UA76981C2 - Grain harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention refers to a combine harvester with a rotor housing which is positioned in a lengthwise direction and which comprises a separation rotor (24) inside of the rotor housing and sucking blower (36) means arranged at the discharge end of the rotor housing, whereby the shaft of the sucking blower means is coaxially towards the shaft of the separation rotor. To allow a better adaption of the rotational speeds of the separation rotors and the sucking blower units to the prevailing harvesting conditions, it is suggested that the rotational speeds of a sucking blower unit and the corresponding separation rotor are variably adjustable relative to each other by adjusting their drive mean.

Description

Description of the invention

The present invention relates to a grain harvester with at least one separation unit containing 2 driven rotating separating screws located in the screw housing, with a loading zone from which the collected material is fed into the screw housing, a separation zone equipped with sieves placed in the screw housing of this separation zone, with a discharge zone located in the discharge end section of the screw body and a suction blower assembly that sucks in a jet of air flow at least through the sieve in the separation zone and the discharge zone, in addition, there is a grain collection device located 70 on some distance from the sieves, and all elements are placed in such a way that part of the air stream is sucked into the separation zone from the space between the sieves and the grain collection device.

Such a separation device is disclosed in patent document PCT/LOZ 97/02432. In this separation device, the unit of the suction blower and the working elements of the separation screws are mounted on one shaft.

Since the suction blower must develop a high rotational speed to ensure 72 the generation of a jet of air flow strong enough to capture and move the chaff particles, special separation screw devices in the separation zone operate at a correspondingly high rotational speed. At average modes of harvesting the product, such a layout scheme works satisfactorily, but under certain conditions, a too high degree of grain damage occurs with an excessively high degree of straw deformation. In addition, such a layout is difficult to precisely adapt to the prevailing special conditions of product assembly.

From the patent document OE 3717501, a layout is known, in which the threshing drum is fixed on a hollow shaft, which, with the possibility of rotation, is coaxially installed on the first third of a rigid (solid) shaft that passes through the entire length of the cylindrical body of the screw, while on the remaining two thirds of this shaft fixed separation devices. With this arrangement, it is possible to work with 29 threshing drum and separating screw at different rotation speeds. Go)

The technical problem solved by the present invention is to improve the separation process without limiting the level of productivity of the suction blower assembly.

The set technical problem can be solved, and the advantages of the design proposed by this invention can be ensured if the rotational speeds of the suction blower unit and the corresponding -- 30 separating screw are alternately adjusted in relation to each other by adjusting their drive devices.

By changing the interdependence between the rotation speeds of the suction blower assembly and the corresponding separation screw, it becomes possible to operate the suction blower assembly with optimal performance, while the separation screw can operate at a lower rotation speed, which provides a reduction in losses, reduces the deformation of straw or damage to grains thrown back into the screw casing. When using this invention, the speed of rotation of the suction blower assembly or the separation screw can be adjusted, or the speed of rotation of both elements can be adjusted. According to the present invention, there should be a disconnection in the sequence of drive elements that transmit the drive energy from the engine to the suction blower assembly on the one hand and to the corresponding separate C 70 screw on the other hand, with at least one split path there are elements necessary to ensure a change in the speed of rotation of the shaft. The concept of operating the suction blower unit at optimum performance means that its rotational speed relative to the separation screw is chosen such that the amount of grains sucked from the screw housing is kept low, but the suction airflow is still strong enough, to retain the bulk of the chaff fraction within the auger housing, wherein the separation auger and suction and blower assembly can be operated at speeds that do not contribute to straw deformation more than this

He») is necessary and which do not affect the grains with a greater intensity than is necessary. Of course, with the introduction of the possibility of adjustment, it becomes possible to favor one or more of the aspects mentioned above, while the adjustment of the rotational speeds of the shafts can be adjusted to the desired results of the harvesting process depending on the harvesting conditions. For example, in order to achieve a satisfactory grain separation result at low costs and low losses, harvesting wet grain may require a stronger airflow than in dry weather, while harvesting rapeseed will require a gentler airflow than harvesting corn

In the preferred embodiment, the shafts of the suction blower and the corresponding separation screw are mounted coaxially, with one of these shafts being made hollow and the other passing through this

GF) hollow shaft. Such a layout is cheap to implement and does not take up much space in the combine harvester. o According to another embodiment, the rotational speed of at least the suction blower unit is alternately adjustable. This means that the respective separation screw is driven 60 revolutions at a constant speed and the speed of the suction blower assembly can be adjusted to the prevailing harvesting conditions. Of course, changing the speed of rotation of the suction blower units can apply to one or all of the suction blower units, as soon as it falls under the concept of the corresponding combine harvester. The described arrangement does not increase the cost of the product. because It is also proposed to adjust the speed of rotation of any of the units of the suction blower of the split screw by changing the operating speed of the engine. Nowadays, most of the diesel engines of grain harvesters are controlled by computer devices. Such computer devices control, for example, the number of revolutions per minute (rpm) of such an engine, the load under which such an engine operates, they determine the amount of fuel and time,

During which it should be injected into the combustion chambers, the operation of the bypass valve of the turbocharger is monitored, in addition, they are connected to other computerized controllers of the grain harvesting machine, for example, using busbar systems, to exchange data about machine settings or other parameters or operating modes. It becomes possible to easily determine individual parameters that are urgently issued by computer devices for engine operation at increased or decreased speed. So, in order to save /o fuel, it is advisable to lower the engine speed, if the amount of collected product is not so high that it is necessary to operate the engine at full power. In another example, if the sensor detects a decrease in the separation screw speed due to overload, it may be appropriate to increase the separation screw speed by increasing the engine speed in order to exit the overload mode without interrupting the work process. Undoubtedly, reducing especially the speed of rotation of the separating screw by reducing the engine speed or by other means of changing the speed in accordance with the present invention may also be appropriate in order to reduce the degree of damage to the grains or to improve the functionality and reduce losses when the combine harvester begins to harvest or when he leaves the corral after he reaches its beginning. Thanks to the rotary cleaning process and maintenance of the specified state of the air flow jet, the efficiency of the grain harvester does not decrease due to the decrease in engine speed, as it happens in a conventional combine with a cleaning screen.

According to another example of the implementation of this invention, there is a first separation unit connected to a second separation unit for cleaning the grain fraction separated in the first separation unit, while the shafts of the separation screws and the suction blower units of both separation units are driven by one, primary drive shaft, with at least three pulleys fixed on the primary drive shaft, and at least one of the specified three pulleys is a speed variator pulley.

According to the concept of this invention, a cheap and simple solution for adjusting the ratio of rotation speeds of separate screws and units of suction blowers is proposed. Grain-harvesting machines usually use easy-to-maintain M-belt drives, while the variators must ensure the adjustment of the rotation speeds of the shafts in a certain range of gear ratios until the transmitted power is outside the range of the variators.

In order to increase the transmission ratio between the primary drive shaft and the shafts of the separate Ge! screw and the assembly of the suction blower, it is advisable, in addition to the primary drive shaft, to use an intermediate shaft with at least one variator pulley fixed on it. With a greater expansion of the transmission ratio range, it becomes possible to maintain a high level of speed of the suction blower device when the engine speed is reduced.

A positive effect is brought by the use of a layout in which the shaft of the separating screw runs along the entire length of the rotor body, and in the area of its front end section " there are devices for transmitting energy intended for bringing other working elements of the grain harvester into working condition. With " such a layout, it is possible to exclude the use of additional means to transmit energy to drive the loading elements inside the body of the loading device or to drive the cutting device. It is possible to connect hydraulic pumps or electric generators to the device;" for extracting power on the shaft, as well as for using this power to drive wheels, working braking devices, to ensure the operation of the unloading auger, etc.

Instead of mechanical transmission of energy, there is the possibility of driving at least one shaft -I of the separating screw or the assembly of the suction blower by means of a hydraulic or electric motor with an adjustable drive speed. The power level of such components is increasing, and their cost

Me. decreases, as a result, such components can be successfully used to control rotation speeds.

Next, the present invention is described in more detail with reference to the drawings. The attached drawings show: Fig. 1 - a side view of a self-propelled grain harvester; in Fig. 2 - one of the possible examples of the implementation of the concept of the location of drive devices for actuating the separate rotor and the unit of the suction blower; in Fig. 3 - another possible example of the implementation of the concept of the location of drive devices; in Fig. 4 - an example of the implementation of the concept of the arrangement of drive devices with hydraulic or electric (F, engines for changing the speed of rotation of certain shafts. ka Grain harvester 2, shown in Fig. 17, equipped with a driver's cabin 4, engine b with a cooling system 8, front a wheel 10 with an axis of rotation 12, a rear wheel 14, a cutting device 16 and a body 18 of the loading device, which directs the collected material from the cutting device 16 to the loading device 20 of the body 22 of the screw, which is part of the separation unit. Inside the body 22 of the screw is placed a separating screw 24, which is driven into rotation by the drive elements 26, in this example implementation by belt gears, due to the power of the engine 6. If you look along the axis of rotation of the separating screw 24 from the loading hole 20 in the direction of the unloading end 65 section 28 of the housing 22 of the screw, the front section of the separating screw 24 contains screw blades 30, which approximately determine the length inu of the loading zone, where the collected material is loaded into the housing 22 of the screw. The middle and rear sections of the separation screw 24 are equipped with plates 32 of crushing blades, which approximately define the extent of the separation zone along the length of the body 22 of the screw. It should be noted that the devices for loading the collected material into the screw body, threshing and separating the collected material can be devices other than auger blades and crushing blade plates, they are mentioned in this description as examples of implementation. Of course, the expert can choose other devices, the existence of which he is aware of and which serve to perform the given function. The lower part of the screw housing 22 contains a screen 34 through which grain and chaff can exit the screw housing 22. The unit 36 of the suction blower sucks the jet of air flow, at least through the sieve into the zone of separation of the housing 22 of the screw, and from there - in the direction of the unloading 7/o Zone 28 and further from the housing 22 of the screw and from the grain harvester 2. The unit of the suction blower 36 in the process of operation connects to the separation screw 24. The screw housing 22, the separation screw 24 and the suction blower assembly are together the main components of the separation assembly. The grains leaving the auger housing 22 through the holes in the screens 34 fall, at least in part, on the grain collection device 38, which directs the movement of the grains under the action of gravity to the grain collection auger 40, and the auger directs the collected grain to the grain conveyor (not shown) loading the grain into the container 42. The stream of air flow generated by the suction blower 36 moves through the intermediate space between the sieves 34 and the device 38 for collecting the grain.

The above description refers to the operation of a single separation unit, but it is quite obvious that, as already mentioned, two separation units can be placed next to each other in a grain harvester, and instead of ordinary sieves, one or more additional separation units can be used, which work by by the basic principle described above and are intended for further cleaning of the separated grain, while they are located under the previously mentioned separation units.

The inclined location of the screw housing 22 and the separating screw 24 itself, which is located inside the screw housing 22, at an angle of more than 30 degrees to the horizontal plane, provides this technical solution with a number of advantages. First of all, this arrangement helps to reduce the speed of movement of the collected material inside the screw body in the direction of the unloading end section 28, as a result of which the collected i) material rotates inside the screw body 22, passing a longer path, which provides greater opportunities for grain separation . Due to the fact that the gravitational forces act more effectively on the heavier fractions of the collected material, for example, on the grains, they show a tendency to more -/-s of slowly passing through the body 22 of the screw, which brings an additional effect, enhancing the process of separating the grain from the light fractions collected material, for example, straw or chaff. An additional advantage is that the grain can be collected using conventional grain collection devices C8, which can be made in the form of a chute, and directed towards the auger for grain collection without any additional drive devices. to use the second separating screw 44 as a cleaning device for fractionation of grains and chaff discharged from the screw housing 22, it is expedient to use an inclined location of the screw housing 22. Since the jet of air moving along the outer surface of the screens 34 towards the suction blower assembly 36 is not able to suck the grains easily enough, lifting them up, due to their weight, they tend to fall either on the grain collection device 38 or on the second grain outlet leading to the second separation screw 44. The second separation screw 44 is functionally connected to the suction blower assembly 54, which generates an air flow jet comparable to the air flow jet generated by the suction blower assembly 36.

The housing 18 of the loading device contains at least two rotating elements, namely, one; front rotating element 46 and one rear rotating element 48. The shape of the bottom part 50 of the housing 18 of the loading device is partially adapted to the periphery of the rotating elements 46 and 48. In the area where the arrow 20 points to the line that schematically indicates the transversely placed cylindrical housing 18 -I loading device containing the rear rotating element 48 in the area of its unloading end section, the loading hole of the screw housing 22 can also be located. Transversely located

Me. the cylindrical body 18 of the loading device penetrates into the upper half of the longitudinally located,

Ge) basically, a cylindrical body of 22 screws. The rotational energy of the separating screw 24, 44 can be transmitted 5p to the elements located below, which is schematically indicated by the arrow 52. If the silencer housing 22 is placed in the grain harvester 2 according to the described layout, how does the possibility of placing the engine 6 also in the rear upper half of the grain harvester appear? 2 behind the rear end section of the body 22 screws. This has the positive effect of eliminating the need to transmit engine power over long distances in the direction of the separation screw, which saves

Costs and reduces the weight of the machine. The high level of the engine location also avoids the inconveniences associated with the cooling system sucking in too much blown straw,

F) moving down, devices 36 of the suction blower and the blower of the second separation unit. The power required to drive the cutting device 16 and loading elements 46, 48 located inside the housing 18 of the loading device, or other working devices or generators of hydraulic pressure or electrical energy, can be transmitted by the shaft of the separating screw 24 or 44 from the rear to the front areas of combine harvester 2. This eliminates the need to install additional drive elements and preserve overall compactness of combine harvester 2 in width. The shaft of the power take-off device of the separate screws 24 and 44 can be equipped with gears that transmit rotational energy to secondary shafts, hydraulic pumps, electric generators, gear 65 gears, etc. To simplify graphic materials, the possibility of activating any other components is indicated by arrow 52.

In the triangle, the boundaries of which are defined by the upper half of the screw body 22, the rear wall of the cabin 4 and the upper border of the grain harvester 2, the grain collection container 42 is easily placed. If only one separate screw is placed in the screw body (a layout of two adjacent

ONE next to each other screws), the grain container space 42 can extend down along the sides of the screw housing 22, forming a similarity to the structure of the support bottom tank.

In order to provide sufficient space to place the front end portion of the propeller housing 22 as low as possible, it is advisable to avoid having a rigid front axle or transverse frame beam of the machine in the area adjacent to the front wheel. To drive the front wheels /o a small hydraulic or electric motor can be placed next to each wheel, so that one motor will drive one wheel.

Figure 2 shows an example of the basic concept of the drive device system according to the present invention.

The belt transmission 100, 102 with the intermediate shaft 104 extends in the direction from the crankshaft of the engine 6 in order to actuate the auger 40 for collecting grain, the conveyor for transferring grain and a number of other components. On 7/5 of the other side of the engine, the protruding element of the crankshaft is connected to the energy source 106, for which an electric generator or hydraulic pump is used. The belt drive 108 transmits the energy of the engine 6 to the main gear box 110. From the main gear box 110, the energy is transmitted to the primary drive shaft 112 to drive the suction blower assemblies 36, 54 and the separation screws 24, 44.

The power to the drive shafts 118, 120 is transmitted using belt drives 114, 116. Pulleys for actuating the belt drives 114, 116 in the form of rigid pulleys that prevent any change in the ratio of rotation speeds. Therefore, the speed of rotation of the shafts 118,120 is rigidly fixed and can be changed only if other pulleys with other diameters are installed on the primary drive shaft 112. It should be borne in mind that the second separation node is for cleaning the grain that was separated in the first separation assembly, consisting of a separation screw 44 and a suction blower assembly 54. In the embodiment shown in Fig.2, the separation screw 44 and the node 54 of the suction blower i) are fixed on the same shaft, so they rotate at the same speed of rotation. In the first separation unit, the separation screw 24 and the suction blower unit 36 are not located on the same shaft.

Only the separation screw 24 is fixed on the shaft 120. To drive the unit 36 of the suction blower pulley "-

From 122 of the speed variator is fixed on the primary drive shaft 112, and thanks to the use of the function of the pulley 122 of the variator, the gear ratio is changed to actuate the M-belt drive 124.

The engineer developing the layout diagram of the combine decides what size should be chosen for the pulleys 122, 126 b of the speed variator for other pulleys in other examples of implementation, as well as what gear ratio should be provided with the help of the selected pulleys of the variators. The choice of sizes and transmission ratios ise) z5 depends on the set speeds of rotation of the corresponding shafts, taking into account the provision of the best possible conditions for the functioning of the components driven by them. The pulley 126 of the variator is rigidly connected to the hollow shaft 128, through which the shaft 120 passes. On the hollow shaft 128, the blades of the node 36 of the suction blower are welded.

In the embodiment shown in Fig.2, only one pulley 122 of the variator is shown, fixed on the primary shaft 112 and changing the speed of rotation of the node 36 of the suction blower of the first node n) with separation. Of course, in alternative solutions, which are not shown in Fig. 2, there is also the possibility of changing . only the speed of rotation of the node 54 of the suction blower of the second separation node, while all the others are the shafts are rotated with a fixed ratio of their rotational speeds, while there is an alternative possibility to additionally install on the primary shaft 112 the pulley of the second speed variator, to fix the unit 54 of the suction blower on the hollow shaft placed coaxially on the shaft 18, and -And to rotate this additional hollow shaft with the help of the pulley of the second variator, as a result of which the separate screws 24, 44 are rotated with a fixed ratio, and both assemblies 36, 54

Me, the suction blower is driven by the pulleys of the variator with variable characteristics. At

Ge) this also has the possibility of constantly activating one or more units 36, 54 of the suction blower from the primary shaft 112 and changing the speed of rotation of one or both shafts 118, 120. Although such a technical solution does not go beyond the scope of protection of this invention , still persists as a flaw in the concept, which is that the split shaft typically consumes more power than the intake blower assembly, which necessitates the manufacture of heavier variator pulleys than is typical of variable intake blower assemblies.

The shaft 120 completely passes through the body 22 of the screw, and in the area of its front end section there is a gear 130, presented in the form of an example of the implementation of the device shown earlier by arrow 52 in Fig.1. (F) From this gear 130, one shaft drives a belt drive 132 to provide rotary motion to the rotating element 48. The belt drive 34 transmits energy to the rotating element 46, as a result of which all the loading elements of the housing 18 of the loading device are driven by the shaft 120 In addition, because the pulley or gear 136 can be fixed on the shaft of the rotating element 46, as a result of which the cutting device can also be actuated by this pulley or gear 136. From the gear 130, energy can be transmitted to the power unit 138, which can be used to excite electrical or hydraulic energy. This energy can be used to drive components, wheels and other elements in the area of the front section of the combine harvester 2. 65 It should be noted that the engine is controlled by the computer 160. Through the corresponding input, the computer 160 can regulate the speed of the engine. Thanks to this method of adjustment, a change in the rotation speed of the shafts 118, 120, 128 and 142 can be ensured.

The basic concept of the arrangement of the drive elements shown in Fig. 3 is very similar to that previously described, but in order to increase the transmission ratio of the adjustable elements, an intermediate shaft 140 is integrated into this system. While the shafts 118, 120 still continue to be set in motion from the primary shaft 112, the hollow shafts 128, 142 are set in motion not directly, but through the intermediate shaft 140. The pulley 144 of the variator, which transmits energy from the primary shaft 112 to the intermediate shaft 140, in the process of actuation changes the speed of rotation of all of shafts connected to it. In the given example, using the additional pulley 146 of the variator, it is possible to individually change the speed of rotation of the shaft 142. Thanks to this 7/0 additional pulley, it is possible to compensate for the changes in rotational speed caused by the actuation of the pulley 144 of the variator. Such a layout with the use of the intermediate shaft 140 brings a positive effect also in relation to the space required for the installation of the elements of the drive system. Because variator pulleys always require more space than conventional pulleys, the variator pulleys can be located elsewhere on the intermediate shaft, so that the primary drive shaft 112 can be located in close proximity to the shafts 118, 120.

While the first set of pulleys 144 of the variator provides a change in the speed of rotation of the intermediate shaft 140, and therefore the hollow shafts 128, 142, which are driven by this intermediate shaft 140, there is an additional pulley 146 of the variator, which serves to additionally change the speed rotation of the hollow shaft 142.

Fig. 4 shows an option in which the change in the speed of rotation of the shafts 128, 142 is provided not by the pulley of the variator, but by motors with adjustable speed. Power unit 106 generates electrical or hydraulic power that is transmitted via hoses or wires 148 to motors 150. Power from the motors is transmitted to gears 152 that are coupled to gears on hollow shafts 128, 142.

The speed of the motors can vary, and this change is transmitted to the hollow shafts 128, 142.

The examples presented in the drawings and described above do not exclude the possibility of the existence of other examples of the implementation of this invention. Undoubtedly, there is an opportunity for the expert to adapt the concept of the invention to the requirements of its use in practice (when preparing the application materials), while the functional elements and) of one example can be integrated into the concept of another example.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention is 30 so 1. A grain harvester containing at least one driven rotating distribution screw, Fo is located in the screw housing, with a loading zone from which the collected mass is fed into the screw housing, a separation zone equipped with sieves located in the screw housing of this separation zone, with is) , with 5 a discharge zone which is located in the discharge end section of the screw body, and at least one suction blower which sucks a jet of air flow through at least the sieves in the separation zone and the discharge zone, and a grain collection device located at some distance from the sieves, and all the elements are placed in such a way that part of the air stream is sucked into the separation zone from the space between the sieves and the device for grain collection, which differs in that the drive devices " (26) for driving the suction blower (36,54) and the corresponding distribution screw (24,44) are made with the possibility of alternating adjustment quickly degrees of rotation of the suction blower (36,54) and the corresponding distribution screw (24, 44) relative to each other. :з» 2. The grain harvester according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the shafts of the suction blower (36,54) and the corresponding distribution screw (24,44) are installed coaxially, while one of these shafts is made hollow, and the other passes through this hollow shaft - Z. The grain harvester according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that at least the unit of the suction blower (36,54) is made with the possibility of alternately adjusting the speed of rotation. (22) 4. Grain harvester according to claim 1, which differs in that the speed of rotation of either the suction blower (36,54) or the distribution screw (24,44) is adjustable by changing the operating speed of the engine (6). (ee) 5. The grain harvester according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first distribution screw (24), connected by the cheek with the second separation screw (44), is intended for cleaning the grain fraction separated in the first distribution screw (24), while the shafts of the distribution screws (24,44) and the suction blowers (36,54) of both screws are driven from one primary drive shaft (112), equipped with at least three pulleys (122), fixed on this primary drive shaft (112), and at least one of the specified three pulleys (122) is a speed variator pulley. (F; 6. Harvester according to claim 5, which differs in that, in addition to the primary drive shaft of the GI (112), an intermediate shaft (120) is provided, on which at least one pulley (126) of the speed variator is fixed. in 7. Harvester according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the shaft of the distribution screw (24, 44) passes through the entire length of the screw body, and in the area of its front end there are devices (52) for power transmission, which ensures the functioning of other working elements of the grain harvester (2). 8. A grain harvester according to any of the previous items, characterized in that at least one shaft (128, 142) of the distribution screw (24, 44) or suction blower is driven by a hydraulic or electric motor (150) with adjustable drive speed .