US2531841A - Disk blade for trimming book blocks - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 28, 1950 F. J. CASHIN DISK BLADE FOR TRIMMING BOOK BLOCKS Filed June 16, 1948 MIMI! HTTORNEY Patented Nov. 28, i950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE DISK BLADE FOR TRIMMING BOOK OCK Frank J. Gashin, Hanover, Pa., assignor, by mesne assignments, to De Florez Engineering 1Comn nn In orp rated, a corpora ion of (30m ncoticu Application J une 1.6, 1948, Serial No. 33,412

This invention relates to cutting apparatus, and particularly to apparatus designed for the cutting and trimming of the edges of book blocks in the manufacture of hooks. In the manufacture of plastic backed 01' other adhesively bound books and particularly in the manufacture of said books having a hard casing or cover, it is essential to prepare the binding edge of the book so that the edges of the individual pages lie in one plane. These trimmed edges must lie in one plane and the surface of this plane must be of such condition so as to permit the applied adhesive to penetrate and adhere to the cut edge of each individual leaf in the said book block. A principal object of this invention, therefore, is to provide a simple, eflicient, and inexpensive apparatus for effecting a plane cut of suitable surface condition, in the cutting and trimming operations, in the binding of plastic bound books. .It may be explained that this invention proe vides a more efficient and dependable cutting service than is obtained with other cutting arrangements, Heretofore, cutters oi the guillotine type have been extensively used for cutting and trimming the edges of assembled books, in cluding the back edge. However cutters of this type, where the book block is held stationary under direct pressure and the cutting blade is forced through the block in a single powerful motion, are subject to two distinct deficiencies. This operation of h lding the book oc stationary hi t ut e is ced h ou h the bo k block is an p a on p or y ad pt d for in us on in a co in ou o t er d abl rapid p oce s, such as described and claimed in the copending application of Luis de Florez, Peter de Florez and Owen L. Gore, Serial No. 24,494; filed 1, 1,948, In addition, the resulting transverse surface obtained by the cut is excessively sn pe h and indeed of a glazed or glossy character, w ieh is, it has now been found, relatively unsatisiacs tory for an adhesive plastic binding, Although a moderately smooth surface is desirable many cases, there should be opportunity for the applied adhesive to penetrate and adhere to the ou e e of each individual leaf in the said book lock, and hen e ref a y so p vi ion tor control of the smoothness of the cut. Generally peaking, utters of the il otine t pe ar i capable of adjustment or change to provide any, hins l ss han an t em ly o h o t nd a e ill ad p e or inclus n in a continuous r other-- i e d irably rapid p ess, A ur he o ject ofthis invention, therefore, is to provide a cutns and rim ng apparatus that may suitablv be included in a, continuous process and in ad d-ition will give a transversely cut surface suit-,- ably conditioned to permit application of an adhesive in the binding of plastic backed booksirrespective of the type of paper used.

Gutters of the ordinary rotary type are in use at the present time and While they are not sub: ject to the deficiency of being ill adapted to use in a continuous process, they have been found to be unsatisfactory in use upon certain types of paper. When cutters of the said ordinary no,- tary type have been used with certain types of hard or abrasive papers, it has been found the ordinary rotary knife will build up a tremendous pressure in cutting and will, as a consequence of such pressure, deflect upward or downward and thus cause the cut surface to deviate from a plane.

In addition, evidencchas shown that the surace produced by the ordinary rotary knife is subject to the same deficiencies, though to a e ser de ree han the surface pro u y the above mentioned cutters of the guillotine type, of givin an excessively smooth out across the leaves or otherwi e reventing the attainment of a n orm, square exposu e .of each leaf edg table tor the adhesive,

The roblem of ma nta ning a suitably sharp d f a rap dly moving cut in evice is pel a acu book manuiacturc, i. .e. in that m y boo ap rs ave a relatively large conn o min al c at-ins or fil ing material, which is apt to dull a knife or other device quite rapidly.

H nc ano her object oi thi nve tio in addiiion to th je ts o rovidi g a s mple, eat-H oiont n ens ve a par tus for shooting a pl n out of a su face co dition suitable ior the appl cation of adhesive irrespective of the type of paper used, and thus suitable for use in a con:

tinuous process of binding books with plastic or other adhesive, is to provide a cutter which is adapted to be sharpened without interruption of said continuing process.

ystems and for oth r purpose wit in the scope of e append d cla m,

Re r in to the d awings: Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the apparatus as included in a continuous process for g he binding f books:

Fig. 2 is a side view of the apparatus with cer tain parts cut away, orin section generally on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of a fragmentary portion of the apparatus;

Fig. 4 is a vertical section, with certain parts cut away on the line 44 of Fig. 3; and

Fig. 5' is a fragmentary vertical section with certain parts in elevation, generally on line 5-5 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 illustrates the cutter as it would be utilized in a continuous process in the binding operation in the manufacture of books. The pages to be included in the final form of the book are assembled in the proper sequence to form the book block III. The book block I6 therefore consists of a multiplicity of leaves, assembled after the printing and gathering stages, with the individual leaves in the proper sequence, and assembled in such a manner as to have the respective edges of said book block II! approximating plane surfaces. .These book blocks may, for instance, be an assemblage of individual signatures, each consisting of 4, 8, 16, 32 or other usual number of leaves, may be an assemblage of leaves gathered together in an accordion fold (as here shown) or may be an assemblage of individual, completely detached leaves.

Although other means of holding and transporting the book block II! may be utilized, a convenient arrangement is to engage it in a clamp II which acts compressively on opposite faces of the block so as to leave the edges, particularly the back edge I2 accessible for further operations. Preferably, too, the same clamp can be employed to hold the block through at least many, and

indeed practically all of the succeeding steps in said continuous process and the clamp may also serve to transmit motive power to the block as it moves through successive operations.

With the book block III firmly being held in the clamp II, the block is then advanced to the rotary cutting blade I3. The rotary cutting blade I3 consists of a thin disk of suitably rigid material rigidly connected to and rotating about a fixed predetermined axis Ma. As the book block is advanced the cutting edge of the rotary cutting blade meets the book block II) at a point determined by the mutual positional relationship of the blade and the book block as held in the clamp I I. The rateof the cut through the book block I is determined by the speed of the book block III as it moves in a fixed path across the rotary cutting blade I3.

Figures 2, 3 and 4 show the detailed construction of the rotary cutting blade I3 together with its position and mounting with respect to a book block II] undergoing the cutting operation.

Figure 3 is a top plan view of said rotary cutting blade I3. Said blade I3 consists of a circular disk of rigid material, e. g. hard or hardened steel, securely fastened to and rotating in conjunction with an accurately positioned shaft I4. The shaft I4 is rigidly constructed of a suitable material such as steel and is carefully positioned so as to rotate about axis of rotation I4a. Said blade I3 and shaft I4 must be so constructed and secured so as to permit little or no deviation .from the axis of rotation I la despite the great pressures developed when cutting through a book block II]. The cutting edge I of the blade I3 is formed by a bevel I8 on the underside I9 of the blade-Fig. 4 showing in detail this bevelled surface.

The upper surface 20 of the blade I3 contains a plurality of V-shaped slots. IE embedded on said 'dentation or notch I1.

4 surface 20. These slots IE are radially positioned on the upper surface 20 and extend to the cutting edge I5. The intersection of the slots I6 with the bevelled cutting edge I5 forms an in- These notches H together with the unindented sections of cutting edge I5 form alternate indented and unindented cutting surfaces which in effect give a total cutting edge with a special saw-like character. More specifically, these slots I8 perform a triple function. In conjunction with the cutting edge I5, the slots provide a cutting edge of alternate indented and unindented sections. In the first place this type of cutting edge leaves the surface of the severed edge of the book block 2| (see Fig. 2) in a condition suitable for the application of an adhesive, without any modification. The surface is of the required degree of smoothness for the adhesive to penetrate and adhere to the cut edge of each individual leaf in the said book block II]. In the second place these slots l8 provide for a relief of the pressures built up as the cutting edge I5 traverses book block I0, which pressures normally tend to cause a deviation from a plane cut with the standard type of rotary cutter; thus the device assures a plane cut, irrespective of the type of paper in the book block II]. In the third place the slots I6 because they are V-shaped avoid clogging of the cutter in operation. v

Fig. 2 shows in detail the rotary cutting blade I3 cutting through a book block II]. It is to be noted that the axis of the shaft I4 is positioned so that the plane of rotation of the cutting blade I3 is inclined slightly, e. g. of the order of a few degrees, from the plane of motion of the book block ID. The purpose of this inclination of the cutting blade I3 and the shaft I4 is to prevent possible binding of the cut surface 2I of the book block II! on the upper surface 2!] of the blade I3 and to avoid possible deformation of the cut edges of the leaves, and also to provide clearance for any projecting means (not shown) if the latter is necessary or desired in the structure securing the blade to the shaft I4. Thus the book block is with the attainment of desired smoothness in the trimmed surface of the book.

Fig. 4 presents, in detail, a side view of the cutting edge I5 of the blade I3, showing the slot IS, the cutting edge I5 and the bevel I8 upon the under side I9 of the blade.

Fig. 5 shows in detail the means for sharpening the cutting edge I5 of the blade I3 by a suitable grinding mechanism while in operation.

A grinding wheel 22, e. g. of cylindrical shape is .mounted on a shaft 24, to be driven thereby, re-

movably positioned by a bearing assembly 23, so that the plane annular grinding surface of the wheel 23 may be brought in contact with the entire radial dimension of the bevelled surface I8 and the cutting edge I5 of the blade I3. The grinding wheel 22, the shaft'24 and the bearing assembly 23 may be moved in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of said wheel 22 and shaft 24'by manual operation of positioning mechaof continuous operation. It will be understood that during the intervals in which the rotating 5 wheel 22 is held in grinding position, the bevelled edge I8 makes contact with the plane annular surface of the wheel 22 at only one side or chord of the annular path of such surface.

By way of specific example, with an arrangement as shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4 very satisfactory results have been obtained under the following conditions:

The illustrated structure is at present believed to be peculiarly efiective, and therefore preferred, for use in book manufacturing operation.

I claim:

Cutting apparatus adapted for the purpose described comprising a thin, rigid disk having its periphery bevelled on one side to provide a sharp,

. circular cutting edge, and having a multiplicity plurality of of shallow spaced grooves, each extending in a radial direction for a substantial distance toward the center of the disk beyond the bevel and of V-cross-section, said grooves being formed in the other side of the disk and intersecting said cutting edge and bevelled periphery to provide a indented portions spaced apart around said periphery.

FRANK J. CASHIN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 714,359 Brooks Nov. 25, 1902 1,975,219 Alexander et a1 Oct. 2, 1934 1,990,967 Wenzel Feb. 12, 1935 2,028,785 Kleineberg Jan. 28, 1936 2,121,062 Vincke June 21, 1938

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