 64 are in their neutral position, the three valves 58, 59 and 69 cease to be energized; the slides of these valves resume the position of rest under the effect of the springs of these valves. The control air escapes to the atmosphere and, as a consequence, the main valves 33, 34 and the auxiliary valve 72 are once more closed. The pipes 35 and 36 also communicate with the atmosphere through the pipe spaces 54, 55 (FIG. 6).

To permit starting up and stopping the winch with a load which does not result in 'a great dynamic overload on the aircraft, two progressive operation screws 73, 74 are placed in the lowering control line 56 and the raisir'l'g control line 57, so that the harsh action of the electric control is tempered by the pneumatic braking produced on the control air circulation, by these screws, which permit a suitable adjustment.

The cable withdrawing device comprises a roller 75 having a fixed axis of rotation and a roller 76 which is pivoted at 78 to the body of the winch and is biassed by a spring 79 (FIG. 3) toward the other roller so as to exert pressure on the cable passing between these rollers. The latter are driven by a device comprising gears and two free-wheels. This gear device comprises two co-axial gears 80, 81, the smaller gear 80 meshing with a crown gear 82 provided on one of the sides or checks of the winch pulley 15. Meshed with the gear 81 is a gear 83 mounted on one end of the spindle of the roller 75. At the other end of this spindle,'a gear 84, having the same spindle and the same diameter as the gear 83, meshes with a gear 85 rigid with the spindle of the other'roller 76. A free-Wheel 86, 86' (FIG. 7) is provided on the spindle of the gear 81 and a freewheel 87, 87' is provided on the spindle of the gears 83, 84. The free-wheel 86, '86 comprises a ratchet wheel 86 keyed to the spindle 0f the gear 80 and a awl 86 rigid with the gear 81. The free-wheel 87, 87' comprises a ratchet wheel 87 rigid with the gear 83 and a pawl 87' having a fixed pivot axis. Thus, when the cable descends, the gear 82 drives the gear 80 and therewith the ratchet wheel 86 in a direction opposite to that of the arrow (FIG. 7). Rotation of the ratchet Wheel 86 drives the pawl 86 and, therewith, the. gear 81 in the same direction. The gear 83, which is in mesh with the gear 81, therefore rotates in the direction opposite to that of the arrow, the teeth of the ratchet wheel 87 sliding past the pawl 87. The two rollers 75 and 76 pull on the cable 130.

When the cable is being hoisted up (directions of the arrows in FIG. 7), the gear 80 and the ratchet wheel 86 rotate without driving the pawl 86' and thus without driving the gear 81. The gear 83 is therefore not driven by the pulley, and the cable cannot drive the rollers, owing to the ratchet wheel 87 which is held stationary by the pawl 87'.

The foregoing arrangement permits, when the cable descends, rotating the pressure-applying rollers 75, 76 by means of the pulley 15 at such speed that they always exert a traction on the cable for withdrawing it fromthe pulley and, when hoisting the cable, those rollers ensure that the cable is not wound on the pulley in a disorderly manner, even when there is no load on the cable, the free- wheels 86, 86', 87, 87' preventing any rotation of these rollers. The spring 79, which urges the rollers together, provides the necessary frictional contact between the rollers and the cable. These rollers have suflicient hardness so that they have a suitably long life. Provided in the part of the winch through which the cable is unwound from the pulley, is a guide 88 which is placed perpendicular to the rollers and assures that the cable enters or issues from the winch in a normal manner without need for the aircraft carrying the winch to be perfectly vertical. The aircraft could be inclined as much as 30 from the vertical.

To permit an easier use of the winch and, in particular, to allow automatic slowing down when the loaded hook reaches the upper point of its travel, for instance near the door of an helicopter, the diameter of the cable is slightly increased as at 89, which is, indeed, any point of the cable. When the enlarged part 89 of the cable comes between the pressure- rollers 75 and 76, it forces the roller 76 pivotally mounted about the axis 78, to move and to make the valve 90, urged by spring 91 (FIG. -1) to slide (towards the left on FIG. 4, on the right on FIGS. 1 and 3). This valve 90 is connected, by the pipe 92 to the supply pipe 30, by pipe 93 to the open air, and, by pipe 94, to the rear part of slowing down valve 95 which, when sliding towards the left, reduces the section of passage of air supplied in the raising operation of the cable. When the enlarged part 89 of the cable moves the roller 76 away from the roller 75, and therefore the valve 90 to slide, the air is supplied through the pipes 92 and 94 at the rear of the valve 95 and pushes it back thus reducing the cross-section of the passage of air supply, and therefore slowingdown the raising of the hook. An aperture 120 is provided in the body of the valve 95 to permit the approach of the hook at a reduced speed.

At the end of the raising travel, a disc 96, provided close to the hook, actuates a button 97 which, when moving upwards (see FIGS. 1 and 3), against the action of a spring 98, puts the air supply pipe 57, which controls the main raising valve, into communication with the open air, through the pipe 99 connected to said pipe 57. The winch then stops operation.

To insure an automatic stop of the winch, when the cable is completely unwound, there is provided a roller 100 (see FIGS. 1 and 4) of the same Width as the pulley 15 on which the cable is wound. Said roller 100 is mounted at the end of a lever 101 pivoting around axis 102 and urged upwardly by spring 103 acting on a small rod 104 pivotally connected to the lever 101. By the action of the spring 103 and the rod 105, the roller is permanently pressed against the cable. Said roller 100 thusmeasures the outside diameter of the pulley with the cable wound upon it, and therefore, the length of cable remaining on said pulley. As the length of wound cable decreases, the lever 101 pivots upwards around the axis 102. When there remains only two yards, for instance, of wound cable, the flange 106 of the rod escapes from contact 107 of a switch 108 which opens. Said switch 108 being mounted in series on the operating control circuit of the electro-valve 58 (see FIG. 1) the winch stops in the down travel.

There is further provided a safety switch 109 (FIG. 1) which permits short-circuiting the switch 108 provided for the end of the down travel, so that said switch is inoperative.

Because of said switch 109, it becomes possible, when the winch is operated in the down direction, to unhook the cable, by not stopping the motion of the winch at the end of the normal travel. When the cable is entirely unwound and, therefore, the pulley 15 still rotates in the down direction, the cable will tend to be wound up in the reverse direction and a fixing screw 110 (FIG. 4) adapted to be easily broken, will allow the cable to become completely free.

At the lower part of the winch, and immediately before the exit of the cable, there is provided a device for rapidly cutting the cable. The device comprises a cutter 111 (FIGS. 1 and 3) for cutting the cable against a fixed part 112. The cutter 111 is mounted in a cylinder 113 and is used as a piston. It is submitted to the pressure of gases produced by the combustion of a charge of powder 114 ignited by an electric firing-tube 115. The electric circuit of said firing-tube can be closed by the switch 116. A pin 121 holds the cutter 111 at the beginning of the combustion of the charge 114 and permits the full use of the energy produced during a very short stroke. A vent 123 allows for the outlet of the combustion gases. The cutting of the cable is instantaneous, even when the cable is moving in front of the cutter 111.

To permit the use of the winch, even when the latter has been stopped, during atmospheric circumstances liable to cause an inner or outer deposit of ice on the winch, the latter is partially surrounded with a casing 117 into which can be blown hot air, for instance air coming from the airplane engine. This air can be blown permanently through a jet 118 of small cross-section into the protecting casing of the winch, so as to produce a heating as quick as necessary. A cock can be inserted on the airsupply pipe to stop said supply.

It will also be understood that this invention is susceptible to modification in order to adapt it to difierent usages and conditions, and, accordingly, it is desired to comprehend such modifications within this invention as may fall within the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. In the combination with a hoisting drum driven at different times in opposite directions and rope spooling on and off said drum in said periods of reverse rotation, of companion rolls mounted in yielding engagement with the rope and geared together for automatically keeping the rope tight on the drum in both the winding on and unwinding operations, means controlled by direction of drum rotation for synchronously driving said rolls in the unwinding direction of drum rotation and means for locking said rolls in the winding on direction of drum rotation.

2. In the combination with a hoisting drum driven at different times in opposite directions and rope spooling on and off said drum in said periods of reverse rotation, of companion rolls mounted in yielding engagement with the rope and geared together for automatically keeping the rope tight on the drum in both the Winding on and unwinding operations, a first gearing wheel drivingly connected to said drum, a second gearing wheel drivingly connected to said r0113, 21 one way drive connectionbetween said first Wheel and said second Wheel to drive said second wheel and said rolls in the periods of unwinding direction of drum rotation and a locking device for preventing said second wheei from rotation in the periods of 5 winding on direction of drum rotation.

References Cited in the file of this patent V UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,397,911 Tossizza Nov. 22, 1921 8 Smaltz et a1. July 15,1941 Lawler June 25, 1946 Nelles -2 Oct. 7, 1947 Gunning May 25, 1948 Geyer Jan. 25, 1955 Waterstreet May 24, 1955 Wittberger June 14, 1955 Hopper et a1. June 19, 1956 Zwayer Feb. 18, 1958 Smaltz Dec. 2, 1958

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