US20070125439A1 - Composite tubing - Google Patents
Composite tubing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070125439A1 US20070125439A1 US11/543,300 US54330006A US2007125439A1 US 20070125439 A1 US20070125439 A1 US 20070125439A1 US 54330006 A US54330006 A US 54330006A US 2007125439 A1 US2007125439 A1 US 2007125439A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- composite
- composite tube
- liner
- permeation barrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 435
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 165
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 382
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 79
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 52
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 52
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 15
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003020 cross-linked polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004703 cross-linked polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002654 heat shrinkable material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006355 Tefzel Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- QHSJIZLJUFMIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound C=C.FC(F)=C(F)F QHSJIZLJUFMIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009730 filament winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012802 nanoclay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002347 wear-protection layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
- F16L1/12—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water
- F16L1/16—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water on the bottom
- F16L1/163—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water on the bottom by varying the apparent weight of the pipe during the laying operation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
- F16L1/12—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water
- F16L1/20—Accessories therefor, e.g. floats, weights
- F16L1/24—Floats; Weights
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
- F16L59/143—Pre-insulated pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/12—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/14—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/18—Double-walled pipes; Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/18—Double-walled pipes; Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
- F16L9/19—Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/18—Double-walled pipes; Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
- F16L9/19—Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
- F16L9/20—Pipe assemblies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2597/00—Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/139—Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
- Y10T428/1393—Multilayer [continuous layer]
Definitions
- Composite tubing is becoming an increasingly popular alternative to conventional steel tubing.
- Composite tubing provides improved mechanical properties, greater chemical and corrosion resistance, and longer service life than conventional steel tubing.
- the composite tubing is faced with a range of environmental and working conditions, some of which may affect the performance of composite tubing.
- composite tubing may be exposed to extreme temperatures and pressures, may be utilized to transport highly corrosive fluids and gases under high pressures, and may be subjected to high stresses and strains due to repeated spooling and un-spooling from a reel.
- the present disclosure is directed to embodiments of composite tubing having properties tailored to meet a wide variety of environmental and working conditions.
- the composite tubing disclosed herein may be continuous, corrosion and fatigue resistant, and lightweight, allowing the composite tubing to be repeatedly spooled and un-spooled on a reel and making the composite tubing particularly suited for use in the oil and gas industry to transport fluids or perform other operations traditionally carried out with steel tubing.
- a composite tube includes a substantially fluid impervious layer, a composite layer of fibers embedded in a matrix, and a thermal insulation layer for maintaining the temperature of fluid carried by the composite tube within a predetermined temperature range.
- the thermal insulation layer may be disposed at any point throughout the cross-section of the composite tube.
- the thermal insulation layer can be disposed between the liner and the composite layer.
- the thermal insulation layer may extend along the entire length of the composite tube or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of the composite tube.
- Materials for the thermal insulation layer are selected based on thermal properties sufficient to maintain the fluid within the desired temperature range and are further selected to withstand external forces that may be applied to the composite tube as a result of, for example, spooling, deployment, or external pressure.
- Suitable materials for the thermal insulation layer may include, for example, syntactic foams, foamed thermoset or thermoplastic materials such as epoxy, urethane, phenolic, vinylester, polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylchlorides, nylons, thermoplastic or thermoset materials filled with particles (such as glass, plastic, micro-spheres, ceramics), filled rubber, aerogels, or other elastic materials, or composites of these materials.
- a composite tube includes a substantially fluid impervious layer, a composite layer of fibers embedded in a matrix, and a crush resistant layer for increasing the hoop strength of the composite tube.
- the crush resistant layer may be disposed at any point throughout the cross-section of the composite tube and may extend along the entire length of the composite tube or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of the composite tube.
- the crush resistant layer may be bonded or unbonded to adjacent layers.
- the crush resistant layer may be a layer of thermoplastic, thermoset material, metal or other material having sufficient strength in the radial direction to increase the hoop strength of the composite tube and, thereby, provide increased crush or collapse resistance to the composite tube.
- the crush resistant layer may have a hoop strength greater than the hoop strength of the substantially fluid impervious layer and the hoop strength of the composite layer.
- the crush resistant layer may be layer of flexible corrugated tubing interposed, for example, between the composite layer and a pressure barrier layer external to the composite layer.
- the corrugated tubing may include a plurality of alternating parallel ridges and grooves.
- the corrugated tubing may be oriented such that the ridges and grooves are oriented at 0 degrees (i.e., parallel) to the longitudinal axis, at 90 degrees (i.e., perpendicular) to the longitudinal axis, or at any other angle (helical) relative to the longitudinal axis.
- the crush resistant layer may be a plurality of discrete rings spaced along the length of the composite tube and interposed, for example, between the interior liner and the composite layer.
- the crush resistant layer may be a coiled spring interposed, for example, between the composite layer and a pressure barrier layer external to the composite layer.
- a composite tube includes an internal, fluid impervious liner, a composite layer of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding and bonded to the internal liner and an external layer disposed exterior to the composite layer.
- the external layer may comprise at least one longitudinal section that is free to move longitudinally relative to the composite layer during bending of the composite tube.
- the external layer may be, for example, a wear resistant layer, a pressure barrier layer, another composite layer, a thermal insulation layer, a permeation barrier, or a buoyancy control layer. Bonding of the interior liner to the composite layer inhibits the separation of the layers during spooling or deployment due to shear forces on the composite tube.
- the interior layer may be chemically and/or mechanically bonded to the composite layer.
- At least one longitudinal section of the external layer may be unbonded to the composite layer to permit the longitudinal section to move longitudinally relative to the composite layer during bending of the composite tube.
- the external layer is may be unbonded to the composite layer to reduce manufacturing costs for the composite tube as well as to increase the flexibility of the composite tube during spooling.
- a composite tube includes an internal liner and a composite layer of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding at least a portion of the internal liner.
- the internal liner may include a substantially fluid impervious inner layer and a permeation barrier.
- the permeation barrier operates to inhibit the permeation of fluids, particularly gases under pressure, through the internal liner.
- the permeation barrier may have a permeability of less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 (cm 3 )/cm per sec-cm 2 -bar, preferably, less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 (cm 3 )/cm per sec-cm 2 -bar.
- the permeation barrier may extend along the entire length of the composite tube or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of the composite tube.
- the permeation barrier can be constructed from any metal, metal alloy, or combinations of metals suitable for use in composite tubing.
- the metal or metals may be selected to withstand the external forces applied to the composite tube as a result of spooling, deployment, or external pressure and the internal forces applied to the composite tube from a pressurized fluid carried within the composite tube.
- the permeability of the metal layer forming the permeation barrier may be less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 14 (cm 3 )/cm per sec-cm 2 -bar, and, preferably, is approximately zero (0).
- the metal or metals may be selected to have a melt temperature greater than the operational temperature of the composite tube.
- composite tubing for use in the oil and gas industry may have an operational temperature of up to about 350° F.
- the permeation barrier can be constructed from polymers, such as thermoplastics, thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers, metal-coated polymers, filled polymers, or composites thereof, having the desired permeability to inhibit fluid flow through the permeation barrier.
- polymers such as thermoplastics, thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers, metal-coated polymers, filled polymers, or composites thereof, having the desired permeability to inhibit fluid flow through the permeation barrier.
- fillers are added to the polymer to reduce the permeability of the polymer. Examples of such fillers include metallic fillers, clays, nano-clays, ceramic materials, fibers, silica, graphite, and gels.
- the metallic layer may be applied to the composite tube using a wide variety of processes, generally depending on the type of metal used and the intended operating conditions of the composite tube.
- the metallic layer may be a metal foil that can be wrapped about the composite tube during manufacturing of the composite tube or co-formed with the inner layer of the interior liner.
- the metal foil may be applied to the composite tube using conventional coating processes such as, for example, plating, deposition, or powder coating.
- a metal foil laminated to a polymer film can be used as a permeation barrier, such as aluminum, steel, stainless steel or other alloys laminated to polyester, polypropylene, HDPE, or other polymer film.
- the permeation barrier may be a fusible metal having a low melt temperature that allows the metal to be applied in a liquid or semi-liquid state to the composite tube.
- the fusible metal is selected to have a melt temperature less than the processing temperature of the composite tubing during manufacturing and greater than the intended operational temperature of the composite tube.
- the permeation barrier may be formed of the fusible metal indium or indium alloys. Exemplary indium alloys may include Ag, Pb, Sn, Bi, and/or Cd.
- a composite tube may include an optional adhesive layer interposed between the inner layer and the permeation barrier to facilitate bonding of the inner layer and the permeation barrier.
- Materials for the adhesive layer may include any polymers or other materials suitable for bonding, chemically, mechanically and/or otherwise, to the permeation barrier and to the inner layer of the internal liner of the composite tube. Suitable materials may include, for example, contact type adhesives or liquid resin type adhesives, thermoplastics, thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers, metal-coated polymers, filled polymers, or combinations thereof.
- the adhesive layer material may have a melt temperature greater than the operational temperature of the composite tube and less than the manufacturing process temperature of the composite tube.
- the adhesive layer comprises a layer of thermoplastic having a melt temperature of less than 350° F.
- the adhesive layer material may have a curing temperature less than the manufacturing process temperature of the composite tube.
- the composite tube may also include an optional second adhesive layer interposed between the permeation barrier and the composite layer to facilitate bonding of the composite layer to the permeation barrier.
- Materials for the second adhesive layer may include any polymers or other materials suitable for bonding, chemically, mechanically and/or otherwise, to the material forming the permeation barrier, e.g., metal, and to the matrix material of the composite layer of the composite tube. Suitable materials may include, for example, contact type adhesives or liquid resin type adhesives, thermoplastics, thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers, metal-coated polymers, filled polymers, or combinations thereof.
- the material forming the second adhesive layer is chemically reactive with both the metal forming the permeation barrier and the matrix of the composite layer.
- the first adhesive layer and/or the second adhesive layer may be a composite of contact type adhesives or liquid resin type adhesives, thermoplastics, thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers, metal-coated polymers, and/or filled polymers.
- the internal liner may include multiple fluid impervious layers, multiple permeation barriers, and multiple adhesive layers.
- a composite tube may include an internal liner having a substantially fluid impervious inner thermoplastic layer, a permeation barrier in the form of a metal foil layer, a first adhesive layer interposed between the inner layer and the permeation barrier, a second substantially fluid impervious layer external to the permeation barrier and a second adhesive layer interposed between the permeation barrier and the second substantially fluid impervious layer.
- a composite tube in accordance with another exemplary embodiment, includes an internal liner and a composite layer of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding at least a portion of the internal liner.
- the internal liner may include a substantially fluid impervious inner layer, a permeation barrier, and an optional adhesive layer interposed between the permeation barrier and the composite layer to facilitate bonding of the composite layer and the permeation barrier.
- the permeation barrier may operate to inhibit the permeation of fluids, particularly gases under pressure, through the internal liner.
- the permeation barrier may have a permeability of less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 (cm 3 )/cm per sec-cm 2 -bar, preferably, less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 (cm 3 )/cm per sec-cm 2 -bar.
- the permeation barrier may extend along the entire length of the composite tube or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of the composite tube.
- a composite tube includes an internal liner, a composite layer of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding at least a portion of the internal liner, and a pressure barrier layer external to the composite layer.
- the pressure barrier layer may include a substantially fluid impervious inner layer and a permeation barrier.
- the permeation barrier operates to inhibit the permeation of fluids, particularly gases under pressure, through the pressure barrier layer.
- the permeation barrier may have a permeability of less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 (cm 3 )/cm per sec-cm 2 -bar, preferably, less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 (cm 3 )/cm per sec-cm 2 -bar.
- the pressure barrier layer and the permeation barrier may extend along the entire length of the composite tube or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of the composite tube.
- the pressure barrier layer of a composite tube may include an optional adhesive layer interposed between the inner layer and the permeation barrier to facilitate bonding of the inner layer and the permeation barrier.
- the pressure barrier layer of a composite tube may include an optional adhesive layer interposed between the permeation barrier and another layer of the composite tube, such as an external wear resistant layer, to facilitate bonding of the permeation barrier to the additional layer.
- the pressure barrier layer may include multiple fluid impervious layers, multiple permeation barriers, and multiple adhesive layers.
- the substantially fluid impervious layer of the internal liner, the substantially fluid impervious layer of the pressure barrier, and/or other layers of the composite tube may include one or more surface grooves oriented axially, i.e., generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the composite tube, or oriented helically relative to the longitudinal axis of the composite tube.
- the grooves create axially or helically flow paths for fluids that may permeate into the layers of the composite tube.
- the flow paths formed by the grooves operate to increase the axial or helical permeability relative to the permeability through the cross-section of the composite tube.
- the axial or helical permeability is greater than the radial permeability of the composite tube.
- a system for venting fluid from the grooves may also be provided.
- the system may include one or more vent paths through the layers of composite tube.
- a vent path may be in fluid communication at one end with an axially or helically oriented groove on the interior liner and/or the pressure barrier layer and in fluid communication with the interior or the exterior of the composite tube at another end. In this manner, fluid within the grooves may be vented or otherwise discharged from within the wall of the composite tube via the vent path.
- the system for venting fluid from the grooves may be a coupling, fitting, or other external structure attached to the composite tube.
- the coupling may include a vent path that is in fluid communication at one end with an axial or helically oriented groove within the internal liner or a pressure barrier layer and in fluid communication with the interior or exterior of composite tube at another end.
- the coupling may include a one-way check valve within the vent path to inhibit fluid flow into the grooves from the interior or exterior of the composite tube.
- the permeation barrier of the internal liner and/or the pressure barrier of the composite tube may include one or more holes that allow for the flow of fluid through the permeation barrier.
- one or more holes may be provided at discrete locations along the length of composite tube to provide preferential venting of fluids across the permeation barrier.
- a composite tube in accordance with another exemplary embodiment, includes an internal liner and a composite layer of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding at least a portion of the internal liner.
- the composite tube may have high axial permeability relative to the permeability through the cross-section of the composite tube to allow for the axial transport of fluids that may permeate into the walls of the composite tube.
- the axial permeability of the composite tube may be at least five times greater than the radial permeability of a composite tube having a circular cross section.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of an exemplary composite tube including an interior liner, a thermal insulation layer, and a composite layer;
- FIG. 2 is a side view in cross-section of the composite tube of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3A is a side view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including a crush resistant layer disposed between the composite layer and an exterior layer;
- FIG. 3B is a side view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including a crush resistant layer disposed between the interior liner and the composite layer;
- FIG. 4A is a side view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including a crush resistant layer formed from a corrugated tube;
- FIG. 4B is an elongated cross-sectional view of the corrugated tube of FIG. 4A ;
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including a crush resistant layer formed by a plurality of spaced-apart rings;
- FIG. 6A is a perspective view, partially broken away, of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including a crush resistant layer formed by a coiled spring;
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the composite tube of FIG. 6A ;
- FIG. 7 is a side view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including an un-bonded external layer
- FIG. 8 is a side view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including a layer of low density material
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of an exemplary composite tube including a composite layer and an interior liner having an inner layer, a permeation barrier, and an optional adhesive layer interposed between the inner layer and the permeation barrier;
- FIG. 10 is a side view in cross-section of the composite tube of FIG. 9 ;
- FIG. 11 is a side view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including an optional second adhesive layer disposed between the composite layer and the permeation barrier;
- FIG. 12 is a side view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including a composite layer and an interior liner having an inner layer, a permeation barrier, and an optional adhesive layer interposed the composite layer and the permeation barrier;
- FIG. 13 is a side elevational view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including an interior liner, a composite layer, and a pressure barrier having an inner layer, a permeation barrier, and an optional adhesive layer interposed between the inner layer and the permeation barrier;
- FIG. 14 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of an exemplary composite tube including a composite layer and an interior liner, illustrating axial grooves formed on the inner layer of the interior liner;
- FIG. 15 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of an exemplary composite tube including a composite layer and an interior liner, illustrating helical grooves formed on the inner layer of the interior liner;
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of an exemplary composite tube including a composite layer and an interior liner having an inner layer and a permeation barrier, illustrating vent holes formed in the permeation barrier of the interior liner;
- FIG. 17 is a longitudinal cross-section of an exemplary composite tube including a composite layer and an interior liner having an inner layer, a permeation barrier, and an optional adhesive layer interposed between the inner layer and the permeation barrier, illustrating axial grooves formed on the inner layer of the interior liner and vent paths providing communication between the axial grooves and the interior of the composite tube;
- FIG. 18 is a longitudinal cross section of an exemplary composite tube including a composite layer and an interior liner having an inner layer, a permeation barrier, and an optional adhesive layer interposed between the inner layer and the permeation barrier, illustrating axial grooves formed on the inner layer of the interior liner and an external coupling having vent paths providing communication between the axial grooves and the interior of the composite tube.
- an exemplary composite tube 10 constructed of an internal liner 12 , a thermal insulation layer 14 , and a composite layer 16 is illustrated.
- the composite tube 10 is generally formed along a longitudinal axis 18 and can have a variety of cross-sectional shapes, including circular, oval, rectangular, square, polygonal, and the like.
- the illustrated tube 10 has a circular cross-section.
- the composite tube 10 can generally be constructed in manner analogous to one or more of the composite tubes described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,016,845, U.S. Pat. No. 5,921,285, U.S. Pat. No. 6,148,866, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,004,639 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,286,558.
- Each of the aforementioned patents is incorporated herein by reference.
- the liner 12 may serves as a fluid containment layer and as a pressure barrier layer to resist leakage of internal fluids from the composite tube 10 .
- the liner 12 is preferably substantially fluid impervious to resist the leakage of internal fluid into additional layers of the composite tube 10 .
- the liner 12 may be constructed from polymeric materials such as thermoplastics and thermoset polymers. Alternatively, the liner 12 may be constructed from elastomeric or metallic or a heat-shrinkable material.
- the liner 12 may also include fibers or additives to increase the load carrying strength of the liner and the overall load carrying strength of the composite tube.
- the metals forming the liner 12 can include, individually or in combination, steel, titanium, lead, aluminum, copper, or stainless steel.
- the polymeric materials making up the liner 12 can be thermoplastic or thermoset materials.
- the liner 12 can be formed of homo-polymers, co-polymers, composite polymers, or co-extruded composite polymers. Homo-polymers refer to materials formed from a single polymer, co-polymers refers to materials formed by blending two or more polymers, and composite polymers refer to materials formed of two or more discrete polymer layers that have been permanently bonded or fused.
- the polymeric materials forming the interior liner are preferably selected from a group of various polymers, including but not limited to: polyvinylidene fluoride, etylene tetrafluoroethylene, cross-linked polyethylene (“PEX”), polyethylene, and polyester.
- Further exemplary thermoplastic polymers include materials such as polyphenylene sulfide, polyethersulfone, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polypropylene, and acetyl.
- the liner 12 can also include fibers to increase the load carrying strength of the liner and the overall load carrying strength of the composite tube 10 .
- Exemplary composite fibers include graphite, glass, kevlar, fiberglass, boron, and polyester fibers, and aramid.
- the liner 12 may also be a nano-composite such as polypropylene filled with nano-clay.
- the liner 12 may be resistive to corrosive chemicals such as heterocyclic amines, inorganic sulfur compound, and nitrogenous and acetylenic organic compounds.
- corrosive chemicals such as heterocyclic amines, inorganic sulfur compound, and nitrogenous and acetylenic organic compounds.
- Three types of liner material polyvinylidene fluoride (“PVDF”), etylene tetrafluoroethylene (“ETFE”), and polyethylene (“PE”), have been found to meet the severe chemical exposure characteristics demanded in particular applications involving composite coiled tubing.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- ETFE etylene tetrafluoroethylene
- PE polyethylene
- Two particularly attractive materials for the liner material are the RC10-089 grade of PVDF, manufactured by Atochem, and Tefzel® manufactured DuPont.
- the liner comprises co-polymers formed to achieve enhanced characteristics, such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance and electrical resistance.
- a liner 12 can be formed of a polymer and an additive such that the liner has a high electrical resistance or such that the liner dissipates static charge buildup within the composite tube 10 .
- carbon black can be added to a polymeric material to form a liner 12 having a resistivity on the order of 10 8 ohms/centimeter.
- the carbon black additive forms a liner 12 having an increased electrical conductivity that provides a static discharge capability.
- the static discharge capability advantageously prevents the ignition of flammable fluids being circulated within the composite tube 10 .
- the polymeric materials forming the liner 12 can have an axial modulus of elasticity exceeding 100,000 psi.
- the liner 12 may have a modulus exceeding 100,000 psi.
- a liner with an axial modulus of elasticity less than 500,000 psi advantageously allows the liner to bend, rather than pull away from the composite layer, as the composite tube is spooled or bent around a reel.
- the liner 12 has a mechanical elongation of at least 25%.
- a liner with a mechanical elongation of at least 25% can withstand the increased bending and stretching strains placed upon the liner 12 as it is coiled onto a reel and inserted into and removed from various well bores. Accordingly, the mechanical elongation characteristics of the liner 12 may prolong the overall life of the composite tube 10 .
- the liner 12 preferably has a melt temperature of at least 250° Fahrenheit so that the liner is not altered or changed during the manufacturing process for forming the composite coiled tubing.
- a liner having these characteristics typically has a radial thickness in the range of 0.02-0.25 inches.
- the composite layer 16 can be formed of one or more plies, each ply having one or more fibers disposed within a matrix, such as a polymer, resin, or thermoplastic.
- the fiber material and orientation can be selected to provide the desired mechanical characteristics for the composite layer 16 and the composite tube 10 .
- the composite layer 16 is disposed external to and is coextensive with the internal liner 12 and the thermal insulation layer 14 .
- the liner 12 may be disposed external to the composite layer 16 to serve as a substantially fluid impervious layer and/or a pressure barrier layer and inhibit external fluids from leaking through the composite tube 10 .
- the composite layer 16 and the liner 12 need not be coextensive circumferentially or coextensive longitudinally. Additional composite layers or other internal or external layers beyond the composite layer 16 , such as a wear resistant layer, a pressure barrier layer, or an other layer disclosed herein may also be provided to enhance the capabilities of the composite tube 10 .
- the matrix has a tensile modulus of at least 100,000 psi, preferably at least 250,000 psi, and has a maximum tensile elongation of at least 5%.
- the matrix may have a glass transition temperature of at least 180° F.
- the matrix may have a melt temperature of at least 250° F.
- the fibers may be structural fibers and/or flexible yarn components.
- the structural fibers may be formed of carbon, nylon, polyester, aramid, thermoplastic, glass, or other suitable fiber materials.
- the flexible yarn components, or braiding fibers may be formed of nylon, polyester, aramid, thermoplastic, glass, or other suitable fiber materials.
- the fibers included in the composite layer 16 can be woven, braided, knitted, stitched, circumferentially wound, or helically wound.
- the fibers can be biaxially or triaxially braided.
- the composite layer 16 can be formed through pultrusion processes, braiding processes, or continuous filament winding processes.
- a tube formed of the liners and the composite layers disclosed herein may form a composite tube having a tensile strain of at least 0.25 percent and being capable of maintaining an open bore configuration while being spooled on a reel.
- the liner 12 may also include grooves or channels on the exterior surface of the liner.
- the liner 12 may be bonded to the composite layer 16 or other layers of the composite tube, such as the thermal insulation layer 14 .
- the grooves may increase the bonding strength between the liner 12 and other layers by supplying a roughened surface for the components of the other layers, e.g., fibers, the matrix material, or an adhesive, to bond to.
- the grooves may further increase the bonding strength between the liner 12 and the composite layer 16 if the grooves are filled with a matrix.
- the matrix may acts as an adhesive, causing the composite layer to be securely adhered to the underlying liner 12 .
- the grooves are helically oriented on the liner relative to the longitudinal axis 17 .
- the composite tube 10 may optionally include one or more energy conductors within the composite tube.
- sensors optionally may be provided within the composite tube 10 to monitor the condition of the tube and/or conditions of the fluid transported by the composite tube 10 .
- the thermal insulation layer 14 in the exemplary composite tube is disposed between the liner 12 and the composite layer 16 and is provided within the composite tube 10 to maintain the temperature of fluid carried by the composite tube 10 within a predetermined temperature range.
- the thermal insulation layer 14 may be disposed at any point throughout the cross-section of the composite tube 10 .
- the thermal insulation layer may be disposed interior to the liner 12 , exterior to the composite layer 16 , or between the composite layer 16 and additional layer(s), including a wear protection layer, of the composite tube 10 .
- the thermal insulation layer 14 may be disposed between the composite layer and an outer wear resistant layer.
- the thermal insulation layer 14 may extend along the entire length of the composite tube 10 or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of the composite tube 10 . In this manner, the entire composite tube 10 may be insulated or selected segments of the composite tube 10 may be separately insulated. Additionally, the thermal properties of the thermal insulation layer 14 may be varied along the length of the composite tube 10 by, for example, varying the material selected or the radial thickness of the thermal insulation layer 14 . In this manner, selected lengths of the composite tube 10 may provide greater thermal insulation to the transported fluid than other lengths of the composite tube 10 .
- Materials for the thermal insulation layer 14 are selected based on the thermal properties required to maintain the fluid within the desired temperature range. Additional consideration may be given to the ability of the material selected to withstand external forces that may be applied to the composite tube as a result of, for example, spooling, deployment, or external pressure.
- Suitable materials for the thermal insulation layer may include for example, syntactic foams, foamed thermoset or thermoplastic materials such as epoxy, urethane, phenolic, vinylester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylchlorides, nylons, thermoplastic or thermoset materials filled with particles (such as glass, plastic, micro-spheres, ceramics), filled rubber, aerogels, or other elastic materials, or composites of these materials.
- FIG. 3A illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube.
- the composite tube 50 may include an internal, fluid impervious liner 12 , a composite layer 16 of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding the internal liner 12 , and a crush resistant layer 52 surrounding the composite layer 16 for increasing the hoop strength of the composite tube 50 .
- the composite tube 50 may also include an optional pressure barrier layer 54 .
- the crush resistant layer may have a hoop strength greater than the hoops strength of one or more of the other layers of the composite tube, including, for example, the interior liner 12 and the composite layer 16 .
- the crush resistant layer 52 is illustrated as being disposed between the composite layer 16 and the pressure barrier layer 54 , the crush resistant layer 52 may be disposed at any point throughout the cross-section of the composite tube 50 .
- the crush resistant layer may be disposed interior to the liner 12 ( FIG. 3B ), exterior to the composite layer 16 , or between the composite layer 16 and additional layer(s) of the composite tube 10 .
- the crush resistant layer 52 may extend along the entire length of the composite tube 52 or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of the composite tube. In this manner, increased crush resistance may be provided to the entire length of the composite tube 50 or to selective longitudinal segments of the composite tube 50 .
- the amount of crush resistance e.g.
- hoop strength, provided by the crush resistant layer 52 may be varied along the length of the composite tube 52 by, for example, varying the material used for the crush resistant layer 52 , the make-up or structure of the crush resistant layer 52 , and/or the radial thickness of the crush resistant layer 52 . In this manner, selective longitudinal segments of the composite tube 52 can have increased crush resistance compared to other segments of the composite tube 50 .
- the crush resistant layer 52 may be constructed from a thermoplastic, thermoset material, metal, fiber reinforced composite material, interlocking metal, corrugated metal, or other material having sufficient strength in the radial direction to increase the hoop strength of the composite tube and, thereby, provide increased crush or collapse resistance to the composite tube 52 .
- the crush resistant layer may be a continuous layer of axially interlocking rings in which each ring may connected to an axially adjacent ring.
- a layer of interlocking rings may provide increased hoop strength and increased flexibility, as the layer may bend or flex at the junction of adjacent rings.
- the interlocking rings may be constructed of metal, such as steel or stainless steel, polymers, fiber reinforced composites, or composite/metal hybrids.
- the rings within a layer may be constructed of the same or different materials.
- the crush resistant layer 52 may be a layer of flexible corrugated tubing 56 interposed, for example, between the composite layer 16 and the pressure barrier layer 54 external to the composite layer.
- the corrugated tubing 56 may include a plurality of alternating parallel ridges 58 and grooves 60 .
- the corrugated tubing 56 may be oriented such that the ridges 58 and grooves 60 are oriented at 0 degrees (i.e., parallel) to the longitudinal axis, at 90 degrees (i.e., perpendicularly) to the longitudinal axis, or at any other angle (i.e. helically) relative to the longitudinal axis.
- the crush resistant layer 52 may be a plurality of discrete rings 62 spaced along the length of the composite tube 50 and interposed, for example, between the composite layer 16 and the pressure barrier layer 54 .
- the rings 62 may be oriented circumferentially as illustrated or, alternatively, the rings 62 may be oriented helically, i.e., at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the composite tube.
- the crush resistant layer 52 may be a coiled spring 64 interposed, for example, between the composite layer 16 and the pressure barrier layer 54 .
- the spring 64 is oriented coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the composite tube.
- the spring 64 preferably has a rectilinear cross-section, as best illustrated in FIG. 6B to facilitate incorporation of the spring between the composite layer 16 and the pressure barrier layer 54 .
- the cross-section of the spring may be other shapes without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
- a composite tube 100 includes an internal, fluid impervious liner 12 , a composite layer 16 of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding and bonded to the internal liner 12 and an external layer 102 that is free to move longitudinally relative to other layers of the composite tube.
- the external layer 102 is free to move longitudinally relative to the adjacent composite layer 16 .
- the external layer 102 may be, for example, a wear resistant layer, a pressure barrier layer, or any other layer described herein.
- the layers of the composite tubes disclosed herein may be optionally bonded to one another.
- the liner 12 may be optionally bonded to the composite layer 16 . Bonding of the liner 12 to the composite layer 16 inhibits the separation of the layers during spooling or deployment due to shear forces on the composite tube 100 .
- the liner 12 may be, for example, chemically and/or mechanically bonded to the composite layer 16 .
- the external layer 102 is unbonded to the adjacent composite layer 16 thereby permitting the external layer 102 to move longitudinally relative to the adjacent composite layer 16 .
- manufacturing costs for the composite tube 100 may be reduced and the flexibility of the composite tube 100 during bending, for example during spooling, may be increased.
- An unbonded external layer 102 may also be more readily repaired or replaced in the event of wear than an integrally bonded external layer.
- one or more discrete lengths of the external layer, or other layers may be unbonded to one or both adjacent layers, if the external layer has an adjacent layer on both sides.
- the entire length of the external layer, or other layers may be unbonded to one or both adjacent layers, if the external layer has an adjacent layer on both sides.
- Additional exterior layers for example additional composite layers, wear resistant layers or pressure barrier layers may be provided external to the exterior layer 102 .
- the additional layers may be bonded to the respective adjacent interior layer or may be unbonded depending the particular application of the composite tube 100 .
- FIG. 8 illustrates a further exemplary embodiment of composite tube 150 that includes an internal, fluid impervious liner 12 , a composite layer 16 of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding the internal liner 12 , and a layer 152 of low density material incorporated within the composite tube to provide buoyancy to at least a longitudinal segment of the composite tube 150 .
- An optional pressure barrier layer 54 as well as other additional layers including additional layers 152 of low density material and additional composite layers, may be provided external to the layer 152 of low density material.
- the layer 152 is illustrated as being disposed between the composite layer 16 and the pressure barrier layer 54 , the layer 152 of low density material may be disposed at any point throughout the cross-section of the composite tube 150 including, for example, between the inner liner 12 and the composite layer 16 .
- the layer 152 of low density material may extend along the entire length of the composite tube 150 or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of the composite tube 150 .
- the layer 152 of low density material allows selected longitudinal segments or the entire length of the composite tube to have positive or neutral buoyancy.
- the low density material for the layer 152 is selected to have a specific gravity of less than or equal to 1.
- Suitable low density materials may include, for example, syntactic foams, foamed thermoset or thermoplastic materials such as epoxy, urethane, phenolic, vinylester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylchlorides, nylons, thermoplastic or thermoset materials filled with particles (such as glass, plastic, micro-spheres, ceramics), filled rubber or other elastic materials, or composites of these materials.
- a layer of high density material may be incorporated into a composite tube to selectively weight segments or the entire length of the composite tube and thereby selectively provide negative buoyancy to the composite tube.
- the high density material selected has a specific gravity greater than 1.25 and preferably greater than 2.0.
- the layer of high density material may be incorporated into the composite tube in a manner analogous to the layer 152 of low density material described above.
- a composite tube may include segments of low density material and segments of high density material.
- an exemplary composite tube 200 constructed of an interior liner 212 and a composite layer 18 is illustrated.
- the liner 212 serves as a fluid containment and permeation barrier to resist permeation of internal fluids from the composite tube 200 .
- the liner 212 includes a fluid impervious inner layer 218 , a permeation barrier 220 , and an optional adhesive layer 222 interposed between the inner layer 218 and the permeation barrier 220 .
- the inner layer 218 is may be constructed in a manner analogous to the interior liner described above.
- the inner layer 218 may be constructed from polymeric materials such as thermoplastics and thermoset polymers, and may also be constructed from elastomeric or metallic or a heat-shrinkable material.
- the inner layer 218 may also include fibers or additives to increase the load carrying strength of the liner and the overall load carrying strength of the composite tube.
- the permeation barrier 220 may be constructed from any metal or combinations of metals suitable for use in composite tubing and having a permeability sufficient to inhibit the permeation of fluid through the permeation barrier.
- the metal selected for the permeation barrier 220 may have a permeability of less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 (cm 3 )/cm per sec-cm 2 -bar, preferably, less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 (cm 3 )/cm per sec-cm 2 -bar.
- the metal or metals may be selected to withstand the external forces applied to the composite tube 10 as a result of spooling, deployment, or external pressure, as well as the internal forces applied to the composite tube 200 from a pressurized fluid carried within the composite tube.
- the metal or metals may be selected to have a melt temperature greater than the operational temperature of the composite tube 200 .
- composite tubing for use in the oil and gas industry may have an operational temperature of up to approximately 350° F.
- a metal layer forming the permeation barrier may have a permeability of less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 14 (cm 3 )/cm per sec-cm 2 -bar, and, preferably, approximately zero (0).
- the permeation barrier 220 can be constructed from polymers, such as thermoplastics, thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers, nano-composites, metal coated polymers or composites thereof, having the desired permeability to inhibit fluid permeation through the permeation barrier, as well as the desired structural properties.
- the metallic layer forming the permeation barrier may be applied to the composite tube 200 using a wide variety of processes, generally depending on the type of metal used and the intended operating conditions of the composite tube.
- the metallic layer may be a metal foil that can be wrapped about the composite tube 200 during manufacturing of the composite tube or co-formed with the inner layer of the interior liner.
- the metal forming the permeation barrier may be applied to the composite tube 200 using conventional coating processes such as, for example, plating, deposition, or powder coating.
- the permeation barrier may be a fusible metal having a low melt temperature that allows the metal to be applied in a liquid or semi-liquid state to the composite tube and also allows the metal to form a seal with the layer the metal is applied to prevent permeation.
- the fusible metal is selected to have a melt temperature less than the processing temperature of the composite tubing during manufacturing and greater than the intended operational temperature of the composite tube.
- Indium or Indium alloys for example, may be a suitable fusible metal for use in the metallic layer.
- the exemplary embodiment illustrates the permeation barrier 220 disposed within the liner 212 of the composite tube 200
- the permeation barrier 220 may be disposed at any point throughout the cross-section of the composite tube 200 .
- the permeation barrier 220 may be disposed interior to the liner 212 , exterior to the composite layer 16 , between the composite layer 16 and additional layer(s) of the composite tube 200 , or between additional layers of the composite tube.
- alternative embodiments of the composite tube may include a plurality of permeation barriers positioned throughout the cross-section of the composite tube.
- the permeation barrier 220 may extend along the entire length of the composite tube 200 or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of the composite tube 200 . In this manner, the entire composite tube 200 may include one or more permeation barriers or selected segments of the composite tube 200 may include one or more permeation barriers. Additionally, the permeability of the permeation barrier 220 may be varied along the length of the composite tube 200 by, for example, varying the material selected, the radial thickness or the density of the permeation barrier 220 . In this manner, selected lengths of the composite tube 200 may have greater permeability than other lengths of the composite tube 200 .
- the optional adhesive layer 222 may be provided to facilitate bonding between the fluid impervious layer 218 and the permeation barrier 220 .
- Materials for the optional adhesive layer 222 may include any polymers or other materials suitable for bonding, chemically, mechanically and/or otherwise, to the material forming the permeation barrier, e.g., metal, and to the material forming the inner layer 218 of the internal liner 212 of the composite tube 200 .
- Suitable materials for the adhesive layer 222 may include, for example, contact type adhesives or liquid resin type adhesives, thermoplastics, thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers, or combinations thereof.
- the adhesive layer material may have a melt temperature greater than the operational temperature of the composite tube and less than the manufacturing process temperature of the composite tube.
- the adhesive layer comprises a layer of thermoplastic having a melt temperature of less than 300° F.
- the adhesive layer material may have a curing temperature less than the manufacturing process temperature of the composite tube.
- the optional adhesive layer 222 may be applied to the inner layer 218 , added during the manufacturing process for the composite tube 200 , or may be applied to the permeation barrier 220 .
- the adhesive layer 222 may extend along the entire length of the permeation barrier 220 or the inner layer 218 or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths between the permeation barrier 220 or the inner layer 218 . In this manner, the entire length of the permeation barrier 220 and the inner layer 218 may be bonded together or, alternatively, selected segments of the permeation barrier 220 and the inner layer 218 may be bonded. Additionally, the bonding or adhesive properties of the adhesive layer 222 may be varied along the length of the permeation barrier 220 or the inner layer 218 . In this manner, selected lengths of the permeation barrier 220 and the inner layer 218 may have greater bond strength than other lengths of the composite tube 200 .
- the adhesive layer 222 is optional. In certain exemplary embodiments, an adhesive layer between the inner layer 218 and the permeation barrier 220 may not be necessary or desired. For example, the material of the inner layer 218 may be selected to bond with the material of the permeation barrier 220 , eliminating the need for a separate adhesive layer. In other exemplary embodiments, the permeation barrier 220 may not be bonded to the inner layer 218 or the permeation barrier 220 may be mechanically bonded to the inner layer 218 by the compression force exerted on the permeation barrier by the layers external to the permeation barrier 220 .
- FIG. 11 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube.
- the composite tube 250 may include an interior liner 212 and a composite layer 16 .
- the interior liner 212 includes a fluid impervious inner layer 218 , a permeation barrier 220 , an optional first adhesive layer 222 interposed between the inner layer 218 and the permeation barrier 220 , and an optional second adhesive layer 252 interposed between the permeation barrier 220 and the composite layer 16 .
- the optional second adhesive layer 252 is provided to facilitate bonding of the composite layer 16 to the permeation barrier 220 .
- Materials for the second adhesive layer 252 may include any polymers or other materials suitable for facilitating bonding, chemically, mechanically and/or otherwise, to the material forming the permeation barrier 222 , e.g., metal, and to the matrix material of the composite layer 214 of the composite tube 250 .
- Suitable materials may include, for example, contact type adhesives or liquid resin type adhesives, thermoplastics, thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers, or combinations thereof.
- the material forming the second adhesive layer 252 is chemically reactive with both the metal forming the permeation barrier 252 and the matrix of the composite layer 16 .
- the material forming the second adhesive layer 252 may have a melt temperature greater than the operational temperature of the composite tube and less than the manufacturing process temperature of the composite tube.
- the second adhesive layer comprises a layer of thermoplastic having a melt temperature of less than 200° F.
- the material forming the second adhesive layer 252 may have a curing temperature less than the manufacturing process temperature of the composite tube.
- the optional second adhesive layer 252 may be applied to the permeation barrier 220 or otherwise added during the manufacturing process for the composite tube 250 .
- the second adhesive layer 252 may extend along the entire length of the permeation barrier 220 or composite layer 16 or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths between the permeation barrier 220 or composite layer 16 . In this manner, the entire length of the permeation barrier 220 and the composite layer 16 may be bonded together or, alternatively, selected segments of the permeation barrier 220 and the composite layer 16 may be bonded. Additionally, the bonding or adhesive properties of the second adhesive layer 252 may be varied along the length of the permeation barrier 220 or the composite layer 16 . In this manner, selected lengths of the permeation barrier 220 and the composite layer 16 may have greater bond strength than other lengths of the composite tube 250 .
- FIG. 12 illustrates a further exemplary embodiment of a composite tube 300 .
- the composite tube 300 may include an interior liner 212 and a composite layer 16 .
- the interior liner 212 includes a fluid impervious inner layer 218 , a permeation barrier 220 , and an optional adhesive layer 252 interposed between the permeation barrier 220 and the composite layer 16 .
- the optional adhesive layer 252 is provided to facilitate bonding of the composite layer 16 to the permeation barrier 220 and may be constructed in a manner analogous to the second adhesive layer 252 described above in connection with the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 11 .
- FIG. 13 illustrates a further exemplary embodiment of a composite tube 350 .
- the composite tube 350 may include an interior liner 212 , a composite layer 16 , a pressure barrier layer 352 exterior to the composite layer 16 , and an exterior wear resistant layer 354 .
- the interior liner 212 may include a fluid impervious inner layer 218 , a permeation barrier 220 , and an optional adhesive layer 222 interposed between the permeation barrier 220 and the inner layer 218 , as described above in connection with the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10 .
- the interior liner 212 may also include an optional second adhesive layer 252 , as described in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 11 .
- the interior liner 212 may include only the substantially fluid impervious inner layer 218 , as in the case of the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 described above.
- the pressure barrier 352 includes a fluid impervious inner layer 318 , a permeation barrier 320 , and an optional adhesive layer 322 interposed between the permeation barrier 320 and the inner layer 318 .
- the adhesive layer 322 may optionally be provided to facilitate bonding of the inner layer 318 to the permeation barrier 320 .
- the materials, structure and function of the inner layer 318 , the permeation barrier 320 , and the adhesive layer 322 is analogous to that of the inner layer 218 , the permeation barrier 220 , and the adhesive layer 222 of the interior liner 212 , described above in connection with the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10 .
- the adhesive layer 322 is optional. In certain exemplary embodiments, the adhesive layer 322 may not be necessary or desired.
- the pressure barrier 352 may also include an optional second adhesive layer to facilitate bonding of the permeation barrier 320 to the external wear resistant layer 354 .
- FIG. 14 illustrates an additional exemplary embodiment of a composite tube.
- the composite tube 400 may include an interior liner 212 and a composite layer 16 .
- the interior liner 212 includes a fluid impervious inner layer 218 .
- the interior liner 212 may also optionally include a permeation barrier and an optional adhesive layer.
- the substantially fluid impervious inner layer 218 of the internal liner 212 may include a plurality of axially oriented, relative to the longitudinal axis 18 of the composite tube 400 , surface grooves 402 .
- the grooves 402 create axially flow paths for fluids that may permeate into the inner layer 218 of the composite tube 400 .
- the flow paths formed by the grooves 402 operate to increase the axial permeability relative to the cross-sectional, e.g., radial, permeability of the composite tube 400 .
- the axial permeability of the composite tube 400 may be at least five times greater than the radial permeability of the composite tube 400 .
- the axial grooves 402 may be in fluid communication with a venting system, described below, or may communicate directly with the interior or exterior of the composite tube 400 . Thus, fluid permeating through the inner layer 218 from the interior of the composite tube 400 can be vented from the composite tube 400 through the grooves 402 without becoming trapped within the wall of the composite tube 400 .
- FIG. 15 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube that is similar in construction to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 14 .
- the substantially fluid impervious inner layer 218 of the internal liner 212 may include a plurality of helically oriented, relative to the longitudinal axis 18 of the composite tube 410 , surface grooves 412 . Similar to the axially grooves 402 described above in connection with FIG. 14 , the helical grooves 412 create helical flow paths for fluids that may permeate into the inner layer 218 of the composite tube 410 .
- the flow paths formed by the grooves 412 operate to increase the axial permeability relative to the cross-sectional, e.g., radial, permeability of the composite tube 410 .
- the axial permeability of the composite tube 410 may be at least five times greater than the radial permeability of the composite tube 410 .
- FIG. 16 illustrates an additional exemplary embodiment of a composite tube.
- the composite tube 420 may include an interior liner 212 and a composite layer 14 .
- the interior liner 212 includes a fluid impervious inner layer 218 and a permeation barrier 220 .
- the permeation barrier 220 may include may include one or more holes 222 that allow for the flow of fluid through the permeation barrier 220 .
- one or more holes 222 may be provided at discrete locations along the length of composite tube 220 to provide preferential venting of fluids across the permeation barrier 220 .
- the number and arrangement of the holes 222 may be varied depending on the permeability desired proximate the holes 222 .
- axial grooves 402 , the helical grooves 412 , and the holes 422 may be provided on additional layers of the composite tube in other exemplary embodiments, including any of the layers disclosed herein.
- axial or helical grooves may be provided on the fluid impervious layer of one or more pressures barriers within the composite tube.
- the axial or helical grooves may be provided on layers other than fluid impervious layers, like, for example, on a composite layer of the composite tube.
- FIG. 17 illustrates an additional exemplary embodiment of a composite tube.
- the composite tube 430 may include an interior liner 212 , a composite layer 16 , and a wear resistant layer 354 .
- the interior liner 212 includes a fluid impervious inner layer 218 , a permeation barrier 220 , and an optional first adhesive layer 222 interposed between the inner layer 218 and the permeation barrier 220 .
- the substantially fluid impervious inner layer 218 of the internal liner 212 may include a plurality of axially oriented, relative to the longitudinal axis 18 of the composite tube 430 , surface grooves 402 .
- the composite tube 430 may include a system for venting fluid from the grooves 402 .
- the venting system may include one or more vent paths 434 through the inner layer 218 of composite tube 430 .
- Each vent path 434 may be in fluid communication at one end with an axial groove 402 and in fluid communication with the interior 436 of the composite tube 430 at another end.
- fluid within the axial grooves 402 may be vented or otherwise discharged from within the wall of the composite tube, in this example, within the inner layer 218 , of the composite tube 430 , via the vent paths 434 .
- vent paths 434 may be provided at any location throughout the cross-section of the composite tube and may be associated with one or more axial, helical or other grooves provided within the composite tube. Moreover, the vent paths 434 may positioned to be in fluid communication with the exterior of the composite tube, as well as the interior of the composite tube as illustrated in FIG. 17 and described above.
- FIG. 18 illustrates an additional exemplary embodiment of a composite tube.
- the composite tube 440 may include an interior liner 212 , a composite layer 16 , and a wear resistant layer 354 .
- the interior liner 212 includes a fluid impervious inner layer 218 , a permeation barrier 220 , and an optional first adhesive layer 222 interposed between the inner layer 218 and the permeation barrier 220 .
- the substantially fluid impervious inner layer 218 of the internal liner 212 may include a plurality of axially oriented, relative to the longitudinal axis 16 of the composite tube 440 , surface grooves 402 .
- the composite tube 440 may include a system for venting fluid from the grooves 402 .
- an annular coupling 442 attached to the composite tube 440 provides the venting system.
- the coupling 442 may include one or more vent paths 444 that are each in fluid communication at one end with an axial oriented groove 402 within the inner layer 218 and in fluid communication with the interior 436 of the composite tube 440 at another end.
- a one-way check valve 446 may be provided within each vent path 444 to inhibit fluid flow into the grooves 402 from the interior 436 of the composite tube 440 .
- a single vent path 444 may be provided within the coupling 442 to provide fluid communication between all the grooves 402 and the interior of the composite tube 440 .
- the coupling 442 is a pipe-to-pipe connector that connects two sections of the composite tube, sections 440 A and 440 B, together.
- the coupling 442 may be an end connector for connecting an end of the composite tube 440 to external equipment.
- the exemplary embodiments of composite tubes disclosed herein describe multiple layers that may be used within a composite pipe.
- the layers disclosed herein may be used in any of the described exemplary embodiments or may be arranged to create additional exemplary embodiments.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The present disclosure is directed to embodiments of composite tubing having properties tailored to meet a wide variety of environmental and working conditions. Composite tubes disclosed herein may include one or more of the following layers: a internal liner, a composite layer, a thermal insulation layer, a crush resistant layer, a permeation barrier, buoyancy control layer, a pressure barrier layer, and a wear resistant layer. Grooves may be provided in one or more layers of the composite tube to provide increased axial permeability to the composite tube. A venting system, including vent paths, may be provided in the composite tube to vent fluid that may become trapped within the wall of the composite tube.
Description
- The present application claims priority to U.S. Ser. No. 10/134,971, which in turn claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/287,268 filed Apr. 27, 2001, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/287,193 filed Apr. 27, 2001, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/337,848 filed Nov. 5, 2001, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/337,025 filed Dec. 3, 2001. Each of the above-referenced patent applications is incorporated herein by reference.
- Composite tubing is becoming an increasingly popular alternative to conventional steel tubing. Composite tubing provides improved mechanical properties, greater chemical and corrosion resistance, and longer service life than conventional steel tubing. As composite tubing is introduced into service in different operations, for example as line pipe, as down-hole well pipe, or as sub-sea pipe for the oil and gas industries, the composite tubing is faced with a range of environmental and working conditions, some of which may affect the performance of composite tubing. For example, composite tubing may be exposed to extreme temperatures and pressures, may be utilized to transport highly corrosive fluids and gases under high pressures, and may be subjected to high stresses and strains due to repeated spooling and un-spooling from a reel.
- The present disclosure is directed to embodiments of composite tubing having properties tailored to meet a wide variety of environmental and working conditions. The composite tubing disclosed herein may be continuous, corrosion and fatigue resistant, and lightweight, allowing the composite tubing to be repeatedly spooled and un-spooled on a reel and making the composite tubing particularly suited for use in the oil and gas industry to transport fluids or perform other operations traditionally carried out with steel tubing.
- In accordance with one exemplary embodiment, a composite tube includes a substantially fluid impervious layer, a composite layer of fibers embedded in a matrix, and a thermal insulation layer for maintaining the temperature of fluid carried by the composite tube within a predetermined temperature range. The thermal insulation layer may be disposed at any point throughout the cross-section of the composite tube. For example, the thermal insulation layer can be disposed between the liner and the composite layer. The thermal insulation layer may extend along the entire length of the composite tube or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of the composite tube.
- Materials for the thermal insulation layer are selected based on thermal properties sufficient to maintain the fluid within the desired temperature range and are further selected to withstand external forces that may be applied to the composite tube as a result of, for example, spooling, deployment, or external pressure. Suitable materials for the thermal insulation layer may include, for example, syntactic foams, foamed thermoset or thermoplastic materials such as epoxy, urethane, phenolic, vinylester, polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylchlorides, nylons, thermoplastic or thermoset materials filled with particles (such as glass, plastic, micro-spheres, ceramics), filled rubber, aerogels, or other elastic materials, or composites of these materials.
- In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, a composite tube includes a substantially fluid impervious layer, a composite layer of fibers embedded in a matrix, and a crush resistant layer for increasing the hoop strength of the composite tube. The crush resistant layer may be disposed at any point throughout the cross-section of the composite tube and may extend along the entire length of the composite tube or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of the composite tube. The crush resistant layer may be bonded or unbonded to adjacent layers. The crush resistant layer may be a layer of thermoplastic, thermoset material, metal or other material having sufficient strength in the radial direction to increase the hoop strength of the composite tube and, thereby, provide increased crush or collapse resistance to the composite tube. The crush resistant layer may have a hoop strength greater than the hoop strength of the substantially fluid impervious layer and the hoop strength of the composite layer.
- In one embodiment, the crush resistant layer may be layer of flexible corrugated tubing interposed, for example, between the composite layer and a pressure barrier layer external to the composite layer. The corrugated tubing may include a plurality of alternating parallel ridges and grooves. The corrugated tubing may be oriented such that the ridges and grooves are oriented at 0 degrees (i.e., parallel) to the longitudinal axis, at 90 degrees (i.e., perpendicular) to the longitudinal axis, or at any other angle (helical) relative to the longitudinal axis. In another embodiment, the crush resistant layer may be a plurality of discrete rings spaced along the length of the composite tube and interposed, for example, between the interior liner and the composite layer. In a further embodiment, the crush resistant layer may be a coiled spring interposed, for example, between the composite layer and a pressure barrier layer external to the composite layer.
- In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, a composite tube includes an internal, fluid impervious liner, a composite layer of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding and bonded to the internal liner and an external layer disposed exterior to the composite layer. The external layer may comprise at least one longitudinal section that is free to move longitudinally relative to the composite layer during bending of the composite tube. The external layer may be, for example, a wear resistant layer, a pressure barrier layer, another composite layer, a thermal insulation layer, a permeation barrier, or a buoyancy control layer. Bonding of the interior liner to the composite layer inhibits the separation of the layers during spooling or deployment due to shear forces on the composite tube. The interior layer may be chemically and/or mechanically bonded to the composite layer. In one embodiment, at least one longitudinal section of the external layer may be unbonded to the composite layer to permit the longitudinal section to move longitudinally relative to the composite layer during bending of the composite tube. The external layer is may be unbonded to the composite layer to reduce manufacturing costs for the composite tube as well as to increase the flexibility of the composite tube during spooling.
- In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, a composite tube includes an internal liner and a composite layer of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding at least a portion of the internal liner. The internal liner may include a substantially fluid impervious inner layer and a permeation barrier. The permeation barrier operates to inhibit the permeation of fluids, particularly gases under pressure, through the internal liner. For example, the permeation barrier may have a permeability of less than 1×10−10 (cm3)/cm per sec-cm2-bar, preferably, less than 1×10−12 (cm3)/cm per sec-cm2-bar. The permeation barrier may extend along the entire length of the composite tube or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of the composite tube.
- The permeation barrier can be constructed from any metal, metal alloy, or combinations of metals suitable for use in composite tubing. For example, the metal or metals may be selected to withstand the external forces applied to the composite tube as a result of spooling, deployment, or external pressure and the internal forces applied to the composite tube from a pressurized fluid carried within the composite tube. In the case of a metal permeation barrier, the permeability of the metal layer forming the permeation barrier may be less than 1×10−14 (cm3)/cm per sec-cm2-bar, and, preferably, is approximately zero (0). In addition, the metal or metals may be selected to have a melt temperature greater than the operational temperature of the composite tube. For example, composite tubing for use in the oil and gas industry may have an operational temperature of up to about 350° F.
- Alternatively, the permeation barrier can be constructed from polymers, such as thermoplastics, thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers, metal-coated polymers, filled polymers, or composites thereof, having the desired permeability to inhibit fluid flow through the permeation barrier. In the case of filled polymers, fillers are added to the polymer to reduce the permeability of the polymer. Examples of such fillers include metallic fillers, clays, nano-clays, ceramic materials, fibers, silica, graphite, and gels.
- In the case of a metallic permeation barrier, the metallic layer may be applied to the composite tube using a wide variety of processes, generally depending on the type of metal used and the intended operating conditions of the composite tube. For example, the metallic layer may be a metal foil that can be wrapped about the composite tube during manufacturing of the composite tube or co-formed with the inner layer of the interior liner. Alternatively, the metal foil may be applied to the composite tube using conventional coating processes such as, for example, plating, deposition, or powder coating. Alternatively, a metal foil laminated to a polymer film can be used as a permeation barrier, such as aluminum, steel, stainless steel or other alloys laminated to polyester, polypropylene, HDPE, or other polymer film. In addition, the permeation barrier may be a fusible metal having a low melt temperature that allows the metal to be applied in a liquid or semi-liquid state to the composite tube. Preferably, the fusible metal is selected to have a melt temperature less than the processing temperature of the composite tubing during manufacturing and greater than the intended operational temperature of the composite tube. In one exemplary embodiment, the permeation barrier may be formed of the fusible metal indium or indium alloys. Exemplary indium alloys may include Ag, Pb, Sn, Bi, and/or Cd.
- In certain exemplary embodiments, a composite tube may include an optional adhesive layer interposed between the inner layer and the permeation barrier to facilitate bonding of the inner layer and the permeation barrier. Materials for the adhesive layer may include any polymers or other materials suitable for bonding, chemically, mechanically and/or otherwise, to the permeation barrier and to the inner layer of the internal liner of the composite tube. Suitable materials may include, for example, contact type adhesives or liquid resin type adhesives, thermoplastics, thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers, metal-coated polymers, filled polymers, or combinations thereof. In the case of thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers, the adhesive layer material may have a melt temperature greater than the operational temperature of the composite tube and less than the manufacturing process temperature of the composite tube. In one exemplary embodiment, the adhesive layer comprises a layer of thermoplastic having a melt temperature of less than 350° F. In the case of thermoset materials, the adhesive layer material may have a curing temperature less than the manufacturing process temperature of the composite tube.
- The composite tube may also include an optional second adhesive layer interposed between the permeation barrier and the composite layer to facilitate bonding of the composite layer to the permeation barrier. Materials for the second adhesive layer may include any polymers or other materials suitable for bonding, chemically, mechanically and/or otherwise, to the material forming the permeation barrier, e.g., metal, and to the matrix material of the composite layer of the composite tube. Suitable materials may include, for example, contact type adhesives or liquid resin type adhesives, thermoplastics, thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers, metal-coated polymers, filled polymers, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the material forming the second adhesive layer is chemically reactive with both the metal forming the permeation barrier and the matrix of the composite layer.
- In other exemplary embodiments, the first adhesive layer and/or the second adhesive layer may be a composite of contact type adhesives or liquid resin type adhesives, thermoplastics, thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers, metal-coated polymers, and/or filled polymers.
- In further exemplary embodiments, the internal liner may include multiple fluid impervious layers, multiple permeation barriers, and multiple adhesive layers. For example, one exemplary embodiment of a composite tube may include an internal liner having a substantially fluid impervious inner thermoplastic layer, a permeation barrier in the form of a metal foil layer, a first adhesive layer interposed between the inner layer and the permeation barrier, a second substantially fluid impervious layer external to the permeation barrier and a second adhesive layer interposed between the permeation barrier and the second substantially fluid impervious layer.
- In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, a composite tube includes an internal liner and a composite layer of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding at least a portion of the internal liner. The internal liner may include a substantially fluid impervious inner layer, a permeation barrier, and an optional adhesive layer interposed between the permeation barrier and the composite layer to facilitate bonding of the composite layer and the permeation barrier. The permeation barrier may operate to inhibit the permeation of fluids, particularly gases under pressure, through the internal liner. For example, the permeation barrier may have a permeability of less than 1×10−10 (cm3)/cm per sec-cm2-bar, preferably, less than 1×10−12 (cm3)/cm per sec-cm2-bar. The permeation barrier may extend along the entire length of the composite tube or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of the composite tube.
- In accordance with a further exemplary embodiment, a composite tube includes an internal liner, a composite layer of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding at least a portion of the internal liner, and a pressure barrier layer external to the composite layer. The pressure barrier layer may include a substantially fluid impervious inner layer and a permeation barrier. The permeation barrier operates to inhibit the permeation of fluids, particularly gases under pressure, through the pressure barrier layer. For example, the permeation barrier may have a permeability of less than 1×10−10 (cm3)/cm per sec-cm2-bar, preferably, less than 1×10−12 (cm3)/cm per sec-cm2-bar. The pressure barrier layer and the permeation barrier may extend along the entire length of the composite tube or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of the composite tube.
- In certain exemplary embodiments, the pressure barrier layer of a composite tube may include an optional adhesive layer interposed between the inner layer and the permeation barrier to facilitate bonding of the inner layer and the permeation barrier. In other exemplary embodiments, the pressure barrier layer of a composite tube may include an optional adhesive layer interposed between the permeation barrier and another layer of the composite tube, such as an external wear resistant layer, to facilitate bonding of the permeation barrier to the additional layer. In further exemplary embodiments, the pressure barrier layer may include multiple fluid impervious layers, multiple permeation barriers, and multiple adhesive layers.
- In other exemplary embodiments, the substantially fluid impervious layer of the internal liner, the substantially fluid impervious layer of the pressure barrier, and/or other layers of the composite tube may include one or more surface grooves oriented axially, i.e., generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the composite tube, or oriented helically relative to the longitudinal axis of the composite tube. The grooves create axially or helically flow paths for fluids that may permeate into the layers of the composite tube. The flow paths formed by the grooves operate to increase the axial or helical permeability relative to the permeability through the cross-section of the composite tube. In the case of a composite tube having a generally circular cross-section, for example, the axial or helical permeability is greater than the radial permeability of the composite tube. Thus, fluid permeating through the wall of the composite tube can be vented from the composite tube through the grooves without becoming trapped within the wall of the composite tube.
- In certain exemplary embodiments, a system for venting fluid from the grooves may also be provided. The system may include one or more vent paths through the layers of composite tube. For example, a vent path may be in fluid communication at one end with an axially or helically oriented groove on the interior liner and/or the pressure barrier layer and in fluid communication with the interior or the exterior of the composite tube at another end. In this manner, fluid within the grooves may be vented or otherwise discharged from within the wall of the composite tube via the vent path.
- Alternatively, the system for venting fluid from the grooves may be a coupling, fitting, or other external structure attached to the composite tube. The coupling may include a vent path that is in fluid communication at one end with an axial or helically oriented groove within the internal liner or a pressure barrier layer and in fluid communication with the interior or exterior of composite tube at another end. The coupling may include a one-way check valve within the vent path to inhibit fluid flow into the grooves from the interior or exterior of the composite tube.
- In other exemplary embodiments, the permeation barrier of the internal liner and/or the pressure barrier of the composite tube may include one or more holes that allow for the flow of fluid through the permeation barrier. For example, one or more holes may be provided at discrete locations along the length of composite tube to provide preferential venting of fluids across the permeation barrier.
- In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, a composite tube includes an internal liner and a composite layer of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding at least a portion of the internal liner. The composite tube may have high axial permeability relative to the permeability through the cross-section of the composite tube to allow for the axial transport of fluids that may permeate into the walls of the composite tube. For example, the axial permeability of the composite tube may be at least five times greater than the radial permeability of a composite tube having a circular cross section.
- These and other features and advantages of the composite tubes disclosed herein will be more fully understood by reference to the following detailed description in conjunction with the attached drawings in which like reference numerals refer to like elements through the different views. The drawings illustrate principles of the composite tubes disclosed herein and, although not to scale, show relative dimensions.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of an exemplary composite tube including an interior liner, a thermal insulation layer, and a composite layer; -
FIG. 2 is a side view in cross-section of the composite tube ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3A is a side view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including a crush resistant layer disposed between the composite layer and an exterior layer; -
FIG. 3B is a side view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including a crush resistant layer disposed between the interior liner and the composite layer; -
FIG. 4A is a side view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including a crush resistant layer formed from a corrugated tube; -
FIG. 4B is an elongated cross-sectional view of the corrugated tube ofFIG. 4A ; -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including a crush resistant layer formed by a plurality of spaced-apart rings; -
FIG. 6A is a perspective view, partially broken away, of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including a crush resistant layer formed by a coiled spring; -
FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the composite tube ofFIG. 6A ; -
FIG. 7 is a side view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including an un-bonded external layer; -
FIG. 8 is a side view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including a layer of low density material; -
FIG. 9 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of an exemplary composite tube including a composite layer and an interior liner having an inner layer, a permeation barrier, and an optional adhesive layer interposed between the inner layer and the permeation barrier; -
FIG. 10 is a side view in cross-section of the composite tube ofFIG. 9 ; -
FIG. 11 is a side view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including an optional second adhesive layer disposed between the composite layer and the permeation barrier; -
FIG. 12 is a side view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including a composite layer and an interior liner having an inner layer, a permeation barrier, and an optional adhesive layer interposed the composite layer and the permeation barrier; -
FIG. 13 is a side elevational view in cross-section of another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube including an interior liner, a composite layer, and a pressure barrier having an inner layer, a permeation barrier, and an optional adhesive layer interposed between the inner layer and the permeation barrier; -
FIG. 14 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of an exemplary composite tube including a composite layer and an interior liner, illustrating axial grooves formed on the inner layer of the interior liner; -
FIG. 15 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of an exemplary composite tube including a composite layer and an interior liner, illustrating helical grooves formed on the inner layer of the interior liner; -
FIG. 16 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of an exemplary composite tube including a composite layer and an interior liner having an inner layer and a permeation barrier, illustrating vent holes formed in the permeation barrier of the interior liner; -
FIG. 17 is a longitudinal cross-section of an exemplary composite tube including a composite layer and an interior liner having an inner layer, a permeation barrier, and an optional adhesive layer interposed between the inner layer and the permeation barrier, illustrating axial grooves formed on the inner layer of the interior liner and vent paths providing communication between the axial grooves and the interior of the composite tube; and -
FIG. 18 is a longitudinal cross section of an exemplary composite tube including a composite layer and an interior liner having an inner layer, a permeation barrier, and an optional adhesive layer interposed between the inner layer and the permeation barrier, illustrating axial grooves formed on the inner layer of the interior liner and an external coupling having vent paths providing communication between the axial grooves and the interior of the composite tube. - Referring to
FIGS. 1-2 , an exemplarycomposite tube 10 constructed of aninternal liner 12, athermal insulation layer 14, and acomposite layer 16 is illustrated. Thecomposite tube 10 is generally formed along alongitudinal axis 18 and can have a variety of cross-sectional shapes, including circular, oval, rectangular, square, polygonal, and the like. The illustratedtube 10 has a circular cross-section. Thecomposite tube 10 can generally be constructed in manner analogous to one or more of the composite tubes described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,016,845, U.S. Pat. No. 5,921,285, U.S. Pat. No. 6,148,866, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,004,639 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,286,558. Each of the aforementioned patents is incorporated herein by reference. - The
liner 12 may serves as a fluid containment layer and as a pressure barrier layer to resist leakage of internal fluids from thecomposite tube 10. In this regard, theliner 12 is preferably substantially fluid impervious to resist the leakage of internal fluid into additional layers of thecomposite tube 10. Theliner 12 may be constructed from polymeric materials such as thermoplastics and thermoset polymers. Alternatively, theliner 12 may be constructed from elastomeric or metallic or a heat-shrinkable material. Theliner 12 may also include fibers or additives to increase the load carrying strength of the liner and the overall load carrying strength of the composite tube. - In the case of a metal liner, the metals forming the
liner 12 can include, individually or in combination, steel, titanium, lead, aluminum, copper, or stainless steel. In the case of apolymeric liner 12, the polymeric materials making up theliner 12 can be thermoplastic or thermoset materials. For instance, theliner 12 can be formed of homo-polymers, co-polymers, composite polymers, or co-extruded composite polymers. Homo-polymers refer to materials formed from a single polymer, co-polymers refers to materials formed by blending two or more polymers, and composite polymers refer to materials formed of two or more discrete polymer layers that have been permanently bonded or fused. The polymeric materials forming the interior liner are preferably selected from a group of various polymers, including but not limited to: polyvinylidene fluoride, etylene tetrafluoroethylene, cross-linked polyethylene (“PEX”), polyethylene, and polyester. Further exemplary thermoplastic polymers include materials such as polyphenylene sulfide, polyethersulfone, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polypropylene, and acetyl. - The
liner 12 can also include fibers to increase the load carrying strength of the liner and the overall load carrying strength of thecomposite tube 10. Exemplary composite fibers include graphite, glass, kevlar, fiberglass, boron, and polyester fibers, and aramid. Theliner 12 may also be a nano-composite such as polypropylene filled with nano-clay. - The
liner 12 may be resistive to corrosive chemicals such as heterocyclic amines, inorganic sulfur compound, and nitrogenous and acetylenic organic compounds. Three types of liner material, polyvinylidene fluoride (“PVDF”), etylene tetrafluoroethylene (“ETFE”), and polyethylene (“PE”), have been found to meet the severe chemical exposure characteristics demanded in particular applications involving composite coiled tubing. Two particularly attractive materials for the liner material are the RC10-089 grade of PVDF, manufactured by Atochem, and Tefzel® manufactured DuPont. - In other embodiments of
liner 12, the liner comprises co-polymers formed to achieve enhanced characteristics, such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance and electrical resistance. For instance, aliner 12 can be formed of a polymer and an additive such that the liner has a high electrical resistance or such that the liner dissipates static charge buildup within thecomposite tube 10. In particular, carbon black can be added to a polymeric material to form aliner 12 having a resistivity on the order of 108 ohms/centimeter. Accordingly, the carbon black additive forms aliner 12 having an increased electrical conductivity that provides a static discharge capability. The static discharge capability advantageously prevents the ignition of flammable fluids being circulated within thecomposite tube 10. - The polymeric materials forming the
liner 12 can have an axial modulus of elasticity exceeding 100,000 psi. For applications in which thecomposite tube 10 may be subject to high internal pressure, theliner 12 may have a modulus exceeding 100,000 psi. In addition, a liner with an axial modulus of elasticity less than 500,000 psi advantageously allows the liner to bend, rather than pull away from the composite layer, as the composite tube is spooled or bent around a reel. - In certain exemplary embodiments, the
liner 12 has a mechanical elongation of at least 25%. A liner with a mechanical elongation of at least 25% can withstand the increased bending and stretching strains placed upon theliner 12 as it is coiled onto a reel and inserted into and removed from various well bores. Accordingly, the mechanical elongation characteristics of theliner 12 may prolong the overall life of thecomposite tube 10. In the case of polymeric liners, particularly thermoplastic liners, theliner 12 preferably has a melt temperature of at least 250° Fahrenheit so that the liner is not altered or changed during the manufacturing process for forming the composite coiled tubing. A liner having these characteristics typically has a radial thickness in the range of 0.02-0.25 inches. - The
composite layer 16 can be formed of one or more plies, each ply having one or more fibers disposed within a matrix, such as a polymer, resin, or thermoplastic. The fiber material and orientation can be selected to provide the desired mechanical characteristics for thecomposite layer 16 and thecomposite tube 10. In the illustrated embodiment, thecomposite layer 16 is disposed external to and is coextensive with theinternal liner 12 and thethermal insulation layer 14. One skilled in the art will appreciate that other arrangements may be possible. For example, theliner 12 may be disposed external to thecomposite layer 16 to serve as a substantially fluid impervious layer and/or a pressure barrier layer and inhibit external fluids from leaking through thecomposite tube 10. Moreover, thecomposite layer 16 and theliner 12, as well as other layers of the composite tube, if present, need not be coextensive circumferentially or coextensive longitudinally. Additional composite layers or other internal or external layers beyond thecomposite layer 16, such as a wear resistant layer, a pressure barrier layer, or an other layer disclosed herein may also be provided to enhance the capabilities of thecomposite tube 10. - In certain exemplary embodiments, the matrix has a tensile modulus of at least 100,000 psi, preferably at least 250,000 psi, and has a maximum tensile elongation of at least 5%. In the case of a thermoset matrix, the matrix may have a glass transition temperature of at least 180° F. In the case of a thermoplastic matrix, the matrix may have a melt temperature of at least 250° F. The fibers may be structural fibers and/or flexible yarn components. The structural fibers may be formed of carbon, nylon, polyester, aramid, thermoplastic, glass, or other suitable fiber materials. The flexible yarn components, or braiding fibers, may be formed of nylon, polyester, aramid, thermoplastic, glass, or other suitable fiber materials. The fibers included in the
composite layer 16 can be woven, braided, knitted, stitched, circumferentially wound, or helically wound. In particular, the fibers can be biaxially or triaxially braided. Thecomposite layer 16 can be formed through pultrusion processes, braiding processes, or continuous filament winding processes. In certain exemplary embodiments, a tube formed of the liners and the composite layers disclosed herein may form a composite tube having a tensile strain of at least 0.25 percent and being capable of maintaining an open bore configuration while being spooled on a reel. - The
liner 12, illustrated inFIG. 1 , may also include grooves or channels on the exterior surface of the liner. In certain embodiments, theliner 12 may be bonded to thecomposite layer 16 or other layers of the composite tube, such as thethermal insulation layer 14. The grooves may increase the bonding strength between theliner 12 and other layers by supplying a roughened surface for the components of the other layers, e.g., fibers, the matrix material, or an adhesive, to bond to. For example, in embodiments in which theliner 12 is bonded to thecomposite layer 16, the grooves may further increase the bonding strength between theliner 12 and thecomposite layer 16 if the grooves are filled with a matrix. The matrix may acts as an adhesive, causing the composite layer to be securely adhered to theunderlying liner 12. Preferably, the grooves are helically oriented on the liner relative to the longitudinal axis 17. - The
composite tube 10 may optionally include one or more energy conductors within the composite tube. In addition, sensors optionally may be provided within thecomposite tube 10 to monitor the condition of the tube and/or conditions of the fluid transported by thecomposite tube 10. - The
thermal insulation layer 14 in the exemplary composite tube is disposed between theliner 12 and thecomposite layer 16 and is provided within thecomposite tube 10 to maintain the temperature of fluid carried by thecomposite tube 10 within a predetermined temperature range. Although the exemplary embodiment illustrates thethermal insulation layer 14 disposed between theliner 12 and thecomposite layer 16, thethermal insulation layer 14 may be disposed at any point throughout the cross-section of thecomposite tube 10. For example, the thermal insulation layer may be disposed interior to theliner 12, exterior to thecomposite layer 16, or between thecomposite layer 16 and additional layer(s), including a wear protection layer, of thecomposite tube 10. In one embodiment, for example, thethermal insulation layer 14 may be disposed between the composite layer and an outer wear resistant layer. Thethermal insulation layer 14 may extend along the entire length of thecomposite tube 10 or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of thecomposite tube 10. In this manner, the entirecomposite tube 10 may be insulated or selected segments of thecomposite tube 10 may be separately insulated. Additionally, the thermal properties of thethermal insulation layer 14 may be varied along the length of thecomposite tube 10 by, for example, varying the material selected or the radial thickness of thethermal insulation layer 14. In this manner, selected lengths of thecomposite tube 10 may provide greater thermal insulation to the transported fluid than other lengths of thecomposite tube 10. - Materials for the
thermal insulation layer 14 are selected based on the thermal properties required to maintain the fluid within the desired temperature range. Additional consideration may be given to the ability of the material selected to withstand external forces that may be applied to the composite tube as a result of, for example, spooling, deployment, or external pressure. Suitable materials for the thermal insulation layer may include for example, syntactic foams, foamed thermoset or thermoplastic materials such as epoxy, urethane, phenolic, vinylester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylchlorides, nylons, thermoplastic or thermoset materials filled with particles (such as glass, plastic, micro-spheres, ceramics), filled rubber, aerogels, or other elastic materials, or composites of these materials. -
FIG. 3A illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube. Thecomposite tube 50 may include an internal, fluidimpervious liner 12, acomposite layer 16 of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding theinternal liner 12, and a crushresistant layer 52 surrounding thecomposite layer 16 for increasing the hoop strength of thecomposite tube 50. Thecomposite tube 50 may also include an optionalpressure barrier layer 54. In certain embodiments, the crush resistant layer may have a hoop strength greater than the hoops strength of one or more of the other layers of the composite tube, including, for example, theinterior liner 12 and thecomposite layer 16. - Although the crush
resistant layer 52 is illustrated as being disposed between thecomposite layer 16 and thepressure barrier layer 54, the crushresistant layer 52 may be disposed at any point throughout the cross-section of thecomposite tube 50. For example, the crush resistant layer may be disposed interior to the liner 12 (FIG. 3B ), exterior to thecomposite layer 16, or between thecomposite layer 16 and additional layer(s) of thecomposite tube 10. The crushresistant layer 52 may extend along the entire length of thecomposite tube 52 or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of the composite tube. In this manner, increased crush resistance may be provided to the entire length of thecomposite tube 50 or to selective longitudinal segments of thecomposite tube 50. In addition, the amount of crush resistance, e.g. hoop strength, provided by the crushresistant layer 52 may be varied along the length of thecomposite tube 52 by, for example, varying the material used for the crushresistant layer 52, the make-up or structure of the crushresistant layer 52, and/or the radial thickness of the crushresistant layer 52. In this manner, selective longitudinal segments of thecomposite tube 52 can have increased crush resistance compared to other segments of thecomposite tube 50. - The crush
resistant layer 52 may be constructed from a thermoplastic, thermoset material, metal, fiber reinforced composite material, interlocking metal, corrugated metal, or other material having sufficient strength in the radial direction to increase the hoop strength of the composite tube and, thereby, provide increased crush or collapse resistance to thecomposite tube 52. In certain exemplary embodiments, the crush resistant layer may be a continuous layer of axially interlocking rings in which each ring may connected to an axially adjacent ring. A layer of interlocking rings may provide increased hoop strength and increased flexibility, as the layer may bend or flex at the junction of adjacent rings. The interlocking rings may be constructed of metal, such as steel or stainless steel, polymers, fiber reinforced composites, or composite/metal hybrids. The rings within a layer may be constructed of the same or different materials. - In one embodiment illustrated in
FIGS. 4A 4B, the crushresistant layer 52 may be a layer of flexiblecorrugated tubing 56 interposed, for example, between thecomposite layer 16 and thepressure barrier layer 54 external to the composite layer. Thecorrugated tubing 56 may include a plurality of alternatingparallel ridges 58 andgrooves 60. Thecorrugated tubing 56 may be oriented such that theridges 58 andgrooves 60 are oriented at 0 degrees (i.e., parallel) to the longitudinal axis, at 90 degrees (i.e., perpendicularly) to the longitudinal axis, or at any other angle (i.e. helically) relative to the longitudinal axis. - In another embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 5 , the crushresistant layer 52 may be a plurality ofdiscrete rings 62 spaced along the length of thecomposite tube 50 and interposed, for example, between thecomposite layer 16 and thepressure barrier layer 54. Therings 62 may be oriented circumferentially as illustrated or, alternatively, therings 62 may be oriented helically, i.e., at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the composite tube. - In a further embodiment illustrated in
FIGS. 6A and 6B , the crushresistant layer 52 may be a coiledspring 64 interposed, for example, between thecomposite layer 16 and thepressure barrier layer 54. In the illustrated embodiment, thespring 64 is oriented coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the composite tube. Thespring 64 preferably has a rectilinear cross-section, as best illustrated inFIG. 6B to facilitate incorporation of the spring between thecomposite layer 16 and thepressure barrier layer 54. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the cross-section of the spring may be other shapes without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. - In accordance with another exemplary embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 7 , acomposite tube 100 includes an internal, fluidimpervious liner 12, acomposite layer 16 of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding and bonded to theinternal liner 12 and anexternal layer 102 that is free to move longitudinally relative to other layers of the composite tube. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, theexternal layer 102 is free to move longitudinally relative to the adjacentcomposite layer 16. Theexternal layer 102 may be, for example, a wear resistant layer, a pressure barrier layer, or any other layer described herein. - As discussed above, the layers of the composite tubes disclosed herein may be optionally bonded to one another. For example, the
liner 12 may be optionally bonded to thecomposite layer 16. Bonding of theliner 12 to thecomposite layer 16 inhibits the separation of the layers during spooling or deployment due to shear forces on thecomposite tube 100. Theliner 12 may be, for example, chemically and/or mechanically bonded to thecomposite layer 16. - In the illustrated embodiment of
FIG. 7 , theexternal layer 102 is unbonded to the adjacentcomposite layer 16 thereby permitting theexternal layer 102 to move longitudinally relative to the adjacentcomposite layer 16. By not bonding the external layer or other layer to an adjacent layer, manufacturing costs for thecomposite tube 100 may be reduced and the flexibility of thecomposite tube 100 during bending, for example during spooling, may be increased. An unbondedexternal layer 102 may also be more readily repaired or replaced in the event of wear than an integrally bonded external layer. In certain exemplary embodiments, one or more discrete lengths of the external layer, or other layers, may be unbonded to one or both adjacent layers, if the external layer has an adjacent layer on both sides. Alternatively, the entire length of the external layer, or other layers may be unbonded to one or both adjacent layers, if the external layer has an adjacent layer on both sides. - Additional exterior layers, for example additional composite layers, wear resistant layers or pressure barrier layers may be provided external to the
exterior layer 102. The additional layers may be bonded to the respective adjacent interior layer or may be unbonded depending the particular application of thecomposite tube 100. -
FIG. 8 illustrates a further exemplary embodiment ofcomposite tube 150 that includes an internal, fluidimpervious liner 12, acomposite layer 16 of fibers embedded in a matrix surrounding theinternal liner 12, and a layer 152 of low density material incorporated within the composite tube to provide buoyancy to at least a longitudinal segment of thecomposite tube 150. An optionalpressure barrier layer 54, as well as other additional layers including additional layers 152 of low density material and additional composite layers, may be provided external to the layer 152 of low density material. Although the layer 152 is illustrated as being disposed between thecomposite layer 16 and thepressure barrier layer 54, the layer 152 of low density material may be disposed at any point throughout the cross-section of thecomposite tube 150 including, for example, between theinner liner 12 and thecomposite layer 16. The layer 152 of low density material may extend along the entire length of thecomposite tube 150 or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of thecomposite tube 150. The layer 152 of low density material allows selected longitudinal segments or the entire length of the composite tube to have positive or neutral buoyancy. - Preferably, the low density material for the layer 152 is selected to have a specific gravity of less than or equal to 1. Suitable low density materials may include, for example, syntactic foams, foamed thermoset or thermoplastic materials such as epoxy, urethane, phenolic, vinylester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylchlorides, nylons, thermoplastic or thermoset materials filled with particles (such as glass, plastic, micro-spheres, ceramics), filled rubber or other elastic materials, or composites of these materials.
- In a further alternative embodiment, a layer of high density material may be incorporated into a composite tube to selectively weight segments or the entire length of the composite tube and thereby selectively provide negative buoyancy to the composite tube. Preferably, the high density material selected has a specific gravity greater than 1.25 and preferably greater than 2.0. The layer of high density material may be incorporated into the composite tube in a manner analogous to the layer 152 of low density material described above. Moreover, a composite tube may include segments of low density material and segments of high density material.
- Referring to
FIGS. 9 and 10 , an exemplarycomposite tube 200 constructed of aninterior liner 212 and acomposite layer 18 is illustrated. Theliner 212 serves as a fluid containment and permeation barrier to resist permeation of internal fluids from thecomposite tube 200. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated inFIGS. 9 and 10 , theliner 212 includes a fluid imperviousinner layer 218, apermeation barrier 220, and an optionaladhesive layer 222 interposed between theinner layer 218 and thepermeation barrier 220. Theinner layer 218 is may be constructed in a manner analogous to the interior liner described above. For example, theinner layer 218 may be constructed from polymeric materials such as thermoplastics and thermoset polymers, and may also be constructed from elastomeric or metallic or a heat-shrinkable material. Theinner layer 218 may also include fibers or additives to increase the load carrying strength of the liner and the overall load carrying strength of the composite tube. - The
permeation barrier 220 may be constructed from any metal or combinations of metals suitable for use in composite tubing and having a permeability sufficient to inhibit the permeation of fluid through the permeation barrier. For example, the metal selected for thepermeation barrier 220 may have a permeability of less than 1×10−10 (cm3)/cm per sec-cm2-bar, preferably, less than 1×10−12 (cm3)/cm per sec-cm2-bar. In addition, the metal or metals may be selected to withstand the external forces applied to thecomposite tube 10 as a result of spooling, deployment, or external pressure, as well as the internal forces applied to thecomposite tube 200 from a pressurized fluid carried within the composite tube. In addition, the metal or metals may be selected to have a melt temperature greater than the operational temperature of thecomposite tube 200. For example, composite tubing for use in the oil and gas industry may have an operational temperature of up to approximately 350° F. A metal layer forming the permeation barrier may have a permeability of less than 1×10−14 (cm3)/cm per sec-cm2-bar, and, preferably, approximately zero (0). - Alternatively, the
permeation barrier 220 can be constructed from polymers, such as thermoplastics, thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers, nano-composites, metal coated polymers or composites thereof, having the desired permeability to inhibit fluid permeation through the permeation barrier, as well as the desired structural properties. - In the case of a
metallic permeation barrier 220, the metallic layer forming the permeation barrier may be applied to thecomposite tube 200 using a wide variety of processes, generally depending on the type of metal used and the intended operating conditions of the composite tube. For example, the metallic layer may be a metal foil that can be wrapped about thecomposite tube 200 during manufacturing of the composite tube or co-formed with the inner layer of the interior liner. Alternatively, the metal forming the permeation barrier may be applied to thecomposite tube 200 using conventional coating processes such as, for example, plating, deposition, or powder coating. In addition, the permeation barrier may be a fusible metal having a low melt temperature that allows the metal to be applied in a liquid or semi-liquid state to the composite tube and also allows the metal to form a seal with the layer the metal is applied to prevent permeation. Preferably, the fusible metal is selected to have a melt temperature less than the processing temperature of the composite tubing during manufacturing and greater than the intended operational temperature of the composite tube. Indium or Indium alloys, for example, may be a suitable fusible metal for use in the metallic layer. - Although the exemplary embodiment illustrates the
permeation barrier 220 disposed within theliner 212 of thecomposite tube 200, thepermeation barrier 220, as well as one or more optional adhesive layers, if necessary, may be disposed at any point throughout the cross-section of thecomposite tube 200. For example, thepermeation barrier 220 may be disposed interior to theliner 212, exterior to thecomposite layer 16, between thecomposite layer 16 and additional layer(s) of thecomposite tube 200, or between additional layers of the composite tube. In addition, alternative embodiments of the composite tube may include a plurality of permeation barriers positioned throughout the cross-section of the composite tube. Thepermeation barrier 220 may extend along the entire length of thecomposite tube 200 or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths of thecomposite tube 200. In this manner, the entirecomposite tube 200 may include one or more permeation barriers or selected segments of thecomposite tube 200 may include one or more permeation barriers. Additionally, the permeability of thepermeation barrier 220 may be varied along the length of thecomposite tube 200 by, for example, varying the material selected, the radial thickness or the density of thepermeation barrier 220. In this manner, selected lengths of thecomposite tube 200 may have greater permeability than other lengths of thecomposite tube 200. - The optional
adhesive layer 222 may be provided to facilitate bonding between the fluidimpervious layer 218 and thepermeation barrier 220. Materials for the optionaladhesive layer 222 may include any polymers or other materials suitable for bonding, chemically, mechanically and/or otherwise, to the material forming the permeation barrier, e.g., metal, and to the material forming theinner layer 218 of theinternal liner 212 of thecomposite tube 200. Suitable materials for theadhesive layer 222 may include, for example, contact type adhesives or liquid resin type adhesives, thermoplastics, thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers, or combinations thereof. In the case of thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers, the adhesive layer material may have a melt temperature greater than the operational temperature of the composite tube and less than the manufacturing process temperature of the composite tube. In one exemplary embodiment, the adhesive layer comprises a layer of thermoplastic having a melt temperature of less than 300° F. In the case of thermoset materials, the adhesive layer material may have a curing temperature less than the manufacturing process temperature of the composite tube. - The optional
adhesive layer 222 may be applied to theinner layer 218, added during the manufacturing process for thecomposite tube 200, or may be applied to thepermeation barrier 220. Theadhesive layer 222 may extend along the entire length of thepermeation barrier 220 or theinner layer 218 or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths between thepermeation barrier 220 or theinner layer 218. In this manner, the entire length of thepermeation barrier 220 and theinner layer 218 may be bonded together or, alternatively, selected segments of thepermeation barrier 220 and theinner layer 218 may be bonded. Additionally, the bonding or adhesive properties of theadhesive layer 222 may be varied along the length of thepermeation barrier 220 or theinner layer 218. In this manner, selected lengths of thepermeation barrier 220 and theinner layer 218 may have greater bond strength than other lengths of thecomposite tube 200. - The
adhesive layer 222 is optional. In certain exemplary embodiments, an adhesive layer between theinner layer 218 and thepermeation barrier 220 may not be necessary or desired. For example, the material of theinner layer 218 may be selected to bond with the material of thepermeation barrier 220, eliminating the need for a separate adhesive layer. In other exemplary embodiments, thepermeation barrier 220 may not be bonded to theinner layer 218 or thepermeation barrier 220 may be mechanically bonded to theinner layer 218 by the compression force exerted on the permeation barrier by the layers external to thepermeation barrier 220. -
FIG. 11 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube. Thecomposite tube 250 may include aninterior liner 212 and acomposite layer 16. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated inFIG. 11 , theinterior liner 212 includes a fluid imperviousinner layer 218, apermeation barrier 220, an optional firstadhesive layer 222 interposed between theinner layer 218 and thepermeation barrier 220, and an optional secondadhesive layer 252 interposed between thepermeation barrier 220 and thecomposite layer 16. The optional secondadhesive layer 252 is provided to facilitate bonding of thecomposite layer 16 to thepermeation barrier 220. Materials for the secondadhesive layer 252 may include any polymers or other materials suitable for facilitating bonding, chemically, mechanically and/or otherwise, to the material forming thepermeation barrier 222, e.g., metal, and to the matrix material of the composite layer 214 of thecomposite tube 250. Suitable materials may include, for example, contact type adhesives or liquid resin type adhesives, thermoplastics, thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers, or combinations thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, the material forming the secondadhesive layer 252 is chemically reactive with both the metal forming thepermeation barrier 252 and the matrix of thecomposite layer 16. In the case of thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers, the material forming the secondadhesive layer 252 may have a melt temperature greater than the operational temperature of the composite tube and less than the manufacturing process temperature of the composite tube. In one exemplary embodiment, the second adhesive layer comprises a layer of thermoplastic having a melt temperature of less than 200° F. In the case of thermoset materials, the material forming the secondadhesive layer 252 may have a curing temperature less than the manufacturing process temperature of the composite tube. - The optional second
adhesive layer 252 may be applied to thepermeation barrier 220 or otherwise added during the manufacturing process for thecomposite tube 250. The secondadhesive layer 252 may extend along the entire length of thepermeation barrier 220 orcomposite layer 16 or may be disposed along one or more discrete lengths between thepermeation barrier 220 orcomposite layer 16. In this manner, the entire length of thepermeation barrier 220 and thecomposite layer 16 may be bonded together or, alternatively, selected segments of thepermeation barrier 220 and thecomposite layer 16 may be bonded. Additionally, the bonding or adhesive properties of the secondadhesive layer 252 may be varied along the length of thepermeation barrier 220 or thecomposite layer 16. In this manner, selected lengths of thepermeation barrier 220 and thecomposite layer 16 may have greater bond strength than other lengths of thecomposite tube 250. -
FIG. 12 illustrates a further exemplary embodiment of acomposite tube 300. Thecomposite tube 300 may include aninterior liner 212 and acomposite layer 16. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated inFIG. 12 , theinterior liner 212 includes a fluid imperviousinner layer 218, apermeation barrier 220, and an optionaladhesive layer 252 interposed between thepermeation barrier 220 and thecomposite layer 16. The optionaladhesive layer 252 is provided to facilitate bonding of thecomposite layer 16 to thepermeation barrier 220 and may be constructed in a manner analogous to the secondadhesive layer 252 described above in connection with the exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 11 . -
FIG. 13 illustrates a further exemplary embodiment of acomposite tube 350. Thecomposite tube 350 may include aninterior liner 212, acomposite layer 16, apressure barrier layer 352 exterior to thecomposite layer 16, and an exterior wearresistant layer 354. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated inFIG. 13 , theinterior liner 212 may include a fluid imperviousinner layer 218, apermeation barrier 220, and an optionaladhesive layer 222 interposed between thepermeation barrier 220 and theinner layer 218, as described above in connection with the exemplary embodiment ofFIGS. 9 and 10 . Theinterior liner 212 may also include an optional secondadhesive layer 252, as described in connection with the embodiment ofFIG. 11 . Alternatively, theinterior liner 212 may include only the substantially fluid imperviousinner layer 218, as in the case of the exemplary embodiment ofFIGS. 1 and 2 described above. - In the exemplary embodiment of
FIG. 13 , thepressure barrier 352 includes a fluid impervious inner layer 318, a permeation barrier 320, and an optionaladhesive layer 322 interposed between the permeation barrier 320 and the inner layer 318. Theadhesive layer 322 may optionally be provided to facilitate bonding of the inner layer 318 to the permeation barrier 320. The materials, structure and function of the inner layer 318, the permeation barrier 320, and theadhesive layer 322 is analogous to that of theinner layer 218, thepermeation barrier 220, and theadhesive layer 222 of theinterior liner 212, described above in connection with the exemplary embodiment ofFIGS. 9 and 10 . Like theadhesive layer 222, theadhesive layer 322 is optional. In certain exemplary embodiments, theadhesive layer 322 may not be necessary or desired. Thepressure barrier 352 may also include an optional second adhesive layer to facilitate bonding of the permeation barrier 320 to the external wearresistant layer 354. -
FIG. 14 illustrates an additional exemplary embodiment of a composite tube. The composite tube 400 may include aninterior liner 212 and acomposite layer 16. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated inFIG. 14 , theinterior liner 212 includes a fluid imperviousinner layer 218. Theinterior liner 212 may also optionally include a permeation barrier and an optional adhesive layer. The substantially fluid imperviousinner layer 218 of theinternal liner 212 may include a plurality of axially oriented, relative to thelongitudinal axis 18 of the composite tube 400,surface grooves 402. Thegrooves 402 create axially flow paths for fluids that may permeate into theinner layer 218 of the composite tube 400. The flow paths formed by thegrooves 402 operate to increase the axial permeability relative to the cross-sectional, e.g., radial, permeability of the composite tube 400. For example, the axial permeability of the composite tube 400 may be at least five times greater than the radial permeability of the composite tube 400. Theaxial grooves 402 may be in fluid communication with a venting system, described below, or may communicate directly with the interior or exterior of the composite tube 400. Thus, fluid permeating through theinner layer 218 from the interior of the composite tube 400 can be vented from the composite tube 400 through thegrooves 402 without becoming trapped within the wall of the composite tube 400. -
FIG. 15 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a composite tube that is similar in construction to the exemplary embodiment illustrated inFIG. 14 . In the exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 15 , the substantially fluid imperviousinner layer 218 of theinternal liner 212 may include a plurality of helically oriented, relative to thelongitudinal axis 18 of thecomposite tube 410,surface grooves 412. Similar to theaxially grooves 402 described above in connection withFIG. 14 , thehelical grooves 412 create helical flow paths for fluids that may permeate into theinner layer 218 of thecomposite tube 410. The flow paths formed by thegrooves 412 operate to increase the axial permeability relative to the cross-sectional, e.g., radial, permeability of thecomposite tube 410. For example, the axial permeability of thecomposite tube 410 may be at least five times greater than the radial permeability of thecomposite tube 410. -
FIG. 16 illustrates an additional exemplary embodiment of a composite tube. Thecomposite tube 420 may include aninterior liner 212 and acomposite layer 14. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated inFIG. 16 , theinterior liner 212 includes a fluid imperviousinner layer 218 and apermeation barrier 220. Thepermeation barrier 220 may include may include one ormore holes 222 that allow for the flow of fluid through thepermeation barrier 220. For example, one ormore holes 222 may be provided at discrete locations along the length ofcomposite tube 220 to provide preferential venting of fluids across thepermeation barrier 220. The number and arrangement of theholes 222 may be varied depending on the permeability desired proximate theholes 222. - One skilled in the art will appreciate the
axial grooves 402, thehelical grooves 412, and theholes 422 may be provided on additional layers of the composite tube in other exemplary embodiments, including any of the layers disclosed herein. For example, axial or helical grooves may be provided on the fluid impervious layer of one or more pressures barriers within the composite tube. Also, the axial or helical grooves may be provided on layers other than fluid impervious layers, like, for example, on a composite layer of the composite tube. -
FIG. 17 illustrates an additional exemplary embodiment of a composite tube. Thecomposite tube 430 may include aninterior liner 212, acomposite layer 16, and a wearresistant layer 354. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated inFIG. 17 , theinterior liner 212 includes a fluid imperviousinner layer 218, apermeation barrier 220, and an optional firstadhesive layer 222 interposed between theinner layer 218 and thepermeation barrier 220. The substantially fluid imperviousinner layer 218 of theinternal liner 212 may include a plurality of axially oriented, relative to thelongitudinal axis 18 of thecomposite tube 430,surface grooves 402. Thecomposite tube 430 may include a system for venting fluid from thegrooves 402. In the present exemplary embodiment, the venting system may include one ormore vent paths 434 through theinner layer 218 ofcomposite tube 430. Eachvent path 434 may be in fluid communication at one end with anaxial groove 402 and in fluid communication with theinterior 436 of thecomposite tube 430 at another end. In this manner, fluid within theaxial grooves 402 may be vented or otherwise discharged from within the wall of the composite tube, in this example, within theinner layer 218, of thecomposite tube 430, via thevent paths 434. - The
vent paths 434 may be provided at any location throughout the cross-section of the composite tube and may be associated with one or more axial, helical or other grooves provided within the composite tube. Moreover, thevent paths 434 may positioned to be in fluid communication with the exterior of the composite tube, as well as the interior of the composite tube as illustrated inFIG. 17 and described above. -
FIG. 18 illustrates an additional exemplary embodiment of a composite tube. Thecomposite tube 440 may include aninterior liner 212, acomposite layer 16, and a wearresistant layer 354. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated inFIG. 18 , theinterior liner 212 includes a fluid imperviousinner layer 218, apermeation barrier 220, and an optional firstadhesive layer 222 interposed between theinner layer 218 and thepermeation barrier 220. The substantially fluid imperviousinner layer 218 of theinternal liner 212 may include a plurality of axially oriented, relative to thelongitudinal axis 16 of thecomposite tube 440,surface grooves 402. Thecomposite tube 440 may include a system for venting fluid from thegrooves 402. In the present exemplary embodiment, anannular coupling 442 attached to thecomposite tube 440 provides the venting system. Thecoupling 442 may include one ormore vent paths 444 that are each in fluid communication at one end with an axial orientedgroove 402 within theinner layer 218 and in fluid communication with theinterior 436 of thecomposite tube 440 at another end. A one-way check valve 446 may be provided within eachvent path 444 to inhibit fluid flow into thegrooves 402 from theinterior 436 of thecomposite tube 440. In an alternative embodiment, asingle vent path 444 may be provided within thecoupling 442 to provide fluid communication between all thegrooves 402 and the interior of thecomposite tube 440. - In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 18 , thecoupling 442 is a pipe-to-pipe connector that connects two sections of the composite tube,sections 440A and 440B, together. In other exemplary embodiments, thecoupling 442 may be an end connector for connecting an end of thecomposite tube 440 to external equipment. - The exemplary embodiments of composite tubes disclosed herein describe multiple layers that may be used within a composite pipe. The layers disclosed herein may be used in any of the described exemplary embodiments or may be arranged to create additional exemplary embodiments.
- While the composite tubes disclosed herein have been particularly shown and described with references to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the exemplary embodiments described specifically herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (16)
1.-112. (canceled)
113. A composite tube for fluid transport comprising:
A composite tube for fluid transport comprising:
a substantially fluid impervious inner layer;
a permeation barrier layer comprising a plurality of spaced apart holes to allow venting of fluid;
a composite layer comprising fibers;
a vent path in fluid communication with the inner layer and in fluid communication with an exterior of the composite tube; and
a plurality of spaced apart holes to allow venting of fluid.
114. The composite tube of claim 113 , wherein said permeation barrier comprises a polymer.
115. The composite tube of claim 113 , wherein said permeation barrier comprises a thermoplastic polymer.
116. The composite tube of claim 113 , wherein said permeation barrier is disposed exterior to said composite layer.
117. The composite tube of claim 113 , further including an annular coupling.
118. The composite tube of claim 117 , further including a check valve.
119. The composite tube of claim 117 , wherein said coupling is a pipe-to-pipe connector.
120. The composite tube of claim 17, wherein said coupling is an end connector.
121. The composite tube of claim 113 , wherein said composite layer comprises at least one of: glass, aramid, or carbon.
122. The composite tube of claim 113 , wherein said composite layer comprises glass fibers embedded in a matrix.
123. The composite tube of claim 113 , wherein said composite layer comprises fibers helically oriented relative to the longitudinal axis at an angle of between about 30° and about 70°.
124. The composite tube of claim 113 , further including an adhesive layer.
125. The composite tube of claim 124 , wherein said adhesive layer comprises a liquid resin.
126. The composite tube of claim 125 , wherein said adhesive layer comprises a contact type adhesive.
127. The composite tube of 113, wherein said inner layer comprises a thermoplastic.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/543,300 US20070125439A1 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2006-10-04 | Composite tubing |
US12/472,893 US8763647B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2009-05-27 | Composite tubing |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US28726801P | 2001-04-27 | 2001-04-27 | |
US28719301P | 2001-04-27 | 2001-04-27 | |
US33784801P | 2001-11-05 | 2001-11-05 | |
US33702501P | 2001-12-03 | 2001-12-03 | |
US10/134,971 US20020185188A1 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2002-04-29 | Composite tubing |
US11/543,300 US20070125439A1 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2006-10-04 | Composite tubing |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/134,971 Continuation US20020185188A1 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2002-04-29 | Composite tubing |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/472,893 Continuation US8763647B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2009-05-27 | Composite tubing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20070125439A1 true US20070125439A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
Family
ID=27501457
Family Applications (8)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/134,971 Abandoned US20020185188A1 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2002-04-29 | Composite tubing |
US10/134,660 Expired - Lifetime US6663453B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2002-04-29 | Buoyancy control systems for tubes |
US10/677,500 Expired - Lifetime US6764365B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2003-10-02 | Buoyancy control systems for tubes |
US10/894,921 Expired - Lifetime US7029356B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2004-07-20 | Buoyancy control systems for tubes |
US11/107,629 Expired - Lifetime US7234410B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2005-04-14 | Buoyancy control systems for tubes |
US11/543,300 Abandoned US20070125439A1 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2006-10-04 | Composite tubing |
US11/747,568 Abandoned US20080014812A1 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2007-05-11 | Buoyancy Control Systems for Tubes |
US12/472,893 Expired - Fee Related US8763647B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2009-05-27 | Composite tubing |
Family Applications Before (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/134,971 Abandoned US20020185188A1 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2002-04-29 | Composite tubing |
US10/134,660 Expired - Lifetime US6663453B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2002-04-29 | Buoyancy control systems for tubes |
US10/677,500 Expired - Lifetime US6764365B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2003-10-02 | Buoyancy control systems for tubes |
US10/894,921 Expired - Lifetime US7029356B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2004-07-20 | Buoyancy control systems for tubes |
US11/107,629 Expired - Lifetime US7234410B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2005-04-14 | Buoyancy control systems for tubes |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/747,568 Abandoned US20080014812A1 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2007-05-11 | Buoyancy Control Systems for Tubes |
US12/472,893 Expired - Fee Related US8763647B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2009-05-27 | Composite tubing |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (8) | US20020185188A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002259043A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2445586C (en) |
GB (3) | GB2391917B (en) |
NO (2) | NO20026268L (en) |
WO (2) | WO2002087869A2 (en) |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050121094A1 (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 2005-06-09 | Quigley Peter A. | Composite spoolable tube |
US20050189029A1 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-09-01 | Fiberspar Corporation | Fiber reinforced spoolable pipe |
US20080145583A1 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-06-19 | Deepflex Inc. | Free venting pipe and method of manufacture |
US20090236098A1 (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2009-09-24 | Mestemacher Steven A | Reinforced Polymeric Siphon Tubes |
US20100263195A1 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-10-21 | Niccolls Edwin H | Structural Components for Oil, Gas, Exploration, Refining and Petrochemical Applications |
US20100266790A1 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-10-21 | Grzegorz Jan Kusinski | Structural Components for Oil, Gas, Exploration, Refining and Petrochemical Applications |
US20100266781A1 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-10-21 | Grzegorz Jan Kusinski | Structural Components for Oil, Gas, Exploration, Refining and Petrochemical Applications |
US8110741B2 (en) | 1995-09-28 | 2012-02-07 | Fiberspar Corporation | Composite coiled tubing end connector |
US8187687B2 (en) | 2006-03-21 | 2012-05-29 | Fiberspar Corporation | Reinforcing matrix for spoolable pipe |
US20130199656A1 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-08 | Federal-Mogul Powertrain, Inc. | Thermally Resistant Convoluted Sleeve and Method of Construction Thereof |
US8671992B2 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2014-03-18 | Fiberspar Corporation | Multi-cell spoolable composite pipe |
US8678042B2 (en) | 1995-09-28 | 2014-03-25 | Fiberspar Corporation | Composite spoolable tube |
US8746289B2 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2014-06-10 | Fiberspar Corporation | Weighted spoolable pipe |
US8763647B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2014-07-01 | Fiberspar Corporation | Composite tubing |
US8955599B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2015-02-17 | Fiberspar Corporation | System and methods for removing fluids from a subterranean well |
US8985154B2 (en) | 2007-10-23 | 2015-03-24 | Fiberspar Corporation | Heated pipe and methods of transporting viscous fluid |
US9127546B2 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2015-09-08 | Fiberspar Coproation | Downhole fluid separation |
US9206676B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2015-12-08 | Fiberspar Corporation | System and methods for removing fluids from a subterranean well |
US9890880B2 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2018-02-13 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Composite coiled tubing connectors |
US11614183B2 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2023-03-28 | Swagelok Company | Insulated hose arrangements |
US12104718B2 (en) | 2021-02-17 | 2024-10-01 | Gamra Composites, Inc. | Fiber reinforced hoses, composite materials and articles, and related methods |
US12145329B2 (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2024-11-19 | Gamra Composites, Inc. | Fiber reinforced composite materials, articles and related methods |
Families Citing this family (163)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6857486B2 (en) * | 2001-08-19 | 2005-02-22 | Smart Drilling And Completion, Inc. | High power umbilicals for subterranean electric drilling machines and remotely operated vehicles |
US6004639A (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 1999-12-21 | Fiberspar Spoolable Products, Inc. | Composite spoolable tube with sensor |
US9586699B1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 2017-03-07 | Smart Drilling And Completion, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for monitoring and fixing holes in composite aircraft |
EP2295018B1 (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2015-07-15 | Hill-Rom Services, Inc. | Patient support |
GB0020552D0 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2000-10-11 | Crp Group Ltd | Pipe assembly |
OA12417A (en) * | 2001-01-08 | 2006-04-18 | Stolt Offshore Sa | Marine riser tower. |
US9625361B1 (en) | 2001-08-19 | 2017-04-18 | Smart Drilling And Completion, Inc. | Methods and apparatus to prevent failures of fiber-reinforced composite materials under compressive stresses caused by fluids and gases invading microfractures in the materials |
US8515677B1 (en) | 2002-08-15 | 2013-08-20 | Smart Drilling And Completion, Inc. | Methods and apparatus to prevent failures of fiber-reinforced composite materials under compressive stresses caused by fluids and gases invading microfractures in the materials |
JP2003078269A (en) * | 2001-09-04 | 2003-03-14 | Hitachi Ltd | Electronic apparatus |
GB0130625D0 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2002-02-06 | Oceaneering Internat Services | Fluid conduit |
CA2479961C (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2011-06-28 | Fiberspar Corporation | Systems and methods for pipeline rehabilitation |
US7740077B2 (en) * | 2002-05-16 | 2010-06-22 | Wagon Trail Ventures, Inc. | Downhole oilfield tubulars |
FR2840350B1 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2004-12-10 | Bouygues Offshore | MULTI-CATENARY TYPE SURFACE LINK SUBMARINE CONDUCT |
DE10239516A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-18 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Hose with pig for delivery of electrically conductive fluid paints or varnishes at high voltage comprises an inner layer enclosed in an insulating layer with high voltage resistance |
US6926037B2 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2005-08-09 | Wellstream International Limited | Collapse tolerant flexible pipe and method of manufacturing same |
CA2459507C (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2012-08-21 | Fiberspar Corporation | Tie-layer materials, articles, and methods for making and using same |
ATE336684T1 (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2006-09-15 | Omega Flex Inc | CONDUCTIVE POLYMER COAT FOR CORRUGATED PIPES |
US6986605B1 (en) | 2003-04-23 | 2006-01-17 | Exopack-Technology, Llc | Multiwall vented bag, vented bag forming apparatus, and associated methods |
JP2005172186A (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2005-06-30 | Kyodo Rubber Kogyo Kk | Flexible pipe joint |
EA200900035A1 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2009-04-28 | Е.И. Дюпон Де Немур Энд Компани | FACED TANKS FOR TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS |
PT1589270E (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2010-05-31 | Salver S P A | Multi-layer duct |
US7635238B2 (en) * | 2004-05-10 | 2009-12-22 | Piling Anti-Lift Systems | Device for preventing dock piling or structure piling uplift |
ES2222844B1 (en) * | 2004-05-24 | 2006-03-16 | Praesentis, S.L. | UMBILICAL FLEXIBLE TUBE FOR UNDERWATER ACTIVITIES. |
US20060000515A1 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2006-01-05 | Huffman Thomas R | Dredge flotation hose and system |
US7073978B2 (en) * | 2004-08-16 | 2006-07-11 | Deepflex, Inc. | Lightweight catenary system |
US20090133612A1 (en) * | 2005-01-03 | 2009-05-28 | Krzysztof Jan Wajnikonis | Dynamic motion suppression of riser, umbilical and jumper lines |
US7096814B1 (en) | 2005-01-04 | 2006-08-29 | Webb Douglas C | Variable buoyancy device |
US20060196568A1 (en) * | 2005-01-10 | 2006-09-07 | Leeser Daniel L | Flexible, compression resistant and highly insulating systems |
GB2434628B (en) * | 2005-01-14 | 2010-02-03 | Shell Int Research | System and method to install subsea pipelines |
GB0505207D0 (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2005-04-20 | Wellstream Int Ltd | Pipe fitting |
US7416025B2 (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2008-08-26 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | Subsea well communications apparatus and method using variable tension large offset risers |
US7544890B2 (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2009-06-09 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Insulated article and method of making same |
US20080011381A1 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2008-01-17 | Squires Stephen B | Protective and Thermal Insulative Barrier |
GB2435084A (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2007-08-15 | Crp Group Ltd | Cladding for elongate flexible member |
US8839822B2 (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2014-09-23 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Dual containment systems, methods and kits |
DE102006018466A1 (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2007-10-25 | Viega Gmbh & Co. Kg | Composite pipe with deformable layer |
US7790787B2 (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2010-09-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Aerogel/polymer composite materials |
GB2438210B (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2011-02-16 | Corus Uk Ltd | Insulation of pipe-in-pipe systems |
US7478654B2 (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2009-01-20 | Veyance Technologies, Inc. | Hose |
US7748466B2 (en) | 2006-09-14 | 2010-07-06 | Thrubit B.V. | Coiled tubing wellbore drilling and surveying using a through the drill bit apparatus |
US20080187698A1 (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2008-08-07 | Christopher Brown | Fabricated composite fuel tank |
US7549471B2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2009-06-23 | Thrubit, Llc | Deployment tool for well logging instruments conveyed through the interior of a pipe string |
EP2126439B1 (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2014-06-11 | National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S | A flexible pipe |
ATE486193T1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2010-11-15 | Shell Int Research | DRILL BIT ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD FOR PERFORMING A BOREHOLE OPERATION |
GB2448901A (en) * | 2007-05-02 | 2008-11-05 | Alderley Materials Ltd | Thermal Insulation Structure |
BRPI0811590A2 (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2017-05-02 | Shell Int Res Maartschappij B V | system and method of installing a structure on a body of water |
KR200446841Y1 (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2009-12-03 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Installation structure of Caisson for Ship |
GB2453920C (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2012-05-09 | Technip France | Method and assembly for anchoring an elongate subsea structure to a termination |
TWM328530U (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2008-03-11 | Ways Tech Corp Ltd | Composite structure of faucet |
FI20075556L (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2009-01-21 | Kwh Pipe Ab Oy | Method for weighting plastic pipes and weighted plastic pipes |
US8264532B2 (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2012-09-11 | Thrubit B.V. | Through-mill wellbore optical inspection and remediation apparatus and methodology |
GB0719215D0 (en) * | 2007-10-02 | 2007-11-14 | Wellstream Int Ltd | Thermal insulation of flexible pipes |
GB0720713D0 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2007-12-05 | Wellstream Int Ltd | Thermal insulation of flexible pipes |
US7570858B2 (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-08-04 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Optical fiber for pumping and method |
GB2458955B (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2011-05-18 | Schlumberger Holdings | Complex pipe monitoring |
US8316703B2 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2012-11-27 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Flexible coupling for well logging instruments |
US8262321B1 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2012-09-11 | Nasser Saebi | Methods of providing man-made islands |
EP2138751B1 (en) | 2008-06-28 | 2013-02-20 | Brugg Rohr AG, Holding | Method of manufacture of a flexible conduit pipe with thermal insulation |
GB2463697B (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2012-06-27 | Technip France | Method of locating a subsea structure for deployment |
WO2010106110A2 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-23 | Single Buoy Moorings Inc. | Improved composite hose and method for fabricating such a hose |
EP2253796A1 (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2010-11-24 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Method of protecting a flexible riser and an apparatus therefor |
AU2010284564A1 (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2012-04-19 | Titeflex Corporation | Energy dissipative tubes, sealing devices, and methods of fabricating and installing the same |
GB2473007B (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2012-11-21 | Messier Dowty Ltd | Apparatus comprising an end fitting connected to a body |
GB0922121D0 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2010-02-03 | Wellstream Int Ltd | Flexible pipe including thermal insulation |
DK179470B1 (en) * | 2010-01-25 | 2018-11-22 | DRS Sustainment Systems | Tubular workpiece with ballistic protection |
US20110210542A1 (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2011-09-01 | Makselon Christopher E | Connector for Spoolable Pipe |
US20120091144A1 (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2012-04-19 | Rolf Gerald Baumgartner | Flexible cryostat |
US8662111B2 (en) | 2010-05-24 | 2014-03-04 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Economical heavy concrete weight coating for submarine pipelines |
US8737725B2 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2014-05-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and system for learning based object detection in medical images |
FR2965235B1 (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2018-01-26 | Valeo Systemes D'essuyage | HEATING AND TRANSPORTING CONDUIT OF A WINDSCREEN ICE WIPER LIQUID WITH TWO RINSING RINSES, WIPING DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING |
CN101994485B (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2014-04-30 | 河北华宏广源橡塑有限公司 | Thermoplastic oil delivery pipeline system |
DE102010050477B3 (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-02-23 | Fachhochschule Kiel | Metal pipe for pillar for offshore wind turbine, has tubular pipe wall elements which are stuck together in parallel by using tubular fiber-reinforced plastic elements |
NO333655B1 (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2013-08-05 | Ziebel As | Rod suitable for a is fed into a deviation borehole, and method using the same |
CN103313819B (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2017-04-12 | 莱尼卡贝郝尔丁股份有限公司 | Apparatus for the automated feed of connecting elements to a processing unit and feed hose for the connecting elements |
AU2011100390B4 (en) * | 2011-04-10 | 2012-05-03 | Jayaram, Narsimhan Mr | Peristaltic pressure exchanger in reverse osmosis desalination |
GB201110569D0 (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2011-08-03 | Wellstream Int Ltd | Method and apparatus for maintaining a minimum temperature in a fluid |
US20130071593A1 (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-21 | Ronald MacNeill | Insulating member for covering a conduit in a clean room |
US9091124B2 (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2015-07-28 | Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc | Wear and buckling resistant drill pipe |
US9085942B2 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2015-07-21 | Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc | Repaired wear and buckle resistant drill pipe and related methods |
US20130140775A1 (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-06 | Vetco Gray Inc. | Seal With Bellows Type Nose Ring |
GB201122436D0 (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-02-08 | Wellstream Int Ltd | Flexible pipe body and method of manufacture |
US8997880B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 | 2015-04-07 | Wagon Trail Ventures, Inc. | Lined downhole oilfield tubulars |
US9321515B2 (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2016-04-26 | Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. | Fluid-based buoyancy compensation |
US20150028168A1 (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2015-01-29 | Cjs Production Technologies Inc. | Multi-Conduit Coiled Tubing Assembly |
CN102676141B (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2014-05-14 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Deformable plugging and anti-sloughing agent for drilling fluid |
DK2662524T3 (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2017-09-04 | Ge Oil & Gas Uk Ltd | Flexible tubular body with buoyancy element and method of manufacture thereof |
WO2014008123A1 (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-09 | Polyone Corporation | Low specific gravity thermoplastic compounds for neutral buoyancy underwater articles |
US8864415B1 (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2014-10-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Buoyancy shifting apparatus for underwater plow |
FI125209B (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2015-07-15 | Uponor Infra Oy | Procedure for weighting a tube and a weighted tube |
WO2014028444A2 (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2014-02-20 | Powdermet, Inc. | High temperature flow-line insulation |
WO2014105078A1 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-03 | Longyear Tm, Inc. | Engineered materials for drill rod applications |
US20140261847A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Sara Molina | Composite mandrel for an isolation tool |
US9705478B2 (en) | 2013-08-01 | 2017-07-11 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Weakly coupled tunable RF receiver architecture |
US9871499B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-01-16 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Multi-band impedance tuners using weakly-coupled LC resonators |
US9484879B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2016-11-01 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Nonlinear capacitance linearization |
US9859863B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-01-02 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | RF filter structure for antenna diversity and beam forming |
US9628045B2 (en) | 2013-08-01 | 2017-04-18 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Cooperative tunable RF filters |
US9685928B2 (en) | 2013-08-01 | 2017-06-20 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Interference rejection RF filters |
US9774311B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-09-26 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Filtering characteristic adjustments of weakly coupled tunable RF filters |
US9748905B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-08-29 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | RF replicator for accurate modulated amplitude and phase measurement |
US9825656B2 (en) | 2013-08-01 | 2017-11-21 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Weakly coupled tunable RF transmitter architecture |
US9899133B2 (en) | 2013-08-01 | 2018-02-20 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Advanced 3D inductor structures with confined magnetic field |
US9048836B2 (en) | 2013-08-01 | 2015-06-02 | RF Mirco Devices, Inc. | Body bias switching for an RF switch |
US9755671B2 (en) | 2013-08-01 | 2017-09-05 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | VSWR detector for a tunable filter structure |
US9780756B2 (en) | 2013-08-01 | 2017-10-03 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Calibration for a tunable RF filter structure |
US9444417B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-09-13 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Weakly coupled RF network based power amplifier architecture |
DE102013205616A1 (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-02 | Evonik Industries Ag | Multilayer pipe with polyamide layer |
CN103244758A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-08-14 | 武汉德威工程技术有限公司 | Directly-embedded energy-saving steam conveying method |
US9541225B2 (en) | 2013-05-09 | 2017-01-10 | Titeflex Corporation | Bushings, sealing devices, tubing, and methods of installing tubing |
US9780817B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2017-10-03 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | RX shunt switching element-based RF front-end circuit |
US9800282B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2017-10-24 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Passive voltage-gain network |
US9966981B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2018-05-08 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Passive acoustic resonator based RF receiver |
US9705542B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2017-07-11 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Reconfigurable RF filter |
US9606314B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2017-03-28 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Composite cable assembly with neutral buoyancy |
US9927263B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2018-03-27 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Intrusion detection system for an undersea environment |
US9885848B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2018-02-06 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Composite cable assembly with neutral buoyancy |
WO2015017013A1 (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2015-02-05 | Oceaneering International, Inc. | Extruded encapsulated fillers to provide crush protection |
CA2966116C (en) | 2013-08-12 | 2019-10-29 | Prinsco, Inc. | System and method of inspecting inner smooth wall of corrugated dual wall pipe |
RU2539043C1 (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-01-10 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова" (САФУ) | Method to install pipe canal under northern conditions |
GB201402264D0 (en) * | 2014-02-10 | 2014-03-26 | Wellstream Int Ltd | Composite |
WO2015164952A1 (en) * | 2014-05-01 | 2015-11-05 | Kavanaugh Gerry | Multilayer composite waste tube |
GB2527848B (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2016-09-28 | Subsea 7 Ltd | Towable subsea oil and gas production systems |
GB2551018B (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2021-01-27 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | Smart subsea pipeline with conduits |
US10443763B2 (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2019-10-15 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Smart subsea pipeline |
BR112017007242A2 (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2018-01-16 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | tubular transports and assemblies. |
US10197212B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2019-02-05 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Smart subsea pipeline |
CN104482328B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2017-01-25 | 上海海隆石油化工研究所 | Anticorrosion insulation multilayer system for deep-sea steel delivery pipes |
GB2535494B (en) * | 2015-02-18 | 2018-04-11 | Acergy France SAS | Lowering buoyant structures in water |
CN104676136A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-06-03 | 苏州洛特兰新材料科技有限公司 | Alloy wear-resistant ceramic steel tube |
WO2016145494A1 (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-09-22 | Vinidex Pty Limited | Bundled coils and bundled assemblies |
US9759354B2 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2017-09-12 | Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. | Pipe with an outer wrap |
US10077856B2 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2018-09-18 | Advanced Drainage Systems Inc. | Pipe with an outer wrap |
US10077857B2 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2018-09-18 | Advanced Drainage Systems Inc. | Pipe with an outer wrap |
US10796835B2 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2020-10-06 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Stacked laminate inductors for high module volume utilization and performance-cost-size-processing-time tradeoff |
WO2017062584A1 (en) * | 2015-10-06 | 2017-04-13 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Intrusion detection system for an undersea environment |
WO2017072362A1 (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2017-05-04 | Favuseal As | Fire protection for pipes |
EP3464974A1 (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2019-04-10 | Total SA | An offloading line and a method for installing an offloading line |
US11346205B2 (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2022-05-31 | Onesubsea Ip Uk Limited | Load and vibration monitoring on a flowline jumper |
US10132155B2 (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-11-20 | Onesubsea Ip Uk Limited | Instrumented subsea flowline jumper connector |
US11139238B2 (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2021-10-05 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | High Q factor inductor structure |
DE102017002902A1 (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-09-27 | Iprotex Gmbh & Co. Kg | Textile hose |
US10001616B1 (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2018-06-19 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Underwater fiber optic cable with a predetermined buoyancy and associated methods |
WO2019028500A1 (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2019-02-14 | Amog Technologies Pty Ltd | Sensor module for a marine buoyancy unit and a system and method for using the same |
DE102018109210B4 (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2020-10-08 | German Pipe Industrie- und Fernwärmetechnik GmbH | Thermally insulated pipe and process for its manufacture |
EP3797581A4 (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2022-02-23 | Positec Power Tools (Suzhou) Co., Ltd | Irrigation system and control method therefor, irrigation apparatus, and delivery tube |
US11712872B2 (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2023-08-01 | The Boeing Company | Sound absorbing duct with foam-filled honeycomb core for environmental control system |
WO2020227057A1 (en) * | 2019-05-03 | 2020-11-12 | Specialty Rpt, Inc | Jacketed polymeric pipe with integrated weight |
EP3753725A1 (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2020-12-23 | Spyra Primo Poland Sp. z o.o. | A multilayer pipe |
CN113119532A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-16 | 泗阳联欣塑业有限公司 | High-strength modified plastic composite pipe and manufacturing process thereof |
US11885207B2 (en) | 2020-01-17 | 2024-01-30 | Cameron International Corporation | Fracturing fluid delivery systems with sacrificial liners or sleeves |
DE102020104780A1 (en) | 2020-02-24 | 2021-08-26 | Tdc International Ag | Sheathed pipe with sensors for measuring environmental parameters |
EP3936749B1 (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2024-04-17 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Method for installing a gas transportation arrangement |
US10982797B1 (en) | 2020-07-16 | 2021-04-20 | Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC | Multiple tubing annuli pipeline systems and methods |
CN111795260B (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2021-07-27 | 中海油安全技术服务有限公司 | LNG pipeline aerogel cold insulation construction method |
JP7501208B2 (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2024-06-18 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | Distribution Pipe |
CN112594456B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-12-07 | 南通亚龙消防器材有限公司 | Fire hose with explosion-proof high pressure resistant type lining |
US11466545B2 (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-10-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Guide sub for multilateral junction |
CN113431961B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-09-13 | 山东中迈管业科技有限公司 | Double-wall HDPE corrugated pipe with inner support reinforced framework |
US11634962B1 (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2023-04-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Carbon-swellable sealing element |
US11994241B2 (en) | 2021-12-02 | 2024-05-28 | Omega Flex, Inc. | Arc resistant corrugated tubing system with protective jacket and fitting |
AT17850U1 (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2023-05-15 | Hallingplast As | Tube and method of adjusting the weight of a tube |
CN115069870B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2023-04-07 | 大连理工大学 | Forming method of NiAl alloy pipe fitting with micro-channel |
EP4439886A1 (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-10-02 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Underwater electrical connection arrangement for a floating offshore structure, floating offshore structure and method for installation of an underwater electrical connection arrangement to a floating offshore structure |
Citations (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4402346A (en) * | 1978-03-14 | 1983-09-06 | Dunlop Limited | Crude oil pipe having layers of graduated permeability to hydrogen sulfide |
US4567916A (en) * | 1981-09-03 | 1986-02-04 | Taurus Gumiipari Vallalat | High pressure hose suitable for conveying gases and gas-containing fluids |
US4700751A (en) * | 1984-11-01 | 1987-10-20 | Fedrick Ronald M | Insulated pipe apparatus |
US4942903A (en) * | 1987-01-29 | 1990-07-24 | Eb Norsk Kabel A.S | Fire and corrosion protected hose |
US5469916A (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-11-28 | Conoco Inc. | System for depth measurement in a wellbore using composite coiled tubing |
US5622211A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1997-04-22 | Quality Tubing, Inc. | Preperforated coiled tubing |
US5908049A (en) * | 1990-03-15 | 1999-06-01 | Fiber Spar And Tube Corporation | Spoolable composite tubular member with energy conductors |
US5921285A (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 1999-07-13 | Fiberspar Spoolable Products, Inc. | Composite spoolable tube |
US6016845A (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 2000-01-25 | Fiber Spar And Tube Corporation | Composite spoolable tube |
US6032699A (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 2000-03-07 | Furon Company | Fluid delivery pipe with leak detection |
US6220079B1 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2001-04-24 | Safety Liner Systems, L.L.C. | Annular fluid manipulation in lined tubular systems |
US6334466B1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2002-01-01 | The Gates Corporation | Abrasion-resistant material handling hose |
US20020185188A1 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-12-12 | Quigley Peter A. | Composite tubing |
US6634388B1 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2003-10-21 | Safetyliner Systems, Llc | Annular fluid manipulation in lined tubular systems |
US6634387B1 (en) * | 1998-09-24 | 2003-10-21 | Nkt Flexibles A/S | Reinforced flexible tubular pipe with conveying back of leak fluid |
US20040025951A1 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2004-02-12 | Baron John Joseph | Lined pipe wherein the liner comprises a one-way valve |
US20040074551A1 (en) * | 2000-10-14 | 2004-04-22 | Mcintyre Stuart | Lined pipeline vent |
US6978804B2 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2005-12-27 | Fiberspar Corporation | Systems and methods for pipeline rehabilitation |
US7285333B2 (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2007-10-23 | Fiberspar Corporation | Tie-layer materials, articles and methods for making and using same |
Family Cites Families (306)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US87993A (en) * | 1869-03-16 | weston | ||
US396176A (en) * | 1889-01-15 | Vania | ||
US482181A (en) | 1892-09-06 | Electric connector for hose | ||
US418906A (en) * | 1890-01-07 | Hose-coupling | ||
US749633A (en) * | 1904-01-12 | Electrical hose signaling apparatus | ||
US2742931A (en) * | 1956-04-24 | De ganahl | ||
US646887A (en) | 1899-11-15 | 1900-04-03 | Benjamin L Stowe | Electric signaling device for hydraulic hose. |
US700064A (en) * | 1902-02-08 | 1902-05-13 | John Morrow | Steam-engine. |
US1234812A (en) | 1916-05-23 | 1917-07-31 | James F Simmons | Hose-coupling. |
US1793455A (en) * | 1928-02-20 | 1931-02-24 | Thomas & Betts Corp | Pipe coupler |
US1930285A (en) | 1929-05-27 | 1933-10-10 | Roy H Robinson | Built up metal tube, frame and skeletonized metal member of high strength weight, and method of forming same |
US1890290A (en) | 1932-02-26 | 1932-12-06 | William T Owens | Fire hose coupling |
GB553110A (en) | 1941-12-15 | 1943-05-07 | Automotive Prod Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to flexible hose for conveying fluid at high pressures |
FR989204A (en) | 1944-02-15 | 1951-09-06 | Merlin Gerin | Improvements to devices for connecting tubular conduits and to clamping and compression systems applicable in particular to these devices |
US2481001A (en) | 1945-01-01 | 1949-09-06 | Aeroquip Corp | Coupling for flexible hose |
US2464416A (en) * | 1946-04-20 | 1949-03-15 | Weatherhead Co | Hose end assembly |
US2467520A (en) * | 1946-10-12 | 1949-04-19 | Akron Brass Mfg Company Inc | Reattachable gasoline hose coupling |
US2725713A (en) | 1948-04-06 | 1955-12-06 | Schlumberger Well Surv Corp | Cable construction |
US2648720A (en) * | 1948-11-18 | 1953-08-11 | Surprenant Mfg Co | Open wire transmission line |
US2690769A (en) | 1950-03-29 | 1954-10-05 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Laminated structure |
US2747616A (en) * | 1951-07-07 | 1956-05-29 | Ganahl Carl De | Pipe structure |
US2750569A (en) * | 1952-01-08 | 1956-06-12 | Signal Oil & Gas Co | Irreversible tool joint and electrical coupling for use in wells |
US2624366A (en) * | 1952-07-22 | 1953-01-06 | William J Pugh | Plural hose |
US2810424A (en) | 1953-03-20 | 1957-10-22 | Aetna Standard Eng Co | Method and apparatus for making reinforced plastic tubing |
GB809097A (en) | 1956-03-29 | 1959-02-18 | Resistoflex Corp | Quick-attachable reusable hose end fitting |
US2973975A (en) * | 1957-10-31 | 1961-03-07 | Titeflex Inc | Reusable fitting for braid-covered hose |
US2991093A (en) | 1959-02-25 | 1961-07-04 | Titeflex Inc | Hose with self gasketing feature |
US3085438A (en) | 1959-09-29 | 1963-04-16 | Resistoflex Corp | Dip pipe assembly |
US3086369A (en) * | 1961-10-02 | 1963-04-23 | Aluminum Co Of America | Underwater pipe line and method |
GB956500A (en) | 1961-12-05 | 1964-04-29 | Wade Couplings Ltd | Improvements relating to pipe couplings |
US3190315A (en) * | 1962-09-10 | 1965-06-22 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Hose |
US3170137A (en) * | 1962-07-12 | 1965-02-16 | California Research Corp | Method of improving electrical signal transmission in wells |
US3116760A (en) | 1962-08-30 | 1964-01-07 | Moore & Co Samuel | Composite tubing |
US3277231A (en) | 1964-01-17 | 1966-10-04 | Electrolux Corp | Conductor-carrying flexible conduit |
US3379220A (en) | 1964-03-21 | 1968-04-23 | Kiuchi Atsushi | High bending strength tubular members of fiber reinforced plastics |
US3334663A (en) | 1964-04-06 | 1967-08-08 | John D Drinko | Method and articles for splicing plastic pipe |
US3522413A (en) | 1964-07-01 | 1970-08-04 | Moore & Co Samuel | Composite electrically heated tubing product |
US3413169A (en) | 1964-08-13 | 1968-11-26 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Method of making a hose combination of a plastic liner and a fibrous sheath |
US3306637A (en) * | 1964-09-04 | 1967-02-28 | Resistoflex Corp | Reuseable hose end fitting |
US3390704A (en) * | 1964-11-19 | 1968-07-02 | Du Pont | Polyolefin fluid conduit laminates |
AT265771B (en) | 1964-11-21 | 1968-10-25 | Giuseppe Feliciani | Pipe coupling |
US3563825A (en) * | 1965-01-26 | 1971-02-16 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Method for insulating pipelines wherein more insulating material is above the center line of the pipe than below the center line |
US3354992A (en) | 1965-08-23 | 1967-11-28 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Spot-type disc brake with dust cover |
US3459229A (en) | 1966-06-15 | 1969-08-05 | New England Realty Co | Pressure testing apparatus |
US3507412A (en) * | 1966-09-02 | 1970-04-21 | Ciba Geigy Corp | Device for advancing and rotating pipe |
US3933180A (en) | 1966-09-02 | 1976-01-20 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Methods and apparatus for making fiber reinforced plastic pipe |
US3956051A (en) | 1966-09-02 | 1976-05-11 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Apparatus for making fiber reinforced plastic pipe |
DE1959738U (en) | 1967-01-18 | 1967-05-03 | Mecano Simmonds Gmbh | ARRANGEMENT FOR FASTENING A GUIDE PIECE ON A CLAMP. |
US3477474A (en) | 1967-03-22 | 1969-11-11 | American Chain & Cable Co | Wire reinforced conduit |
US3740285A (en) * | 1968-03-01 | 1973-06-19 | W Goldsworthy | Method and apparatus for filament winding about three axes of a mandrel and products produced thereby |
US3701489A (en) | 1968-03-01 | 1972-10-31 | William D Goldsworthy | Apparatus for winding filament about three axes of a mandrel |
US3738637A (en) | 1968-03-01 | 1973-06-12 | Goldsworthy Eng Inc | Method and apparatus for filament winding about three axes of a mandrel and products produced thereby |
GB1263464A (en) * | 1968-03-15 | 1972-02-09 | Hudswell Yates Dev Ltd | Improvements relating to the trenchless laying of underground pipes |
US3769127A (en) | 1968-04-23 | 1973-10-30 | Goldsworthy Eng Inc | Method and apparatus for producing filament reinforced tubular products on a continuous basis |
US3579402A (en) | 1968-04-23 | 1971-05-18 | Goldsworthy Eng Inc | Method and apparatus for producing filament reinforced tubular products on a continuous basis |
GB1281904A (en) | 1968-10-23 | 1972-07-19 | Giordano Prosdocimo | A gripping union for connection to flexible tubes of various diameters and wall thickness |
US3554284A (en) * | 1969-05-02 | 1971-01-12 | Schlumberger Technology Corp | Methods for facilitating the descent of well tools through deviated well bores |
US3700519A (en) | 1969-05-13 | 1972-10-24 | Ciba Geigy Corp | Methods of forming a fiber reinforced pipe on an inflatable mandrel |
US3898918A (en) * | 1969-05-13 | 1975-08-12 | Carter Warne Jun | Device for temporarily providing a seal within an advancing pipe |
US3606402A (en) | 1969-07-02 | 1971-09-20 | Fiberglass Resources Corp | Locking means for adjacent pipe sections |
US3589752A (en) * | 1969-07-28 | 1971-06-29 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Mechanical joined hose coupling of extruded components |
GB1297250A (en) | 1969-12-05 | 1972-11-22 | ||
GB1356791A (en) * | 1970-01-26 | 1974-06-12 | Dunlop Holdings Ltd | Hose pipes |
US3604461A (en) | 1970-04-20 | 1971-09-14 | Moore & Co Samuel | Composite tubing |
IT983101B (en) * | 1971-02-12 | 1974-10-31 | Pirelli | FLOATING SLEEVE FOR FLEXIBLE HOSES AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS MANUFACTURING |
US3696332A (en) | 1970-05-25 | 1972-10-03 | Shell Oil Co | Telemetering drill string with self-cleaning connectors |
CH539105A (en) * | 1970-07-24 | 1973-07-15 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Process for the production of azo dyes |
US3692601A (en) | 1970-07-27 | 1972-09-19 | Goldworthy Eng Inc | Method for making a storage tank by applying continuous filaments to the interior surface of a rotating mold |
US3783060A (en) | 1970-07-27 | 1974-01-01 | Goldsworthy Eng Inc | Method and apparatus for making filament reinforced storage vessels |
US3957410A (en) * | 1972-04-14 | 1976-05-18 | Goldsworthy Engineering, Inc. | Means for centrifugally casting a plastic tubular member |
US3728187A (en) * | 1970-10-26 | 1973-04-17 | A Martin | Method of applying alternate layers of plastic foam and glass fibers to a metal tube |
US3685860A (en) | 1971-01-05 | 1972-08-22 | Weatherhead Co | Hose coupling |
US3744016A (en) | 1971-01-11 | 1973-07-03 | Schlumberger Technology Corp | Foam seismic streamer |
US3730229A (en) * | 1971-03-11 | 1973-05-01 | Turbotec Inc | Tubing unit with helically corrugated tube and method for making same |
US3734421A (en) * | 1971-04-12 | 1973-05-22 | Goldsworthy Eng Inc | Multiple ratio selector system |
GB1400003A (en) | 1971-04-21 | 1975-07-16 | Dunlop Ltd | Flexible reinforcing structures |
US3677978A (en) | 1971-08-23 | 1972-07-18 | Ppg Industries Inc | Metal salt complexes of imidazoles as curing agents for one-part epoxy resins |
US3776805A (en) | 1971-09-07 | 1973-12-04 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Solar control products |
US3823112A (en) * | 1972-01-10 | 1974-07-09 | Ferro Corp | Light stabilized polymer compositions and benzotriazole stabilizers |
US3856052A (en) | 1972-07-31 | 1974-12-24 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Hose structure |
US3814138A (en) * | 1972-10-18 | 1974-06-04 | Weatherhead Co | Hose construction |
US3955601A (en) * | 1972-11-29 | 1976-05-11 | Moore Business Forms, Inc. | Heat insulating jacket for a conduit equipped with self-locking seam |
US3901281A (en) * | 1972-12-27 | 1975-08-26 | Us Air Force | Aircraft fuel line |
US3860040A (en) * | 1973-03-07 | 1975-01-14 | Parker Hannifin Corp | Hose construction |
US3828112A (en) | 1973-03-14 | 1974-08-06 | Moore & Co Samuel | Composite hose for conductive fluid |
US3860742A (en) | 1973-04-04 | 1975-01-14 | Jonas Medney | Connection of plastic pipes with ground wires embedded therein |
US3980325A (en) | 1973-04-12 | 1976-09-14 | Duane D. Robertson | Fitting for flexible plastic pipe |
US4053343A (en) | 1973-05-10 | 1977-10-11 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Methods of making fiber reinforced plastic pipe |
US4013101A (en) * | 1974-03-18 | 1977-03-22 | Dayco Corporation | Hose construction |
DE7417030U (en) * | 1974-05-15 | 1974-10-03 | Kabel Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag | FLEXIBLE PIPE FOR CONVEYING LIQUID OR GAS MEDIA |
US3907335A (en) | 1974-06-03 | 1975-09-23 | Parker Hannifin Corp | Tube coupling |
US4048807A (en) * | 1975-01-29 | 1977-09-20 | Bechtel International Corporation | Methods for emplacing and maintaining transmission lines |
US3960629A (en) * | 1975-01-31 | 1976-06-01 | William Brandt Goldsworthy | Method for inductive heat curing of conductive fiber stock |
US4057610A (en) | 1975-07-25 | 1977-11-08 | Monsanto Company | Hose reinforced with discontinuous fibers oriented in the radial direction |
US4303457A (en) | 1975-10-06 | 1981-12-01 | Eaton Corporation | Method of making a semi-conductive paint hose |
SE7600738L (en) | 1976-01-26 | 1977-07-27 | Electrolux Ab | VACUUM HOSE |
US4032177A (en) * | 1976-03-18 | 1977-06-28 | Anderson David N | Compression fitting with tubing reinforcing insert |
US4125423A (en) | 1976-05-17 | 1978-11-14 | Goldsworthy Engineering, Inc. | Reinforced plastic tapered rod products and the method and apparatus for producing same |
CH609135A5 (en) * | 1976-07-02 | 1979-02-15 | Hobas Eng Ag | |
US4111469A (en) | 1976-12-23 | 1978-09-05 | Samuel Moore And Company | Hydraulic hose and coupling assembly |
FR2383385A1 (en) | 1977-03-09 | 1978-10-06 | Legris France Sa | IMPROVED QUICK COUPLINGS FOR FLEXIBLE HOSES REINFORCED MULTI-LAYER FOR FLUIDS |
US4137949A (en) * | 1977-05-11 | 1979-02-06 | General Electric Company | Method of making a fire retardant conduit |
US4095865A (en) * | 1977-05-23 | 1978-06-20 | Shell Oil Company | Telemetering drill string with piped electrical conductor |
US4108701A (en) | 1977-06-01 | 1978-08-22 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Method for making hose incorporating an embedded static ground conductor |
US4114393A (en) * | 1977-06-20 | 1978-09-19 | Union Oil Company Of California | Lateral support members for a tension leg platform |
US4273160A (en) * | 1977-09-12 | 1981-06-16 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | High pressure hose |
US4190088A (en) | 1978-03-08 | 1980-02-26 | Titeflex Corporation | Chafe or fire sleeve for hose |
GB1571677A (en) | 1978-04-07 | 1980-07-16 | Shell Int Research | Pipe section for use in a borehole |
US4627472A (en) | 1978-07-31 | 1986-12-09 | Monsanton Company | Hose reinforced with discontinuous fibers oriented in the radial direction |
US4200126A (en) | 1978-08-07 | 1980-04-29 | Plas/Steel Products, Inc. | Plastic composite tubular element containing a sleeve of braided metallic ribbons |
DE2841934A1 (en) * | 1978-09-27 | 1980-04-17 | Kabel Metallwerke Ghh | HEAT-INSULATED PIPE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
US4226446A (en) | 1978-11-20 | 1980-10-07 | Dana Corporation | Hose coupling |
US4241763A (en) | 1979-01-11 | 1980-12-30 | Taurus Gumiipari Vallalat | Rubber hose with spiral fiber reinforcing core |
US4261390A (en) * | 1979-03-06 | 1981-04-14 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Hose construction |
US4343333A (en) | 1979-08-27 | 1982-08-10 | Eaton Corporation | Fatigue resistant high pressure hose |
US4308999A (en) * | 1979-08-30 | 1982-01-05 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Method and apparatus for longitudinally reinforcing continuously generated plastic pipe |
US4446892A (en) | 1979-09-05 | 1984-05-08 | Maxwell Ag | Method and apparatus for monitoring lengths of hose |
CA1136545A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1982-11-30 | Neville E. Hale | Buoyancy system for large scale underwater risers |
US4248062A (en) * | 1979-10-05 | 1981-02-03 | Shakespeare Company | Drive shaft assembly and method for making same |
US4351364A (en) | 1979-11-05 | 1982-09-28 | Dunlop Limited | Steel reinforced pipe |
US4522235A (en) | 1980-01-10 | 1985-06-11 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Hose structure |
FR2475185A1 (en) * | 1980-02-06 | 1981-08-07 | Technigaz | FLEXIBLE CALORIFYING PIPE FOR PARTICULARLY CRYOGENIC FLUIDS |
US4306591A (en) | 1980-03-03 | 1981-12-22 | The Gates Rubber Company | Hose with improved resistance to deformation, and method |
US4336415A (en) | 1980-05-16 | 1982-06-22 | Walling John B | Flexible production tubing |
DE3121241C2 (en) | 1980-05-28 | 1984-07-19 | Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc., Tokio/Tokyo | Method of manufacturing a composite plastic pipe from thermoplastic resin |
US4447378A (en) * | 1981-03-23 | 1984-05-08 | The Gates Rubber Company | Method of producing a composite foam wire reinforced hose |
US4380252A (en) * | 1981-03-23 | 1983-04-19 | The Gates Rubber Company | Wire reinforced hose and method |
DE3272253D1 (en) * | 1981-04-07 | 1986-09-04 | Erik Brandtzaeg Meyer | Weight coated subsea pipe line section |
DE3131690C2 (en) | 1981-08-11 | 1984-12-13 | Armaturenfabrik Hermann Voss GmbH + Co, 5272 Wipperfürth | Plug-in fitting for quick and detachable connection for plastic pipelines |
US4421806A (en) | 1981-08-13 | 1983-12-20 | Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. | Low density resin systems for improved filament-wound composites useful as rocket motor cases |
US4445734A (en) * | 1981-12-04 | 1984-05-01 | Hughes Tool Company | Telemetry drill pipe with pressure sensitive contacts |
US4463779A (en) * | 1982-03-05 | 1984-08-07 | The Gates Rubber Company | Formable, shape retentive hose |
US4530379A (en) * | 1982-04-27 | 1985-07-23 | Hercules Incorporated | Filament wound interlaminate tubular attachment |
US4729106A (en) * | 1982-07-06 | 1988-03-01 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Fluid distribution to multiple users through distributed intelligence sub-centers |
US4578675A (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1986-03-25 | Macleod Laboratories, Inc. | Apparatus and method for logging wells while drilling |
US4488577A (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1984-12-18 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Fire resistant hose |
US4507019A (en) * | 1983-02-22 | 1985-03-26 | Expand-A-Line, Incorporated | Method and apparatus for replacing buried pipe |
FR2546473B1 (en) * | 1983-05-24 | 1987-12-11 | Verre Tisse Sa | TUBULAR MATERIAL BASED ON A RESIN REINFORCED BY A TEXTILE MATERIAL AND FRAME OF A BICYCLE OR SIMILAR VEHICLE MADE FROM SUCH A MATERIAL |
US4522058A (en) * | 1983-06-15 | 1985-06-11 | Mks Instruments, Inc. | Laminar-flow channeling in thermal flowmeters and the like |
US4556340A (en) | 1983-08-15 | 1985-12-03 | Conoco Inc. | Method and apparatus for production of subsea hydrocarbons using a floating vessel |
US4728224A (en) | 1984-07-16 | 1988-03-01 | Conoco Inc. | Aramid composite well riser for deep water offshore structures |
HU202782B (en) * | 1984-09-12 | 1991-04-29 | Muanyagipari Kutato Intezet | Flexible technical hose of foam insert and method for producing same |
CH664812A5 (en) | 1985-05-31 | 1988-03-31 | Pabreco Sa | CONNECTION FOR DEFORMABLE TUBES. |
EP0225901B1 (en) * | 1985-06-11 | 1989-12-20 | Institut Français du Pétrole | Conduit usable particularly for transporting fluids and enabling to limit the permeability to transported fluids |
US4758455A (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1988-07-19 | Handy & Harman Automotive Group Inc. | Composite fuel and vapor tube having increased heat resistance |
DE3671655D1 (en) * | 1985-08-15 | 1990-07-05 | Tate Pipe Lining Processes Ltd | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR LINING TUBES. |
DE3603597A1 (en) | 1986-02-06 | 1987-08-13 | Herbert Zickermann | Process for repairing or lining pipes with the aid of an inliner |
NO860408L (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1987-08-07 | Norsk Hydro As | INSULATION AND WEIGHTING FOR UNDERWATER PIPES AND PROCEDURES FOR PREPARING THE SAME. |
US4901719A (en) | 1986-04-08 | 1990-02-20 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Electrosurgical conductive gas stream equipment |
GB8614767D0 (en) * | 1986-06-17 | 1986-07-23 | Bicc Plc | Optic cable manufacture |
US4681169A (en) | 1986-07-02 | 1987-07-21 | Trw, Inc. | Apparatus and method for supplying electric power to cable suspended submergible pumps |
FR2604947B1 (en) | 1986-10-09 | 1989-07-21 | Cretel Jacques | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE TUBES FOR THE TRANSPORT OF VARIOUS FLUIDS AND TUBE OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS |
DE3780400D1 (en) * | 1986-10-15 | 1992-08-20 | Rudolf Harmstorf | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INSERTING A ROPE-LIKE ELEMENT IN A CABLE TUBE PIPE. |
US4712813A (en) | 1986-10-28 | 1987-12-15 | Perfection Corporation | Coupling apparatus |
US4849668A (en) | 1987-05-19 | 1989-07-18 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Embedded piezoelectric structure and control |
US4972880A (en) | 1987-06-15 | 1990-11-27 | Insta-Pipe Research Limited Partnership | Pipe liner |
US4842024A (en) * | 1987-07-21 | 1989-06-27 | Harvard Industries, Inc. | Composite hose for conveying refrigerant fluids in automotive air-conditioned systems |
FR2619193B1 (en) * | 1987-08-03 | 1989-11-24 | Coflexip | FLEXIBLE TUBULAR CONDUITS LENGTH STABLE UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE |
US5248719A (en) * | 1987-09-26 | 1993-09-28 | Huels Aktiengesellschaft | Solid coating composition for textile floor coverings |
JPH0692121B2 (en) | 1987-10-05 | 1994-11-16 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | Pipe liner and manufacturing method thereof |
US5048572A (en) | 1987-10-15 | 1991-09-17 | Essex Group, Inc. | Vibration damping heat shrinkable tubing |
US4844516A (en) | 1988-02-05 | 1989-07-04 | Otis Engineering Corporation | Connector for coil tubing or the like |
FR2628177B1 (en) | 1988-03-02 | 1990-06-08 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | TUBE COMPRISING COMPOSITE LAYERS WITH DIFFERENT ELASTICITY MODULES |
US4859024A (en) | 1988-03-10 | 1989-08-22 | Pirelli Cable Corporation | Optical fiber cable with tampering detecting means |
US4913657A (en) * | 1988-04-15 | 1990-04-03 | Teikoku Sen-I Co., Ltd. | Coupling for fire hose with built-in communication cable |
FR2631708B1 (en) | 1988-05-20 | 1990-09-28 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | DEVICE FOR PERFORMING MEASUREMENTS OR INTERVENTIONS IN A WELL, METHOD USING THE DEVICE AND APPLICATIONS OF THE DEVICE |
JP2677291B2 (en) * | 1988-09-14 | 1997-11-17 | ブリヂストンフローテック株式会社 | Pipe fittings |
US4992787A (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1991-02-12 | Teleco Oilfield Services Inc. | Method and apparatus for remote signal entry into measurement while drilling system |
US4936618A (en) * | 1989-03-27 | 1990-06-26 | Dowell Schlumberger Incorporated | Grapple connection for coiled tubing |
USRE35081E (en) | 1989-06-15 | 1995-11-07 | Fiberspar, Inc. | Composite structural member with high bending strength |
US5188872A (en) * | 1989-06-15 | 1993-02-23 | Fiberspar, Inc. | Composite structural member with high bending strength |
US5265648A (en) | 1989-08-07 | 1993-11-30 | Great Lakes And Southern Research Limited Prtnshp. | Pipe liner and method of installation thereof |
US4995761A (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1991-02-26 | Barton Kenneth S | Method and apparatus for repairing ruptures in underground conduits |
IT218830Z2 (en) | 1989-11-10 | 1992-11-05 | Cazzaniga | REMOVABLE CONNECTION FITTING FOR PIPES WITH AXIAL RETAINING RING |
GB8926610D0 (en) * | 1989-11-24 | 1990-01-17 | Framo Dev Ltd | Pipe system with electrical conductors |
US5395913A (en) * | 1990-03-09 | 1995-03-07 | Rutgerswerke Ag | Polymerizable epoxide mixtures and process using Lewis base complexes |
US5176180A (en) | 1990-03-15 | 1993-01-05 | Conoco Inc. | Composite tubular member with axial fibers adjacent the side walls |
US5172765A (en) | 1990-03-15 | 1992-12-22 | Conoco Inc. | Method using spoolable composite tubular member with energy conductors |
US5209136A (en) | 1990-03-15 | 1993-05-11 | Conoco Inc. | Composite rod-stiffened pressurized cable |
US5097870A (en) | 1990-03-15 | 1992-03-24 | Conoco Inc. | Composite tubular member with multiple cells |
US5330807A (en) | 1990-03-15 | 1994-07-19 | Conoco Inc. | Composite tubing with low coefficient of expansion for use in marine production riser systems |
US5182779A (en) | 1990-04-05 | 1993-01-26 | Ltv Aerospace And Defense Company | Device, system and process for detecting tensile loads on a rope having an optical fiber incorporated therein |
FR2662229B1 (en) | 1990-05-17 | 1992-07-31 | Coflexip | FLEXIBLE TUBULAR DUCT HAVING INCORPORATED HEATING MEANS. |
US5072622A (en) | 1990-06-04 | 1991-12-17 | Roach Max J | Pipeline monitoring and leak containment system and apparatus therefor |
DE4030323A1 (en) | 1990-09-25 | 1992-03-26 | Daniel Knipping | PIPE PRESSURE COUPLING |
DE4040400A1 (en) * | 1990-12-17 | 1992-08-13 | Aei Ges Fuer Automatik Elektro | Double skinned plastics thermally insulated pipeline for hot water heating system - is made from recycled plastics waste with spacers and inner linear |
DE4106378A1 (en) | 1991-02-28 | 1992-09-10 | Hewing Gmbh | CONNECTING DEVICE FOR PLASTIC PIPES AND METHOD FOR CONNECTING A PLASTIC PIPE |
IT221693Z2 (en) | 1991-03-13 | 1994-09-13 | Romanelli Antonio | PERFECTED SCREW CONNECTION JOINT |
US5261462A (en) | 1991-03-14 | 1993-11-16 | Donald H. Wolfe | Flexible tubular structure |
US5146982A (en) | 1991-03-28 | 1992-09-15 | Camco International Inc. | Coil tubing electrical cable for well pumping system |
US5419188A (en) | 1991-05-20 | 1995-05-30 | Otis Engineering Corporation | Reeled tubing support for downhole equipment module |
US5485745A (en) | 1991-05-20 | 1996-01-23 | Halliburton Company | Modular downhole inspection system for coiled tubing |
US5755266A (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1998-05-26 | Compipe A/S | Laminated pipe for offshore oil production, including sequential layers of reinforcing fibers and fiber mat in cured matrix of plastic resin, on thermoplastic liner tube |
CA2069155C (en) | 1991-06-03 | 1997-02-04 | Joseph L. Gargiulo | Method and apparatus for installing a pipe liner |
US5156206A (en) | 1991-06-27 | 1992-10-20 | Otis Engineering Corporation | Tubing connector |
US5170011A (en) | 1991-09-25 | 1992-12-08 | Teleflex Incorporated | Hose assembly |
ES2113405T3 (en) | 1991-10-08 | 1998-05-01 | Renza Bosco | CONNECTOR FOR WATERTIGHT UNION TO FLUIDS FROM SMOOTH PIPES TO THREADED COUPLING ELEMENTS. |
ES2108761T3 (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1998-01-01 | Kauffman Theresa M | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING STORAGE TANKS WITH MULTIPLE WALLS AND PRODUCTS SO OBTAINED. |
FR2683260B1 (en) * | 1991-11-05 | 1995-10-20 | Aerospatiale | TUBE OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR DRILLING AND / OR TRANSPORT OF LIQUID OR GASEOUS PRODUCTS, PARTICULARLY FOR OIL EXPLOITATION AT SEA AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A TUBE. |
WO1993009370A1 (en) * | 1991-11-05 | 1993-05-13 | Markel Corporation | Fuel system conduit and method of making same |
US5286558A (en) * | 1992-01-08 | 1994-02-15 | Goshikaisha Seo Seigakusho | Mat for frame |
US5222769A (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1993-06-29 | Kaempen Charles E | Double-wall composite pipe and coupling structure assembly |
US5494374A (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1996-02-27 | Youngs; Andrew | Secondary containment flexible underground piping system |
AU3968993A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1993-11-08 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Thermoplastic syntactic foam pipe insulation |
DE4214383C2 (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1996-08-14 | Inventa Ag | Coextruded multilayer polymer tube |
JPH05338015A (en) | 1992-06-10 | 1993-12-21 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Hollow resin molded article |
US5351752A (en) | 1992-06-30 | 1994-10-04 | Exoko, Incorporated (Wood) | Artificial lifting system |
US5285204A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-02-08 | Conoco Inc. | Coil tubing string and downhole generator |
FR2694681B1 (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1994-11-04 | Salomon Sa | Alpine ski boot. |
US5795102A (en) * | 1992-08-12 | 1998-08-18 | Corbishley; Terrence Jeffrey | Marine and submarine apparatus |
US5398729A (en) * | 1992-08-25 | 1995-03-21 | Cooper Tire & Rubber Company | Low permeation fuel hose |
US5416724A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1995-05-16 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Detection of leaks in pipelines |
US5343738A (en) | 1992-10-16 | 1994-09-06 | Furon Company | Double walled containment fuel transfer hose |
JP3310031B2 (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 2002-07-29 | テルモ株式会社 | Catheter tube |
EP0612953A1 (en) | 1993-02-22 | 1994-08-31 | Streng Plastic AG | Connector for tubular plastic parts |
US5348096A (en) | 1993-04-29 | 1994-09-20 | Conoco Inc. | Anisotropic composite tubular emplacement |
JP3393889B2 (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 2003-04-07 | 柳川精工株式会社 | Manufacturing method of non-lubricated bearing and non-lubricated bearing |
GB9312315D0 (en) * | 1993-06-15 | 1993-07-28 | Poston Robin | Leukocyte adhesion assay |
US5400602A (en) * | 1993-07-08 | 1995-03-28 | Cryomedical Sciences, Inc. | Cryogenic transport hose |
US5348088A (en) | 1993-07-13 | 1994-09-20 | Camco International Inc. | Coiled tubing external connector with packing element |
US5426297A (en) * | 1993-09-27 | 1995-06-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Multiplexed Bragg grating sensors |
US5394488A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1995-02-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Optical fiber grating based sensor |
US5546992A (en) | 1994-01-18 | 1996-08-20 | Insituform (Netherlands) B.V. | Dual containment pipe rehabilitation system |
NL9400517A (en) | 1994-03-31 | 1995-11-01 | Allseas Eng Bv | Method and device for laying a pipeline on an underwater ground. |
CA2122957C (en) | 1994-05-05 | 1999-01-19 | Donald Alexander Smith | Coiled tubing connector |
US5452923A (en) | 1994-06-28 | 1995-09-26 | Canadian Fracmaster Ltd. | Coiled tubing connector |
US5569513A (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 1996-10-29 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Aerogel-in-foam thermal insulation and its preparation |
US5551484A (en) | 1994-08-19 | 1996-09-03 | Charboneau; Kenneth R. | Pipe liner and monitoring system |
US5524937A (en) | 1994-12-06 | 1996-06-11 | Camco International Inc. | Internal coiled tubing connector |
CA2208255A1 (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1996-07-11 | Alan William Atkinson | Reflective foam sleeve |
GB9500954D0 (en) * | 1995-01-18 | 1995-03-08 | Head Philip | A method of accessing a sub sea oil well and apparatus therefor |
US5558375A (en) | 1995-07-10 | 1996-09-24 | Deere & Company | Quick attach, reusable hose fittings |
US5971029A (en) | 1995-07-11 | 1999-10-26 | Instituform (Netherlands) B.V. | Dual containment pipe system and method of installation |
NO953217L (en) | 1995-08-16 | 1997-02-17 | Aker Eng As | Method and arrangement of pipe bundles |
US7498509B2 (en) | 1995-09-28 | 2009-03-03 | Fiberspar Corporation | Composite coiled tubing end connector |
CA2233345C (en) | 1995-09-28 | 2004-12-14 | Fiber Spar And Tube Corporation | Composite coiled tubing end connector |
US5865216A (en) * | 1995-11-08 | 1999-02-02 | Advanced Polymer Technology, Inc. | System for housing secondarily contained flexible piping |
US5692545A (en) | 1995-12-05 | 1997-12-02 | Rodrigue; Wayne | Fiber optic cable duct |
US5785091A (en) * | 1995-12-11 | 1998-07-28 | Tele-Flow, Inc. | Flexible air duct with diamond interlock scrim |
US6209587B1 (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 2001-04-03 | Hybritech Polymers | Multi-layer assembly for fluid and vapor handling and containment systems |
US5828003A (en) | 1996-01-29 | 1998-10-27 | Dowell -- A Division of Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Composite coiled tubing apparatus and methods |
US5641956A (en) | 1996-02-02 | 1997-06-24 | F&S, Inc. | Optical waveguide sensor arrangement having guided modes-non guided modes grating coupler |
US5683204A (en) * | 1996-02-14 | 1997-11-04 | Lawther; Gerald Howard | Apparatus and method for laying underwater pipelines |
US6787207B2 (en) | 1996-04-30 | 2004-09-07 | Borealis Technology Oy | Multi-layer pressure pipe of a plastic material |
US5730188A (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 1998-03-24 | Wellstream, Inc. | Flexible conduit |
GB9621976D0 (en) | 1996-10-22 | 1996-12-18 | Univ Newcastle | Manufacture of reinforced thermoplastic revolution bodies |
US5730220A (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 1998-03-24 | Technology Commercialization Corp. | Method of and device for production of hydrocarbons |
US5758990A (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 1998-06-02 | Deep Oil Technology, Incorporated | Riser tensioning device |
CN1132867C (en) | 1997-03-27 | 2003-12-31 | 三菱丽阳株式会社 | Epoxy resin composition to FRP, prepreg and tubular molding produced therefrom |
US5875792A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 1999-03-02 | Plastic Technology, Inc. | Bendable foam covered rod-like article and method and apparatus for making same |
US5951812A (en) | 1997-05-23 | 1999-09-14 | A. O. Smith Corporation | Joining member and method of joining two conductive pieces of fiberglass reinforced plastic pipe |
US5984581A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-11-16 | B.L. Key Services, L.L.C. | Pipeline coating |
HU218344B (en) | 1997-09-23 | 2000-08-28 | TAURUS EMERGÉ Gumiipari Kft. | Flexible tube-construction for use under great pressure and procedure making thereof |
US6004639A (en) | 1997-10-10 | 1999-12-21 | Fiberspar Spoolable Products, Inc. | Composite spoolable tube with sensor |
US6076561A (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 2000-06-20 | Tigers Polymer Corporation | Heat insulated hose |
US5950651A (en) | 1997-11-10 | 1999-09-14 | Technology Commercialization Corp. | Method and device for transporting a multi-phase flow |
IL138332A0 (en) | 1998-03-16 | 2001-10-31 | Dow Chemical Co | Open-cell foam and method of making |
SE511766C2 (en) * | 1998-03-23 | 1999-11-22 | Wirsbo Bruks Ab | Plastic multilayer tubes and their use |
US6264244B1 (en) | 1998-04-29 | 2001-07-24 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | End connector for composite coiled tubing |
US6532994B1 (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2003-03-18 | Aeroquip-Vickers International Gmbh | Hollow body in the form of a flexible bar |
DE19837497A1 (en) | 1998-08-13 | 2000-02-24 | Trinova Aeroquip Gmbh | Flexible pipe for liquid carbon dioxide has metal or synthetic coated inner layer facilitating transport of natural cooling fluid and reducing danger of leakage |
DE19837498A1 (en) | 1998-08-13 | 2000-02-24 | Trinova Aeroquip Gmbh | Flexible pipe equipped with metal or synthetic coated inner layer facilitating transport of natural cooling fluids avoiding danger of leakage |
US6066377A (en) * | 1998-08-17 | 2000-05-23 | Furon | Laminated air brake tubing |
EP0981002A1 (en) * | 1998-08-20 | 2000-02-23 | Bogey Venlo B.V. | System for controlled lowering of a tube or cable |
DE19838598A1 (en) | 1998-08-25 | 2000-03-16 | Kermi Gmbh | Multi-part arrangement of a shower partition |
FR2784417B1 (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2000-11-17 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE BUOYANCY OF A SUBMARINE DRILL UPRIGHT COLUMN |
JP2000205458A (en) | 1999-01-11 | 2000-07-25 | Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd | Hose for carbon dioxide refrigerant transport |
DE19905448A1 (en) * | 1999-02-09 | 2000-08-10 | Bakelite Ag | Curable mixtures containing cyanate resins and epoxy compounds |
GB2365096B (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2003-04-09 | Thermotite As | Steel pipe with heat insulation for deep-sea pipelines and method of producing it |
US6397895B1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2002-06-04 | F. Glenn Lively | Insulated pipe |
US20010006712A1 (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2001-07-05 | Motoshige Hibino | Hose of impermeability and a process for manufacturing the same |
JP3903679B2 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2007-04-11 | 東海ゴム工業株式会社 | Non-permeable composite hose |
US6538198B1 (en) * | 2000-05-24 | 2003-03-25 | Timothy M. Wooters | Marine umbilical |
CA2427534A1 (en) * | 2000-06-09 | 2001-12-20 | Fiberliner Networks | Method and apparatus for lining a conduit |
US6357966B1 (en) * | 2000-07-18 | 2002-03-19 | Allister Wade Thompson | Ballasting method and apparatus for the installation of synthetic underwater pipelines |
FR2811933B1 (en) | 2000-07-20 | 2003-05-23 | Vetrotex France Sa | COMPOSITE HOLLOW BODY AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
US6620475B1 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2003-09-16 | Hydril Company | Structure for wound fiber reinforced plastic tubing and method for making |
US6599596B2 (en) | 2000-12-15 | 2003-07-29 | Wellman, Inc. | Methods of post-polymerization injection in continuous polyethylene terephthalate production |
US6572081B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2003-06-03 | Nkf Kabel B.V. | Installation of guide tubes in a protective duct |
US7032658B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2006-04-25 | Smart Drilling And Completion, Inc. | High power umbilicals for electric flowline immersion heating of produced hydrocarbons |
GB2397859B (en) * | 2001-11-05 | 2006-02-22 | Fiberspar Corp | Spoolable composite tubing with a catalytically cured matrix |
AU2002364343A1 (en) | 2001-12-29 | 2003-07-30 | Technip France | Heated windable rigid duct for transporting fluids, particularly hydrocarbons |
US20040052997A1 (en) * | 2002-09-17 | 2004-03-18 | Ietsugu Santo | Composite pressure container or tubular body and composite intermediate |
US6814144B2 (en) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-11-09 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Well treating process and system |
EP1433990A1 (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-06-30 | Calsonic Kansei Corporation | Flexible hose |
WO2004060646A1 (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-22 | Venture Tape Corp. | Facing for insulation and other applications |
US6902205B2 (en) | 2003-01-16 | 2005-06-07 | Flexpipe Systems, Inc. | Coupling for composite pipe |
US7306006B1 (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2007-12-11 | Blacoh Fluid Controls, Inc. | Multi-function fluid component |
US6932168B2 (en) | 2003-05-15 | 2005-08-23 | Cnx Gas Company, Llc | Method for making a well for removing fluid from a desired subterranean formation |
JP3947726B2 (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2007-07-25 | クラリオン株式会社 | In-vehicle display control device, in-vehicle display device, display control method, control program, and recording medium |
US7069956B1 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2006-07-04 | Mosier James W | Marina piping |
US20050087336A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-04-28 | Surjaatmadja Jim B. | Orbital downhole separator |
US7523765B2 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2009-04-28 | Fiberspar Corporation | Fiber reinforced spoolable pipe |
US20060000515A1 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2006-01-05 | Huffman Thomas R | Dredge flotation hose and system |
WO2006003208A1 (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2006-01-12 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Method and system for inserting a fiber optical sensing cable into an underwater well |
DE102005019211B3 (en) | 2005-04-25 | 2006-11-30 | Bleckmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Tubular radiator with conical heating coil |
US7422063B2 (en) | 2006-02-13 | 2008-09-09 | Henry B Crichlow | Hydrocarbon recovery from subterranean formations |
US8187687B2 (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2012-05-29 | Fiberspar Corporation | Reinforcing matrix for spoolable pipe |
US8839822B2 (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2014-09-23 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Dual containment systems, methods and kits |
US7717181B2 (en) | 2007-01-09 | 2010-05-18 | Terry Bullen | Artificial lift system |
CA2619808C (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2015-04-14 | Fiberspar Corporation | Multi-cell spoolable pipe |
US8746289B2 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2014-06-10 | Fiberspar Corporation | Weighted spoolable pipe |
CA2641492C (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2016-07-05 | Fiberspar Corporation | Heated pipe and methods of transporting viscous fluid |
US7766085B2 (en) | 2008-02-04 | 2010-08-03 | Marathon Oil Company | Apparatus, assembly and process for injecting fluid into a subterranean well |
US9127546B2 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2015-09-08 | Fiberspar Coproation | Downhole fluid separation |
US9823133B2 (en) * | 2009-07-20 | 2017-11-21 | Applied Materials, Inc. | EMI/RF shielding of thermocouples |
-
2002
- 2002-04-29 WO PCT/US2002/013349 patent/WO2002087869A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-04-29 US US10/134,971 patent/US20020185188A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-04-29 WO PCT/US2002/013356 patent/WO2002088587A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-04-29 US US10/134,660 patent/US6663453B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-29 GB GB0327154A patent/GB2391917B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-29 AU AU2002259043A patent/AU2002259043A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-04-29 GB GB0515451A patent/GB2413166B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-29 CA CA2445586A patent/CA2445586C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-29 GB GB0327175A patent/GB2391600B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-27 NO NO20026268A patent/NO20026268L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-27 NO NO20026269A patent/NO20026269L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2003
- 2003-10-02 US US10/677,500 patent/US6764365B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-07-20 US US10/894,921 patent/US7029356B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-04-14 US US11/107,629 patent/US7234410B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2006
- 2006-10-04 US US11/543,300 patent/US20070125439A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-05-11 US US11/747,568 patent/US20080014812A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-05-27 US US12/472,893 patent/US8763647B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4402346A (en) * | 1978-03-14 | 1983-09-06 | Dunlop Limited | Crude oil pipe having layers of graduated permeability to hydrogen sulfide |
US4567916A (en) * | 1981-09-03 | 1986-02-04 | Taurus Gumiipari Vallalat | High pressure hose suitable for conveying gases and gas-containing fluids |
US4700751A (en) * | 1984-11-01 | 1987-10-20 | Fedrick Ronald M | Insulated pipe apparatus |
US4942903A (en) * | 1987-01-29 | 1990-07-24 | Eb Norsk Kabel A.S | Fire and corrosion protected hose |
US5908049A (en) * | 1990-03-15 | 1999-06-01 | Fiber Spar And Tube Corporation | Spoolable composite tubular member with energy conductors |
US5913337A (en) * | 1990-03-15 | 1999-06-22 | Fiber Spar And Ture Corporation | Spoolable composite tubular member with energy conductors |
US5469916A (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-11-28 | Conoco Inc. | System for depth measurement in a wellbore using composite coiled tubing |
US5622211A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1997-04-22 | Quality Tubing, Inc. | Preperforated coiled tubing |
US6604550B2 (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 2003-08-12 | Fiberspar Corporation | Composite spoolable tube |
US6857452B2 (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 2005-02-22 | Fiberspar Corporation | Composite spoolable tube |
US6357485B2 (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 2002-03-19 | Fiberspar Corporation | Composite spoolable tube |
US5921285A (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 1999-07-13 | Fiberspar Spoolable Products, Inc. | Composite spoolable tube |
US6016845A (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 2000-01-25 | Fiber Spar And Tube Corporation | Composite spoolable tube |
US6032699A (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 2000-03-07 | Furon Company | Fluid delivery pipe with leak detection |
US6220079B1 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2001-04-24 | Safety Liner Systems, L.L.C. | Annular fluid manipulation in lined tubular systems |
US6634388B1 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2003-10-21 | Safetyliner Systems, Llc | Annular fluid manipulation in lined tubular systems |
US6634387B1 (en) * | 1998-09-24 | 2003-10-21 | Nkt Flexibles A/S | Reinforced flexible tubular pipe with conveying back of leak fluid |
US6334466B1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2002-01-01 | The Gates Corporation | Abrasion-resistant material handling hose |
US7080667B2 (en) * | 2000-10-14 | 2006-07-25 | Boreas Consultants Limited | Lined pipeline vent |
US20040074551A1 (en) * | 2000-10-14 | 2004-04-22 | Mcintyre Stuart | Lined pipeline vent |
US6983766B2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2006-01-10 | Shell Oil Company | Lined pipe wherein the liner comprises a one-way valve |
US20040025951A1 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2004-02-12 | Baron John Joseph | Lined pipe wherein the liner comprises a one-way valve |
US20020185188A1 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-12-12 | Quigley Peter A. | Composite tubing |
US7029356B2 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2006-04-18 | Fiberspar Corporation | Buoyancy control systems for tubes |
US7234410B2 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2007-06-26 | Fiberspar Corporation | Buoyancy control systems for tubes |
US6978804B2 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2005-12-27 | Fiberspar Corporation | Systems and methods for pipeline rehabilitation |
US7152632B2 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2006-12-26 | Fiberspar Corporation | Systems and methods for pipeline rehabilitation |
US7285333B2 (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2007-10-23 | Fiberspar Corporation | Tie-layer materials, articles and methods for making and using same |
Cited By (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8066033B2 (en) | 1995-09-28 | 2011-11-29 | Fiberspar Corporation | Composite spoolable tube |
US8678042B2 (en) | 1995-09-28 | 2014-03-25 | Fiberspar Corporation | Composite spoolable tube |
US7647948B2 (en) | 1995-09-28 | 2010-01-19 | Fiberspar Corporation | Composite spoolable tube |
US8110741B2 (en) | 1995-09-28 | 2012-02-07 | Fiberspar Corporation | Composite coiled tubing end connector |
US20050121094A1 (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 2005-06-09 | Quigley Peter A. | Composite spoolable tube |
US8763647B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2014-07-01 | Fiberspar Corporation | Composite tubing |
US20050189029A1 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-09-01 | Fiberspar Corporation | Fiber reinforced spoolable pipe |
US20090173406A1 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2009-07-09 | Quigley Peter A | Fiber Reinforced Spoolable Pipe |
US8678041B2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2014-03-25 | Fiberspar Corporation | Fiber reinforced spoolable pipe |
US8001997B2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2011-08-23 | Fiberspar Corporation | Fiber reinforced spoolable pipe |
US8187687B2 (en) | 2006-03-21 | 2012-05-29 | Fiberspar Corporation | Reinforcing matrix for spoolable pipe |
US20090236098A1 (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2009-09-24 | Mestemacher Steven A | Reinforced Polymeric Siphon Tubes |
US8100183B2 (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2012-01-24 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Reinforced polymeric siphon tubes |
US8714204B2 (en) | 2006-12-18 | 2014-05-06 | Deepflex Inc. | Free venting pipe and method of manufacture |
US20080145583A1 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-06-19 | Deepflex Inc. | Free venting pipe and method of manufacture |
US8671992B2 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2014-03-18 | Fiberspar Corporation | Multi-cell spoolable composite pipe |
US8746289B2 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2014-06-10 | Fiberspar Corporation | Weighted spoolable pipe |
US8985154B2 (en) | 2007-10-23 | 2015-03-24 | Fiberspar Corporation | Heated pipe and methods of transporting viscous fluid |
US9127546B2 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2015-09-08 | Fiberspar Coproation | Downhole fluid separation |
US20100263761A1 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-10-21 | Niccolls Edwin H | Structural Components for Oil, Gas, Exploration, Refining and Petrochemical Applications |
US9284227B2 (en) | 2009-04-16 | 2016-03-15 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Structural components for oil, gas, exploration, refining and petrochemical applications |
US20100266781A1 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-10-21 | Grzegorz Jan Kusinski | Structural Components for Oil, Gas, Exploration, Refining and Petrochemical Applications |
US8871306B2 (en) | 2009-04-16 | 2014-10-28 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Structural components for oil, gas, exploration, refining and petrochemical applications |
US20100263195A1 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-10-21 | Niccolls Edwin H | Structural Components for Oil, Gas, Exploration, Refining and Petrochemical Applications |
US9016324B2 (en) | 2009-04-16 | 2015-04-28 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Methods for joining pipe section in a pipe system containing corrosive petroleum products |
US20100266790A1 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-10-21 | Grzegorz Jan Kusinski | Structural Components for Oil, Gas, Exploration, Refining and Petrochemical Applications |
US8955599B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2015-02-17 | Fiberspar Corporation | System and methods for removing fluids from a subterranean well |
US9206676B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2015-12-08 | Fiberspar Corporation | System and methods for removing fluids from a subterranean well |
CN104246337A (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2014-12-24 | 费德罗-莫格尔动力系公司 | Thermally insulative and reflective convoluted sleeve and method of construction thereof |
US20130199656A1 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-08 | Federal-Mogul Powertrain, Inc. | Thermally Resistant Convoluted Sleeve and Method of Construction Thereof |
US9297491B2 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2016-03-29 | Federal-Mogul Powertrain, Inc. | Thermally resistant convoluted sleeve and method of construction thereof |
US9890880B2 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2018-02-13 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Composite coiled tubing connectors |
US11614183B2 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2023-03-28 | Swagelok Company | Insulated hose arrangements |
US12104718B2 (en) | 2021-02-17 | 2024-10-01 | Gamra Composites, Inc. | Fiber reinforced hoses, composite materials and articles, and related methods |
US12145329B2 (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2024-11-19 | Gamra Composites, Inc. | Fiber reinforced composite materials, articles and related methods |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20026268D0 (en) | 2002-12-27 |
GB2413166A (en) | 2005-10-19 |
GB2391917A (en) | 2004-02-18 |
US8763647B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
WO2002088587A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
AU2002259043A1 (en) | 2002-11-11 |
GB2391600B (en) | 2005-09-21 |
US20040072485A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
WO2002087869A2 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
US6764365B2 (en) | 2004-07-20 |
GB0515451D0 (en) | 2005-08-31 |
US20050277347A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
GB2391600A (en) | 2004-02-11 |
CA2445586C (en) | 2012-01-10 |
WO2002087869A3 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
US20060084331A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
US7029356B2 (en) | 2006-04-18 |
CA2445586A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
NO20026269L (en) | 2003-02-26 |
GB0327154D0 (en) | 2003-12-24 |
US20030008577A1 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
GB2413166B (en) | 2005-11-30 |
GB0327175D0 (en) | 2003-12-24 |
US20020185188A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
US20080014812A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
US20100101676A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
GB2391917B (en) | 2005-10-26 |
NO20026268L (en) | 2003-02-26 |
US7234410B2 (en) | 2007-06-26 |
NO20026269D0 (en) | 2002-12-27 |
US6663453B2 (en) | 2003-12-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8763647B2 (en) | Composite tubing | |
US8839822B2 (en) | Dual containment systems, methods and kits | |
JP5290255B2 (en) | Hose improvements | |
CA2321536C (en) | Composite spoolable tube | |
EP1292790B1 (en) | Improvements relating to hose | |
US8678042B2 (en) | Composite spoolable tube | |
CA2660417C (en) | Reinforced hose | |
MXPA00012490A (en) | A flexible composite pipe and a method for manufacturing same. | |
CA2621046A1 (en) | Weighted spoolable pipe | |
WO2000070256A1 (en) | A flexible lightweight composite pipe for high pressure oil and gas applications | |
US9441766B2 (en) | Reinforced hose | |
US20130146171A1 (en) | Multi-Tube Spoolable Assembly | |
CA2756825C (en) | Improved composite tubing | |
CA2582213C (en) | Dual containment systems, methods and kits |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CITIZENS BANK OF MASSACHUSETTS, MASSACHUSETTS Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:FIBERSPAR CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:019140/0618 Effective date: 20070327 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |