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US3051453A - Mixing apparatus - Google Patents

Mixing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3051453A
US3051453A US821917A US82191759A US3051453A US 3051453 A US3051453 A US 3051453A US 821917 A US821917 A US 821917A US 82191759 A US82191759 A US 82191759A US 3051453 A US3051453 A US 3051453A
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United States
Prior art keywords
branch
branches
mixing
stream
sub
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US821917A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sluijters Robert
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Akzona Inc
Original Assignee
American Enka Corp
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/06—Feeding liquid to the spinning head
    • D01D1/065—Addition and mixing of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt; Homogenising
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/432—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa
    • B01F25/4321—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa the subflows consisting of at least two flat layers which are recombined, e.g. using means having restriction or expansion zones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/695—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
    • B29C48/70—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
    • B29C48/705—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows in the die zone, e.g. to create flow homogeneity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/695—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
    • B29C48/70—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
    • B29C48/71—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows for layer multiplication
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/049—Spinnerette mixer

Definitions

  • MIXING APPARATUS Filed June 22, 1959 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN V EN TOR.
  • the present invention relates generally to the mixing of flowing streams of gaseous, liquid and/or granular media through the use of stationary bafiles or pipe re strictors providing a tortuous flow path and more particularly to an improved apparatus for displacing portions or particles from a stream of previously combined materials relative one to the other in a specific manner in order to expedite thorough and homogenous intermixing of the combined materials.
  • the aforesaid copening application discloses a mixing process and apparatus designed specifically to obviate difficulties encountered with commercially available mixers.
  • the system described therein divides a flowing stream into a plurality of partial streams and shifts one partial stream relative to others, as is known in this art, but also deforms or alters the cross-sectional shape of the partial stream to such an extent that the same overlaps or is caused to contribute to a plurality of partial streams on passage through the next subsequent mixing stage.
  • the division and intermingling of partial streams of course may be continued as long as deemed necessary or desirable.
  • the system of mixing described above provides many advantages over known mixers. For example, it is possible, when mixing viscous substances, to predict exactly the mixing action and the result to be obtained, this result depending only on the construction of the mixing unit. Thus, it is possible to obtain a mixing action of any desired degree of uniformity. Moreover, only a fraction of the energy required of known mixers is utilized with the disclosed apparatus.
  • a primary object of this invention is to provide a mixing apparatus not having the disadvantages enumerated above.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to provide a mixing apparatus having the advantages enumerated above but which does not require a complicated system for introducing streams of substances thereto.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a unitary or sectionalized bafile system which can be placed into the supply line of flowing materials in order to insure thorough and uniform homogenization thereof.
  • baflle system which divides a main stream containing substances to be blended into a number of branches or partial streams much in the manner of a family tree, displacing one partial stream with respect to adjacent partial streams while changing the cross-sectional shape thereof, and combining the partial streams in groups corresponding to the original dividing factor.
  • Corresponding branches of the family tree arrangement, so to speak, are maintained at an equal distance from the main body thereof, and portions of one branch are combined with corresponding portions from other branches, as will appear more fully hereinafter.
  • the present invention is similar to that described in the aforesaid copending application in that the main stream is divided into several smaller streams, but this division now occurs stepwise, or progressively, rather than simultaneously. If, for example, the main stream is first divided into two branches, or partial streams, the next subsequent division will produce four new branches, two each from the original branches, and the next step of course would result in eight branches, and so forth. This system may be continued at will and any other dividing factor obviously could be used.
  • the branches so produced are spaced dilferent distances one from the other.
  • the distance between two branches taken in conjunction with the family tree, as used herein, is the geometrical length of a communicating line between the points at which said branches are formed, and measured along stream lines. It may be imagined, therefore, that the length is measured by going upstream from one of the dividing points to a point from which another dividing point can be reached upon following of another branch stream.
  • the divisions or branches having only the original main stream as their common tree ultimately ultimately are located .the greatest distance from one another.
  • FIGURE 1 is a plan view of a component part of the mixer apparatus, if constructed in the most simple manner;
  • FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of the sheet metal part shown in FIGURE 1, but illustrating the bends necessary for assembly with other parts to produce a mixing stage;
  • FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of two pre-formed 'sheet metal parts such "as shown in FIGURE 2 in assembled condition to provide one mixing stage;
  • FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of a mixer apparatus constructed in accordance with this invention and assembled within a tubular supply conduit having a square cross-section, but showing only the lower wall and one side wall thereof, and omitting one group of tabs appearing in FIGURES 1, 2 and 3;
  • FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of an alternative sheet 'metal part that is used in constructing the apparatus appearing in FIGURE 4, there being required two of these sheet metal parts for each mixing stage;
  • FIGURE '6 is a cross-sectional view of a material to be mixed or blended by the apparatus of FIGURE 4, "illustrating by way of example a portion of black pigment disposed as a layer in a larger portion of white vijscous material;
  • FIGURE 7 is a cross-sectional view, taken along the line 77 of FIGURE 4, and indicating the disposition "of material after passage into the first mixing stage;
  • FIGURE 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 8-8 of FIGURE 4, and illustrating the disposition of material when emerging from the first mixing stage;
  • FIGURE 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 99 of FIGURE 4, and illustrating entrance of the material into the next or second mixing stage;
  • FIGURE 10 is 'a schematic flow sheet illustrating the manner in which the main stream is divided, combined
  • FIGURE lliis a schematic diagram illustrating an alternative flow systern which could be accomplished upon slight modification of the apparatus shown in FIGURE 4.
  • the proposed mixing apparatus should be constructed in such a way that the guide elements receiving the main stream "from the supply conduit should first divide the same into a system of smaller streams which in themselves split up in the manner of a family tree, after which the most finely divided streams then join in groups corresponding to the initial division or dividing factor.
  • the pattern of guide elements-forming these divisions should repeat one or'r nore times in the same geometric 'or symmetric order until the discharge end of the apparatus is reached.
  • FIGURE 4 Only one vertical wall 10 and the bottom 11 of such a conduit appears in FIGURE 4, although portions 10', 11' of a complementary wall and top, respectively, have been shown in order to clarify passage of fluid through the apparatus.
  • the walls, top and bottom intersect with and block off unused areas defined by the baffles, as illustrated.
  • the mixing apparatus indicated generally at 12 in FIGURE 4 is snugly fitted within the tubular housing and serves to deflect, divide, and combine flowing streams in the manner shown by arrows, to be discussed more 'etc., as will be evident upon comparison of FIGURES 6 and 8.
  • the bafile pieces, or guide elements which may be identical except that successive mixing stages are reversed in a manner to be described, can conveniently be formed from a flat sheet or metal plate 13 suitably notched at 14, .15, as shown in FIGURE 1.
  • the notch 15 should have a length greater than notch 14.
  • the remaining tabs 18, 20, which are produced by notch 14, provide divider surfaces not appearing on the mixing apparatus shown in FIGURE 4, but which may be used as a leading edge to facilitate division into branch streams.
  • Such additional dividers generally are necessary only when the flow through the mixer shown is turbulent in nature, and are not usually required for laminar flow. These tabs were omitted from FIGURE 4 so that the passage of branch streams therethrough can be more easily understood.
  • the remaining fiat portion 21 of the metal plate 16 forms a flat inner wall surface extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mixing apparatus and supply conduit. This surface, therefore, forms one of the inner walls which are coextensive with a transition area in one mixing stage.
  • the metal plate 13 of FIGURE 1 should be bent or otherwise formed into the shape appearing in FIGURE 2, after which the same may be combined with a complementing plate to form a single mixing stage such as appears in FIGURE 3, wherein the incoming stream (traveling from the left of this figure to the right) is divided, transposed, altered in cross-sectional shape, and permitted to combine.
  • the metal plate 13A shown in FIGURE 5 is provided only with the deflector surfaces 16A, 17A, and inner wall surface 21A, for reasons given above.
  • These plates may be formed by injection molding, if desired, or they may be stamped from a continuous sheet. 7 Moreover, they may be secured one to the other, and to the supply conduit if necessary, by welding, soldering, or in any other convenient manner. In some instances, it may be necessary only to force these elements together and into the conduit.
  • the tabs shown may be bent in either direction. In other words, the initial division of material may shift one section up and the adjacent section It should be pointed out, however, that the tabs of the two metal parts making up one mixing stage must be bent reversely from those on the adjacentmixing stages. Two of the parts shown in FIG- above to form one mixing stage.
  • URE 5 may be placed together in the manner indicated The two parts forming the next succeeding stage, however, must have tabs bent in the opposite direction, as will appear upon inspec tion of FIGURE 4. 1
  • FIGURE 4 Operation of the apparatus shown in FIGURE 4 can best be understood by reference also to FIGURES 6-9, inclusive, and the flow sheet shown in FIGURE 10.
  • a flowing stream of material 22 (indicated only by arrows in this figure), which has previously been injected with a pigment, for example, 23 is introduced into the mixer 12 from the upper left of FIGURE 4 and flows therethrough to emerge at the lower right of this figure.
  • This main stream of combined materials is illustrated by line 24 in FIGURE 10.
  • the leading edge of the first flat surface 2118 (which happens to extend vertically, as indicated by dotted lines in FIGURE 6) divides the stream into first and second main branches, indicated at 25 and 26 in FIGURE 10. The same division of course would occur had divider tabs 18, 20 been utilized.
  • a first main branch engages defiector plate 17A and is shifted upwardly while the crosssectional shape thereof is simultaneously changed from rectangular (see FIGURE 6, the material on the left side of the dotted line) to square (see FIGURE 7, the material in the upper left corner). Since the area is reduced, the velocity of course is increased. The same occurs to second main branch 26, but it is shifted vertically downwardly by the deflector plate 16A appearing only in dotted lines in FIGURE 4.
  • each branch is widened and returned to its original shape, but with the longitudinal axis extending horizontally rather than vertically as when it entered the mixing stage.
  • Everything above the horizontal dotted line in FIGURE 8 represents the branch 25, while everything therebelow represents branch 26.
  • branch 25 upon passage into the next mixing stage one part of branch 25 will be channeled with one part of branch 26, the next dividing edge being represented by the vertical dotted line in FIGURE 8.
  • first main branch 25 is divided into first and second subbranches 27, 28, respectively, (see FIGURE 10) and second main branch 26 is divided into third and fourth sub-branches 30, 31, respectively.
  • These sub-branches are shifted, altered in cross-section to appear as in FIG- URE 9, and then flattened again to the FIGURE 8 configuration, but with four layers of pigment 23 (not shown).
  • the main concept here as explained in said copending application Serial No. 774,305, is to divide and combine portions until the layers 22, 23 become infinitely small to insure thorough mixing.
  • first main branch 25 upon discharge of the sub-branches 27, 28, 30 and 31 from the trailing edge of the second Wall plate 21A, one sub-branch from first main branch 25 will be combined with a sub-branch from second main branch 26.
  • main branch 26 is now formed from sub-branches 28, 31, see FIGURE 10.
  • modified main branches 25A, 26A will be introduced into the next mixing stage of the apparatus shown.
  • One mixing stage may be defined as the bafile structure included between the leading edge of the first (vertical) wall surface 21A to the trailing edge of the second horizontal wall surface 21A.
  • modified first main branch 25A is divided into first and second modified sub-branches 3'2, 33, respectively, and modified second main branch 26A is divided into third and fourth modified sub-branches 34, 35, respectively.
  • FIGURE 11 With attention now directed to FIGURE 11, a slightly different system of dividing and combining will be explained. It will be understood that baffles should be added to the apparatus of FIGURE 4 to prevent combining of sub-branches until the same have been individually divided into the smallest portions desired. The same effect may be obtained, of course, by providing small conduits within the mixer and, for purposes of this discussion, the lines shown in FIGURE 11 may represent such conduits. The same would not be spread out as shown, however, but should be confined to the space required of the illustrated apparatus.
  • a main stream 44 of viscose, for example, having a layer of pigment, for example, is introduced into the mixer.
  • the present invention obviously is not limited to such a combination of materials, but has been found to blend the same very thoroughly and efficiently.
  • the main stream 44 is divided into first and second main branches 45, 46, respectively, by the first stage of the mixing apparatus.
  • the first main branch 45 is sub-divided into first and second sub-branches 47, 48, while the second main branch 46 is sub-divided into third and fourth sub-branches 50, 51.
  • the alternative system differs from the first embodiment described hereinabove. Instead of combining alternate or preselected ones of these sub-branches, the same are again sub-divided into respective pairs of the eight ramifications 52, 5'3, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, and 60, as shown. If further division is deemed unnecessary for thorough mixing, the ramifications are then united in pre-selected pairs to form the four modified subbranches 61, 62, 63 and 64. These modified sub-branches are next combined in alternate pairs to form modified first and second main branches 65, 66, respectively. These modified main branches are finally united to form a modified or thoroughly mixed main stream 67.
  • a mixing apparatus comprising a conduit of uniform cross section for supplying a main stream of material to be blended, means within said conduit for dividing said main stream into first and second branch streams, means Within said conduit for simultaneously sub-dividing said first branch stream into first and second sub-branch streams and said second branch stream into third and fourth sub branch streams, means within said conduit for directly combining said first sub-branch stream with said third sub-branch stream and said second sub-branch stream with said fourth sub-branch stream, thereby producing modified first and second branch streams, and means for directly combining said first and second modified branch streams into a modified main stream.
  • a mixer apparatus for insertion into a tubular supply conduit having parallel top and bottom walls and parallel first and second side walls extending normally between said top and bottom walls including at least one mixing stage comprising a first divider plate extending normally between said top and bottom walls intermediate said first and second side walls, said first divider plate having leading and trailing edges, a first deflector plate bridging the space between said first divider plate and said first side wall and extending from a point flush with said bottom wall in substantial alignment with the leading edge of said first divider plate to a point intermediate said top and bottom walls in substantial alignment with the trailing edge of said first divider plate, 'a second deflector plate bridging the space between said first divider plate and said second side wall and extending from a point flush with said top wall in substantial alignment with the leading edge of said first divider plate to a point intermediate said top and bottom walls in substantial alignment with the trailing edge of said first divider plate, a second divider plate extending normally between said first and second side walls intermediate said top and bottom walls, said second divider plate also
  • a third deflector plate bridging the space between said second divider plate and said top wall and extending from a point intermediate said side walls in substantial alignment with the leading edge of said second divider plate to a point flush with said second side Wall in substantial alignment with the trailing edge of said second divider plate
  • a fourth deflector plate bridging the space between said second divider plate and said bottom wall and extending from a point intermediate said side walls in substantial alignment with the leading edge of said second divider plate to a point flush with said first side Wall in substantial alignment with the trailing edge of said second divider plate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US821917A 1958-07-08 1959-06-22 Mixing apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3051453A (en)

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NL883989X 1958-07-08

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US20070049888A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-01 Soerens Dave A Absorbent core comprising a multi-microlayer film
US20070242560A1 (en) * 2006-01-18 2007-10-18 Yoshihiro Norikane Microscopic flow passage structure, microscopic liquid droplet generating method, microscopic liquid droplet generating system, particles, and microcapsules
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US11391522B2 (en) * 2020-04-20 2022-07-19 Mikutay Corporation Tube and chamber type heat exchange apparatus having an enhanced medium directing assembly
US11566855B2 (en) * 2019-08-09 2023-01-31 Mikutay Corporation Tube and chamber heat exchange apparatus having a medium directing assembly with enhanced medium directing panels
WO2024221118A1 (de) 2023-04-24 2024-10-31 Felix Streiff Statische mischelemente mit einem trennsteg und umlenkflächen und statische mischer

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WO2024221118A1 (de) 2023-04-24 2024-10-31 Felix Streiff Statische mischelemente mit einem trennsteg und umlenkflächen und statische mischer

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BE578478A (xx) 1900-01-01
NL103356C (xx) 1900-01-01
GB883989A (en) 1961-12-06
FR1226883A (fr) 1960-08-16

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