TWI819518B - Glp-1r調節化合物 - Google Patents
Glp-1r調節化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI819518B TWI819518B TW111108691A TW111108691A TWI819518B TW I819518 B TWI819518 B TW I819518B TW 111108691 A TW111108691 A TW 111108691A TW 111108691 A TW111108691 A TW 111108691A TW I819518 B TWI819518 B TW I819518B
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- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229950006544 saroglitazar Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MRWFZSLZNUJVQW-DEOSSOPVSA-N saroglitazar Chemical compound C1=CC(C[C@H](OCC)C(O)=O)=CC=C1OCCN1C(C=2C=CC(SC)=CC=2)=CC=C1C MRWFZSLZNUJVQW-DEOSSOPVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036186 satiety Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019627 satiety Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical group CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950003181 selonsertib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002400 serotonin 2A antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003762 serotonin receptor affecting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940121615 setanaxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PEGQOIGYZLJMIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N setogepram Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=CC(CC(O)=O)=C1 PEGQOIGYZLJMIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-OQPLDHBCSA-N sialic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@](O)(C(O)=O)OC1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-OQPLDHBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950009513 simtuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012748 slip agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940001593 sodium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007901 soft capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012439 solid excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950008588 solithromycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005268 sotagliflozin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FOEYMRPOKBCNCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiro[2.5]octane Chemical compound C1CC11CCCCC1 FOEYMRPOKBCNCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L suberate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCC([O-])=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960005559 sulforaphane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015487 sulforaphane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YAWLZFBIZMMVLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-(6-chloropyridin-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(=N1)C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C YAWLZFBIZMMVLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 108091008743 testicular receptors 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960003604 testosterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran thf Chemical compound C1CCOC1.C1CCOC1 WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrothiophene Chemical compound C1CCSC1 RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011287 therapeutic dose Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005306 thianaphthenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M thioacetate Chemical compound CC([S-])=O DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108091008762 thyroid hormone receptors ß Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940121512 tirzepatide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108091004331 tirzepatide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HJQILFPVRNHTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolimidone Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(OC2=CNC(=O)N=C2)=C1 HJQILFPVRNHTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005012 tolimidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940070126 tropifexor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004917 tyrosine kinase inhibitor derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JABYJIQOLGWMQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N undec-4-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=CCCC JABYJIQOLGWMQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- RUDATBOHQWOJDD-UZVSRGJWSA-N ursodeoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)CC1 RUDATBOHQWOJDD-UZVSRGJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001661 ursodiol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010644 vidofludimus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 201000001862 viral hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BPQMGSKTAYIVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vismodegib Chemical compound ClC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(C=2N=CC=CC=2)=C1 BPQMGSKTAYIVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004449 vismodegib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940073650 vonafexor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940020454 vupanorsen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003064 xanthine oxidase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071104 xylenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- REQQVBGILUTQNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ziritaxestat Chemical compound CCC=1N=C2C(C)=CC(N3CCN(CC(=O)N4CC(O)C4)CC3)=CN2C=1N(C)C(SC=1C#N)=NC=1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 REQQVBGILUTQNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108020001612 μ-opioid receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
- A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D211/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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Abstract
本揭露提供GLP-1R促效劑、及其組成物、方法、及套組。此類化合物通常可用於治療人類的GLP-1R介導之疾病或病況。
Description
相關申請案之交互參照
本申請案主張於2021年3月11日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第63/159,853號之優先權,其係出於所有目的全文併入本文中。
本揭露係關於與類升糖素肽-1受體(GLP-1R)結合並作為其促效劑或調節劑、且作為GLP-1R之促效劑或調節劑的化合物。本揭露進一步關於化合物用於藉由該等化合物治療及/或預防疾病及/或病況的用途。
類升糖素肽-1 (GLP-1)係肽激素,其由腸道中之內分泌細胞回應於進食而分泌。GLP-1被認為在調控餐後血糖方面發揮作用,其經由直接增加膳食誘導之胰島素自胰島β細胞之分泌,以及在藉由延遲食物通過腸道之運輸來促進飽腹感方面發揮作用。GLP-1經由GLP-1受體(GLP-1R)介導細胞內信號傳導,GLP-1受體屬於存在於細胞膜上的G蛋白偶聯受體家族,並可在活化後導致次級傳訊者環腺苷單磷酸(cAMP)的累積。非酒精性脂肪肝炎(NASH)可與代謝症候群之特徵相關,包括肥胖、第2型糖尿病、胰島素抗性、及心血管疾病。
目前正在研究GLP-1R促效劑與糖尿病、肥胖、及NASH的相關性。GLP-1R促效劑包括肽,諸如艾塞那肽(exenatide)、利拉魯肽(liraglutide)、及度拉魯肽(dulaglutide),其已經核准用於管理第2型糖尿病。此類肽主要係藉由皮下注射投予。亦正在研究口服GLP-1促效劑以用於治療第2型糖尿病。一些GLP-1R促效劑(諸如利拉魯肽、度拉魯肽、及艾塞那肽)對由二肽基肽酶4所致之快速降解具有抗性,從而導致比內源性GLP-1更長的半衰期。
在代謝疾病及相關疾病(包括但不限於NASH、肥胖、及第2型糖尿病)之治療中,仍需要具有所欲治療性質、代謝性質、及/或易於投予之化合物,諸如GLP-1R之促效劑。
在一個實施例中,本揭露提供一種式(I)之化合物:
(I),
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中
R
1係
(a) 可選地經一至四個R
4取代之5員雜芳基,或
(b) 5員雜芳基,其中該雜芳基係稠合至具有零至三個雜原子之5員或6員環,該等雜原子各獨立地係N、O、或S,以形成稠合環系統,其中該稠合環系統可選地經一至四個R
4取代;
環A係可選地經一至三個R
A基團取代的
、
、
、或
,各R
A基團獨立地係C
1-6烷基、C
1-6鹵烷基、C
1-6烷氧基、C
1-6鹵烷氧基、鹵素、-OH、-CN、或N(R
10a)(R
10b);
環B係
、
、
、或
,
其等各自可選地經一至三個R
B基團取代,各R
B基團獨立地係C
1-6烷基或鹵素,
V係-C(R
7a)(R
7b)-;
R
2係H、C
1-6烷基、C
2-6炔基、C
1-6鹵烷基、C
3-10環烷基、雜環基、C
1-6烷基-C
3-10環烷基、C
1-6烷基-雜環基、或C
1-6烷基-雜芳基,其中烷基、炔基、環烷基、雜環基、或雜芳基各自可選地經一至四個Z
1取代,其中各Z
1獨立地係C
1-6烷基、C
1-6烷氧基、C
1-6羥烷基、C
2-6烷氧基烷基、鹵素、C
1-6鹵烷基、C
1-6鹵烷氧基、-OH、-CN、C
1-6烷基-CN、-O-C
3-6環烷基、或可選地經1至4個基團取代之雜芳基,該等基團各獨立地係C
1-6烷基、C
1-6烷氧基、鹵素、C
1-6鹵烷基、或C
1-6鹵烷氧基;
R
3係-C(O)OR
3a;
R
3a係H、C
1-4烷基-N(R
9a)(R
9b)、-C
1-4烷基-N(R
9a)C(O)-O-C
1-4烷基-OP(O)(OR
9c)
2、C
1-4烷基-C(O)N(R
9a)(R
9b)、-C
1-4烷基-O-C(O)-C
1-4烷基、-C
1-4烷基-O-C(O)-O-C
1-4烷基、-C
1-4烷基-O-C(O)-C
1-4烷基-N(R
9a)(R
9b)、-C
1-4烷基-O-C(O)-C
1-4烷基-OP(O)(OR
9c)
2、-CH
2CH(N(R
9a)
2)C(O)OR
9b、-P(O)(OR
9c)
2、-OP(O)(OR
9c)
2、-CH
2P(O)(OR
9c)
2、-CH
2OP(O)(OR
9c)
2、-OCH
2P(O)(OR
9c)
2、C(O)OCH
2P(O)(OR
9c)
2、-P(O)(R
9c)(OR
9d)、-OP(O)(R
9c)(OR
9d)、-CH
2P(O)(R
9c)(OR
9d)、-OCH
2P(O)(R
9c)(OR
9d)、-C(O)OCH
2P(O)(R
9c)(OR
9d)、-P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)
2、-OP(O)(N(R
9c)
2)
2、-CH
2P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)
2、-OCH
2P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)
2、-C(O)OCH
2P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)
2、-P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)(OR
9d)、-OP(O)(N(R
9c)
2)(OR
9d)、-CH
2P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)(OR
9d)、-OCH
2P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)(OR
9d)、-C(O)OCH
2P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)(OR
9d)、-P(O)(R
9c)(N(R
9d)
2)、-OP(O)(R
9c)(N(R
9d)
2)、-CH
2P(O)(R
9c)(N(R
9d)
2)、-OCH
2P(O)(R
9c)(N(R
9d)
2)、-C(O)OCH
2P(O)(R
9c)(N(R
9d)
2)、或C
1-6烷基-雜環基;
其中該烷基或雜環基各可選地經一至四個鹵素取代;
各R
4獨立地係C
1-9烷基、C
1-8鹵烷基、C
1-6烷氧基、C
1-6鹵烷氧基、C
2-6烷氧烷基、C
2-6烯基、C
2-6炔基、鹵素、C
3-15環烷基、雜環基、C
6-10芳基、雜芳基、側氧基、-NO
2、-N
3、-CN、-O-R
10a、-C(O)-R
10a、-C(O)O-R
10a、-C(O)-N(R
10a)(R
10b)、-N(R
10a)(R
10b)、-N(R
10a)
2(R
10b)
+、-N(R R
10a)C(O)-R
10b、-N(R
10a)C(O)O- R
10b、-N(R
10a)C(O)N(R
10b)(R
10c)、-N(R
10a)S(O)
2(R
10b)、-N R
10aS(O)
2N(R
10b)(R
10c)、-N R
10aS(O)
2O(R
10b)、-OC(O) R
10a、-OC(O)O R
10a、-OC(O)-N(R
10a)(R
10b)、-S-R
10a、-S(O) R
10a、-S(O)(NH) R
10a、-S(O)
2R
10a、-S(O)
2N(R
10a)(R
10b)、-S(O)(N R
10a) R
10b、或-Si(R
10a)
3;
其中各烷基、鹵烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、雜環基、芳基、或雜芳基可選地經一至四個R
5取代;
各R
5獨立地係C
1-9烷基、C
1-8鹵烷基、C
1-6烷氧基、C
1-6鹵烷氧基、C
2-6烷氧基烷基、C
2-6烯基、C
2-6炔基、C
3-15環烷基、鹵素、C
3-15環烷基、雜環基、C
6-10芳基、雜芳基、側氧基、-NO
2、-N
3、-CN、-O- R
10a、-C(O)- R
10a、-C(O)O- R
10a、-C(O)-N(R
10a)(R R
10b)、-N(R
10a)(R
10b)、-N(R
10a)C(O)- R
10b、-N(R
10a)C(O)O- R
10b、-N(R
10a)C(O)N(R
10b)(R
10c)、-N(R
10a)S(O)
2(R
10b)、-N R
10aS(O)
2N(R
10b)(R
10c)、-N R
10aS(O)
2O(R
10b)、-OC(O) R
10a、-OC(O)O R
10a、-OC(O)-N(R
10a)(R
10b)、-S-R
10a、-S(O) R
10a、-S(O)(NH) R
10a、-S(O)
2R
10a、-S(O)
2N(R
10a)(R
10b)、-S(O)(N R
10a) R
10b、或-Si(R
10a)
3,
其中各烷基、鹵烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、雜環基、芳基、或雜芳基可選地經一至四個R
6取代;
各R
6獨立地係C
1-9烷基、C
1-8鹵烷基、C
2-6烯基、C
2-6炔基、鹵素、C
3-15環烷基、雜環基、C
6-10芳基、雜芳基、側氧基、-OH、-CN、-NO
2、-NH
2、-N
3、-SH、-O(C
1-9烷基)、-O(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-O(C
2-6烯基)、-O(C
2-6炔基)、-O(C
3-15環烷基)、-O(雜環基)、-O(C
6-10芳基)、-O(雜芳基)、-NH(C
1-9烷基)、-NH(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-NH(C
2-6烯基)、-NH (C
2-6炔基)、-NH(C
3-15環烷基)、-NH(雜環基)、-NH(C
6-10芳基)、-NH(雜芳基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)
2、-N(C
1-8鹵烷基)
2、-N(C
2-6烯基)
2、-N(C
2-6炔基)
2、-N(C
3-15環烷基)
2、-N(雜環基)
2、-N(C
6-10芳基)
2、-N(雜芳基)
2、-N(C
1-9烷基)(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)(C
2-6烯基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)(C
2-6炔基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)(C
3-15環烷基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)(雜環基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)(C
6-10芳基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)(雜芳基)、-C(O)(C
1-9烷基)、-C(O)(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-C(O)(C
2-6烯基)、-C(O)(C
2-6炔基)、-C(O)(C
3-15環烷基)、-C(O)(雜環基)、-C(O)(C
6-10芳基)、-C(O)(雜芳基)、-C(O)O(C
1-9烷基)、-C(O)O(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-C(O)O(C
2-6烯基)、-C(O)O(C
2-6炔基)、-C(O)O(C
3-15環烷基)、-C(O)O(雜環基)、-C(O)O(C
6-10芳基)、-C(O)O(雜芳基)、-C(O)NH
2、-C(O)NH(C
1-9烷基)、-C(O)NH(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-C(O)NH(C
2-6烯基)、-C(O)NH(C
2-6炔基)、-C(O)NH(C
3-15環烷基)、-C(O)NH(雜環基)、-C(O)NH(C
6-10芳基)、-C(O)NH(雜芳基)、-C(O)N(C
1-9烷基)
2、-C(O)N(C
1-8鹵烷基)
2、-C(O)N(C
2-6烯基)
2、-C(O)N(C
2-6炔基)
2、-C(O)N(C
3-15環烷基)
2、-C(O)N(雜環基)
2、-C(O)N(C
6-10芳基)
2、-C(O)N(雜芳基)
2、-NHC(O)(C
1-9烷基)、-NHC(O)(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-NHC(O)(C
2-6烯基)、-NHC(O)(C
2-6炔基)、-NHC(O)(C
3-15環烷基)、-NHC(O)(雜環基)、-NHC(O)(C
6-10芳基)、-NHC(O)(雜芳基)、-NHC(O)O(C
1-9烷基)、-NHC(O)O(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-NHC(O)O(C
2-6烯基)、-NHC(O)O(C
2-6炔基)、-NHC(O)O(C
3-15環烷基)、-NHC(O)O(雜環基)、-NHC(O)O(C
6-10芳基)、-NHC(O)O(雜芳基)、-NHC(O)NH(C
1-9烷基)、-NHC(O)NH(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-NHC(O)NH(C
2-6烯基)、-NHC(O)NH(C
2-6炔基)、-NHC(O)NH(C
3-15環烷基)、-NHC(O)NH(雜環基)、-NHC(O)NH(C
6-10芳基)、-NHC(O)NH(雜芳基)、-NHS(O)(C
1-9烷基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)(S(O)(C
1-9烷基)、-S(C
1-9烷基)、-S(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-S(C
2-6烯基)、-S(C
2-6炔基)、-S(C
3-15環烷基)、-S (雜環基)、-S(C
6-10芳基)、-S(雜芳基)、-S(O)N(C
1-9烷基)
2、-S(O)(C
1-9烷基)、-S(O)(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-S(O)(C
2-6烯基)、-S(O)(C
2-6炔基)、-S(O)(C
3-15環烷基)、-S(O)(雜環基)、-S(O)(C
6-10芳基)、-S(O)(雜芳基)、-S(O)
2(C
1-9烷基)、-S(O)
2(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-S(O)
2(C
2-6烯基)、-S(O)
2(C
2-6炔基)、-S(O)
2(C
3-15環烷基)、-S(O)
2(雜環基)、-S(O)
2(C
6-10芳基)、-S(O)
2(雜芳基)、-S(O)(NH)(C
1-9烷基)、-S(O)
2NH(C
1-9烷基)、或-S(O)
2N(C
1-9烷基)
2,
其中各烷基、環烷基、雜環基、芳基、或雜芳基可選地經1至3個C
1-9烷基、C
1-8鹵烷基、鹵素、-OH、-NH
2、CO
2H、-O(C
1-9烷基)、-O(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-O(C
3-15環烷基)、-O(雜環基)、-O(芳基)、-O(雜芳基)、-NH(C
1-9烷基)、-NH(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-NH(C
3-15環烷基)、-NH(雜環基)、-NH(芳基)、-NH(雜芳基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)
2、-N(C
3-15環烷基)
2、-NHC(O)(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-NHC(O)(C
3-15環烷基)、-NHC(O)(雜環基)、-NHC(O)(芳基)、-NHC(O)(雜芳基)、-NHC(O)O(C
1-9烷基)、-NHC(O)O(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-NHC(O)O(C
2-6炔基)、-NHC(O)O(C
3-15環烷基)、-NHC(O)O(雜環基)、-NHC(O)O(芳基)、-NHC(O)O(雜芳基)、-NHC(O)NH(C
1-9烷基)、S(O)
2(C
1-9烷基)、-S(O)
2(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-S(O)
2(C
3-15環烷基)、-S(O)
2(雜環基)、-S(O)
2(芳基)、-S(O)
2(雜芳基)、-S(O)(NH)(C
1-9烷基)、-S(O)
2NH(C
1-9烷基)、或-S(O)
2N(C
1-9烷基)
2取代,
其中該烷基或雜環基各可選地經一至四個鹵素取代;
各R
7a及R
7b獨立地係-H、C
1-6烷基、或鹵素,
各R
9a及R
9b獨立地係H、C
1-6烷基、或C
1-6鹵烷基,或R
9a與R
9b一起形成6員雜環基;
各R
9c、R
9d、R
10a、R
10b、及R
10c獨立地係H、C
1-9烷基、C
2-6烯基、C
2-6炔基、C
3-15環烷基、雜環基、C
6-10芳基、或雜芳基,其中該烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、雜環基、芳基、或雜芳基各自可選地經一至四個R
6取代;
其中各雜環基具有三至十二個環成員,且具有一至四個各獨立地係N、O、或S之雜原子,且
其中各雜芳基具有五至十二個環成員及一至四個各獨立地係N、O、或S之雜原子。
本揭露進一步提供醫藥組成物、方法、及用途,其包含式(I)之化合物、或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。例如,本揭露之化合物通常可用於治療GLP-1R介導之疾病或病況的方法中。
I.
定義
除非另有定義,否則本文中所使用之所有技術及科學用語具有與所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者一般理解的意義相同。化學基團前端或末端的破折號係為了方便指示與母體部份的附接點;化學基團可用或不用一或多個破折號描繪,而不失去其通常意義。諸如「C
u-v」或「C
u-C
v」之前綴指示後述基團具有u至v個碳原子,其中u及v係整數。例如,「C
1-6烷基」或「C
1-C
6烷基」指示烷基具有1至6個碳原子。
「烷基(alkyl)」係單價或二價直鏈或支鏈飽和烴自由基。例如,烷基可具有1至10個碳原子(亦即C
1-10烷基)、或1至8個碳原子(亦即C
1-8烷基)、或1至6個碳原子(亦即C
1-6烷基)、或1至4個碳原子(亦即C
1-4烷基)。烷基之實例包括但不限於甲基(Me, -CH
3)、乙基(Et, -CH
2CH
3)、1-丙基(
n-Pr、
n-丙基、-CH
2CH
2CH
3)、2-丙基(
i-Pr、
i-丙基、-CH(CH
3)
2)、1-丁基(
n-Bu、
n-丁基、-CH
2CH
2CH
2CH
3)、2-甲基-1-丙基(
i-Bu、
i-丁基、-CH
2CH(CH
3)
2)、2-丁基(
s-Bu、
s-丁基-CH(CH
3)CH
2CH
3)、2-甲基-2-丙基(
t-Bu、
t-丁基、-C(CH
3)
3)、1-戊基(
n-戊基、-CH
2CH
2CH
2CH
2CH
3)、2-戊基(-CH(CH
3)CH
2CH
2CH
3)、3-戊基(-CH(CH
2CH
3)
2)、2-甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH
3)
2CH
2CH
3)、3-甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH
3)CH(CH
3)
2)、3-甲基-1-丁基(-CH
2CH
2CH(CH
3)
2)、2-甲基-1-丁基(-CH
2CH(CH
3)CH
2CH
3)、1-己基(-CH
2CH
2CH
2CH
2CH
2CH
3)、2-己基(-CH(CH
3)CH
2CH
2CH
2CH
3)、3-己基(-CH(CH
2CH
3)(CH
2CH
2CH
3))、2-甲基-2-戊基(-C(CH
3)
2CH
2CH
2CH
3)、3-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH
3)CH(CH
3)CH
2CH
3)、4-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH
3)CH
2CH(CH
3)
2)、3-甲基-3-戊基(-C(CH
3)(CH
2CH
3)
2)、2-甲基-3-戊基(-CH(CH
2CH
3)CH(CH
3)
2)、2,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH
3)
2CH(CH
3)
2)、3,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH
3)C(CH
3)
3、及辛基(-(CH
2)
7CH
3)。烷基可未經取代或經取代。
「烷氧基(alkoxy)」係指基團–O-烷基,其中烷基係如上所定義。例如,C
1-4烷氧基係指具有1至4個碳之-O-烷基。烷氧基可未經取代或經取代。
「烷氧基烷基(alkoxyalkyl)」係附接至如上所定義之烷基的烷氧基,使得該烷基係二價。例如,C
2-6烷氧基烷基包括–CH
2-OMe、–CH
2-O-iPr、–CH
2-CH
2-OMe、–CH
2-CH
2-O-CH
2-CH
3、及–CH
2-CH
2-O-tBu。烷氧基烷基可未經取代或經取代。
「羥烷基(hydroxyalkyl)」係附接至如上所定義之烷基的羥基,使得該烷基係二價。例如,C
1-6羥烷基包括–CH
2-OH、及–CH
2-CH
2-OH。羥烷基可未經取代或經取代。
「烯基(alkenyl)」係具有至少一個碳-碳雙鍵之單價或二價直鏈或支鏈烴自由基。例如,烯基可具有2至8個碳原子(亦即C
2-8烯基)、或2至6個碳原子(亦即C
2-6烯基)、或2至4個碳原子(亦即C
2-4烯基)。烯基之實例包括但不限於乙烯基(-CH=CH
2)、烯丙基(-CH
2CH=CH
2)、及–CH
2-CH=CH-CH
3。烯基可未經取代或經取代。
「炔基(alkynyl)」係具有至少一個碳-碳參鍵之單價或二價直鏈或支鏈烴自由基。例如,炔基可具有2至8個碳原子(亦即C
2-8炔基)、或2至6個碳原子(亦即C
2-6炔基)、或2至4個碳原子(亦即C
2-4炔基)。炔基之實例包括但不限於乙炔基(-C≡CH)、炔丙基(-CH
2C≡CH)、及–CH
2-C≡C-CH
3。炔基可未經取代或經取代。
「鹵素(halogen)」係指氟基(-F)、氯基(-Cl)、溴基(-Br)、及碘基(-I)。
「鹵烷基(haloalkyl)」係如本文中所定義之烷基,其中烷基之一或多個氫原子獨立地被可為相同或不同的鹵素置換,使得烷基係二價。烷基及鹵素可係上述者中之任一者。在一些實施例中,鹵烷基定義烷基部分中之碳原子數,例如C
1-4鹵烷基包括CF
3、CH
2F、CHF
2、CH
2CF
3、CH
2CH
2CF
3、CCl
2CH
2CH
2CH
3、及C(CH
3)
2(CF
2H)。鹵烷基可未經取代或經取代。
「鹵烷氧基(haloalkoxy)」係如本文中所定義之烷氧基,其中烷氧基中烷基之一或多個氫原子獨立地被可為相同或不同的鹵素置換,使得烷基係二價。烷氧基及鹵素可係上述者中之任一者。在一些實施例中,鹵烷氧基定義烷基部分中之碳原子數,例如C
1-4鹵烷氧基包括OCF
3、OCH
2F、OCH
2CF
3、OCH
2CH
2CF
3、OCCl
2CH
2CH
2CH
3、及OC(CH
3)
2(CF
2H)。鹵烷氧基可未經取代或經取代。
「環烷基(cycloalkyl)」係單價或二價之單一全碳環或多縮合全碳環系統,其中各例子中之環係非芳族飽和或不飽和環。例如,在一些實施例中,環烷基具有3至12個碳原子、3至10個碳原子、3至8個碳原子、3至6個碳原子、3至5個碳原子、或3至4個碳原子。例示性單環環烷基包括環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環己烯基、環庚基、環庚烯基、及環辛基。環烷基亦包括多縮合環系統(例如包含2個環之環系統),其具有約7至12個碳原子。當價數要求允許時,多縮合環系統之環可經由稠合、螺、或橋聯鍵彼此連接。例示性多環環烷基包括八氫并環戊二烯(octahydropentalene)、雙環[2.2.1]庚烷、雙環[2.2.2]辛烷、雙環[2.2.2]辛-2-烯、及螺[2.5]辛烷。環烷基可未經取代或經取代。
「烷基環烷基(alkylcycloalkyl)」係指如本文中所定義之烷基,其中烷基之一或多個氫原子獨立地被可為相同或不同的環烷基置換。烷基及環烷基可係上述者中之任一者。在一些實施例中,烷基及環烷基部分中之碳原子數可分別指定,例如C
1-6烷基-C
3-12環烷基。烷基環烷基可未經取代或經取代。
如本文中所使用,「芳基(aryl)」係指單價或二價之單一全碳芳族環或多縮合全碳環系統(其中該環係芳族)。例如,在一些實施例中,芳基具有6至20個碳原子、6至14個碳原子、6至12個碳原子、或6至10個碳原子。芳基包括苯基自由基。芳基亦包括多縮合環系統(例如包含2、3、或4個環之環系統),其具有約9至20個碳原子,其中多個環係芳族。當價數要求允許時,多縮合環系統之環可經由稠合鍵彼此連接。亦理解的是,當提及某一原子範圍之員芳基(例如6至10員芳基)時,原子範圍係針對芳基之總環原子。例如,6員芳基會包括苯基,且10員芳基會包括萘基。芳基之非限制性實例包括但不限於苯基、萘基、蒽基、及類似者。芳基可未經取代或經取代。
「烷基芳基(alkylaryl)」係指如本文中所定義之烷基,其中烷基之一或多個氫原子獨立地被可為相同或不同的芳基置換。烷基及芳基可係上述者中之任一者,使得烷基係二價。在一些實施例中,烷基芳基具有7至24個碳原子、7至16個碳原子、7至13個碳原子、或7至11個碳原子。由碳原子數定義之烷基芳基係指構成的烷基及芳基組合中存在之碳原子總數。例如,C
7烷基芳基係指苄基,而C
11烷基芳基包括1-甲基萘基及正戊基苯基。在一些實施例中,烷基及芳基部分中之碳原子數可分別指定,例如C
1-6烷基-C
6-10芳基。烷基芳基之非限制性實例包括但不限於苄基、2,2-二甲基苯基、正戊基苯基、1-甲基萘基、2-乙基萘基、及類似者。烷基芳基可未經取代或經取代。
如本文中所使用,「雜環基(heterocyclyl)」或「雜環(heterocycle)」或「雜環烷基(heterocycloalkyl)」係指單一飽和或部分不飽和之非芳族環或非芳族多環系統,其在環中具有至少一個雜原子(亦即至少一個選自氧、氮、及硫之環形(annular)(亦即環狀(ring-shaped))雜原子)。除非另有指明,否則雜環基具有3至約20個環形原子,例如3至12個環形原子,例如4至12個環形原子、4至10個環形原子、或3至8個環形原子、或3至6個環形原子、或3至5個環形原子、或4至6個環形原子、或4至5個環形原子。因此,用語包括在環中具有約1至6個環形碳原子及約1至3個環形雜原子之單一飽和或部分不飽和環(例如3、4、5、6、或7員環),該等環形雜原子係選自由氧、氮、及硫所組成之群組。當價數要求允許時,多縮合環(例如雙環雜環基)系統之環可經由稠合、螺、及橋聯鍵彼此連接。雜環包括但不限於吖呾、氮丙啶、咪唑啶、嗎啉、環氧乙烷(環氧化物)、氧呾、硫呾、哌
、哌啶、吡唑啶、哌啶、吡咯啶、吡咯啶酮、四氫呋喃、四氫噻吩、二氫吡啶、四氫吡啶、
啶、2-氧雜-6-氮雜螺[3.3]庚-6-基、6-氧雜-1-氮雜螺[3.3]庚-1-基、2-硫-6-氮雜螺[3.3]庚-6-基、2,6-二氮雜螺[3.3]庚-2-基、2-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己-2-基、3-氮雜雙環[3.1.0]己基、2-氮雜雙環[2.1.1]己基、2-氮雜雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-基、4-氮雜螺[2.4]庚基、5-氮雜螺[2.4]庚基、及類似者。雜環基可未經取代或經取代。
「烷基雜環基(alkylheterocyclyl)」係指如本文中所定義之烷基,其中烷基之一或多個氫原子獨立地被可為相同或不同的雜環基置換。烷基及雜環基可係上述者中之任一者,使得烷基係二價。在一些實施例中,烷基及雜環基部分中之原子數可分別指定,例如C
1-6烷基-3至12員雜環基,其具有一至三個各獨立地係N、O、或S之雜原子。烷基雜環基可未經取代或經取代。
「雜芳基(heteroaryl)」係指在環中具有至少一個碳以外之原子的單一芳族環,其中該原子係選自由氧、氮、及硫所組成之群組;「雜芳基(heteroaryl)」亦包括具有至少一個此類芳族環之多縮合環系統,多縮合環系統係進一步描述於下。因此,「雜芳基」包括約1至6個碳原子及約1至4個選自由氧、氮、及硫所組成之群組的雜原子之單一芳族環。硫及氮原子亦可以氧化形式存在,前提是環係芳族。例示性雜芳基環系統包括但不限於吡啶基、嘧啶基、
唑基、或呋喃基。「雜芳基(heteroaryl)」亦包括多縮合環系統(例如包含2、3、或4個環之環系統),其中雜芳基如上文所定義係與一或多個選自雜芳基(以形成例如1,8-
啶基)及芳基(以形成例如苯并咪唑基或吲唑基)之環縮合,以形成多縮合環系統。因此,雜芳基(單一芳族環或多縮合環系統)可在雜芳基環內具有約1至20個碳原子及約1至6個雜原子。例如,四唑基在環內具有1個碳原子及4個氮雜原子。當價數要求允許時,多縮合環系統之環可經由稠合鍵彼此連接。應理解的是,多縮合環系統之個別環可相對於彼此以任何順序連接。應理解的是,雜芳基或雜芳基多縮合環系統之附接點可在雜芳基或雜芳基多縮合環系統之任何合適原子處,包括碳原子及雜原子(例如氮)。亦應理解的是,當提及某一原子範圍之員雜芳基(例如5至10員雜芳基)時,原子範圍係針對雜芳基之總環原子,且包括碳原子及雜原子。亦應理解的是,多縮合環系統之環可包括稠合至具有飽和或部分不飽和鍵之雜環(例如3、4、5、6、或7員環)的芳族環,該雜環在環中具有約1至6個環形碳原子及約1至3個選自由氧、氮、及硫所組成之群組的環形雜原子。例如,5員雜芳基包括噻唑基,且10員雜芳基包括喹啉基。例示性雜芳基包括但不限於吡啶基、吡咯基、吡
基、嘧啶基、嗒
基、吡唑基、噻吩基、吲哚基、咪唑基、
唑基、異
唑基、噻唑基、呋喃基、
二唑基、噻二唑基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、苯并噻唑基、苯并
唑基、吲唑基、喹
啉基(quinoxalyl)、喹唑啉基(quinazolyl)、苯并呋喃基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻吩基(thianaphthenyl)、吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶基、喹唑啉基-4(3H)-酮、三唑基、及四唑基。雜芳基可未經取代或經取代。
「烷基雜芳基(alkylheteroaryl)」係指如本文中所定義之烷基,其中烷基之一或多個氫原子獨立地被可為相同或不同的雜芳基置換,使得烷基係二價。烷基及雜芳基可係上述者中之任一者。在一些實施例中,烷基及雜芳基部分中之原子數係分別指定,例如C
1-6烷基-5至10員雜芳基,其具有一至四個各獨立地係N、O、或S之雜原子。烷基雜芳基可未經取代或經取代。
如本文中所使用,「側氧基(oxo)」係指=O。
如本文中所使用,「經取代(substituted)」係指其中基團之一或多個氫原子獨立地被一或多個所指示之取代基(例如1、2、3、或4或更多個)置換。
「本揭露之化合物(compound of the present disclosure)」包括本文所揭示之化合物,例如本揭露之化合物包括式(I-A)之化合物,包括實例之化合物。在一些實施例中,「本揭露之化合物」包括式(I-A)之化合物。
「醫藥上可接受之賦形劑」包括但不限於任何的佐藥、載劑、賦形劑、助滑劑、甜味劑、稀釋劑、防腐劑、染料/著色劑、增味劑、界面活性劑、潤濕劑、分散劑、懸浮劑、穩定劑、等張劑、溶劑、或乳化劑,其已經美國食品藥物管理局(United States Food and Drug Administration)核准可用於人類或馴養動物。
如本文中所使用,「治療有效量(therapeutically effective amount)」或「有效量(effective amount)」係指有效誘發所欲生物或醫療反應的量,包括當向對象投予以治療疾病時足以影響此類疾病治療的化合物之量。有效量將取決於化合物、疾病及其嚴重性、及待治療對象之年齡、體重等而變化。有效量可包括一範圍的量。如所屬技術領域中所理解,有效量可係一或多個劑量,亦即可需要單劑量或多劑量來達成所欲的治療終點。在投予一或多種治療劑之情況下可考慮有效量,且如果搭配一或多種其他藥劑可達成或達成所欲或有益結果,則可考慮給予有效量之單一藥劑。任何共投化合物之合適劑量可因化合物之組合作用(例如累加或協同效應)而可選地降低。
如本文中所使用,「共投予(co-administration)」係指在投予單位劑量的一或多種額外治療劑之前或之後,投予單位劑量的本文所揭示之化合物,例如在投予一或多種額外治療劑之數秒、數分鐘、或數小時內投予本文所揭示之化合物。例如,在一些實施例中,先投予單位劑量的本揭露之化合物,接著在數秒或數分鐘內投予單位劑量的一或多種額外治療劑。替代地,在其他實施例中,先投予單位劑量的一或多種額外治療劑,接著在數秒或數分鐘內投予單位劑量的本揭露之化合物。在一些實施例中,先投予單位劑量的本揭露之化合物,接著在數小時(例如1至12小時)期間之後,投予單位劑量的一或多種額外治療劑。在其他實施例中,先投予單位劑量的一或多種額外治療劑,接著在數小時(例如1至12小時)期間之後,投予單位劑量的本揭露之化合物。本文所揭示之化合物與一或多種額外治療劑之共投予通常係指同時或依序投予本文所揭示之化合物及一或多種額外治療劑,使得治療有效量的各藥劑存在於對象體內。
亦提供本文所述之化合物的醫藥上可接受之鹽、水合物、溶劑合物、互變異構形式、同質多形體、及前藥。「醫藥上可接受(pharmaceutically acceptable)」或「生理上可接受(physiologically acceptable)」係指適用於動物醫藥或人類醫藥用途的化合物、鹽、組成物、劑型、及其他可用於製備醫藥組成物之材料。
本文所述之化合物可經製備及/或調配為醫藥上可接受之鹽或游離鹼(當適當時)。醫藥上可接受之鹽係化合物之游離鹼形式的無毒性鹽,其具備游離鹼之所欲藥理活性。此等鹽可衍生自無機或有機酸或鹼。例如,含有鹼性氮之化合物可藉由使化合物與無機或有機酸接觸而製備為醫藥上可接受之鹽。醫藥上可接受之鹽之非限制性實例包括:硫酸鹽、焦硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、亞硫酸鹽、亞硫酸氫鹽、磷酸鹽、單氫-磷酸鹽、二氫磷酸鹽、偏磷酸鹽、焦磷酸鹽、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、醋酸鹽、丙酸鹽、癸酸鹽、辛酸鹽、丙烯酸酯、蟻酸鹽、異丁酸鹽、己酸鹽、庚酸鹽、丙炔酸鹽、草酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、栓酸鹽、癸二酸鹽、丁烯二酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、丁炔-1,4-二酸鹽、己炔-1,6-二酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、氯苯甲酸鹽、甲基苯甲酸鹽、二硝苯甲酸鹽、羥苯甲酸鹽、甲氧基苯甲酸鹽、苯二甲酸鹽、磺酸鹽、甲基磺酸鹽、丙基磺酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、二甲苯磺酸鹽、萘-1-磺酸鹽、萘-2-磺酸鹽、苯乙酸鹽、苯丙酸鹽、苯丁酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、乳酸鹽、γ-羥基丁酸鹽、甘醇酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、及杏仁酸鹽。其他合適的醫藥上可接受之鹽的清單係見於Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21
stEdition, Lippincott Wiliams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa., 2006。
本文所揭示之化合物的「醫藥上可接受之鹽(pharmaceutically acceptable salt)」之實例亦包括衍生自適當的鹼之鹽,適當的鹼諸如鹼金屬(例如鈉、鉀)、鹼土金屬(例如鎂)、銨、及N(C
1≡C
4烷基)
4 +。亦包括鹼加成鹽,諸如鈉或鉀鹽。
亦提供本文所述之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、異構物、或混合物,其中附接至碳原子之1至n個氫原子可被氘原子或D置換,其中n係分子中之氫原子數。如所屬技術領域中已知,氘原子係氫原子之非放射性同位素。當投予至哺乳動物時,此類化合物可增加對代謝之抗性,並因此可用於增加本文所述之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、異構物、或混合物的半衰期。參見例如Foster,「Deuterium Isotope Effects in Studies of Drug Metabolism」,Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 5(12):524-527 (1984)。此類化合物係藉由所屬技術領域中熟知的手段合成,例如藉由採用其中一或多個氫原子已被氘置換的起始材料。
可併入所揭示化合物的同位素之實例亦包括氫、碳、氮、氧、磷、氟、氯、及碘之同位素,諸如分別為
2H、
3H、
11C、
13C、
14C、
13N、
15N、
15O、
17O、
18O、
31P、
32P、
35S、
18F、
36Cl、
123I、及
125I。用發射正子的同位素(諸如
11C、
18F、
15O、及
13N)進行之取代可用於正子發射斷層造影(Positron Emission Topography, PET)研究中,以用於檢查受質受體佔有率。式(I-A)之經同位素標示之化合物通常可藉由所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者已知的習知技術或藉由類似於如下所提出之實例中所述之程序,使用適當的經同位素標示之試劑代替先前所採用之未經標示試劑來製備。
本文所揭示之實施例之化合物、或其醫藥上可接受之鹽可含有一或多個不對稱中心,並因此可產生鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、及其他立體異構形式,其等可依絕對立體化學定義為(
R)-或(
S)-、或針對胺基酸定義為(D)-或(L)-。本揭露意欲包括所有此類可能的異構物、以及其外消旋及光學純形式。光學活性(+)及(-)、(
R)-及(
S)-、或(D)-及(L)-異構物可使用掌性合成組元(synthon)或掌性試劑製備,或使用例如層析法及分段結晶之習知技術解析。用於製備/單離個別鏡像異構物的習知技術包括使用例如掌性高壓液相層析法(high pressure liquid chromatography, HPLC),由合適的光學純前驅物進行掌性合成或解析外消旋物(或鹽或衍生物的外消旋物)。當本文所述之化合物含有烯烴雙鍵或其他幾何不對稱中心時,除非另有指明,否則意指該等化合物包括E及Z幾何異構物兩者。同樣地,亦意欲包括所有互變異構形式。當化合物以其掌性形式表示時,應理解的是實施例涵蓋但不限於特定的非鏡像異構或鏡像異構富集形式。當掌性未指定但存在時,應理解的是實施例係關於特定的非鏡像異構或鏡像異構富集形式;或此種(此類)化合物之外消旋或非外消混合物。如本文中所使用,「非外消旋混合物(scalemic mixture)」係立體異構物之比例非1:1之混合物。
如本文中所使用,「立體異構物(stereoisomer)」係指由相同鍵所鍵結之相同原子構成但具有不同三維結構的化合物,該等化合物係不可互換的。本揭露設想各種立體異構物及其混合物且包括「鏡像異構物(enantiomer)」,其係指兩個立體異構物的分子係彼此之不可重疊鏡像。
如本文中所使用,「互變異構物(tautomer)」係指從分子之一個原子至相同分子之另一原子的質子偏移。在一些實施例中,本揭露包括該等化合物之互變異構物。
如本文中所使用,「溶劑合物(solvate)」係指溶劑與化合物之交互作用的結果。亦提供本文所述之化合物的鹽之溶劑合物。亦提供本文所述之化合物的水合物。
如本文中所使用,「水合物(hydrate)」係指與一或多個水分子化學締合的本揭露之化合物。
「預防(prevention/preventing)」意指造成疾病或病況之臨床症狀不發展的疾病或病況之任何治療。在一些實施例中,化合物可投予至對象(包括人類),該對象處於風險或具有疾病或病況之家族病史。
如本文中所使用,「前藥(prodrug)」係指在投予至人體後,根據某種化學或酶途徑轉化為母體藥物的藥物之衍生物。在一些實施例中,前藥係藥物之無生物活性衍生物,其在投予至人體後,根據某種化學或酶途徑轉化為具有生物活性的母體藥物。
如本文中所使用之「治療(treatment/treat/treating)係指用於獲得有益或所欲結果之方法。出於本揭露之目的,有益或所欲結果包括但不限於症狀減輕、及/或症狀程度減小、及/或預防與疾病或病況相關之症狀的惡化。在一個實施例中,「治療(treatment或treating)」包括下列中之一或多者:a)抑制疾病或病況(例如減少一或多種疾病或病況所致之症狀、及/或減小疾病或病況的程度);b)延緩或停止與疾病或病況相關聯之一或多個症狀的發展(例如穩定疾病或病況、延遲疾病或病況的惡化或進展);及c)和緩疾病或病況,例如造成臨床症狀消退、改善疾病狀態、延遲疾病進展、提高生活品質、及/或延長存活。如本文中所使用之「具有風險之個體(at risk individual)」係指具有發展待治療之病況之風險的個體。「具有風險(at risk)」之個體可患有或可不患有可偵測之疾病或病況,且在本文所述之方法治療之前可展示或可不展示可偵測之疾病。「具有風險」表示個體具有一或多個所謂的風險因子,其係與疾病或病況之發展相關之可測量的參數且係所屬技術領域中已知。具有一或多個這些風險因子的個體比起不具有這些(多個)風險因子的個體具有較高發展疾病或病況之機率。
II. 化合物
在一些實施例中,本揭露之化合物係式(I)之化合物:
(I),
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中
R
1係
(a) 可選地經一至四個R
4取代之5員雜芳基,或
(b) 5員雜芳基,其中該雜芳基係稠合至具有零至三個雜原子之5員或6員環,該等雜原子各獨立地係N、O、或S,以形成稠合環系統,其中該稠合環系統可選地經一至四個R
4取代;
環A係可選地經一至三個R
A基團取代的
、
、
、或
,各R
A基團獨立地係C
1-6烷基、C
1-6鹵烷基、C
1-6烷氧基、C
1-6鹵烷氧基、鹵素、-OH、-CN、或N(R
10a)(R
10b);
環B係
、
、
、或
,
其等各自可選地經一至三個R
B基團取代,該等R
B基團各獨立地係C
1-6烷基或鹵素;
V係-C(R
7a)(R
7b)-;
R
2係H、C
1-6烷基、C
2-6炔基、C
1-6鹵烷基、C
3-10環烷基、雜環基、C
1-6烷基-C
3-10環烷基、C
1-6烷基-雜環基、或C
1-6烷基-雜芳基,其中烷基、炔基、環烷基、雜環基、或雜芳基各自可選地經一至四個Z
1取代,其中各Z
1獨立地係C
1-6烷基、C
1-6烷氧基、C
1-6羥烷基、C
2-6烷氧基烷基、鹵素、C
1-6鹵烷基、C
1-6鹵烷氧基、-OH、-CN、C
1-6烷基-CN、-O-C
3-6環烷基、或可選地經1至4個基團取代之雜芳基,該等基團各獨立地係C
1-6烷基、C
1-6烷氧基、鹵素、C
1-6鹵烷基、或C
1-6鹵烷氧基;
R
3係-C(O)OR
3a;
R
3a係H、C
1-4烷基-N(R
9a)(R
9b)、-C
1-4烷基-N(R
9a)C(O)-O-C
1-4烷基-OP(O)(OR
9c)
2、C
1-4烷基-C(O)N(R
9a)(R
9b)、-C
1-4烷基-O-C(O)-C
1-4烷基、-C
1-4烷基-O-C(O)-O-C
1-4烷基、-C
1-4烷基-O-C(O)-C
1-4烷基-N(R
9a)(R
9b)、-C
1-4烷基-O-C(O)-C
1-4烷基-OP(O)(OR
9c)
2、-CH
2CH(N(R
9a)
2)C(O)OR
9b、-P(O)(OR
9c)
2、-OP(O)(OR
9c)
2、-CH
2P(O)(OR
9c)
2、-CH
2OP(O)(OR
9c)
2、-OCH
2P(O)(OR
9c)
2、C(O)OCH
2P(O)(OR
9c)
2、-P(O)(R
9c)(OR
9d)、-OP(O)(R
9c)(OR
9d)、-CH
2P(O)(R
9c)(OR
9d)、-OCH
2P(O)(R
9c)(OR
9d)、-C(O)OCH
2P(O)(R
9c)(OR
9d)、-P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)
2、-OP(O)(N(R
9c)
2)
2、-CH
2P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)
2、-OCH
2P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)
2、-C(O)OCH
2P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)
2、-P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)(OR
9d)、-OP(O)(N(R
9c)
2)(OR
9d)、-CH
2P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)(OR
9d)、-OCH
2P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)(OR
9d)、-C(O)OCH
2P(O)(N(R
9c)
2)(OR
9d)、-P(O)(R
9c)(N(R
9d)
2)、-OP(O)(R
9c)(N(R
9d)
2)、-CH
2P(O)(R
9c)(N(R
9d)
2)、-OCH
2P(O)(R
9c)(N(R
9d)
2)、-C(O)OCH
2P(O)(R
9c)(N(R
9d)
2)、或C
1-6烷基-雜環基;
其中該烷基或雜環基各可選地經一至四個鹵素取代;
各R
4獨立地係C
1-9烷基、C
1-8鹵烷基、C
1-6烷氧基、C
1-6鹵烷氧基、C
2-6烷氧烷基、C
2-6烯基、C
2-6炔基、鹵素、C
3-15環烷基、雜環基、C
6-10芳基、雜芳基、側氧基、-NO
2、-N
3、-CN、-O-R
10a、-C(O)-R
10a、-C(O)O-R
10a、-C(O)-N(R
10a)(R
10b)、-N(R
10a)(R
10b)、-N(R
10a)
2(R
10b)
+、-N(R R
10a)C(O)-R
10b、-N(R
10a)C(O)O- R
10b、-N(R
10a)C(O)N(R
10b)(R
10c)、-N(R
10a)S(O)
2(R
10b)、-N R
10aS(O)
2N(R
10b)(R
10c)、-N R
10aS(O)
2O(R
10b)、-OC(O) R
10a、-OC(O)O R
10a、-OC(O)-N(R
10a)(R
10b)、-S-R
10a、-S(O) R
10a、-S(O)(NH) R
10a、-S(O)
2R
10a、-S(O)
2N(R
10a)(R
10b)、-S(O)(N R
10a) R
10b、或-Si(R
10a)
3;
其中各烷基、鹵烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、雜環基、芳基、或雜芳基可選地經一至四個R
5取代;
各R
5獨立地係C
1-9烷基、C
1-8鹵烷基、C
1-6烷氧基、C
1-6鹵烷氧基、C
2-6烷氧基烷基、C
2-6烯基、C
2-6炔基、C
3-15環烷基、鹵素、C
3-15環烷基、雜環基、C
6-10芳基、雜芳基、側氧基、-NO
2、-N
3、-CN、-O- R
10a、-C(O)- R
10a、-C(O)O- R
10a、-C(O)-N(R
10a)(R R
10b)、-N(R
10a)(R
10b)、
-N(R
10a)C(O)- R
10b、-N(R
10a)C(O)O- R
10b、-N(R
10a)C(O)N(R
10b)(R
10c)、-N(R
10a)S(O)
2(R
10b)、-N R
10aS(O)
2N(R
10b)(R
10c)、-N R
10aS(O)
2O(R
10b)、
-OC(O) R
10a、-OC(O)O R
10a、-OC(O)-N(R
10a)(R
10b)、-S-R
10a、-S(O) R
10a、
-S(O)(NH) R
10a、-S(O)
2R
10a、-S(O)
2N(R
10a)(R
10b)、-S(O)(N R
10a) R
10b、或-Si(R
10a)
3,
其中各烷基、鹵烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、雜環基、芳基、或雜芳基可選地經一至四個R
6取代;
各R
6獨立地係C
1-9烷基、C
1-8鹵烷基、C
2-6烯基、C
2-6炔基、鹵素、C
3-15環烷基、雜環基、C
6-10芳基、雜芳基、側氧基、-OH、-CN、-NO
2、-NH
2、-N
3、-SH、-O(C
1-9烷基)、-O(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-O(C
2-6烯基)、-O(C
2-6炔基)、-O(C
3-15環烷基)、-O(雜環基)、-O(C
6-10芳基)、-O(雜芳基)、-NH(C
1-9烷基)、-NH(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-NH(C
2-6烯基)、-NH (C
2-6炔基)、-NH(C
3-15環烷基)、-NH(雜環基)、-NH(C
6-10芳基)、-NH(雜芳基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)
2、-N(C
1-8鹵烷基)
2、-N(C
2-6烯基)
2、-N(C
2-6炔基)
2、-N(C
3-15環烷基)
2、-N(雜環基)
2、-N(C
6-10芳基)
2、-N(雜芳基)
2、-N(C
1-9烷基)(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)(C
2-6烯基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)(C
2-6炔基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)(C
3-15環烷基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)(雜環基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)(C
6-10芳基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)(雜芳基)、-C(O)(C
1-9烷基)、-C(O)(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-C(O)(C
2-6烯基)、-C(O)(C
2-6炔基)、-C(O)(C
3-15環烷基)、-C(O)(雜環基)、-C(O)(C
6-10芳基)、-C(O)(雜芳基)、-C(O)O(C
1-9烷基)、-C(O)O(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-C(O)O(C
2-6烯基)、-C(O)O(C
2-6炔基)、-C(O)O(C
3-15環烷基)、-C(O)O(雜環基)、-C(O)O(C
6-10芳基)、-C(O)O(雜芳基)、-C(O)NH
2、-C(O)NH(C
1-9烷基)、-C(O)NH(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-C(O)NH(C
2-6烯基)、-C(O)NH(C
2-6炔基)、-C(O)NH(C
3-15環烷基)、-C(O)NH(雜環基)、-C(O)NH(C
6-10芳基)、-C(O)NH(雜芳基)、-C(O)N(C
1-9烷基)
2、-C(O)N(C
1-8鹵烷基)
2、-C(O)N(C
2-6烯基)
2、-C(O)N(C
2-6炔基)
2、-C(O)N(C
3-15環烷基)
2、-C(O)N(雜環基)
2、-C(O)N(C
6-10芳基)
2、-C(O)N(雜芳基)
2、-NHC(O)(C
1-9烷基)、-NHC(O)(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-NHC(O)(C
2-6烯基)、-NHC(O)(C
2-6炔基)、-NHC(O)(C
3-15環烷基)、-NHC(O)(雜環基)、-NHC(O)(C
6-10芳基)、-NHC(O)(雜芳基)、-NHC(O)O(C
1-9烷基)、-NHC(O)O(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-NHC(O)O(C
2-6烯基)、-NHC(O)O(C
2-6炔基)、-NHC(O)O(C
3-15環烷基)、-NHC(O)O(雜環基)、-NHC(O)O(C
6-10芳基)、-NHC(O)O(雜芳基)、-NHC(O)NH(C
1-9烷基)、-NHC(O)NH(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-NHC(O)NH(C
2-6烯基)、-NHC(O)NH(C
2-6炔基)、-NHC(O)NH(C
3-15環烷基)、-NHC(O)NH(雜環基)、-NHC(O)NH(C
6-10芳基)、-NHC(O)NH(雜芳基)、-NHS(O)(C
1-9烷基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)(S(O)(C
1-9烷基)、-S(C
1-9烷基)、-S(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-S(C
2-6烯基)、-S(C
2-6炔基)、-S(C
3-15環烷基)、-S (雜環基)、-S(C
6-10芳基)、-S(雜芳基)、-S(O)N(C
1-9烷基)
2、-S(O)(C
1-9烷基)、-S(O)(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-S(O)(C
2-6烯基)、-S(O)(C
2-6炔基)、-S(O)(C
3-15環烷基)、-S(O)(雜環基)、-S(O)(C
6-10芳基)、-S(O)(雜芳基)、-S(O)
2(C
1-9烷基)、-S(O)
2(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-S(O)
2(C
2-6烯基)、-S(O)
2(C
2-6炔基)、-S(O)
2(C
3-15環烷基)、-S(O)
2(雜環基)、-S(O)
2(C
6-10芳基)、-S(O)
2(雜芳基)、-S(O)(NH)(C
1-9烷基)、-S(O)
2NH(C
1-9烷基)、或-S(O)
2N(C
1-9烷基)
2,
其中各烷基、環烷基、雜環基、芳基、或雜芳基可選地經1至3個C
1-9烷基、C
1-8鹵烷基、鹵素、-OH、-NH
2、CO
2H、-O(C
1-9烷基)、-O(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-O(C
3-15環烷基)、-O(雜環基)、-O(芳基)、-O(雜芳基)、-NH(C
1-9烷基)、-NH(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-NH(C
3-15環烷基)、-NH(雜環基)、-NH(芳基)、-NH(雜芳基)、-N(C
1-9烷基)
2、-N(C
3-15環烷基)
2、-NHC(O)(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-NHC(O)(C
3-15環烷基)、-NHC(O)(雜環基)、-NHC(O)(芳基)、-NHC(O)(雜芳基)、-NHC(O)O(C
1-9烷基)、-NHC(O)O(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-NHC(O)O(C
2-6炔基)、-NHC(O)O(C
3-15環烷基)、-NHC(O)O(雜環基)、-NHC(O)O(芳基)、-NHC(O)O(雜芳基)、-NHC(O)NH(C
1-9烷基)、S(O)
2(C
1-9烷基)、-S(O)
2(C
1-8鹵烷基)、-S(O)
2(C
3-15環烷基)、-S(O)
2(雜環基)、-S(O)
2(芳基)、-S(O)
2(雜芳基)、-S(O)(NH)(C
1-9烷基)、-S(O)
2NH(C
1-9烷基)、或-S(O)
2N(C
1-9烷基)
2取代,
其中該烷基或雜環基各可選地經一至四個鹵素取代;
各R
7a及R
7b獨立地係-H、C
1-6烷基、或鹵素,
各R
9a及R
9b獨立地係H、C
1-6烷基、或C
1-6鹵烷基,或R
9a與R
9b一起形成6員雜環基;
各R
9c、R
9d、R
10a、R
10b、及R
10c獨立地係H、C
1-9烷基、C
2-6烯基、C
2-6炔基、C
3-15環烷基、雜環基、C
6-10芳基、或雜芳基,其中該烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、雜環基、芳基、或雜芳基各自可選地經一至四個R
6取代;
其中各雜環基具有三至十二個環成員,且具有一至四個各獨立地係N、O、或S之雜原子;及
其中各雜芳基具有五至十二個環成員及一至四個各獨立地係N、O、或S之雜原子。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,R
1係可選地經一至四個R
4取代之5員雜芳基。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,R
1係
、
、
、
、
、
、
、
、或
,
其中下標m係0、1、2、或3。在一些實施例中,下標m係0。在一些實施例中,下標m係1。在一些實施例中,下標m係2。在一些實施例中,下標m係3。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,R
1係5員雜芳基,其中該雜芳基係稠合至具有零至三個各獨立地係N、O、或S之雜原子之5員或6員環,以形成稠合環系統,其中該稠合環系統可選地經一至四個R
4取代。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,R
1係
可選地經一至四個R
4取代。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,環A係
可選地經一至三個R
A基團取代之
、
、
、或
。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,環A係
可選地經一至三個R
A基團取代之
。
在一些實施例中,各R
A獨立地係C
1-6烷基、C
1-6鹵烷基、C
1-6烷氧基、C
1-6鹵烷氧基、鹵素、-OH、-CN、或N(R
10a)(R
10b)。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,環A係
。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,V係-CH
2-。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,環B係
、
、
、或
,其等各自可選地經一至三個R
B基團取代。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,環B係
或
,其等各自可選地經一至三個R
B基團取代。
在一些實施例中,R
B各獨立地係C
1-6烷基或鹵素。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,環B係
。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,R
2係C
1-6烷基、C
1-6烷基-C
3-10環烷基、雜環基、或C
1-6烷基-雜環基,其中各烷基或雜環基可選地經一至三個Z
1取代,該等Z
1各獨立地係C
1-6烷基、C
1-6烷氧基、鹵素、C
1-6鹵烷基、C
1-6鹵烷氧基、或C
1-6烷基-雜芳基。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,R
2係
、
、
、
、
、或
。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,R
2係
、或
。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,R
3係-C(O)OH。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,各R
4獨立地係C
1-9烷基、C
1-8鹵烷基、C
1-6烷氧基、C
1-6鹵烷氧基、C
2-6烷氧基烷基、C
2-6烯基、C
2-6炔基、鹵素、C
3-15環烷基、雜環基、C
6-10芳基、雜芳基、側氧基、-NO
2、-N
3、-CN、-O-R
12a、-C(O)-R
12a、-C(O)O-R
12a、-C(O)-N(R
12a)(R
12b)、-N(R
12a)(R
12b)、或-N(R
12a)2(R
12b)
+,
其中各烷基、鹵烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、雜環基、芳基、或雜芳基可選地經一至四個R
5取代。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,各R
4獨立地係C
1-9烷基、C
2-6炔基、C
1-8鹵烷基、鹵素、-CN、或-C(O)-N(R
12a)(R
12b)。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,R
5係可選地經一至三個C
1-9烷基取代之雜芳基或雜環。
在式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,其具有表2中之化合物之結構。
本文亦揭示本文所述之化合物的體內代謝產物,其係在此類產物相對於先前技術係新穎且不顯而易見的情況下。此類產物可產生自例如投予的化合物之氧化、還原、水解、醯胺化、酯化、及類似者,主要是由酶程序所致。因此,包括藉由包含以下之程序產生之新穎且不顯而易見的化合物:使化合物與哺乳動物接觸達一段足以產出其代謝產物的時間。此類產品一般係藉由以下方式識別:製備經放射標示(例如
14C或
3H)之化合物,將其以可偵測劑量(例如大於約0.5 mg/kg)向動物(諸如大鼠、小鼠、天竺鼠、猴、或人類)腸胃外投予,允許足夠的時間進行代謝(一般約30秒至30小時),並自尿液、血液、或其他生物樣本中單離其轉化產物。此等產品可容易地單離,因為彼等經標示(其他者係藉由使用能夠結合代謝物中存活之表位的抗體來單離)。代謝物結構係以習知方式判定,例如藉由MS或NMR分析。一般而言,代謝物之分析可以與所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所週知之習知藥物代謝研究相同之方式進行。轉化產物,只要其未於體內發現,即使其本身不具有GLP-1R活性,仍可實用於該化合物之治療劑量的診斷分析。
用於確定替代胃腸道分泌中化合物之穩定性的處方及方法係已知的。化合物在本文中係定義為在胃腸道中係穩定的,其中在37℃下培育1小時時,替代腸或胃液中小於約50莫耳百分比的經保護基團被去保護。僅因為化合物在胃腸道穩定並不意味著其等不能在體內水解。前藥通常在消化系統中係穩定的,但可能在消化腔、肝臟、肺、或其他代謝器官中、或細胞中實質上水解成母藥。如本文所用,前藥係理解為經化學設計以在通過口服遞送之生物障壁後,有效地釋放母藥之化合物。
III. 製備化合物之方法
本揭露之化合物可藉由所屬技術領域中已知的任何方法製備。下列例示性一般方法說明可用以獲得本揭露之化合物的途徑。
方案 1
中間物1.3可藉由以下方式組裝:使胺與中間物1.1(其中R係烷基、烷基芳基、或芳基)在合適的鹼(例如DIPEA、KOtBu等)存在下反應,以給出中間物1.2。可使用合適的還原條件(例如H
2及Pd/C、Fe及HCl等)將中間物1.2轉化為中間物1.3。
方案2
中間物2.1可藉由使類型1.3之中間物與2-氯-1,1,1-三甲氧基乙烷在合適的酸(例如pTSA、HCl、AcOH等)存在下反應來組裝。
方案3
中間物3.7可藉由以下方式組裝:先使類型3.1之中間物(其中Z係–CH=、-CX=、或-N=,X
1係鹵素或合適的離去基(例如-SO
2Me),且X
2係鹵素)與類型3.2之合適的醇在合適的鹼(例如DIPEA、KOtBu、NaH、Cs
2CO
3等)或過渡金屬催化劑(例如RockPhos Pd G3、JohnPhos、及Pd(OAc)
2等)、與鹼(例如Cs
2CO
3、K
2CO
3等)存在下反應,以給出中間物3.3。接著可經由與類型3.4之中間物偶合,將3.3轉化為3.5,其中M係合適的金屬物種(例如-B(OH)
2、-B-頻哪醇、-SnBu
3等),且Pg係合適的胺保護基(例如Boc),其使用過渡金屬催化劑(例如Pd(dppf)Cl
2、Pd(PPh
3)
4等)及合適的鹼(例如Cs
2CO
3、K
2CO
3等)。接著可經由H
2氣氛及合適的還原催化劑(例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)
2、PtO
2等)將3.5轉化為3.6,接著可經由酸處理(例如TFA、HCl等)將其去保護為中間物3.7。
方案4
替代地,中間物3.7可藉由以下方式組裝:使用過渡金屬催化劑(例如Pd(dppf)Cl
2、Pd(PPh
3)
4等)及合適的鹼(例如Cs
2CO
3、K
2CO
3等),先將4.1及3.4轉化為中間物4.2。可經由H
2氣氛及合適的還原催化劑(例如Pd/C、Pd(OH)
2、PtO
2等)將4.2轉化為4.3,之後可透過在合適的鹼(例如Cs
2CO
3、Ag
2CO
3等)存在下4.3與中間物4.4之反應而獲得中間物3.6。3.7可如先前所述自3.6獲得。
方案5
中間物5.3可首先藉由以下方式組裝:使類型3.3之中間物(其中X
2係鹵素)與經適當保護(例如Boc)的類型5.1之哌
在合適的鹼(例如Cs
2CO
3)、過渡金屬催化劑(例如Pd
2(dba)
3))、及配位基(例如BINAP)存在下反應,以給出中間物5.2。接著可經由酸處理(例如TFA、HCl等)將5.2去保護為中間物5.3。
方案6
中間物6.4可藉由以下方式組裝:使胺與中間物6.1(其中X係鹵化物,R係烷基、烷基芳基、或芳基)在合適的鹼(例如DIPEA、KOtBu等)存在下反應,以給出中間物6.2。可使用合適的還原條件(例如H
2及Pd/C、Fe及HCl等)將中間物6.2轉化為中間物6.3。接著可透過在合適的酸(例如pTSA、HCl、AcOH等)存在下6.3與2-氯-1,1,1-三甲氧基乙烷之反應而獲得中間物6.4。
方案7
中間物7.4可藉由以下方式組裝:使胺與中間物7.1(其中X係鹵化物,R係烷基、烷基芳基、或芳基)在合適的鹼(例如DIPEA、KOtBu等)存在下反應,以給出中間物7.2。可使用合適的還原條件(例如H
2及Pd/C、Fe及HCl等)將中間物7.2轉化為中間物7.3。接著可透過在合適的酸(例如pTSA、HCl、AcOH等)存在下7.3與2-氯-1,1,1-三甲氧基乙烷之反應而獲得中間物7.4。
方案8
8.3之化合物可藉由以下方式組裝:先使類型3.7及6.4之中間物在合適的鹼(例如Cs
2CO
3、K
2CO
3等)存在下反應,以給出中間物8.1。接著可將8.1與R11-M型之金屬化物種(其中M代表合適的金屬,例如-B(OH)
2、-B-頻哪醇、-SnBu
3等)在合適的過渡金屬催化劑(例如Pd(dppf)Cl
2、Pd(PPh
3)
4等)及合適的鹼(例如Cs
2CO
3、K
2CO
3等)存在下偶合,以給出中間物8.2。當R係-Me或-Et時,使用合適的-OH來源(例如KOH、LiOH等),或當R係-tBu時,使用合適的酸(例如HCl、TFA等)對8.2進行Filly處理將產出化合物8.3。
IV. 醫藥配方
在一些實施例中,本揭露提供一種醫藥組成物,其包含本揭露之化合物(例如式(I)之化合物)或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、及醫藥上可接受之載劑或賦形劑。
在本揭露之一些實施例中,醫藥組成物包含式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、及一或多種額外治療劑,如以下更完整闡述。
包含本文所揭示之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽的醫藥組成物可與一或多種醫藥上可接受之賦形劑一起製備,該等醫藥上可接受之賦形劑可根據常規實務選擇。錠劑可含有賦形劑,包括助流劑、填料、黏合劑、及類似者。水性組成物可以無菌形式製備,且當意欲藉由口服投予以外之方式遞送時通常可為等張的。在一些實施例中,組成物可含有賦形劑,諸如Rowe et al, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6
thedition, American Pharmacists Association, 2009中所述者。賦形劑可包括抗壞血酸及其他抗氧化劑、螯合劑(諸如EDTA)、碳水化合物(諸如糊精、羥烷基纖維素、羥烷基甲基纖維素)、硬脂酸、及類似者。在一些實施例中,組成物係以固體劑型提供,包括固體口服劑型。
組成物包括適用於各種投予途徑者,包括口服投予。組成物可以單位劑型呈現,且可藉由藥學技術領域中已知的任何方法製備。此類方法包括使活性成分(例如本揭露之化合物或其醫藥用鹽)與一或多種醫藥上可接受之賦形劑締合的步驟。組成物可藉由使活性成分與液體賦形劑、或細分固體賦形劑、或兩者均勻且緊密地締合來製備,接著若需要則將產物成形。技術及配方係通常見於Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21
stEdition, Lippincott Wiliams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa., 2006。
適用於口服投予的本文所述之組成物可以離散單位(單位劑型)呈現,包括但不限於膠囊、囊劑、或錠劑,各含有預定量的活性成分。在一個實施例中,本揭露之醫藥組成物係錠劑。
本文所揭示之醫藥組成物包含一或多種本文所揭示之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、連同醫藥上可接受之賦形劑及可選地其他治療劑。含有活性成分之醫藥組成物可呈任何適用於預期投予方法的形式。當例如用於口服用途時,可製備錠劑、喉錠(troche)、口含錠(lozenge)、水性或油性懸浮液、分散性粉劑或粒劑、乳液、硬或軟膠囊、糖漿、或酏劑。意欲用於口服用途之組成物可根據所屬技術領域中已知用於製造醫藥組成物之任何方法製備,且此類組成物可含有一或多種賦形劑,包括甜味劑、調味劑、著色劑、及保存劑,以提供適口(palatable)製劑。含有與適用於製造錠劑的無毒性醫藥上可接受之賦形劑混合的活性成分之錠劑係可接受的。此等賦形劑可例如係惰性稀釋劑,諸如碳酸鈣或碳酸鈉、乳糖、乳糖單水合物、交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉、普維酮、磷酸鈣或磷酸鈉;造粒及崩解劑,諸如玉米澱粉、或藻酸;黏合劑,諸如纖維素、微晶纖維素、澱粉、明膠、或阿拉伯膠;及潤滑劑,諸如硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸、或滑石。錠劑可未包衣或可藉由已知技術(包括微囊封)進行包衣,以延遲胃腸道中之崩解及吸收,藉以在較長期間內提供持續作用。例如,可採用時間延遲材料,諸如單獨單硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯或與蠟一起。
可與非活性成分組合以產生劑型的活性成分之量可取決於預期治療對象及投予模式而變化。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,用於口服投予至人類之劑型可含有約1至1000 mg之活性材料,其係以適當及合宜量之醫藥上可接受之賦形劑調配。在一些實施例中,醫藥上可接受之賦形劑佔總組成物之約5至約95%不等(重量:重量)。
在一些實施例中,在一個變型中包括本揭露之化合物、或其醫藥上可接受之鹽的組成物,不含有會影響活性成分之代謝速率的藥劑。因此,應理解,在一個態樣中包含本揭露之化合物的組成物不包含將影響(例如減緩、阻礙、或延緩)本揭露之化合物或與本揭露之化合物分開、依序或同時投予之任何其他活性成分之代謝的試劑。亦應理解,在本文的一個態樣中詳述之任何方法、套組、製造物品、及類似者皆不包含將影響(例如減緩、阻礙、或延緩)本揭露之化合物或與本揭露之化合物分開、依序或同時投予之任何其他活性成分之代謝的試劑。
在一些實施例中,上文所描述之醫藥組成物用於人類或動物。
本揭露進一步包括本揭示案之化合物,其用於投予做為醫藥上可接受之組合物之單一活性成分,其可藉由本領域中已知之習知方法製備,例如藉由使活性成分與醫藥上可接受之治療上惰性有機及/或無機載體或賦形劑結合或混合。
在一個態樣中,本文提供本揭露之化合物做為與已知藥物中之其他活性成分具有協同效應之第二或其他活性成分之用途,或本揭露之化合物與此類藥物一起投予。
本揭露之化合物亦可以前藥之形式或在體內釋放活性成分之其他適合經修飾之形式使用。
V. 投予途徑
本揭露之化合物(在本文中亦稱為活性成分)可藉由適用於待治療病況的任何途徑投予。合適的途徑包括口服、直腸、鼻、局部(包括經頰及舌下)、經皮、陰道、及腸胃外(包括皮下、肌內、靜脈內、皮內、腫瘤內、鞘內、及硬膜外)、及類似者。將理解的是,較佳途徑可隨例如接受者之病況而變化。本文所揭示之某些化合物的優點在於其等係口服生物可用的且可口服給藥。
本揭露之化合物可根據有效給藥方案向個體投予一段所欲的時間或持續時間,諸如至少約一個月、至少約2個月、至少約3個月、至少約6個月、或至少約12個月或更久。在一個變型中,在個體壽命之期間,以每日或間歇性排程投予化合物。
本揭露之化合物之劑量或給藥頻率可在治療過程中基於投予醫師之判斷調整。
化合物可以有效量投予至個體(例如人類)。在一些實施例中,化合物每日投予一次。
化合物可藉由任何可用的途徑及手段投予,諸如藉由口服或腸胃外(例如靜脈內)投予。化合物之治療有效量可包括每天約0.00001 mg/kg體重至每天約10 mg/kg體重,諸如每天約0.0001 mg/kg體重至每天約10 mg/kg體重,或諸如每天約0.001 mg/kg體重至每天約1 mg/kg體重,或諸如每天約0.01 mg/kg體重至每天約1 mg/kg體重,或諸如每天約0.05 mg/kg體重至每天約0.5 mg/kg體重,或諸如每天約0.3 mg至約30 mg,或諸如每天約30 mg至約300 mg。
本揭露之化合物可與一或多種額外治療劑以任何劑量的本揭露之化合物(例如1 mg至1000 mg的化合物)組合。治療有效量可包括每劑量約1 mg至每劑量約1000 mg,諸如每劑量約50 mg至每劑量約500 mg,或諸如每劑量約100 mg至每劑量約400 mg,或諸如每劑量約150 mg至每劑量約350 mg,或諸如每劑量約200 mg至每劑量約300 mg。本揭露之化合物的其他治療有效量係每劑量約100、125、150、175、200、225、250、275、300、325、350、375、400、425、450、475、或約500 mg。本揭露之化合物的其他治療有效量係每劑量約100 mg、或每劑量約125、150、175、200、225、250、275、300、350、400、450、或約500 mg。單劑量可每小時、每天、或每週投予。例如,單劑量可每1小時、2、3、4、6、8、12、16投予一次、或每24小時投予一次。單劑量亦可每1天、2、3、4、5、6投予一次、或每7天投予一次。單劑量亦可每1週、2、3投予一次、或每4週投予一次。在一些實施例中,單劑量可每週投予一次。單劑量亦可每月投予一次。
包含本揭露之化合物或其鏡像異構物或醫藥上可接受之鹽、或含有任何上述者之醫藥組成物的套組亦包括在本揭露中。在一個實施例中,套組進一步包括使用說明。在一個態樣中,套組包括本揭露之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、互變異構物、立體異構物、立體異構物之混合物、前藥、或氘化類似物、及化合物在治療適應症(諸如本文所述之疾病或病況)中的標籤及/或使用說明。在一個實施例中,提供套組,其包含本揭露之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、與一或多種(例如一、二、三、四、一或二、或一至三、或一至四種)額外治療劑之組合。
本文亦提供一種製品,其在合適的容器中包括本揭露之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、互變異構物、立體異構物、立體異構物之混合物、前藥、或氘化類似物。容器可係小瓶、罐子、安瓿、預載注射器、及靜脈內袋。
VI. 組合療法
在一些實施例中,本揭露之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽可與治療有效量的一或多種(例如一、二、三、四、一或二、一至三、或一至四種)額外治療劑組合。在一些實施例中,額外治療劑包含細胞凋亡信號調節激酶(ASK-1)抑制劑、類法尼醇X受體(farnesoid X receptor, FXR)促效劑、過氧化物酶體增殖物活化受體α(PPARα)促效劑、魚油、乙醯CoA羧酸酶(ACC)抑制劑、TGFβ拮抗劑、LPAR拮抗劑、SGLT2抑制劑、Tpl2抑制劑、或GLP-1促效劑與該等之組合。
組合之益處可係組分增加之功效及/或降低副作用,因為可向下調整該組分之劑量以減少其副作用,同時受益於由本揭露之化合物之功效增強的功效。
在一些實施例中,治療劑或治療劑之組合係ACE抑制劑、2-醯基甘油O-醯基轉移酶2 (DGAT2)抑制劑、乙醛去氫酶抑制劑、乙醯CoA羧酸酶抑制劑、腎上腺素受體促效劑、Alstrom症候群蛋白1(ALMS1)/PKC α蛋白質相互作用抑制劑、愛帕琳(Apelin)受體促效劑、二醯甘油O醯基轉移酶2抑制劑、腺苷A3受體促效劑、腺苷A3受體促效劑、脂聯素受體促效劑、醛去氫酶2刺激劑、AKT蛋白激酶抑制劑、AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、AMP激酶活化劑、ATP檸檬酸鹽解離酶抑制劑、AMP活化蛋白激酶刺激劑、內皮一氧化氮合成酶刺激劑、NAD依賴性去乙醯酶sirtuin-1刺激劑、腎上腺素受體拮抗劑、雄性激素受體促效劑、澱粉素(amylin)受體促效劑、血管緊張素II AT-1受體拮抗劑、心尖鈉依賴性膽汁酸轉運抑制劑、自噬蛋白調節劑、自分泌運動因子(autotaxin)抑制劑、Axl酪胺酸激酶受體抑制劑、Bax蛋白刺激劑、β-連環蛋白抑制劑、生物活性脂質、降鈣素促效劑、大麻素受體調節劑、凋亡蛋白酶(caspase)抑制劑、凋亡蛋白酶-3刺激劑、組織蛋白酶(cathepsin)抑制劑、小窩蛋白(caveolin) 1抑制劑、CCK受體拮抗劑、CCL26基因抑制劑、CCR2趨化激素拮抗劑、CCR2趨化激素拮抗劑、血管緊張素II AT-1受體拮抗劑、CCR3趨化激素拮抗劑、CCR5趨化激素拮抗劑、CD3拮抗劑、CDGSH鐵硫結構域蛋白調節劑、幾丁質酶抑制劑、氯離子通道刺激劑、殼三糖苷酶1抑制劑、CNR1抑制劑、結締組織生長因子配體抑制劑、COT蛋白激酶抑制劑、週期蛋白D1抑制劑、細胞色素P450 7A1抑制劑、細胞色素P450還原酶抑制劑、DGAT1/2抑制劑、二醯基甘油O醯基轉移酶1抑制劑(DGAT1)、細胞色素P450 2E1抑制劑(CYP2E1)、CXCR3趨化激素拮抗劑、CXCR4趨化激素拮抗劑、二氫神經醯胺δ 4去飽和酶抑制劑、二氫乳清酸去氫酶抑制劑、二肽基肽酶IV抑制劑、內皮唾液酸調節劑、伊紅趨素配體抑制劑、細胞外基質蛋白調節劑、類法尼醇X受體促效劑、脂肪酸合酶抑制劑、FGF1受體促效劑、纖維母細胞生長因子(FGF-15、FGF-19、FGF-21)配體、纖維母細胞活化蛋白抑制劑、游離脂肪酸受體1促效劑、半乳糖凝集素-3抑制劑、GDNF家族受體α樣促效劑、升糖素受體促效劑、升糖素樣肽1促效劑、糖皮質素受體拮抗劑、葡萄糖6-磷酸1-去氫酶抑制劑、G蛋白偶聯膽酸受體1促效劑、G蛋白偶聯受體119促效劑、G蛋白偶聯受體84拮抗劑、刺猬(Hh)調節劑、C型肝炎病毒NS3蛋白酶抑制劑、肝細胞核因子4 α調節劑(HNF4A)、肝細胞生長因子調節劑、組蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑、STAT-3調節劑、HMG CoA還原酶抑制劑、HSD17B13基因抑制劑、5-HT 2a受體拮抗劑、水解酶抑制劑、缺氧誘導因子-2 α抑制劑、IL-10促效劑、IL-17拮抗劑、IL-22促效劑、Ileal鈉膽鹼酸類共轉運蛋白抑制劑、胰島素增敏劑、胰島素配體促效劑、胰島素受體促效劑、整合素調節劑、整合素拮抗劑、整合α-V/β-1拮抗劑、整合素α-V/β-6拮抗劑、介白素-1受體相關激酶4 (IRAK4)抑制劑、IL-6受體促效劑、介白素17配體抑制劑、Jak2酪胺酸激酶抑制劑、Jun N末端激酶-1抑制劑、Kelch樣ECH相關蛋白1調節劑、酮己糖激酶(KHK)抑制劑、Klotho β刺激劑、白血球A4水解酶抑制劑、5-脂氧合酶抑制劑、脂蛋白脂肪酶抑制劑、肝臟X受體、LPL基因刺激劑、溶血磷脂酸-1受體拮抗劑、離胺醯基氧化酶同源物2抑制劑、LXR反向促效劑、巨噬細胞甘露糖受體1調節劑、基質金屬蛋白酶(MMP)抑制劑、MEKK-5蛋白激酶抑制劑、MCH受體-1拮抗劑、膜銅胺氧化酶(VAP-1)抑制劑、甲硫胺酸胺基肽酶-2抑制劑、甲基CpG結合蛋白2調節劑、MicroRNA-132 (miR-132)拮抗劑、MicroRNA-21(miR-21)抑制劑、線粒體解偶聯劑、混合譜系激酶-3抑制劑、活動精子域蛋白2抑制劑、髓磷脂鹼性蛋白刺激劑、NACHT LRR PYD域蛋白3 (NLRP3)抑制劑、NAD依賴性去乙醯基酶sirtuin-1刺激劑、NADPH氧化酶抑制劑(NOX)、NFE2L2基因抑制劑、、NFE2L2基因抑制劑、菸鹼酸受體1促效劑、Opiol受體mu拮抗劑、NFE2L2基因抑制劑、菸鹼酸受體1促效劑、鴉片類藥物(opioid)受體mu拮抗劑、P2Y13嘌呤受體刺激劑、核紅血球2相關因子2刺激劑、核受體調節劑、轉錄因子調節劑之核轉運、P2X7嘌呤受體調節劑、PACAP I型受體促效劑、PDE 3抑制劑、PDE 4抑制劑、PDE 5抑制劑、PDGF受體β調節劑、苯丙胺酸羥化酶刺激劑、磷脂酶C抑制劑、磷酸二酯水解酶抑制劑、PPAR α促效劑、PPAR δ促效劑、PPAR γ促效劑、肽基-脯胺醯基順反異構酶抑制劑、PNPLA3基因抑制劑、PPAR γ調節劑、蛋白酶活化受體-2拮抗劑、蛋白激酶調節劑、蛋白NOV同源物調節劑、PTGS2基因抑制劑、腎素抑制劑、抵抗素/CAP1(腺苷基環化酶相關蛋白1)相互作用抑制劑、Rho相關蛋白激酶抑制劑、RNA聚合酶抑制劑、S-亞硝基谷胱甘肽還原酶(GSNOR)酶抑制劑、葡萄糖轉運蛋白-2抑制劑、鞘脂δ 4去飽和酶DES1抑制劑、SREBP轉錄因子抑制劑、STAT-1抑制劑、硬脂醯CoA去飽和酶-1抑制劑、STK25抑制劑、細胞因子信號傳導-1刺激劑之抑制劑、細胞因子信號傳導-3刺激劑之抑制劑、味覺受體類型2促效劑、端粒酶刺激劑、TERT基因調節劑、TGF β (TGFB1)配體抑制劑、TNF拮抗劑、轉化生長因子β (TGF-β)、轉化生長因子β活化激酶1 (TAK1)、甲狀腺激素受體β促效劑、TLR-4拮抗劑、轉穀胺醯胺酶抑制劑、酪胺酸激酶受體調節劑、GPCR調節劑、核激素受體調節劑、TLR-9拮抗劑、VDR促效劑、維生素D3受體調節劑、WNT調節劑、YAP/TAZ調節劑、或Zonulin抑制劑、及其組合。
一或多種額外治療劑之非限制性實例包括:
- ACE抑制劑,諸如依那普利(enalapril);
- 乙醛去氫酶抑制劑,諸如ADX-629;
- 乙醯CoA羧酸酶(ACC)抑制劑,諸如NDI-010976(佛斯寇斯特(firsocostat))、DRM-01、賈卡賓尼(gemcabene)、GS-834356、PF-05175157、QLT-091382、PF-05221304;
- 乙醯CoA羧酸酶/二醯基甘油脂O醯基轉移酶2抑制劑,諸如PF-07055341;
- 腺苷受體促效劑,諸如CF-102(納莫德森(namodenoson))、CF-101(皮可利丹諾松(piclidenoson))、CF-502、CGS21680;
- 腺苷A3受體拮抗劑,諸如FM-101;
- 脂聯素受體促效劑,諸如ADP-355、ADP-399、ALY668-SR;
- 腎上腺素受體拮抗劑,諸如麥角鹼衍生物、芬特明(phentermine)、VI-0521;
- 醛去氫酶2刺激劑,諸如FP-045;
- 澱粉素/抑鈣素受體促效劑,諸如KBP-042、KBP-089;
- AMP活化蛋白激酶刺激劑,諸如C-455、PXL-770、O-304;
- AMP激酶活化劑/ATP檸檬酸裂解酶抑制劑,諸如貝培多酸(bempedoic acid)(ETC-1002, ESP-55016);
- AMP活化蛋白激酶/內皮一氧化氮合成酶/NAD依賴性去乙醯酶長壽蛋白1(sirtuin-1)刺激劑,諸如NS-0200(白胺酸+二甲雙胍+西地那非);
- 雄性激素受體促效劑,諸如LPCN-1144、LPCN-1148、睪固酮前藥;
- 血管收縮素II AT-1受體拮抗劑,諸如艾比沙坦;
- 促血管生成素相關蛋白3抑制劑,諸如武帕諾森(vupanorsen)(IONIS-ANGPTL3-LRx);
- 愛帕琳(Apelin)受體促效劑,諸如CB-5064、MBT-2;
- 頂端鈉依賴性膽酸傳輸抑制劑,諸如A-3907;
- 自噬蛋白質調節劑,諸如A-2906、GM-90194;
- 自分泌運動因子(autotaxin)(外核苷酸焦磷酸酶/磷酸二酯酶2 (NPP2或ENPP2)抑制劑),諸如FP10.47、PAT-505、PAT-048、GLPG-1690、X-165、PF-8380、TJC-0265、TJC-0316、AM-063、BBT-877;
- Axl酪胺酸激酶受體抑制劑,諸如貝西替尼(bemcentinib) (BGB-324、R-428);
- Bax蛋白質刺激劑,諸如CBL-514;
- 生物活性脂質,諸如DS-102;
- 大麻受體調節劑,諸如納馬珠單抗(namacizumab)(尼瑪單抗(nimacimab))、GWP-42004、REV-200、CRB-4001、INV-101、SCN-002;
- 凋亡蛋白酶抑制劑,諸如恩利卡生(emricasan);
- 泛組織蛋白酶B抑制劑,諸如VBY-376;
- 泛組織蛋白酶抑制劑,諸如VBY-825;
- CCK受體拮抗劑,諸如丙穀胺(proglumide);
- CCL26基因抑制劑,諸如莫司莫德(mosedipimod)、KDDF-201410-10;
- CCR2/CCR5趨化激素拮抗劑,諸如BMS-687681、森尼維若(cenicriviroc)、馬拉維若(maraviroc)、CCX-872、勒隆利單抗(leronlimab)、WXSH-0213;
- CCR2/CCR5趨化激素拮抗劑及FXR促效劑,諸如LCJ-242(曲匹弗索(tropifexor)+塞尼維羅克(cenivriviroc));
- CCR2趨化激素拮抗劑,諸如丙帕鍺(propagermanium);
- CCR2趨化激素/血管收縮素II AT-1受體拮抗劑,諸如DMX-200、DMX-250;
- CCR3趨化激素拮抗劑,諸如柏替利木單抗(bertilimumab);
- CD3拮抗劑,諸如NI-0401(弗拉魯單抗(foralumab));
- CDGSH鐵磺域蛋白質調節劑,諸如EYP-002;
- 幾丁質酶抑制劑,諸如OATD-01;
- 殼三糖苷酶1抑制劑,諸如OAT-2068;
- 氯化物通道刺激劑,諸如普斯酮(cobiprostone)及魯比前列酮(lubiprostone);
- 酪蛋白激酶1 (CK1) δ/ε抑制劑,諸如PF-05006739;
- 結締組織生長因子配位體抑制劑,諸如PBI-4050;
- COT蛋白質激酶抑制劑,諸如GS-4875、GS-5290;
- CXCR4趨化激素拮抗劑,諸如AD-214;
- 細胞色素P450還原酶抑制劑,諸如SNP-630;
- 二酸甘油酯醯基轉移酶2 (DGAT2)抑制劑,諸如IONIS-DGAT2Rx、PF-06865571;
- 二酸甘油酯醯基轉移酶1 (DGAT1)抑制劑,諸如GSK-3008356;
- 二醯基甘油酯O醯基轉移酶1 (DGAT1)/細胞色素P450 2E1抑制劑(CYP2E1),諸如SNP-610;
- 二氫乳清酸去氫酶抑制劑,諸如維魯迪姆(vidofludimus);
- 二肽基肽酶IV抑制劑,諸如利格列汀(linagliptin)、依格列汀(evogliptin);
- 伊紅趨素配位體抑制劑,諸如柏替木單抗(bertilimumab)、CM-101;
- 胞外基質蛋白質調節劑,諸如CNX-024;
- 類法尼醇X受體(FXR)促效劑,諸如AGN-242266、AGN-242256、ASC-42、EDP-297 (EP-024297)、RDX-023、BWL-200、AKN-083、EDP-305、GNF-5120、昔洛法克索緩血酸胺(cilofexor tromethamine) (GS-9674)、HPG-1860、IOT-022、LMB-763、奧貝膽酸(obeticholic acid)、Px-102、Px-103、M790、M780、M450、M-480、MET-409、MET-642、PX20606、SYHA-1805、韋洛利單抗(vonafexor) (EYP-001)、TERN-101、TC-100、INT-2228、TQA-3526、ZG-5266、HPD-001、阿侖膦酸鹽(alendronate);
- 類法尼醇X受體(FXR)/G蛋白偶聯膽酸受體1 (TGR5)促效劑,諸如INT-767;
- 脂肪酸合成酶抑制劑,諸如TVB-2640、FT-8225;
- 纖維母細胞生長因子19 (rhFGF19)/細胞色素P450 (CYP) 7A1抑制劑,諸如阿達非明(aldafermin) (NGM-282);
- 纖維母細胞生長因子21 (FGF-21)配位體調節劑,諸如AP-025、BMS-986171、B-1654、BIO89-100、BOS-580、佩格非明(Pegbelfermin) (BMS-986036)、B-1344、NN-9499;
- 纖維母細胞生長因子21 (FGF-21)/類升糖素肽1 (GLP-1)促效劑,諸如YH-25723 (YH-25724; YH-22241)、伊夫非明(efruxifermin) (AKR-001);
- FGF受體促效劑/Klotho β刺激劑,諸如BFKB-8488A (RG-7992);
- 游離脂肪酸受體1促效劑,諸如SCO-267;
- 半乳糖凝集素3抑制劑,諸如貝拉佩辛(belapectin) (GR-MD-02)、GB-1107 (Gal-300)、GB-1211 (Gal-400)、IMT-001;
- GDNF家族受體α類促效劑,諸如NGM-395;
- 類升糖素肽1 (GLP1R)促效劑,諸如ALT-801、AC-3174、利拉魯肽(liraglutide)、可妥度肽(cotadutide) (MEDI-0382)、SAR-425899、LY-3305677、HM-15211、YH-25723、YH-GLP1、RPC-8844、PB-718、PF-06882961、索馬魯肽(semaglutide);
- 類升糖素肽1受體促效劑;調酸素(oxyntomodulin)配位體;升糖素受體促效劑,諸如埃利諾度肽(efinopegdutide);
- 胃抑制多肽/類升糖素肽1 (GIP/GLP-1)受體共促效劑,諸如泰帕肽(tirzepatide) (LY-3298176);
- 聚乙二醇化(PEGylated)長效的類升糖素肽1/升糖素(GLP-1R/GCGR)受體雙促效劑,諸如DD-01;
- 升糖素/GLP1-受體促效劑,諸如BI-456906、NN-6177;
- 糖皮質素受體拮抗劑,諸如CORT-118335(米瑞蘭特(miricorilant));
- 葡萄糖6-磷酸1-去氫酶抑制劑,諸如ST001;
- 葡萄糖激酶刺激劑,諸如多格拉汀(dorzagliatin)、西諾格拉汀(sinogliatin) (RO-5305552);
- G蛋白偶聯膽酸受體1 (TGR5)促效劑,諸如RDX-009、INT-777、HY-209;
- G蛋白偶聯受體84拮抗劑,諸如PBI-4547;
- G蛋白偶聯受體119促效劑,諸如DA-1241;
- 熱休克蛋白47 (HSP47)抑制劑,諸如ND-L02-s0201;
- 刺猬蛋白質TGF β配位體抑制劑,諸如Oxy-210;
- 組蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑/STAT-3調節劑,諸如SFX-01;
- HMG CoA還原酶抑制劑,諸如阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)、普伐他汀(fluvastatin)、匹伐他汀(pitavastatin)、普伐他汀(pravastatin)、羅素他汀(rosuvastatin)、辛伐他汀(simvastatin);
- HSD17B13基因抑制劑,諸如ALN-HSD、ARO-HSD;
- 水解酶抑制劑,諸如ABD-X;
- 缺氧誘導因子-2α抑制劑,諸如PT-2567;
- IL-10促效劑,諸如peg-伊洛白介素(peg-ilodecakin);
- Ileal鈉膽鹼酸類共轉運蛋白抑制劑,諸如歐維昔巴(odevixibat)(A-4250)、沃利百特(volixibat)鉀乙醇化水合物(SHP-262)、GSK2330672、CJ-14199、埃洛比西巴特(elobixibat) (A-3309);
- 胰島素增敏劑,諸如KBP-042、阿米格列酮(azemiglitazone)鉀(MSDC-0602K)、ION-224、MSDC-5514、Px-102、RG-125 (AZD4076)、托利咪酮(Tolimidone)、VVP-100X、CB-4211、ETI-101;
- 胰島素配體/ds胰島素受體促效劑,諸如ORMD-0801;
- 整合素拮抗劑,諸如IDL-2965;
- IL-6受體促效劑,諸如KM-2702;
- 整合素αV/β6及αV/β1雙重抑制劑;諸如PLN-74809;
- 介白素17配位體抑制劑,諸如尼塔奇單抗(netakimab);
- Jak1/2酪胺酸激酶抑制劑,諸如巴瑞替尼(baricitinib);
- Jun N端激酶1抑制劑,諸如CC-90001;
- Kelch類ECH相關蛋白1調節劑,諸如α-環糊精穩定之蘿蔔硫素(sulforaphane);
- 己酮糖激酶(KHK)抑制劑,諸如PF-06835919、LY-3478045、LY-3522348;
- β Klotho (KLB)- FGF1c促效劑,諸如MK-3655 (NGM-313);
- 白血球A4水解酶抑制劑,諸如LYS-006;
- 5-脂氧基酶抑制劑,諸如泰魯斯特(tipelukast) (MN-001)、艾培利頓(epeleuton) (DS-102, (AF-102);
- 脂蛋白脂酶抑制劑,諸如CAT-2003;
- LPL基因刺激劑,諸如阿利潑金(alipogene tiparvovec);
- 肝臟X受體(LXR)抑制劑,諸如PX-665、PX-L603、PX-L493、BMS-852927、T-0901317、GW-3965、SR-9238;
- 溶血磷脂酸-1受體拮抗劑,諸如BMT-053011、UD-009 (CP-2090)、AR-479、ITMN-10534、BMS-986020、KI-16198;
- 離胺醯基氧化酶同源物2抑制劑,諸如辛圖珠單抗(simtuzumab)、PXS-5382A (PXS-5338);
- 巨噬細胞甘露糖受體1調節劑,諸如泰曼諾西普-Cy3(鎝Tc 99m泰曼諾西普);
- 矩陣金屬蛋白酶抑制劑,諸如ALS-L1023;
- 膜銅胺氧化酶(VAP-1)抑制劑,諸如TERN-201、TT-01025;
- MEKK-5蛋白激酶(ASK-1)抑制劑,諸如CJ-16871、CS-17919、司隆色替(selonsertib) (GS-4997)、SRT-015、GS-444217、GST-HG-151、TERN-301;
- MCH受體1拮抗劑,諸如CSTI-100 (ALB-127158);
- 胺基脲-敏感胺氧化酶/血管黏附蛋白質-1 (SSAO/VAP-1)抑制劑,諸如PXS-4728A (BI-1467335);
- 甲硫胺酸胺基肽酶-2抑制劑,諸如ZGN-1061、ZGN-839、ZN-1345;
- 甲基CpG結合蛋白2調節劑,諸如半胱胺(mercaptamine);
- 礦物皮質素受體拮抗劑(MCRA),諸如MT-3995(阿帕瑞酮(apararenone));
- 粒線體解偶聯劑,諸如2,4-二硝基苯酚、HU6、Mito-99-0053;
- 混合譜系激酶-3抑制劑,諸如URMC-099-C;
- 活動精子域蛋白2抑制劑,諸如VB-601;
- 髓磷脂鹼性蛋白刺激劑,諸如奧利索西(olesoxime);
- 髓過氧化酶抑制劑,諸如PF-06667272、AZM-198;
- NADPH氧化酶抑制劑,諸如GKT-831、GenKyoTex、APX-311、塞塔那昔(setanaxib);
- 菸鹼酸受體1促效劑,諸如ARI-3037MO;
- NACHT LRR PYD域蛋白3 (NLRP3)抑制劑,諸如KDDF-201406-03、NBC-6、IFM-514、JT-194 (JT-349);
- NFE2L2基因抑制劑,諸如GeRP-amiR-144;
- 轉錄因子調節劑之核轉運,諸如AMTX-100;
- 核受體調節劑,諸如DUR-928 (DV-928);
- 類鴉片受體mu拮抗劑,諸如甲基納曲酮(methylnaltrexone);
- P2X7受體調節劑,諸如SGM-1019;
- P2Y13嘌呤受體刺激劑,諸如CER-209;
- PDE 3/4抑制劑,諸如泰魯司特(tipelukast) (MN-001);
- PDE 5抑制劑,諸如西地那非(sildenafil)、MSTM-102;
- PDGF受體β調節劑,諸如BOT-191、BOT-509;
- 肽基-脯胺醯基順反異構酶抑制劑,諸如CRV-431 (CPI-432-32)、NVP-018、NV-556 (NVP-025);
- 苯丙胺酸羥基酶刺激劑,諸如海帕斯坦(HepaStem);
- 磷二酯水解酶抑制劑,諸如ZSP-1601;
- PNPLA3基因抑制劑,諸如AZD-2693;
- PPAR促效劑,諸如西格列紮(Chiglitazar)、艾拉菲諾(elafibranor) (GFT-505)、塞拉德帕離胺酸(seladelpar lysine) (MBX-8025)、氘化吡格列酮R-鏡像異構物、吡格列酮(pioglitazone)、PXL-065 (DRX-065)、沙格列讓(saroglitazar)、蘭尼菲諾(lanifibranor) (IVA-337)、CHS-131、佩馬貝特(pemafibrate) (K-877)、ZG-0588、ZSP-0678、ZSYM-008;
- 蛋白酶活化受體-2拮抗劑,諸如PZ-235;
- 蛋白激酶調節劑,諸如CNX-014;
- 蛋白NOV同源物調節劑,諸如BLR-200;
- PTGS2基因抑制劑,諸如STP-705、STP-707;
- 腎素抑制劑,諸如PRO-20;
- 抵抗素/CAP1(腺苷基環化酶相關蛋白1)相互作用抑制劑,諸如DWJ-211;
- Rev蛋白質調節劑,諸如ABX-464;
- Rho相關蛋白激酶(ROCK)抑制劑,諸如REDX -10178 (REDX-10325)、KD-025、RXC-007、TDI-01;
- RNA聚合酶抑制劑,諸如利福昔明(rifaximin);
- S亞硝基谷胱甘肽還原酶(GSNOR)酶抑制劑,諸如SL-891;
- 鈉葡萄糖轉運蛋白-2 (SGLT2)抑制劑,諸如伊格列淨(ipragliflozin)、依碳酸瑞格列淨(remogliflozin etabonate)、埃格列淨(ertugliflozin)、達格列淨(dapagliflozin)、托格列淨(tofogliflozin)、索格列淨(sotagliflozin);
- 鈉葡萄糖轉運蛋白-1/2 (SGLT 1/2)抑制劑,諸如雙(脯胺酸)利科格列淨(licogliflozin bis(prolinate)) (LIK-066);
- SREBLP轉錄因子抑制劑,諸如CAT-2003、HPN-01、MDV-4463;
- 硬脂醯CoA去飽和酶-1抑制劑,諸如阿雷美羅(aramchol);
- 味覺受體類型2促效劑,諸如ARD-101;
- 甲狀腺激素受體β促效劑,諸如ALG-009、ASC-41、CNPT-101101;CNPT-101207、CS-27186、KY-41111、瑞美替倫(resmetirom) (MGL-3196)、MGL-3745、TERN-501、VK-2809、HP-515;
- TLR-2/TLR-4拮抗劑,諸如VB-201 (CI-201);
- TLR-4拮抗劑,諸如JKB-121、JKB-122、納曲酮(naltrexone);
- 酪胺酸激酶受體調節劑,諸如CNX-025、GFE-2137(再利用硝唑尼特(nitazoxanide));
- TLR-9拮抗劑,諸如GNKS-356、AVO-101;
- TNF拮抗劑,諸如ALF-421;
- GPCR調節劑,諸如CNX-023;
- 核荷爾蒙受體調節劑,諸如Px-102;
- VDR促效劑,諸如CK-15;
- 黃嘌呤氧化酶抑制劑,諸如ACQT-1127;
- 黃嘌呤氧化酶/尿酸鹽陰離子交換劑1 (URAT1)抑制劑,諸如RLBN-1001、RLBN-1127;或
- 連蛋白抑制劑,諸如乙酸拉瑞唑來(larazotide acetate) (INN-202)。
在某些特定實施例中,一或多種額外治療劑係選自A-4250、AC-3174、乙醯水楊酸、AK-20、阿利潑金、AMX-342、AN-3015、抗CXCR3抗體、抗TAGE抗體、阿雷美羅、ARI-3037MO、ASP-8232、AXA-1125、柏替木單抗、無水甜菜鹼、BI-1467335、BMS-986036、BMS-986171、BMT-053011、BOT-191、BTT-1023、布地奈德(budesonide)、BX-003, CAT-2003、森尼維若、CBW-511、CER-209、CF-102、CGS21680、CNX-014、CNX-023、CNX-024、CNX-025、普斯酮、考來維侖(colesevelam)、甲磺酸達比加群酯(dabigatran etexilate mesylate)、達格列淨、DCR-LIV1、氘化吡格列酮R-鏡像異構物、2,4-二硝基苯酚、DRX-065、DS-102、DUR-928、伊達拉奉(edaravone) (TTYP-01)、EDP-305、艾拉菲諾(GFT-505)、恩利卡生、依那普利、埃格列淨、依格列汀、F-351、氟斯特酮(fluasterone) (ST-002)、FT-4101、GDD-3898、GH-509、GKT-831、GNF-5120、GRI-0621、GR-MD-02、GS-300、GS-4997、GS-9674、GS-4875、GS-5290、HEC-96719、HTD-1801、HS-10356、HSG-4112、HST-202、HST-201、HU-6、氫氯噻嗪(hydrochlorothiazide)、二十碳丁酸酯(icosabutate) (PRC-4016)、二十碳五烯酸乙酯(icosapent ethyl ester)、IMM-124-E、INT-767、INV-240、ION-455、IONIS-DGAT2Rx、伊格列淨、依貝沙坦(Irbesarta)、丙帕鍺、IVA-337、J2H-1702、JKB-121、KB-GE-001、KBLP-004、KBLP-009、KBP-042、KD-025、M790、M780、M450、二甲雙胍、西地那非、LB-700、LC-280126、利格列汀、利拉魯肽、(LJN-452)曲匹弗索、LM-011、LM-002 (CVI-LM-002)、LMB-763、LYN-100、MB-N-008、MBX-8025、MDV-4463、半胱胺、MGL-3196、MGL-3745、MP-301、MSDC-0602K、納馬珠單抗、NC-101、NDI-010976、ND-L02-s0201 (BMS-986263)、NGM-282、NGM-313、NGM-386、NGM-395、NP-011、NP-135、NP-160、降熊去氧膽酸(norursodeoxycholic acid)、NV-422、NVP-022、O-304、奧貝膽酸(OCA)、25HC3S、奧利索西、PAT-505、PAT-048, PBI-4547、peg-伊洛白介素、吡格列酮、吡非尼酮(pirfenidone)、PRI-724、PX20606、Px-102、PX-L603、PX-L493、PXS-4728A、PZ-235、PZH-2109、RCYM-001、RDX-009、依碳酸瑞格列淨、RG-125 (AZD4076)、RP-005、RPI-500、S-723595、沙格列讓、SBP-301、索馬魯肽、SH-2442、SHC-028、SHC-023、辛圖珠單抗、索利黴素(solithromycin)、索格列淨、他汀類(阿托伐他汀、普伐他汀、匹伐他汀、普伐他汀、羅素他汀、辛伐他汀)、TCM-606F、TEV-45478、TQA-3526、TQA-3563、泰魯司特(MN-001)、TLY-012、TRX-318、TVB-2640、TXR-611、TXR-612、TS-20004、UD-009、UN-03、熊去氧膽酸(ursodeoxycholic acid)、VBY-376、VBY-825、VK-2809、維莫德吉(vismodegib)、沃利百特鉀乙醇化水合物(SHP-626)、VVP-100X、WAV-301、WNT-974、WXSH-0038、WXSH-0078、XEN-103、XRx-117、XTYW-003、XW-003、XW-004、XZP-5610、ZGN-839、ZG-5216、ZSYM-008、或ZYSM-007。
乙醯CoA羧酸酶(ACC)抑制劑之實例包括但不限於US2013123231、US2019134041、US2018297690、US2018298025中所描述之彼等;
乙醯CoA羧酸酶(ACC)抑制劑/類法尼醇X受體(FXR)促效劑之實例包括但不限於US2018280394中所描述之彼等。
乙醯CoA羧酸酶(ACC)抑制劑/類法尼醇X受體(FXR)促效劑/MEKK-5蛋白激酶(ASK-1)之實例抑制劑包括但不限於US2018012341、US2018333401中所描述之彼等;
乙醯CoA羧酸酶(ACCMEKK-5蛋白激酶(ASK-1)抑制劑之實例包括但不限於US2018311244中所描述之彼等;
類法尼醇X受體(FXR)促效劑之實例包括但不限於US2014221659、US2020281911、WO2020185685中所描述之彼等;
類法尼醇X受體(FXR)促效劑/MEKK-5蛋白激酶(ASK-1)抑制劑之實例包括但不限於US2017273952、US201813320中所描述之彼等;
MEKK-5蛋白激酶(ASK-1)抑制劑之實例包括但不限於US2011009410、US2013197037、US2016244430、US2016280683中所描述之彼等。
在一些實施例中,本揭露之化合物與一或多種選自抗肥胖劑之治療劑組合,該抗肥胖劑包括但不限於YY肽或其類似物、神經肽Y受體第2型(NPYR2)促效劑、NPYR1促效劑、NPYR5拮抗劑、第一型大麻素受體(CB1 R)拮抗劑、脂酶抑制劑(例如奧利司他(orlistat))、人類前胰島肽(human proislet peptide, HIP)、黑皮質素受體4促效劑(MC4R)(例如賽特美泰(setmelanotide))、黑色素濃縮激素受體1拮抗劑、類法尼醇X受體(FXR)促效劑(例如奧貝膽酸(obeticholic acid))、細胞凋亡信號調節激酶(ASK-1)抑制劑、唑尼沙胺(zonisamide)、芬他命(phentermine)(單獨或與托吡酯(topiramate)組合使用)、正腎上腺素/多巴胺再吸收抑制劑(例如安非他酮(buproprion))、類鴉片受體拮抗劑(例如那曲酮(naltrexone))、正腎上腺素/多巴胺再吸收抑制劑與類鴉片受體拮抗劑之組合(例如安非他酮與那曲酮之組合)、GDF-15類似物、西布曲明(sibutramine)、膽囊收縮素促效劑、澱粉素及其類似物(例如普蘭林肽(pramlintide))、瘦素及其類似物(例如美曲普汀(metroleptin))、血清素劑(serotonergic agent)(例如氯卡色林(lorcaserin))、甲硫胺酸胺肽酶2 (MetAP2)抑制劑(例如貝洛拉尼(beloranib)或ZGN-1061)、苯甲曲秦(phendimetrazine)、二乙胺苯酮(diethylpropion)、苄非他明(benzphetamine)、SGLT2抑制劑(例如恩格列淨(empagliflozin)、卡格列淨(canagliflozin)、達格列淨(dapagliflozin)、伊格列淨(ipragliflozin)、托格列淨(tofogliflozin)、依碳酸舍格列淨(sergliflozin etabonate)、依碳酸瑞格列淨(remogliflozin etabonate)、或艾托格列淨(ertugliflozin))、SGLTL1抑制劑、SGLT2/SGLT1雙重抑制劑、纖維母細胞生長因子受體(FGFR)調節劑、AMP活化蛋白質激酶(AMPK)活化劑、生物素、MAS受體調節劑、或升糖素受體促效劑(單獨或與另一種GLP-1 R促效劑組合使用,例如利拉魯肽(liraglutide)、艾塞那肽(exenatide)、度拉魯肽(dulaglutide)、阿必魯肽(albiglutide)、利西拉肽(lixisenatide)、或索馬魯肽(semaglutide))、胰島素增敏劑,諸如噻唑烷二酮類(thiazolidinediones, TZD)、過氧化物酶體增殖物活化受體α (PPARα)促效劑、魚油、乙醯coA羧化酶(ACC)抑制劑、轉化生長因子β(TGFβ)拮抗劑、GDNF家族受體α類(GFRAL)促效劑、黑皮質素4受體(MC4R)促效劑,包括所特定列出藥劑之醫藥上可接受之鹽及該等藥劑與鹽的醫藥上可接受之溶劑合物。
VII. 治療方法
在一些實施例中,式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽可用於治療及/或預防GLP-1R介導之疾病或病況之方法。在一些實施例中,用於治療及/或預防GLP-1R介導之疾病或病況之方法包括向有需要之對象投予醫藥有效量的本發明之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在一些實施例中,疾病或病況包含肝病或相關疾病或病況,例如肝纖維化、非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)、非酒精性脂肪肝炎(NASH)、肝硬化、代償性肝纖維化、代償不全之肝纖維化、肝細胞癌、原發性膽汁性肝硬化(PBC)、或原發性硬化性膽管炎(PSC)。在一些實施例中,疾病或病況包含代謝疾病或相關疾病或病況,諸如糖尿病、肥胖、或心臟代謝疾病。
目前正在研究GLP-1R促效劑與某些病症及病況的關係,包括例如糖尿病。具有DPP4抗性且半衰期比內源性GLP-1更長的GLP-1類似物已經報導與體重減輕及改良胰島素作用相關。利拉魯肽已報導是一種批准用於治療糖尿病的肽GLP-1R促效劑,以在NASH對象之結果中顯示出有利的改善。
在一些實施例中,本揭露係關於一種式(I)之化合物、或其醫藥上可接受之鹽於製備用於預防及/或治療由GLP-1R介導之疾病或病況的藥劑中之用途,諸如肝病或代謝疾病。在一些實施例中,本揭露係關於一種式(I)之化合物、或其醫藥上可接受之鹽於製備用於預防及/或治療由GLP-1R介導之疾病或病況的藥劑中之用途,諸如肝病或代謝疾病。例如,一些實施例提供一種式(I)之化合物、或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、或其用途,其用於治療及/或預防下列:慢性肝內或某些形式的肝外膽汁淤積症、肝纖維化、急性肝內膽汁淤積症、由不當膽汁成分引起的阻塞性或慢性發炎性病症、因膳食脂肪及脂溶性膳食維生素攝取減少的胃腸道病況、發炎性腸病、脂質及脂蛋白失調、第II型糖尿病及第I型及第II型糖尿病之臨床併發症、由強迫脂質(特別是三酸甘油酯)累積及隨後的促纖維化途徑引起之器官慢性脂肪及纖維變性導致的病況及疾病、肥胖及代謝症候群(異常血脂症、糖尿病、及異常高的身體質量指數之綜合病況)、急性心肌梗塞、急性中風、作為慢性阻塞性動脈粥樣硬化終點發生的血栓、細胞內細菌或寄生原生動物的持續性感染、非惡性過度增生性病症、惡性過度增生性病症(例如結腸腺癌及肝細胞癌)、肝脂肪變性及相關症候群、肝衰竭或慢性肝病或手術肝切除造成的肝功能障礙、B型肝炎感染、C型肝炎感染、及/或與酒精誘導之肝硬化或病毒媒肝炎相關的膽汁淤積及纖維化作用、第I型糖尿病、糖尿病前期、特發性第1型糖尿病、潛伏性自體免疫糖尿病、年輕人成年型糖尿病、早發型糖尿病、營養不良性糖尿病、妊娠糖尿病、高血糖症、胰島素抗性、肝臟胰島素抗性、葡萄糖耐受不良、糖尿病神經病變、糖尿病腎病變、腎病、糖尿病視網膜病變、脂肪細胞功能障礙、內臟脂肪沉積、肥胖、飲食失調、睡眠呼吸中止症、體重增加、糖癮、異常血脂症、高胰島素血症、鬱血性心臟衰竭、心肌梗塞、中風、出血性中風、缺血性中風、創傷性腦損傷、肺高壓、血管成形術後再狹窄、間歇性跛行、餐後脂血症、代謝性酸中毒、酮症、關節炎、左心室肥大、巴金森氏症、周邊動脈疾病、黃斑部病變、白內障、腎絲球硬化症、慢性腎衰竭、代謝症候群、心絞痛、經前症候群、血栓、動脈粥樣硬化、葡萄糖代謝異常、或血管再狹窄。
在一些實施例中,治療及/或預防非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(NAFLD)之方法包含向有需要之對象投予本揭露之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
本揭露亦關於根據式(I)之化合物或包含所述化合物之醫藥組成物,該醫藥組成物用於預防性及創傷後治療心血管病症,諸如作為慢性阻塞性動脈粥樣硬化之終點發生的急性心肌梗塞、急性中風、或血栓。在一些實施例中,治療及/或預防心血管病症之方法包含向有需要之對象投予式(I)化合物。
本揭露進一步關於一種化合物或醫藥組成物,其用於治療及/或預防肥胖症及相關病症(諸如代謝症候群)(血脂異常、糖尿病、及體重指數異常高之組合病況),其可藉由GLP1R介導之降低血清三酸甘油酯、血糖、及增加胰島素靈敏度及GLP1R介導之體重減輕而克服。在一些實施例中,治療及/或預防代謝疾病之方法包含向有需要之對象投予式(I)化合物。在一些實施例中,治療及/或預防代謝疾病之方法包含向有需要之對象投予式(I)化合物。
在另一實施例中,本揭露之化合物或醫藥組成物適用於預防及/或治療第I型及第II型糖尿病之臨床併發症。此類併發症之實例包括糖尿病性腎病、糖尿病性視網膜病變、糖尿病神經病、或周邊動脈粥樣疾病(PAOD)。本揭露亦涵蓋糖尿病之其他臨床併發症。在一些實施例中,用於治療及/或預防型第I型及第II型糖尿病之併發症之方法包含向有需要之對象投予式(I)化合物。在一些實施例中,用於治療及/或預防型第I型及第II型糖尿病之併發症之方法包含向有需要之對象投予式(I)化合物。
此外,由於強制脂質及/或三酸甘油酯累積及隨後的促纖維化途徑活化引起的器官慢性脂肪及纖維化病變產生之病況及疾病,亦可藉由投予本揭露之化合物或醫藥組成物來預防及/或治療。此類病況及疾病可包括肝臟中之NASH及慢性膽汁鬱滯性病況、腎臟中之腎絲球硬化及糖尿病腎病變、眼睛中之黃斑變性及糖尿病視網膜病變、及神經退化性疾病,諸如腦部中之阿茲海默病(Alzheimer´s Disease)或周邊神經系統中之糖尿病神經病變。在一些實施例中,用於治療及/或預防由於經強制脂質及/或三酸甘油酯累積及隨後的促纖維化途徑活化引起的器官慢性脂肪和纖維化病變產生之病況及疾病之方法包含向有需要之對象投予式(I)化合物。在一些實施例中,用於治療及/或預防由於經強制脂質及/或三酸甘油酯累積及隨後的促纖維化途徑活化引起的器官慢性脂肪和纖維化病變產生之病況及疾病之方法包含向有需要之對象投予式(I)化合物。在一些實施例中,治療及/或預防NASH之方法包含向有需要之對象投予式(I)化合物。在一些實施例中,治療及/或預防NASH之方法包含向有需要之對象投予式(I)化合物。
本文進一步提供一種醫藥組成物,其用於治療包含本揭露之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的本文所述之GLP-1R介導之疾病或病況。
本揭露亦描述一種用於製造治療GLP-1R介導之疾病或病況的藥劑之用途,該藥劑包含本揭露之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。如本文中所指之藥劑可藉由習知程序製備,包括根據本揭露之化合物與醫藥上可接受之載劑的組合。
亦揭示一種本揭露之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其用於治療GLP-1R介導之疾病或病況。亦揭示一種本揭露之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其用於預防GLP-1R介導之疾病或病況。
VIII. 實例
可取得許多提供可用於合成所揭示化合物之普遍已知化學合成方案及條件的通用參考文獻(參見例如Smith, March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 7
thedition, Wiley-Interscience, 2013.)。
如本文所述之化合物可藉由所屬技術領域中已知的任何手段純化,包括層析手段,諸如高效液相層析法(HPLC)、製備型薄層層析法、快速管柱層析法、及離子交換層析法。可使用任何合適的固定相,包括正相及逆相以及離子樹脂。例如,所揭示化合物可經由矽膠及/或氧化鋁層析法純化。參見例如Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, 2nd ed., ed. L. R. Snyder and J. J. Kirkland, John Wiley and Sons, 1979;及Thin Layer Chromatography, E. Stahl (ed.), Springer-Verlag, New York, 1969。
在用於製備對象化合物的任何程序期間,可能所欲的是保護任何所關注分子上的敏感性或反應性基團。此可藉由習知保護基之手段達到,如標準作業中所述,諸如T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts,「Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,」4th ed., Wiley, New York 2006。保護基可在便利的後續階段使用自所屬技術領域已知之方法移除。
現在將參照本文中之一般性製備的說明性合成方案及隨後的具體實例來描述可用於實施例之方法中的例示性化學實體。所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將瞭解,為了獲得本文中之各種化合物,可適當地選擇起始材料,使得透過反應方案將帶有最終所欲取代基(在有或沒有適當的保護下),以產出所欲產物。替代地,可能所欲的是採用合適的基團代替最終所欲取代基,該合適的基團可透過反應方案帶有並適當地用所欲取代基置換。此外,所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將瞭解,以下方案中所示之轉換可以與側接基團之官能性相容的任何順序執行。一般方案中所描繪之各反應可在約0℃至所使用之有機溶劑的回流溫度之溫度下運行。
本文所提供之實例描述本文所揭示之化合物以及用於製備化合物之中間物的合成。應理解的是,可組合本文所述之個別步驟。亦應理解的是,可組合不同批次的化合物,接著用於下一個合成步驟中。
在以下實例之描述中,描述具體實施例。此等實施例經足夠詳細地描述以使所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者能夠實施本揭露之某些實施例。可利用其他實施例,且可在不悖離本揭露之範疇的情況下進行合邏輯的其他變化。實施例亦關於可用於製備主題化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽的程序及中間物。因此,以下描述並不意欲限制本揭露之範疇。
在一些實施例中,本揭露通常提供特定鏡像異構物或非鏡像異構物作為所欲產物,儘管並非在所有情況下皆已判定鏡像異構物或非鏡像異構物之立體化學。當未判定鏡像異構物或非鏡像異構物中之特定立體中心的立體化學時,將化合物繪示為不在該特定立體中心顯示任何立體化學,即使化合物可係實質上鏡像異構或非鏡像異構純的。
本揭露之化合物的代表性合成係描述於以下方案、及隨後的實例中。
實例中詳述之化合物係根據下文所描述之通常合成方法合成。化合物使用ChemDraw版本18命名。1.0.535 (PerkinElmer Informatics, Inc.),除非另有指明。
縮寫
在描述實驗細節中使用某些縮寫及頭字語。儘管所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將理解其中的大多數,但表1含有許多此等縮寫及頭字語的清單。
[表 1 ]縮寫及頭字語之清單
A. 中間物之合成 中間物 I-1
縮寫 | 意義 |
Ac | 乙酸鹽 |
ACN | 乙腈 |
AmPhos | 二-三級丁基(4-二甲基胺基苯基)膦 |
Bn | 苄基 |
Bpin | (頻哪醇根基)硼 |
B 2Pin 2 | 雙(頻哪醇根基)二硼 |
Bu | 丁基 |
Bz | 苯甲醯基 |
BzCl | 苯甲醯氯 |
cataCXium® A Pd G3 | 甲磺酸[(二(1-金剛烷基)-正丁基膦)-2-(2′-胺基-1,1′-聯苯)]鈀(II) |
DBA | 二亞苄基丙酮 |
DBU | 1,8-二吖雙環[5.4.0]十一-7-烯 |
DCM | 二氯甲烷 |
DCE | 二氯乙烷 |
DEA | 二乙胺 |
Deoxofluor | 雙(2-甲氧基乙基)胺基三氟化硫 |
DIPEA | 二異丙基乙胺 |
DME | 二甲氧基乙烷 |
DMEM | Dulbecco之經修飾Eagle培養基 |
DMF | 二甲基甲醯胺 |
DMSO | 二甲基亞碸 |
dppf | 1,1'-雙(二苯基膦)二茂鐵 |
EDCI | N-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)- N′-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽 |
ES/MS | 電子噴灑質譜法 |
Et | 乙基 |
FBS | 胎牛血清 |
HATU | 1-[雙(二甲基胺基)亞甲基]-1 H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5- b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸鹽 |
IPA | 異丙醇 |
JohnPhos | (2-聯苯)二-三級丁基膦 |
KOtBu | 三級丁醇鉀 |
LC | 液相層析法 |
LCMS | 液相層析/質譜 |
MCPBA | 間氯過氧苯甲酸 |
Me | 甲基 |
m/z | 質荷比 |
MS或ms | 質譜 |
NMP | N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮 |
Pd Rockphos G3 | [(2-二-三級丁基膦基-3-甲氧基-6-甲基-2',4',6'-三異丙基-1,1'-聯苯)-2-(2-胺基聯苯)]鈀(II)甲烷磺酸酯 |
Ph | 苯基 |
Ph 3P | 三苯基膦 |
pin | |
Pyr | 吡啶 |
RBF | 圓底燒瓶 |
RP-HPLC | 逆相高效液相層析法 |
RT | 室溫 |
SFC | 超臨界流體層析法 |
tBuXPhos Pd G3 | [(2-二-三級丁基膦基-2',4',6'-三異丙基-1,1'-聯苯)-2-(2'-胺基-1,1'-聯苯)]鈀(II)甲烷磺酸酯 |
TEA | 三乙胺 |
TFA | 三氟乙酸 |
THF | 四氫呋喃 |
Ts | 4-甲苯磺醯基 |
XPhos Pd G2 | 氯基(2-二環己基膦基-2′,4′,6′-三異丙基-1,1′-聯苯)[2-(2′-胺基-1,1'-聯苯)]鈀(II) |
δ | 參考殘留溶劑峰的百萬分點 |
2-[[4-(6- 羥基 -2- 吡啶基 )-1- 哌啶基 ] 甲基 ]-3-[[(2S)- 氧呾 -2- 基 ] 甲基 ] 苯并咪唑 -5- 羧酸甲酯 (I-1) :甲基2-[[4-[6-[(4-氰基-2-氟-苯基)甲氧基]-2-吡啶基]-1-哌啶基]甲基]-3-[[(2S)-氧呾-2-基]甲基]苯并咪唑-5-羧酸鹽(1.6 g, 2.81 mmol)於10 mL EtOH之燒瓶中,且將10 mL EtOAc抽空且用氮氣回填。將300 mg的10%鈀碳添加至反應中。將氫氣球以調適器附接至燒瓶。將燒瓶抽空直到溶劑開始起泡,然後將燒瓶中的氣球打開,並攪拌整夜。氮氣通過混合物鼓泡10分鐘,且過濾反應物,且將濾液濃縮並藉由矽膠層析法(洗提液:DCM/MeOH)純化,以給出所欲產物。ES/MS: 437.2 (M+H
+)
中間物 I-2
2-[[4-[6-[(4- 溴 -2- 氟 - 苯基 ) 甲氧基 ]-2- 吡啶基 ]-1- 哌啶基 ] 甲基 ]-3-[[(2S)- 氧呾 -2- 基 ] 甲基 ] 苯并咪唑 -5- 羧酸甲酯:向2-[[4-(6-羥基-2-吡啶基)-1-哌啶基]甲基]-3-[[(2S)-氧呾-2-基]甲基]苯并咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯(300 mg, 0.69 mmol)及4-溴-1-(溴甲基)-2-氟-苯(193 mg, 0.72 mmol)於5 mL乙腈之燒瓶中,添加碳酸鉀(190 mg, 1.37 mmol)至溶液中。將混合物在室溫下攪拌2小時。過濾混合物且濃縮濾液。接著,濃縮物藉由矽膠層析法(洗提液:DCM/MeOH)純化,以給出所欲產物。ES/MS: 623.5 (M+H
+)
B. 化合物實例 實例 1. 2-((4-(6-((5- 氰基 -3- 氟噻吩 -2- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-(2- 甲氧基乙基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸 程序 1
2-((4-(6-((5- 氰基 -3- 氟噻吩 -2- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-(2- 甲氧基乙基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸甲酯:將4-氟-5-(羥甲基)噻吩-2-甲腈(35 mg, 0.22 mmol)、碳酸銫(207 mg, 0.64 mmol)、2-(二-叔丁基膦基)聯苯(19 mg, 0.064 mmol)、及三(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (29 mg, 0.032 mmol)添加至甲基-2-[[4-(6-氯-2-吡啶基)-1-哌啶基]甲基]-3-(2-甲氧基乙基)苯并咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯(82 mg, 0.19 mmol)於1,4-二
烷(2 mL)之溶液中。將所得溶液藉由鼓泡氬氣脫氣1分鐘,密封且加熱至90℃達2小時。在完成後,將反應內容物倒入水(5 mL)中並用EtOAc (2 × 15 mL)萃取。合併有機層,用鹽水(5 mL)洗滌,以MgSO
4乾燥,過濾,濃縮並藉由快速層析法(洗提液:EtOAc/己烷/MeOH)純化,以給出所欲產物。
2-((4-(6-((5- 氰基 -3- 氟噻吩 -2- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-(2- 甲氧基乙基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸(實例 1 ):將2-((4-(6-((5-氰基-3-氟噻吩-2-基)甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸甲酯(88 mg, 0.16 mmol)溶於乙腈(2 mL)中,且添加氫氧化鋰水溶液(0.84 M, 0.25 mL, 0.19 mmol)。將反應加熱至100℃後達7分鐘,接著冷卻至室溫,且用5%檸檬酸水溶液稀釋至pH ~5。將混合物用EtOAc (2 × 15 mL)萃取,並將合併之有機萃取物以MgSO
4乾燥並在真空中濃縮。藉由RP-HPLC(洗提液:具有0.1% TFA之MeCN/水梯度)純化材料,以產出
實例 1作為三氟乙酸鹽。ES/MS: 550.3 (M+H
+);1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.32 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J = 8.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.57 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 2H), 4.83 (s, 2H), 4.62 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.94 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.55 – 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.20 – 3.01 (m, 1H), 2.49 – 2.03 (m, 4H)。
實例 2. 2-((4-(6-((5- 氰基噻吩 -2- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -1- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-(2- 甲氧基乙基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸 程序 2
4-(6-((5- 氰基噻吩 -2- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 羧酸三級丁酯:將5-(羥甲基)噻吩-2-甲腈(100 mg, 0.72 mmol)、碳酸銫(468 mg, 1.44 mmol)、2-(二-叔丁基膦基)聯苯(43 mg, 0.14 mmol)、及三(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (66 mg, 0.072 mmol)添加至4-(6-氯-2-吡啶基)哌啶-1-羧酸三級丁酯(256 mg, 0.86 mmol)於1,4-二
烷(2 mL)之溶液中。將所得溶液藉由鼓泡氬氣脫氣1分鐘,密封且加熱至90℃達2小時。在完成後,將反應內容物倒入水(5 mL)中並用EtOAc (2 × 15 mL)萃取。合併有機層,用鹽水(5 mL)洗滌,以MgSO
4乾燥,過濾,濃縮並藉由快速層析法(洗提液:EtOAc/己烷/MeOH)純化,以給出所欲產物。
2-((4-(6-((5- 氰基噻吩 -2- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-(2- 甲氧基乙基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸甲酯:將對甲苯磺酸單水合物(410 mg, 2.2 mmol)添加至4-(6-((5-氰基噻吩-2-基)甲氧基)吡啶-2 -基)哌啶-1-羧酸三級丁酯(287 mg, 0.72 mmol)於EtOAc(3 mL)之溶液中。將所得混合物加熱至60℃達2.5小時。完成後,過濾反應混合物,用EtOAc (1 × 10 mL)潤洗固體,乾燥固體不經純化繼續使用。將粗產物5- [[6-(4-哌啶基)-2-吡啶基]氧甲基]噻吩-2-甲腈、4-甲基苯磺酸鹽(339 mg, 0.72 mmol)與2-(氯甲基)-3-(2-甲氧基乙基)苯并咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯(224 mg, 0.79 mmol)及碳酸鉀(497 mg, 3.6 mmol)合併於乙腈(6 mL)中。將所得混合物加熱至60℃達16小時,之後將反應內容物倒入水(15 mL)中並用EtOAc (2 × 25 mL)萃取。合併有機層,用鹽水(10 mL)洗滌,以MgSO4乾燥,過濾,濃縮並藉由快速層析法(洗提液:EtOAc/己烷/MeOH)純化,以給出所欲產物。
2-((4-(6-((5- 氰基噻吩 -2- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-(2- 甲氧基乙基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸(實例 2 ):將2-((4-(6-((5-氰基噻吩-2-基)甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1H -苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸甲酯(50 mg, 0.092 mmol)溶解於乙腈(2 mL)中,且添加氫氧化鋰水溶液(0.84 M, 0.21 mL, 0.18 mmol)。將反應加熱至100℃後達7分鐘,接著冷卻至室溫,且用5%檸檬酸水溶液稀釋至pH ~5。將混合物用EtOAc (2 × 15 mL)萃取,並將合併之有機萃取物以MgSO
4乾燥並在真空中濃縮。藉由RP-HPLC(洗提液:具有0.1% TFA之MeCN/水梯度)純化材料,以產出
實例 2作為三氟乙酸鹽。ES/MS: 532.5 (M+H
+);1H NMR (400 MHz,氯仿-d) δ 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.54 (s, 2H), 4.90 (s, 2H), 4.81 – 4.64 (m, 2H), 4.13 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 2H), 3.61 (t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (t, J = 12.1 Hz, 2H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 2.97 (t, J = 11.8 Hz, 1H), 2.42 (q, J = 13.3 Hz, 2H), 2.19 (d, J = 14.7 Hz, 2H)。
實例 3 : 2-[[4-[6-[(2- 氯噻唑 -5- 基 ) 甲氧基 ]-2- 吡啶基 ]-1- 哌啶基 ] 甲基 ]-3-(2- 甲氧基乙基 ) 苯并咪唑 -5- 羧酸 程序 3
2-[[4-[6-[(2- 氯噻唑 -5- 基 ) 甲氧基 ]-2- 吡啶基 ]-1- 哌啶基 ] 甲基 ]-3-(2- 甲氧基乙基 ) 苯并咪唑 -5- 羧酸甲酯:將碳酸鉀(130 mg, 0.94 mmol)添加至2-[[4-(6-羥基-2-吡啶基)-1-哌啶基]甲基]-3-(2-甲氧基乙基)苯并咪唑-5 -羧酸甲酯(100 mg, 0.24 mmol)及(5-氰基-8-喹啉基)甲基甲磺酸甲酯(144 mg, 0.47 mmol)於2 mL DMF之溶液中。將混合物在室溫下攪拌2小時,接著過濾且藉由RP-HPLC(洗提液:水/MeCN *0.1% TFA)純化,以給出所欲產物。ES/MS: 556.4 (M+H
+)。
2-[[4-[6-[(2- 氯噻唑 -5- 基 ) 甲氧基 ]-2- 吡啶基 ]-1- 哌啶基 ] 甲基 ]-3-(2- 甲氧基乙基 ) 苯并咪唑 -5- 羧酸(實例 3 ):將2-[[4-[6-[(2-氯硫唑-5-基)甲氧基]-2-吡啶基]-1-哌啶基]甲基]-3-(2-甲氧基乙基)苯并咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯(42 mg, 0.067 mmol)溶解於1 mL ACN及0.3 mL的1 N氫氧化鋰。將混合物加熱至50℃達2小時。將濾液藉由RP-HPLC(洗提液:水/MeCN *0.1% TFA)純化以產出
實例 3 。ES/MS: 542.9 (M+H
+)。1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.35 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.78 – 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.00 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.61 (s, 2H), 4.86 (s, 2H), 4.64 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.98 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 2H), 3.77 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.58 – 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.15 (p, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.33 (tt, J = 7.9, 3.4 Hz, 4H)。
實例 4. 2-((4-(6-((2- 氯噻唑 -5- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-(2- 甲氧基乙基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸
2-((4-(6-((2-氯噻唑-5-基)甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸係根據上述程序3製備。1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.35 (dd, J = 1.5, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J = 8.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.82 (s, 2H), 4.85 – 4.82 (m, 2H), 4.65 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.94 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 2H), 3.83 – 3.71 (m, 2H), 3.54 – 3.38 (m, 2H), 3.35 (dd, J = 3.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.21 – 3.02 (m, 1H), 2.25 (q, J = 5.2, 4.6 Hz, 4H)。
實例 5. (S)-2-((4-(6-((1- 甲基 -1H- 吡唑 -3- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-( 氧呾 -2- 基甲基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸 程序 4
(S)-2-((4-(6-((1- 甲基 -1H- 吡唑 -3- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-( 氧呾 -2- 基甲基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸甲酯:將3-(溴甲基)-1-甲基-吡唑(21 mg, 0.12 mmol)、2-[[4-(6-羥基-2-吡啶基)-1-哌啶基]甲基]-3-[[(2S)-氧呾-2-基]甲基]苯并咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯(
I-1) (80%, 60 mg, 0.11 mmol)、及碳酸銫(57 mg, 0.18 mmol)於MeCN (3 mL)之懸浮液中,在60℃下加熱整夜。將反應用EtOAc稀釋,並用鹽水洗滌。將有機萃取物以硫酸鈉乾燥,並藉由快速層析法(洗提液:EtOAc/己烷)純化,以給出所欲產物。ES/MS: 531.2 (M+H
+)。
(S)-2-((4-(6-((1- 甲基 -1H- 吡唑 -3- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-( 氧呾 -2- 基甲基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸(實例 5 ):將2-[[4-[6-[(1-甲基吡唑-3-基)甲氧基]-2-吡啶基]-1-哌啶基]甲基]-3-[[(2S)-氧呾-2-基]甲基]苯并咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯(14.6 mg, 0.0275 mmol)及氫氧化鋰單水合物(0.300 M, 0.275 mL, 0.0825 mmol)於MeCN (3 mL)之溶液在40 ml反應小瓶中之懸浮液,在100℃下加熱3分鐘。接著,添加氫氧化鋰單水合物(0.300 M, 0.275 mL, 0.0825 mmol)之額外溶液,隨後將懸浮液再加熱3分鐘。將反應混合物用EtOAc及鹽水稀釋。向所得稀釋液中添加0.170 mL的1M檸檬酸。將有機萃取物以硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。將粗殘餘物藉由RP-HPLC純化(洗提液:MeCN/H
2O)。所得產物流份用EtOAc稀釋且用碳酸氫鈉溶液中和。將有機萃取物以硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮至產出
實例 5。ES/MS: 517.2 (M+H
+);1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.01 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.60 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 5.35 (s, 2H), 5.29 (qd, J = 7.3, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.76 – 4.58 (m, 2H), 4.48 (dt, J = 9.3, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (t, J = 17.1 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 3H), 2.82 (q, J = 8.8, 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.60 – 2.45 (m, 1H), 2.24 – 1.90 (m, 5H), 1.31 (s, 3H)。
實例 6. (S)-2-((4-(6-((5- 氰基噻吩 -2- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-( 氧呾 -2- 基甲基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸
(S)-2-((4-(6-((5-氰基噻吩-2-基)甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1-(氧呾-2-基甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸係根據上述程序4製備。1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.37 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.74 – 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.28 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.68 (s, 2H), 5.26 (qd, J = 7.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (dd, J = 15.9, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (ddd, J = 13.6, 5.8, 2.9 Hz, 2H), 4.46 (dt, J = 9.3, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 2H), 3.53 – 3.38 (m, 2H), 3.17 – 2.99 (m, 1H), 2.84 (dtd, J = 11.5, 8.2, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 2.53 (tt, J = 10.3, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 2.43-2.25 (m, 4H)。
實例 7. (S)-2-((4-(6-((5- 胺甲醯基噻吩 -2- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-( 氧呾 -2- 基甲基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸
(S)-2-((4-(6-((5-胺甲醯基噻吩-2-基)甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1-(氧呾-2-基甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸係根據程序4製備。1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.36 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J = 8.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.62 (s, 2H), 5.31 – 5.17 (m, 1H), 4.80 (dd, J = 15.9, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.74 – 4.62 (m, 2H), 4.45 (dt, J = 9.2, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (s, 2H), 3.57 – 3.37 (m, 2H), 3.21 – 3.03 (m, 1H), 2.82 (dq, J = 13.8, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 2.62 – 2.42 (m, 1H), 2.27 (s, 4H)。
實例 8. (S)-2-((4-(6-((1-( 二氟甲基 )-1H- 吡唑 -3- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-( 氧呾 -2- 基甲基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸
(S)-2-((4-(6-((1-(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-3-基)甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1-(氧呾-2-基甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸係根據程序4製備。1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.14 – 7.97 (m, 2H), 7.84 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.72 – 7.59 (m, 1H), 7.42 (d, J = 59.6 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 5.46 (s, 2H), 5.25 (dd, J = 7.2, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 4.86 – 4.60 (m, 4H), 4.46 (dt, J = 9.5, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (d, J = 12.1 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (p, J = 11.2, 10.1 Hz, 2H), 3.17 – 2.95 (m, 1H), 2.83 (ddd, J = 10.5, 5.8, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 2.65 – 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.38 – 2.08 (m, 4H)。
實例 9. 2-[[4-[6-[[5-[2-(1- 甲基吡唑 -4- 基 ) 乙炔基 ]-2- 噻吩基 ] 甲氧基 ]-2- 吡啶基 ]-1- 哌啶基 ] 甲基 ]-3-[[(2S)- 氧呾 -2- 基 ] 甲基 ] 苯并咪唑 -5- 羧酸 程序 5
2-[[4-[6-[(2,2- 二氟 -1,3- 苯并二噁唑 -4- 基 ) 甲氧基 ]-2- 吡啶基 ]-1- 哌啶基 ] 甲基 ]-3-(2- 甲氧基乙基 ) 苯并咪唑 -5- 羧酸甲酯:將2-[[4-(6-羥基-2-吡啶基)-1-哌啶基]甲基]-3-(2-甲氧基乙基)苯并咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯(
I-1) (124 mg, 0.23 mmol)、2-溴-5-(氯甲基)噻吩(51 mg, 0.24 mmol)、及碳酸銀(157 mg, 0.57 mmol)溶解於甲苯(3.0 mL)中。將混合物在95℃下攪拌4 h。此後,將混合物通過矽藻土塞過濾且真空濃縮。將所得殘餘物藉由矽膠管柱層析法(洗提液:EtOAc/己烷)純化:ES/MS: 611.1 (M+H
+)。
2-[[4-[6-[[5-[2-(1- 甲基吡唑 -4- 基 ) 乙炔基 ]-2- 噻吩基 ] 甲氧基 ]-2- 吡啶基 ]-1- 哌啶基 ] 甲基 ]-3-[[(2S)- 氧呾 -2- 基 ] 甲基 ] 苯并咪唑 -5- 羧酸甲酯:將2-[[4-[6-[(2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并二噁唑(benzodioxol)-4-基)甲氧基]-2-吡啶基]-1-哌啶基]甲基]-3-(2-甲氧基乙基)苯并咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯(60 mg, 0.10 mmol)、4-乙炔基-1-甲基-吡唑(100 mg, 1.0 mmol)、雙(三苯基膦基)氯化鈀(34 mg, 0.05 mmol)、碘化亞銅(9 mg, 0.05 mmol)、二異丙胺(0.3 mL, 2.0 mmol)溶解於DMF (1.6 mL)中。將混合物用氬氣脫氣且在100℃下攪拌2 h。此後,將混合物用水(10 mL)稀釋且用EtOAc (3 × 10 mL)萃取。將合併之有機物以Na
2SO
4乾燥,在真空中濃縮,並藉由矽膠管柱層析法(洗提液:丙酮/己烷)純化:ES/MS: 637.2 (M+H
+)。
2-[[4-[6-[[5-[2-(1- 甲基吡唑 -4- 基 ) 乙炔基 ]-2- 噻吩基 ] 甲氧基 ]-2- 吡啶基 ]-1- 哌啶基 ] 甲基 ]-3-[[(2S)- 氧呾 -2- 基 ] 甲基 ] 苯并咪唑 -5- 羧酸(實例 9 ):將2-[[4-[6-[[5-[2-(1-甲基吡唑-4-基)乙炔基]-2-噻吩基]甲氧基]-2 -吡啶基]-1-哌啶基]甲基]-3-[[(2S)-氧呾-2-基]甲基]苯并咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯(23 mg, 0.036 mmol)溶解於乙腈(0.4 mL)中,並添加氫氧化鋰水溶液(0.3 M, 0.4 mL, 0.12 mmol)。將混合物加熱至105℃達4分鐘。在此時間後,將混合物用水(5 mL)稀釋,將pH用5%檸檬酸水溶液調整至~5,並將混合物用EtOAc (3 × 5 mL)萃取。將合併之有機物以Na
2SO
4乾燥,在真空中濃縮,並藉由中性RP-HPLC(洗提液:MeCN/水)純化,以產出
實例 9。ES/MS: 623.2 (M+H+);
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.27 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.69 – 7.59 (m, 3H), 7.21 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 5.54 (s, 2H), 5.11 (qd, J = 7.2, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (dd, J = 15.2, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (dd, J = 15.3, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (td, J = 8.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (dt, J = 9.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.98 (d, J = 13.5 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.79 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H), 2.89 (d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H), 2.70 (dtd, J = 16.2, 8.0, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.48 – 2.38 (m, 1H), 2.26 (dd, J = 33.8, 19.8 Hz, 2H), 1.83 (dd, J = 25.0, 12.8 Hz, 4H)。
實例 10. 2-[[2,5- 二氟 -4-[6-[[4-( 三氟甲基 )-2- 噻吩基 ] 甲氧基 ]-2- 吡啶基 ] 苯基 ] 甲基 ]-3-[[(2S)- 氧呾 -2- 基 ] 甲基 ] 苯并咪唑 -5- 羧酸 程序 6
2-[[2,5- 二氟 -4-[6-[[4-( 三氟甲基 )-2- 噻吩基 ] 甲氧基 ]-2- 吡啶基 ] 苯基 ] 甲基 ]-3-[[(2S)- 氧呾 -2- 基 ] 甲基 ] 苯并咪唑 -5- 羧酸甲酯:將2-[[2,5-二氟-4-(6-羥基-2-吡啶基)苯基]甲基]-3-[[(2S)-氧呾-2-基]甲基]苯并咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯(
I-1) (50 mg, 0.11 mmol)、2-(溴甲基)-4-(三氟甲基)噻吩(32 mg, 0.13 mmol)、及碳酸銀(74 mg, 0.27 mmol)溶解於甲苯(3.0 mL)中。將混合物在95℃下攪拌4 h。此後,將混合物通過矽藻土塞過濾且真空濃縮。將所得殘餘物藉由矽膠管柱層析法(洗提液:EtOAc/己烷)純化:ES/MS: 630.0 (M+H
+)。
2-[[2,5- 二氟 -4-[6-[[4-( 三氟甲基 )-2- 噻吩基 ] 甲氧基 ]-2- 吡啶基 ] 苯基 ] 甲基 ]-3-[[(2S)- 氧呾 -2- 基 ] 甲基 ] 苯并咪唑 -5- 羧酸(實例 10 ):將2-[[2,5-二氟-4-[6-[[4-(三氟甲基)-2-噻吩基]甲氧基]-2-吡啶基]苯基]甲基]-3-[[(2S)-氧呾-2-基]甲基]苯并咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯(50 mg, 0.079 mmol)溶解於乙腈(0.4 mL)中,且添加氫氧化鋰水溶液(1 M, 0.24 mL, 0.24 mmol)。將混合物加熱至105℃達4分鐘。在此時間後,將混合物用水(5 mL)稀釋,將pH用5%檸檬酸水溶液調整至~5,並將混合物用EtOAc (3 × 5 mL)萃取。將合併之有機物以Na
2SO
4乾燥,在真空中濃縮,並藉由RP-HPLC(洗提液:MeCN/水)純化。所得產物流份用EtOAc稀釋且用碳酸氫鈉溶液中和。將有機萃取物以硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮至產出
實例 10。ES/MS: 616.0 (M+H+);
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.30 – 8.18 (m, 2H), 7.95 (dd, J = 10.5, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (dd, J = 11.6, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (s, 2H), 5.08 (qd, J = 7.1, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (dd, J = 15.6, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (dd, J = 15.6, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.59 – 4.41 (m, 3H), 4.36 (dt, J = 9.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 2.72 (dtd, J = 11.0, 8.1, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 2.48 – 2.30 (m, 1H)。
實例 11. 2-((4-(6-((6- 氯苯并 [b] 噻吩 -3- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-(2- 甲氧基乙基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸
2-((4-(6-((6-氯苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸係根據程序6製備。1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.37 – 8.28 (m, 1H), 8.03 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.91 – 7.84 (m, 2H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J = 8.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.65 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 2H), 4.81 (s, 2H), 4.62 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.92 (d, J = 11.3 Hz, 2H), 3.78 – 3.68 (m, 2H), 3.42 (t, J = 11.4 Hz, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.17 – 3.04 (m, 1H), 2.43 – 2.18 (m, 4H)。
實例 12. 1-(2- 甲氧基乙基 )-2-((4-(6-( 噻吩 -3 - 基甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸
1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-2-((4-(6-(噻吩-3-基甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸係根據程序6製備,1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.33 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J = 8.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.43 – 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.15 (dd, J = 4.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (dd, J = 8.3, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 5.42 (s, 2H), 4.82 (s, 2H), 4.62 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.92 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (dd, J = 5.3, 4.2 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (td, J = 12.3, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.15 – 2.99 (m, 1H), 2.27 (dtd, J = 23.4, 14.8, 13.1, 5.9 Hz, 4H)。
實例 13. 2-((4-(6-( 苯并 [b] 噻吩 -3- 基甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-(2- 甲氧基乙基 )-1H- 苯并
2-((4-(6-(苯并[b]噻吩-3-基甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1H-苯并係根據程序6製備。1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.33 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.69 – 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.42 – 7.34 (m, 2H), 6.93 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (s, 2H), 4.61 (t, J = 5.0 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 2H), 3.74 (t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (td, J = 12.2, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.10 (td, J = 11.2, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 2.33 – 2.20 (m, 4H)。
實例 14. (S)-1-( 氧呾 -2- 基甲基 )-2-((4-(6-((5-( 三氟甲基 ) 噻唑 -2- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸
(S)-1-(氧呾-2-基甲基)-2-((4-(6-((5-(三氟甲基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸係根據程序6製備,1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.45 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, J = 39.4 Hz, 3H), 6.91 (d, J = 64.7 Hz, 2H), 5.75 (s, 2H), 5.08 (s, 1H), 4.81 (dd, J = 15.3, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.75 – 4.61 (m, 1H), 4.49 (td, J = 8.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (s, 1H), 3.79 (s, 1H), 2.91 (d, J = 55.9 Hz, 2H), 2.71 (dt, J = 16.0, 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.51 – 2.31 (m, 1H), 1.97 (d, J = 163.8 Hz, 6H)。
實例 15. (S)-1-( 氧呾 -2- 基甲基 )-2-((4-(6-((4-( 三氟甲基 ) 噻唑 -2- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸
(S)-1-(氧呾-2-基甲基)-2-((4-(6-((4-(三氟甲基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸係根據程序6製備。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.69 – 7.57 (m, 1H), 6.96 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.71 (s, 2H), 5.18 – 5.01 (m, 1H), 4.80 (dd, J = 15.3, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (dd, J = 15.4, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (td, J = 7.9, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (dt, J = 9.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (s, 1H), 3.78 (s, 1H), 2.99 (s, 1H), 2.84 (s, 1H), 2.77 – 2.55 (m, 2H), 2.42 (s, 1H), 2.33 – 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.78 (s, 4H)。
實例 16. (S)-1-( 氧呾 -2- 基甲基 )-2-((4-(6-((4-( 三氟甲基 ) 噻吩 -2- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸
(S)-1-(氧呾-2-基甲基)-2-((4-(6-((4-(三氟甲基)噻吩-2-基)甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸係根據程序6製備。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.23 (t, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 – 7.62 (m, 3H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.60 (s, 2H), 5.08 (s, 1H), 4.83 (dd, J = 15.4, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.69 (d, J = 15.3 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (dt, J = 9.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 2H), 2.96 (s, 2H), 2.69 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 2.45 – 1.41 (m, 7H)。
實例 17. (S)-2-((4-(6-((5- 氰基噻唑 -2- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1-( 氧呾 -2- 基甲基 )- 1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸
(S)-2-((4-(6-((5-氰基噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1-(氧呾-2-基甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸係根據程序6製備。1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J = 8.3, 7.3 Hz, 2H), 6.95 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.77 (s, 2H), 5.29 (td, J = 7.1, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (d, J = 19.1 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (dd, J = 15.3, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (td, J = 8.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (dt, J = 9.2, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.12 – 4.07 (m, 1H), 3.99 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), 3.19 – 3.11 (m, 1H), 3.03 (d, J = 11.7 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (ddd, J = 14.3, 11.3, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 2.77 – 2.68 (m, 1H), 2.56 (ddd, J = 18.0, 10.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 2.38 (dd, J = 14.9, 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.96 – 1.81 (m, 4H)。
實例 18. 1-(2- 甲氧基乙基 )-2-((4-(6-( 噻唑 -2- 基甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸
1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-2-((4-(6-(噻唑-2-基甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸係根據程序6製備。1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.05 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J = 5.8, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 7.76 – 7.67 (m, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.76 (s, 2H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 4.64 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (s, 2H), 3.77 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.42 (s, 2H), 3.10 (s, 1H), 2.24 (q, J = 15.3, 14.0 Hz, 4H)。
實例 19. 1-(2- 甲氧基乙基 )-2-((4-(6-( 噻唑 -4- 基甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸
1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-2-((4-(6-(噻唑-4-基甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸係根據程序6製備。1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 9.05 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.09 – 7.97 (m, 1H), 7.82 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.72 – 7.60 (m, 2H), 6.95 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.58 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 2H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 4.64 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.94 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (t, J = 12.1 Hz, 2H), 3.17 – 2.98 (m, 2H), 2.37 – 2.16 (m, 4H)。
實例 20. 1-(2- 甲氧基乙基 )-2-((4-(6-((2- 甲基 -2H-1,2,3- 三唑 -4- 基 ) 甲氧基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ) 哌啶 -1- 基 ) 甲基 )-1H- 苯并 [d] 咪唑 -6- 羧酸
1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-2-((4-(6-((2-甲基-2H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基)甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)哌啶-1-基)甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸係根據程序6製備。1H NMR (400 MHz,乙腈-d3) δ 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.00 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 – 7.60 (m, 2H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.44 (s, 2H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 4.57 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (s, 3H), 3.84 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.37 (s, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 2.14 (q, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 2.11 – 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.80 (p, J = 2.5 Hz, 2H)。
[表 2 ]化合物
C. 生物資料 GLP-1R 活化 – cAMP 檢定 1
實例 | 結構 | 程序 | ES/MS m/z | 1 H NMR |
1 | 1 | 550.3 | 1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.32 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J = 8.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.57 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 2H), 4.83 (s, 2H), 4.62 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.94 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.55 – 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.20 – 3.01 (m, 1H), 2.49 – 2.03 (m, 4H)。 | |
2 | 2 | 532.5 | 1H NMR (400 MHz,氯仿-d) δ 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.54 (s, 2H), 4.90 (s, 2H), 4.81 – 4.64 (m, 2H), 4.13 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 2H), 3.61 (t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (t, J = 12.1 Hz, 2H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 2.97 (t, J = 11.8 Hz, 1H), 2.42 (q, J = 13.3 Hz, 2H), 2.19 (d, J = 14.7 Hz, 2H)。 | |
3 | 3 | 542.9 | 1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.35 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.78 – 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.00 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.61 (s, 2H), 4.86 (s, 2H), 4.64 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.98 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 2H), 3.77 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.58 – 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.15 (p, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.33 (tt, J = 7.9, 3.4 Hz, 4H)。 | |
4 | 3 | 543.6 | 1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.35 (dd, J = 1.5, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J = 8.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.82 (s, 2H), 4.85 – 4.82 (m, 2H), 4.65 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.94 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 2H), 3.83 – 3.71 (m, 2H), 3.54 – 3.38 (m, 2H), 3.35 (dd, J = 3.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.21 – 3.02 (m, 1H), 2.25 (q, J = 5.2, 4.6 Hz, 4H)。 | |
5 | 4 | 517.2 | 1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.01 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.60 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 5.35 (s, 2H), 5.29 (qd, J = 7.3, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.76 – 4.58 (m, 2H), 4.48 (dt, J = 9.3, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (t, J = 17.1 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 3H), 2.82 (q, J = 8.8, 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.60 – 2.45 (m, 1H), 2.24 – 1.90 (m, 5H), 1.31 (s, 3H)。 | |
6 | 4 | 544.2 | 1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.37 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.74 – 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.28 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.68 (s, 2H), 5.26 (qd, J = 7.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (dd, J = 15.9, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (ddd, J = 13.6, 5.8, 2.9 Hz, 2H), 4.46 (dt, J = 9.3, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 2H), 3.53 – 3.38 (m, 2H), 3.17 – 2.99 (m, 1H), 2.84 (dtd, J = 11.5, 8.2, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 2.53 (tt, J = 10.3, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 2.43-2.25 (m, 4H)。 | |
7 | 4 | 562.4 | 1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.36 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J = 8.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.62 (s, 2H), 5.31 – 5.17 (m, 1H), 4.80 (dd, J = 15.9, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.74 – 4.62 (m, 2H), 4.45 (dt, J = 9.2, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (s, 2H), 3.57 – 3.37 (m, 2H), 3.21 – 3.03 (m, 1H), 2.82 (dq, J = 13.8, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 2.62 – 2.42 (m, 1H), 2.27 (s, 4H)。 | |
8 | 4 | 535.5 | 1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.14 – 7.97 (m, 2H), 7.84 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.72 – 7.59 (m, 1H), 7.42 (d, J = 59.6 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 5.46 (s, 2H), 5.25 (dd, J = 7.2, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 4.86 – 4.60 (m, 4H), 4.46 (dt, J = 9.5, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (d, J = 12.1 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (p, J = 11.2, 10.1 Hz, 2H), 3.17 – 2.95 (m, 1H), 2.83 (ddd, J = 10.5, 5.8, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 2.65 – 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.38 – 2.08 (m, 4H)。 | |
9 | 5 | 623.2 | 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.27 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.69 – 7.59 (m, 3H), 7.21 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 5.54 (s, 2H), 5.11 (qd, J = 7.2, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (dd, J = 15.2, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (dd, J = 15.3, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (td, J = 8.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (dt, J = 9.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.98 (d, J = 13.5 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.79 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H), 2.89 (d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H), 2.70 (dtd, J = 16.2, 8.0, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.48 – 2.38 (m, 1H), 2.26 (dd, J = 33.8, 19.8 Hz, 2H), 1.83 (dd, J = 25.0, 12.8 Hz, 4H)。 | |
10 | 6 | 616.0 | 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.30 – 8.18 (m, 2H), 7.95 (dd, J = 10.5, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (dd, J = 11.6, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (s, 2H), 5.08 (qd, J = 7.1, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (dd, J = 15.6, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (dd, J = 15.6, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.59 – 4.41 (m, 3H), 4.36 (dt, J = 9.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 2.72 (dtd, J = 11.0, 8.1, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 2.48 – 2.30 (m, 1H)。 | |
11 | 6 | 591.3 | 1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.37 – 8.28 (m, 1H), 8.03 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.91 – 7.84 (m, 2H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J = 8.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.65 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 2H), 4.81 (s, 2H), 4.62 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.92 (d, J = 11.3 Hz, 2H), 3.78 – 3.68 (m, 2H), 3.42 (t, J = 11.4 Hz, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.17 – 3.04 (m, 1H), 2.43 – 2.18 (m, 4H)。 | |
12 | 6 | 507.2 | 1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.33 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J = 8.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.43 – 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.15 (dd, J = 4.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (dd, J = 8.3, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 5.42 (s, 2H), 4.82 (s, 2H), 4.62 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.92 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (dd, J = 5.3, 4.2 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (td, J = 12.3, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.15 – 2.99 (m, 1H), 2.27 (dtd, J = 23.4, 14.8, 13.1, 5.9 Hz, 4H)。 | |
13 | 6 | 557.2 | 1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.33 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.69 – 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.42 – 7.34 (m, 2H), 6.93 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (s, 2H), 4.61 (t, J = 5.0 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 2H), 3.74 (t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (td, J = 12.2, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.10 (td, J = 11.2, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 2.33 – 2.20 (m, 4H)。 | |
14 | 6 | 588.2 | 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.45 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, J = 39.4 Hz, 3H), 6.91 (d, J = 64.7 Hz, 2H), 5.75 (s, 2H), 5.08 (s, 1H), 4.81 (dd, J = 15.3, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.75 – 4.61 (m, 1H), 4.49 (td, J = 8.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (s, 1H), 3.79 (s, 1H), 2.91 (d, J = 55.9 Hz, 2H), 2.71 (dt, J = 16.0, 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.51 – 2.31 (m, 1H), 1.97 (d, J = 163.8 Hz, 6H)。 | |
15 | 6 | 588.2 | 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.69 – 7.57 (m, 1H), 6.96 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.71 (s, 2H), 5.18 – 5.01 (m, 1H), 4.80 (dd, J = 15.3, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (dd, J = 15.4, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (td, J = 7.9, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (dt, J = 9.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (s, 1H), 3.78 (s, 1H), 2.99 (s, 1H), 2.84 (s, 1H), 2.77 – 2.55 (m, 2H), 2.42 (s, 1H), 2.33 – 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.78 (s, 4H)。 | |
16 | 6 | 587.2 | 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.23 (t, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 – 7.62 (m, 3H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.60 (s, 2H), 5.08 (s, 1H), 4.83 (dd, J = 15.4, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.69 (d, J = 15.3 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (dt, J = 9.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 2H), 2.96 (s, 2H), 2.69 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 2.45 – 1.41 (m, 7H)。 | |
17 | 6 | 545.2 | 1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J = 8.3, 7.3 Hz, 2H), 6.95 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.77 (s, 2H), 5.29 (td, J = 7.1, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (d, J = 19.1 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (dd, J = 15.3, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (td, J = 8.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (dt, J = 9.2, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.12 – 4.07 (m, 1H), 3.99 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), 3.19 – 3.11 (m, 1H), 3.03 (d, J = 11.7 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (ddd, J = 14.3, 11.3, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 2.77 – 2.68 (m, 1H), 2.56 (ddd, J = 18.0, 10.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 2.38 (dd, J = 14.9, 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.96 – 1.81 (m, 4H)。 | |
18 | 6 | 508.2 | 1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.05 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J = 5.8, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 7.76 – 7.67 (m, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.76 (s, 2H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 4.64 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (s, 2H), 3.77 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.42 (s, 2H), 3.10 (s, 1H), 2.24 (q, J = 15.3, 14.0 Hz, 4H)。 | |
19 | 6 | 508.2 | 1H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4) δ 9.05 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.09 – 7.97 (m, 1H), 7.82 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.72 – 7.60 (m, 2H), 6.95 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.58 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 2H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 4.64 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.94 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (t, J = 12.1 Hz, 2H), 3.17 – 2.98 (m, 2H), 2.37 – 2.16 (m, 4H)。 | |
20 | 6 | 506.2 | 1H NMR (400 MHz,乙腈-d3) δ 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.00 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 – 7.60 (m, 2H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.44 (s, 2H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 4.57 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (s, 3H), 3.84 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.37 (s, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 2.14 (q, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 2.11 – 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.80 (p, J = 2.5 Hz, 2H)。 |
藉由量測穩定表現GLP-1R(MultiSpan產品# C1267-1a)之CHO細胞中之cAMP增加來量化本揭露之化合物之GLP-1R活化。收集細胞且接種在以1,000個細胞/孔在384孔盤中(Greiner產品# 781080)之生長培養基(DMEM/F-12(Corning產品# 10-090-CV),該生長培養基補充有10% FBS(HyClone產品# SH30071-03)、青黴素/鏈黴素(Corning產品# 30-002CI)、及10 µg/ml嘌呤黴素(Gibco產品# A11138-03))。接著將細胞在37℃、5% CO
2下培養整夜。隔天,移除培養基,並將細胞用DPBS(Corning產品# 21-031-CM)洗滌,之後添加檢定培養基(HBSS,Corning產品# 21-023-CV),其具有20 mM Hepes(Gibco產品# 15630-080)及0.1% BSA(Rockland Immunochemicals產品# BSA-1000)。在培養基更換後,將細胞在37℃、5% CO
2下培養1小時。將所測試之GLP-1化合物以10點劑量反應添加至細胞,接著在37℃、5% CO
2下培育30分鐘。接著根據商品製造人之方案使用Cisbio之cAMP Gs動態套組(產品# 62AM4PEC)檢測cAMP濃度增加。將反應對促效劑濃度的對數作圖,並擬合至S形方程式,以判定EC
50。
GLP-1R 活化 – cAMP 檢定 2
藉由量測穩定表現GLP-1R(MultiSpan產品# C1267-1a)之CHO細胞中之cAMP增加來量化小分子促效劑之GLP-1R活化。使用Labcyte Echo系統以10點劑量反應將50 nL促效劑預點樣在384孔盤上(Corning產品# CL3826)。收集細胞且接種在以1,000個細胞/孔,10 µL/孔,於預點盤上之分析緩衝液(HBSS(Corning產品# 21-023-CV),該分析緩衝液具有20 mM Hepes(Gibco產品# 15630-080)及0.1% BSA(Rockland Immunochemicals產品# BSA-1000))或100%人類血漿(Innovative Research產品#50-643-396)。接著將細胞在37℃、5% CO
2下培育30分鐘。接著根據商品製造人之方案使用Cisbio之cAMP Gs動態套組(產品# 62AM4PEC)檢測cAMP濃度增加。將反應對促效劑濃度的對數作圖,並擬合至S形方程式,以判定EC
50。
[表 3 ]活性
實例 編號 | GLP-1R 活化 – 檢定 1 EC50 (nm) | GLP-1R 活化 – 檢定 2 EC50 (nm) |
1 | 165.6 | |
2 | 47.3 | |
3 | 306.6 | |
4 | 294.5 | |
5 | >100 | |
6 | 0.9 | |
7 | 36.5 | |
8 | 21.5 | |
9 | 3.3 | |
10 | 0.4 | |
11 | 155.6 | |
12 | 831.4 | |
13 | 196.9 | |
14 | 1.8 | |
15 | 5.2 | |
16 | 4.1 | |
17 | 24.1 | |
18 | 869.0 | |
19 | 5895.5 | |
20 | 4345.1 |
儘管出於清楚理解之目的,已藉由說明及實例之方式對前文進行某種程度詳細地描述,所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將理解,可在隨附申請專利範圍之範疇內實行某些變化及修改。此外,本文提供之各參考文獻以全文引用方式併入本文中,如同各參考文獻個別地以引用方式併入本文中。當本申請案與本文提供之參考文獻之間存在衝突時,以本申請案為準。
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Claims (17)
- 一種醫藥組成物,其包含醫藥有效量之如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及醫藥上可接受之載劑或賦形劑。
- 如請求項2之醫藥組成物,其進一步包含一或多種額外治療劑。
- 如請求項3之醫藥組成物,其中該一或多種額外治療劑包含YY肽或其類似物、神經肽Y受體第2型(NPYR2)促效劑、NPYR1促效劑、NPYR5拮抗劑、第一型大麻素受體(CB1 R)拮抗劑、脂酶抑制劑、人類前胰島肽(human proislet peptide,HIP)、黑皮質素受體4促效劑(MC4R)、黑色素濃縮激素受體1拮抗劑、類法尼醇X受體(FXR)促效劑、細胞凋亡信號調節激酶(ASK-1)抑制劑、唑尼沙胺(zonisamide)、芬他命(phentermine)、正腎上腺素/多巴胺再吸收抑制劑、類鴉片受體拮抗劑、正腎上腺素/多巴胺再吸收抑制劑與類鴉片受體拮抗劑之組合、GDF-15類似物、西布曲明(sibutramine)、膽囊收縮素促效劑、澱粉素及其類似物、瘦素及其類似物、血清素劑(serotonergic agent)、甲硫胺酸胺肽酶2(MetAP2)抑制劑、苯甲曲秦(phendimetrazine)、二乙胺苯酮(diethylpropion)、苄非他明(benzphetamine)、SGLT2抑制劑、SGLTL1抑制劑、SGLT2/SGLT1雙重抑制劑、纖維母細胞生長因子受體(FGFR)調節劑、AMP活化蛋白質激酶(AMPK)活化劑、生物素、MAS受體調節劑、升糖素受體促效劑、過氧化物酶體增殖物活化受體α(PPARα)促效劑、魚油、乙醯coA羧化酶(ACC)抑制劑、TGFβ拮抗劑、GFRAL促效劑及/或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項4之醫藥組成物,其中該脂酶抑制劑係奧利司他(orlistat),該黑皮質素受體4促效劑(MC4R)係賽特美泰(setmelanotide),該類法尼醇X受體(FXR)促效劑係奧貝膽酸(obeticholic acid),芬他命(phentermine)係與 托吡酯(topiramate)組合使用,該正腎上腺素/多巴胺再吸收抑制劑係安非他酮(buproprion),該類鴉片受體拮抗劑係那曲酮(naltrexone),該正腎上腺素/多巴胺再吸收抑制劑與類鴉片受體拮抗劑之組合係安非他酮與那曲酮之組合,該澱粉素及其類似物係普蘭林肽(pramlintide),該瘦素及其類似物係美曲普汀(metroleptin),該血清素劑(serotonergic agent)係氯卡色林(lorcaserin),該甲硫胺酸胺肽酶2(MetAP2)抑制劑係貝洛拉尼(beloranib)或ZGN-1061,該SGLT2抑制劑係恩格列淨(empagliflozin)、卡格列淨(canagliflozin)、達格列淨(dapagliflozin)、伊格列淨(ipragliflozin)、托格列淨(tofogliflozin)、依碳酸舍格列淨(sergliflozin etabonate)、依碳酸瑞格列淨(remogliflozin etabonate)或艾托格列淨(ertugliflozin),及/或該升糖素受體促效劑係與另一種GLP-1 R促效劑組合使用。
- 如請求項5之醫藥組成物,其中該另一種GLP-1 R促效劑係利拉魯肽(liraglutide)、艾塞那肽(exenatide)、度拉魯肽(dulaglutide)、阿必魯肽(albiglutide)、利西拉肽(lixisenatide)或索馬魯肽(semaglutide)。
- 一種如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之用途,其係用以製造用於治療GLP-1R介導之疾病或病況之醫藥品。
- 如請求項7之用途,其中該疾病或病況包含肝病。
- 如請求項8之用途,其中該疾病或病況包含肝纖維化、非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)、非酒精性脂肪肝炎(NASH)、肝硬化、代償性肝纖維化、代償不全之肝纖維化、肝細胞癌、原發性膽汁性肝硬化(PBC)或原發性硬化性膽管炎(PSC)。
- 如請求項9之用途,其中該疾病或病況包含非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)。
- 如請求項9之用途,其中該疾病或病況包含非酒精性脂肪肝炎(NASH)。
- 如請求項7之用途,其中該疾病或病況包含代謝疾病。
- 如請求項12之用途,其中該疾病或病況包含第I型糖尿病、第II型糖尿病、糖尿病前期、特發性第I型糖尿病、潛伏性自體免疫糖尿病、年輕人成年型糖尿病、早發型糖尿病、營養不良性糖尿病、妊娠糖尿病、高血糖症、胰島素抗性、肝臟胰島素抗性、葡萄糖耐受不良、糖尿病神經病變、糖尿病腎病變、腎病、糖尿病視網膜病變、脂肪細胞功能障礙、內臟脂肪沉積、肥胖、飲食失調、睡眠呼吸中止症、體重增加、糖癮、異常血脂症、高胰島素血症、鬱血性心臟衰竭、心肌梗塞、中風、出血性中風、缺血性中風、創傷性腦損傷、肺高壓、血管成形術後再狹窄、間歇性跛行、餐後脂血症、代謝性酸中毒、酮症、關節炎、左心室肥大、巴金森氏症、周邊動脈疾病、黃斑部病變、白內障、腎絲球硬化症、慢性腎衰竭、代謝症候群、心絞痛、經前症候群、血栓、動脈粥樣硬化、葡萄糖代謝異常、血管再狹窄、失智症或阿茲海默症。
- 如請求項7至13中任一項之用途,其中該醫藥品進一步包含額外治療劑或係與額外治療劑併用。
- 如請求項14之用途,其中該額外治療劑包含YY肽或其類似物、神經肽Y受體第2型(NPYR2)促效劑、NPYR1促效劑、NPYR5拮抗劑、第一型大麻素受體(CB1 R)拮抗劑、脂酶抑制劑、人類前胰島肽(human proislet peptide,HIP)、黑皮質素受體4促效劑(MC4R)、黑色素濃縮激素受體1拮抗劑、 類法尼醇X受體(FXR)促效劑、細胞凋亡信號調節激酶(ASK-1)抑制劑、唑尼沙胺(zonisamide)、芬他命(phentermine)、正腎上腺素/多巴胺再吸收抑制劑、類鴉片受體拮抗劑、正腎上腺素/多巴胺再吸收抑制劑與類鴉片受體拮抗劑之組合、GDF-15類似物、西布曲明(sibutramine)、膽囊收縮素促效劑、澱粉素及其類似物、瘦素及其類似物、血清素劑(serotonergic agent)、甲硫胺酸胺肽酶2(MetAP2)抑制劑、苯甲曲秦(phendimetrazine)、二乙胺苯酮(diethylpropion)、苄非他明(benzphetamine)、SGLT2抑制劑、SGLTL1抑制劑、SGLT2/SGLT1雙重抑制劑、纖維母細胞生長因子受體(FGFR)調節劑、AMP活化蛋白質激酶(AMPK)活化劑、生物素、MAS受體調節劑、升糖素受體促效劑、過氧化物酶體增殖物活化受體α(PPARα)促效劑、魚油、乙醯coA羧化酶(ACC)抑制劑、TGFβ拮抗劑、GFRAL促效劑及/或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項15之用途,其中該脂酶抑制劑係奧利司他(orlistat),該黑皮質素受體4促效劑(MC4R)係賽特美泰(setmelanotide),該類法尼醇X受體(FXR)促效劑係奧貝膽酸(obeticholic acid),芬他命(phentermine)係與托吡酯(topiramate)組合使用,該正腎上腺素/多巴胺再吸收抑制劑係安非他酮(buproprion),該類鴉片受體拮抗劑係那曲酮(naltrexone),該正腎上腺素/多巴胺再吸收抑制劑與類鴉片受體拮抗劑之組合係安非他酮與那曲酮之組合,該澱粉素及其類似物係普蘭林肽(pramlintide),該瘦素及其類似物係美曲普汀(metroleptin),該血清素劑(serotonergic agent)係氯卡色林(lorcaserin),該甲硫胺酸胺肽酶2(MetAP2)抑制劑係貝洛拉尼(beloranib)或ZGN-1061,該SGLT2抑制劑係恩格列淨(empagliflozin)、卡格列淨(canagliflozin)、達格列淨(dapagliflozin)、伊格列淨(ipragliflozin)、托格列淨(tofogliflozin)、依碳酸舍格列 淨(sergliflozin etabonate)、依碳酸瑞格列淨(remogliflozin etabonate)或艾托格列淨(ertugliflozin),及/或該升糖素受體促效劑係與另一種GLP-1 R促效劑組合使用。
- 如請求項16之用途,其中該另一種GLP-1 R促效劑係利拉魯肽(liraglutide)、艾塞那肽(exenatide)、度拉魯肽(dulaglutide)、阿必魯肽(albiglutide)、利西拉肽(lixisenatide)或索馬魯肽(semaglutide)。
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