TWI727377B - 新穎的p62配體化合物及包含其之用於預防、改善或治療蛋白質構象病(proteinopathies)的組成物 - Google Patents
新穎的p62配體化合物及包含其之用於預防、改善或治療蛋白質構象病(proteinopathies)的組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI727377B TWI727377B TW108126238A TW108126238A TWI727377B TW I727377 B TWI727377 B TW I727377B TW 108126238 A TW108126238 A TW 108126238A TW 108126238 A TW108126238 A TW 108126238A TW I727377 B TWI727377 B TW I727377B
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種新穎的p62配體化合物、其立體異構體、水合物、溶劑合物或前藥及包含其作為活性成分之用於預防或治療錯誤摺疊之蛋白質疾病的醫藥或食品組成物。根據本發明之p62配體化合物可有效地用作一種用於藉由活化細胞中之選擇性自噬且因此選擇性地消除活體內蛋白質、細胞器以及聚集體來預防、改善或治療各種蛋白質構象病之醫藥組成物。
Description
發明領域
本發明係關於一種新穎的p62配體化合物及包含其之用於預防或治療蛋白質構象病的醫藥或食品組成物。
發明背景
N端規則路徑為蛋白分解系統,其中蛋白質之特定N端殘基充當降解信號(圖1)。N端規則降解信號藉由包括N端精胺酸(Nt-Arg)、離胺酸(Nt-Lys)及組胺酸(Nt-His)之I型鹼性殘基;以及包括苯丙胺酸(Nt-Phe)、白胺酸(Nt-Leu)、色胺酸(Nt-Trp)、酪胺酸(Nt-Tyr)及異白胺酸(Nt-Ile)之II型疏水性殘基來例示。此等N端殘基與特定N識別子(下文稱作N配體)結合。
本發明者第一次發現或選殖先前已知之N識別子,即UBR1、UBR2、UBR4及UBR5,且發現其利用UBR盒作為基質識別區域(Tasaki, T.等人, Mol Cell Biol 25, 7120-36 (2005))。本發明者亦發現UBR盒與諸如N端精胺酸殘基之I型N端規則配體(Nt-Arg、Nt-Lys、Nt-His)結合以識別基質且將泛素鏈連接至基質。進一步發現UBR1及UBR2具有在2型N端規則配體(Nt-Trp、Nt-Phe、Nt-Tyr、Nt-Leu及Nt-Ile)之結合中起重要作用的N區域(Sriram, S.M., Kim, B.Y. & Kwon, Y.T., Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12, 735-47 (2011))。自N識別子與N端規則配體之間的結合產生之泛素化基質經遞送至蛋白酶體,其中該泛素化基質經降解成短肽。在此過程中,特定N端殘基(Nt-Arg、Nt-His、Nt-Lys、Nt-Trp、Nt-Phe、Nt-Tyr、Nt-Leu、Nt-Leu)為結合之基本決定因素,因為N識別子提供大部分所需氫鍵以靶向N端規則基質(Sriram, S.M. & Kwon, Y.T., Nat Struct Mol Biol 17, 1164-5 (2010))。
若細胞中摺疊不良之錯誤摺疊蛋白質滯留很長時間,則其經聚集且阻斷蛋白酶體功能或減少引起細胞毒素物質之其他細胞功能,且因此錯誤摺疊蛋白質由泛素接合酶泛素化且遞送至蛋白酶體以進行降解(Ji, C.H. & Kwon, Y.T., Mol Cells 40, 441-449 (2017))。在正常細胞中,此過程為平穩的且將由錯誤摺疊蛋白質所引起之損傷降至最低,而在衰老神經元中,此過程經減緩以使得泛素化錯誤摺疊蛋白質累積且此等剩餘蛋白質廢棄物經轉換回為聚集體(Ciechanover, A. & Kwon, Y.T., Exp Mol Med 47, e147 (2015))。此外,患有退化性腦疾病,諸如亨廷頓氏病、帕金森氏病、人瘋牛病及葛雷克氏病(Lou Gehrig's disease)之患者的神經元細胞甚至在蛋白質構象病中具有將特定突變蛋白質轉換成聚集體之較強特性,且因此不藉由上文所描述的蛋白酶體降解。原因為由於蛋白酶體具有約13埃之窄內徑,因此錯誤摺疊蛋白質必須展開,且當蛋白質聚集時,其將不會展開。
同時,自噬為除了泛素-蛋白酶體系統之外的主要胞內蛋白質降解系統。自噬為藉由降解衰老或受損細胞的細胞器或損傷或非正常摺疊之蛋白質來基本維持細胞體內平衡及基因穩定性的蛋白質降解過程(Ji, C.H. & Kwon, Y.T., Mol Cells 40, 441-449 (2017))。特定而言,當錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集體在細胞質中累積時,其可能變為細胞毒素物質,且因此應該藉由自噬來接收且降解。自噬之機制主要劃分成大自噬、小自噬及伴隨蛋白介導之自噬,且其視降解胞內基質之目的而劃分成主體自噬及選擇性自噬(Dikic, I. & Elazar, Z., Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 19, 349-364 (2018))。在此等中,選擇性自噬及伴隨蛋白介導之自噬引起非所需胞內蛋白質及功能異常細胞器選擇性降解。藉由誘導選擇性自噬,基於累積病理學上錯誤摺疊蛋白質及功能異常細胞器之疾病的新療法之發展目前正建立新範例。p62/SQSTM1/隔離體-1蛋白對於起始在選擇性自噬之機制中作為介質之自噬小體的形成且遞送內含物而言至關重要。此時,p62/SQRSM1/隔離體-1與錯誤摺疊蛋白質及其聚集體結合,從而遞送至自噬小體。p62在將錯誤摺疊蛋白質遞送至自噬小體時作為關鍵過程經歷自身寡聚合(Ji, C.H. & Kwon, Y.T., Mol Cells 40, 441-449 (2017))。此時,將錯誤摺疊蛋白質濃縮在一起以減少體積,藉此利用自噬促進降解。PB1區域調節p62之自身寡聚合,但其調節機制不熟知。遞送至自噬小體之錯誤摺疊蛋白質-p62共軛物可在自噬小體與溶酶體結合時利用溶酶體酶降解。經由上文所描述之機制,自噬對於藉由調節損傷蛋白質及細胞的細胞器中之胞內變化來維持細胞體內平衡係至關重要的。當自噬功能減弱時,其導致錯誤摺疊蛋白質累積及聚集,從而產生蛋白質構象病(Ciechanover, A. & Kwon, Y.T., Exp Mol Med 47, e147 (2015))。本發明之關鍵技術提供一種用於有效地消除引起蛋白質構象病之錯誤摺疊蛋白質或其聚集體的方法。出於此目的,有必要僅活化選擇性自噬而不活化對各種生物路徑具有廣泛範圍效果之主體自噬。
已經主動地進行對於活化自噬以治療蛋白質構象病之研究。正常抑制主體自噬之調節因子為mTOR。使用mTOR抑制劑活化自噬之方法為使用最廣泛的(Jung, C. H., Ro, S. H., Cao, J., Otto, N. M. & Kim, D. H., FEBS Lett 584, 1287-95 (2010))。特定而言,藉由使用雷帕黴素(rapamycin)治療,在過度表現APP之AD動物模型中消除澱粉樣蛋白β (Ab)及滔蛋白且同時提高認知能力(Caccamo, A., Majumder, S., Richardson, A., Strong, R. & Oddo, S., J Biol Chem 285, 13107-20 (2010));在過度表現滔蛋白之AD動物模型中消除滔蛋白(Rodriguez-Navarro, J.A.等人, Neurobiol Dis 39, 423-38 (2010));以及在PD小鼠模型中消除過度表現之突變α-突觸核蛋白蛋白質聚集體(Webb, J.L., Ravikumar, B., Atkins, J., Skepper, J.N. & Rubinsztein, D.C., J Biol Chem 278, 25009-13 (2003))。應確認,在HD小鼠中,亨廷頓蛋白聚集體藉由使用CCI-779 (雷帕黴素樣物質)來有效地消除,從而改良動物行為及認知能力(Ravikumar, B., Duden, R. & Rubinsztein, D.C., Hum Mol Genet 11, 1107-17 (2002))。然而,mTOR在各種包括NF-kB之胞內路徑中發揮極其重要的作用。因此,雖然其展現極好的活性以消除蛋白質構象疾病之錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集體,但存在一定限制,原因在於此等主體自噬活化劑(已知用於調節主體自噬之mTOR為藥物目標)用作治療劑。
如上文所描述,目前不存在有效治療劑以治療大部分蛋白質構象病。在泛素連接酶配體用於消除作為主要原因之錯誤摺疊蛋白質的情況下,當錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集時難以將其消除。此外,mTOR抑制劑(其作為主體自噬活化劑為最常用的化合物)除調節自噬之外,在回應於各種外部環境之刺激而調節細胞中之總體基因表現中起廣泛作用,且因此其具有不足之處而不適合作為治療劑。因此,需要開發一種藉由活化p62 (選擇性自噬之關鍵調節因子)來消除錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集體,而不降低mTOR (主體自噬之調節因子)之活性的方法。
發明概要
在此等情況下,本發明者進行大量研究以發現一種蛋白質構象病之預防及治療劑,其使用獨立於mTOR而活化自噬之材料,且因此發現與p62,更特定而言與p62之ZZ區域結合的配體與LC3結合且活化自噬,從而導致有效消除諸如突變亨廷頓蛋白及α-突觸核蛋白之病原性蛋白質聚集體,且藉此其可用於預防、改善或治療各種蛋白質構象病。已基於此等發現完成本發明。
本發明之目的為提供一種誘導p62蛋白質之活化及寡聚合之新穎的p62配體化合物。
本發明之另一目的為提供一種藉由使用前述新穎的化合物來將p62及結合p62之錯誤摺疊蛋白質遞送至自噬小體且最後將其遞送至溶酶體進行消除的方法。
本發明之另一目的為提供一種藉由使用前述新穎的化合物經由p62蛋白質來增加大自噬活性之方法。
本發明之又一目的為提供一種用於消除錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集體之醫藥或食品組成物,其包含前述作為活性成分之新穎的化合物。
本發明之另一目的為提供一種用於預防、改善或治療蛋白質構象病之醫藥或食品組成物,其包含前述作為活性成分之新穎的化合物。
為實現以上目的,本發明之一個實施例提供一種充當p62蛋白質配體之新穎的化合物。較佳地,根據本發明之新穎的p62配體與p62之ZZ區域結合。
本發明之另一實施例提供一種用於預防及治療諸如神經退化性疾病之蛋白質構象病的醫藥組成物;或一種用於預防或改善錯誤摺疊蛋白質相關之疾病的健康功能性食品,其包含作為活性成分之與p62蛋白質之ZZ區域結合的配體。
本發明之另一實施例提供:(1)誘導p62寡聚合及結構活化之方法;(2)增強p62-LC3結合之方法;(3)增加p62向自噬小體之遞送的方法;(4)活化自噬之方法;以及(5)消除錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集體之方法,該方法包括用與p62之ZZ區域結合的配體治療細胞或p62蛋白質之步驟。
本發明之又一實施例提供一種藉由活化將錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集體直接遞送至自噬小體之p62來消除錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集體(其為退化性腦疾病之致病因子)的技術。
本發明之關鍵技術為藉由同時活化p62及自噬來有效地消除錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集體(其引起退化性腦疾病)。
本發明之藥物動力學及關鍵技術概括於圖1中。
特定而言,如圖1中所示,蛋白質構象病之主要病原性蛋白質,諸如突變亨廷頓蛋白及α-突觸核蛋白轉換成不溶於水之錯誤摺疊蛋白質,且隨後彼此聚集並且生長成寡聚聚集體。此等錯誤摺疊蛋白質進一步生長同時充當神經元中之細胞毒素物質,且隨後生長成大型寡聚或纖維狀聚集體,最終形成包涵體。在上文過程中,諸如BiP之內質網伴隨蛋白(①)藉由ATE1 R-轉移酶經由N端精胺酸化(argination) (②)產生大量Nt-Arg,且隨後使精胺醯化(arginylated) BiP (R-BiP)易位至細胞質中且與錯誤摺疊之亨廷頓蛋白或α-突觸核蛋白(③)結合。作為配體,R-BiP之Nt-Arg與p62之ZZ區域結合。由於結合,將p62之不正常活化之閉合形式改變為開放形式,從而導致結構活化(④),且因此暴露PB1及LC3結合之區域。此活化由於p62之二硫鍵(⑤)導致寡聚物及高分子量聚集體之形成及與最後遞送至自溶酶體(⑥)之自噬小體標記物LC3結合增強。此外,與N端精胺酸結合之p62遷移至內質網膜且活化PI3P介導之自噬小體生物合成(⑦),藉此增強胞內自噬(⑧)。
p62為本發明者所提出之用於自噬活化的第一類目標(圖1,⑧)。此外,提出p62作為用於退化性腦疾病中自噬活化或消除蛋白質聚集體之藥物目標的先前研究尚未完成。
自噬為用來降解或回收細胞中非所需或耗盡之細胞組分的機制,且在諸如營養素及能量缺失之條件下,其可對生物合成過程中所使用之能量及代謝物的產生起作用。自噬之機制主要劃分成大自噬、小自噬及伴隨蛋白介導之自噬,且其視降解胞內基質之目的而劃分成主體自噬及選擇性自噬。在此等中,選擇性自噬及伴隨蛋白介導之自噬引起非所需胞內蛋白質及功能異常細胞器選擇性降解。藉由誘導選擇性自噬,基於累積錯誤摺疊蛋白質及功能異常細胞器之疾病的新療法之發展目前正建立新範例。
p62蛋白質對於起始自噬小體(在選擇性自噬之機制中作為介質)之形成及遞送內含物而言至關重要。觀測到根據本發明之新穎p62配體之顯著p62活化誘導p62自我寡聚合。另外,鑒於經由此自我寡聚合增加p62之自噬小體靶向的事實,此表明根據本發明之新穎的p62配體可藉由胞內自噬誘導p62蛋白質之靶向及降解。此等結果意謂根據本發明之新穎的p62配體化合物可用作現有抗蛋白質疾病藥物之更有效或補充替代物。
蛋白分解靶向嵌合體(PROteolysis Targeting Chimera;PROTAC)為識別靶蛋白之配體及識別E3泛素酶之配體的化合物嵌合體。由於用於疾病之現有治療劑之範例用於抑制蛋白質酶,因此開發一種針對無法用現有治療劑靶向之蛋白質錯誤摺疊之疾病的新治療劑非常重要。根據此等視點,PROTAC為相對於無法利用習知酶抑制方法進行靶向之蛋白質藉由在泛素-蛋白酶體系統下實現選擇性降解之有吸引力的新治療開發方法。然而,目前對PROTAC之研究僅受限於藉由僅利用識別E3泛素酶之配體的泛素-蛋白酶體系統,且因此具有與前述蛋白酶體系統中之錯誤摺疊蛋白質相關的摺疊問題。相反,由於根據本發明之新穎的p62配體可能不僅誘導胞內自噬,而且誘導與p62相互作用之負荷基質蛋白質的自噬小體靶向,因此其可提供能夠在無法利用習知酶抑制方法進行靶向之蛋白質自噬機制下選擇性降解之新穎的治療劑。
根據本發明之新穎的化合物充當與p62蛋白質之ZZ區域結合的配體,促進p62向自噬小體之遞送,活化自噬,且消除錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集體,且因此適用作供預防、改善及治療各種蛋白質構象病用之藥物。
在下文中將較詳細地描述本發明。
詳細描述本文中所使用之基團之定義。除非另外指示,否則各基團具有以下定義。
如本文中所使用,術語「鹵基」包括氟基、氯基、溴基及碘基。
如本文中所使用,「烷基」係指直鏈或分支鏈脂族烴基,且可較佳為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基,更佳為具有1至4個碳原子之烷基。此等烷基之實例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、戊基、異戊基、新戊基、1-乙基丙基、己基、異己基、1,1-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基及2-乙基丁基。
在本發明之一個態樣中,提供一種由以下化學式1表示的化合物、其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、立體異構體、水合物、溶劑合物或前藥:
[化學式1]
在化學式1中,
W為C6至C10芳基;
m為0至2之整數;
Ra
為R1
或-OR1
,
其中R1
為氫或-(CH2
)n1
-R'1
,
R'1
為未經取代或經以下取代之苯基:羥基、鹵素、C1 -4
烷基、C1 -4
烷氧基、硝基、胺基、(C1 -4
烷基)胺基或二(C1 -4
烷基)胺基,
n1為1至6之整數;
Rb
為-OR2
,
其中R2
為氫或-(CH2
)n2
-R'2
,
R'2
為未經取代或經以下取代之苯基:羥基、鹵素、C1 -4
烷基、C1 -4
烷氧基、硝基、胺基、(C1 -4
烷基)胺基或二(C1 -4
烷基)胺基,
n2為1至6之整數;
Rc
為-(CH2
)n3
-OH、-(CH2
)n3
-NH-C(=NH)NH2
、-C(=NH)NH2
、C1 -6
烷基、-CH(R3
)-COO-R4
或-CH(COO-R4
)-CH2
CH2
CH2
-NH-C(=NH)NH2
、-(CH2
)n3
-O-(CH2
)n3
-OR4
、-CONH(CH2
)n3
-OR4
、-CO(CH2
)n4
-OR4
、-(CH2
)n4
-CH(NH2
)-COOR4
、-(CH2
)n4
-CONHR4
,
n3為2至4之整數,
n4為1至4之整數,
R3
為氫或C1 -4
烷基,
R4
為氫或C1 -4
烷基,
Rd
為氫、鹵素、C1 - 4
烷氧基或C1 - 4
烷基,
其中化學式1之化合物亦較佳不為選自由以下化合物組成之群的化合物:
1) 2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YTK-1105);
2) 2-(3,4-二苯乙氧基苯甲基胺基)乙醇(YTK-2205);
3) 2-(3,4-雙(3-苯基丙氧基)苯甲基胺基)乙醇(YTK-3305);
4) 2-(3,4-雙(4-苯基丁氧基)苯甲基胺基)乙醇(YTK-4405);
5) 2-(苯甲氧基)-5-((2-羥乙基胺基)甲基)酚(YTK-1005);
6) 2-(4-(苯甲氧基)-3-苯乙氧基苯甲基胺基)乙醇(YTK-1205);
7) 2-(4-(苯甲氧基)-3-(3-苯基丙氧基)苯甲基胺基)乙醇(YTK-1305);
8) 2-(4-(苯甲氧基)-3-(4-苯基丁氧基)苯甲基胺基)乙醇(YTK-1405);
9) 2-((3-(苯乙氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YTK-205);
10) 2-((3-(3-苯基丙氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YTK-305);
11) 2-(3,4-雙((4-氯苯基)甲氧基)苯甲基胺基)乙醇(YT-5-1);
12) 2-(3,4-雙((4-氟苯基)甲氧基)苯甲基胺基)乙醇(YT-5-2);
13) 2-(3,4-雙((4-二甲胺基苯基)甲氧基)苯甲基胺基)乙醇(YT-5-3);
14) 2-(3,4-雙(4-硝基苯基)甲氧基)苯甲基胺基)乙醇(YT-5-4);
15) 2-(3,4-雙(4-甲氧基苯基)甲氧基)苯甲基胺基)乙醇(YT-5-5);
16) 2-(3,4-雙(4-羥苯基)甲氧基)苯甲基胺基)乙醇(YT-5-6);
17) 2-((3-((4-氯苯甲基)氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YT-5-7);
18) 2-((3-((4-氟苯甲基)氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YT-5-8);
19) 2-((3-((4-硝基苯甲基)氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YT-5-10);
20) 2-(3,4-二苯甲氧基)苯甲基胺基)丙醇(YTK-11-A54);
21) 2-((2-((3-(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YTK-108);
22) 2-((2-((3-((4-氯苯甲基)氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YT-8-7);以及
23) 2-((2-((3-((4-氟苯甲基)氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YT-8-8)。
較佳地,W可為苯基。
較佳地,n1可為1或2。
較佳地,Ra
可為氫或-O-(CH2
)n1
-R'1
。
較佳地,R'1
可為未經取代或經以下取代之苯基:羥基、氟基、氯基、溴基、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、硝基、胺基或二甲胺基。
較佳地,n1可為1至4之整數。
較佳地,Rb
可為羥基或-O-(CH2
)n2
-R'2
。
較佳地,R'2
可為未經取代或經以下取代之苯基:羥基、氟基、氯基、溴基、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、硝基、胺基或二甲胺基。
較佳地,n2可為1至4之整數。
較佳地,Rc可為-(CH2
)2
-OH、-(CH2
)2
-NH-C(=NH)NH2
、-C(=NH)NH2
、甲基、乙基、異丙基、-(CH2
)n3
-O-(CH2
)n3
-OR3
、-CONH(CH2
)n3
-OR3
、-CO(CH2
)n4
-OR3
、-(CH2
)n4
-CH(NH2
)-COOR3
或-(CH2
)n4
-CONHR3
。
較佳地,n3可為2至3之整數。
較佳地,n4可為1至2之整數。
較佳地,R3
可為氫或C1 -2
烷基。
較佳地,R4可為氫或C1 -2
烷基。
較佳地,Rd
可為氫、鹵素、C1 -2
烷氧基或C1 -2
烷基。
特定而言,由化學式1表示之化合物之代表性實例如下:
1) 2-((3-(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YTK-105);
2) 2-((2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YTK-1108);
3) 1-(2-((3-(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙基)胍(YTK-107);
4) 1-(2-((3-(苯乙氧基苯甲基)胺基)乙基)胍(YTK-207);
5) 2-(2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙氧基)乙-1-醇(YTK-11-A76);
6) 1-(3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)-3-(2-羥乙基)脲(ATB10041);
7) N-(3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)-2-羥乙醯胺(ATB10042);
8) (R)-2-胺基-3-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)丙酸(ATB10043);
9) 2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙醯胺(ATB10044);
10) 2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)-5-甲氧基苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(ATB10045);以及
11) 2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)-5-氯苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(ATB10046)。
同時,本發明之化合物可以醫藥學上可接受之鹽形式存在。作為鹽,藉由醫藥學上可接受之游離酸所形成之加成鹽可能適用。本文中所使用之術語「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」係指由化學式1表示之化合物的任何有機或無機加成鹽,其中由鹽所引起之不良影響並不損害在向患者展現相對無毒的及非有害的有效活性之濃度下的化合物之有益效果。
酸加成鹽可藉由常用方法,例如藉由將化合物溶解於過量之酸水溶液中且使用水可混溶性有機溶劑(諸如甲醇、乙醇、丙酮或乙腈)沈澱所得鹽來製備。替代地,可加熱含等莫耳量之化合物及酸的水或醇(例如,乙二醇單甲醚),且隨後所得混合物可藉由蒸發來乾燥或經沈澱之鹽可在抽吸下過濾。
在此情況下,游離酸可為無機酸或有機酸。無機酸之實例包括但不限於鹽酸、磷酸、硫酸、硝酸及錫酸。有機酸之實例包括但不限於甲磺酸、對甲苯磺酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、順丁烯二酸、丁二酸、草酸、苯甲酸、酒石酸、反丁烯二酸、杏仁酸、丙酸、檸檬酸、乳酸、乙醇酸、葡糖酸、半乳糖醛酸、麩胺酸、戊二酸、葡糖醛酸、天冬胺酸、抗壞血酸、碳酸、香草酸及氫碘酸。
此外,可使用鹼製備醫藥學上可接受之金屬鹽。鹼金屬或鹼土金屬鹽可例如藉由將化合物溶解於過量之鹼金屬氫氧化物或鹼土金屬氫氧化物溶液中,過濾未溶解的化合物鹽且隨後蒸發過濾物直至乾燥來獲得。此時,作為金屬鹽,尤其鈉、鉀或鈣鹽在醫藥學上為合適的,但本發明不限於此。此外,相對應的銀鹽可藉由用適當銀鹽(例如,硝酸銀)使鹼金屬或鹼土金屬鹽反應來獲得。
除非本文中另外指示,否則本發明之化合物的醫藥學上可接受之鹽包括酸性或鹼性基團之鹽,其可存在於化學式1之化合物中。舉例而言,醫藥學上可接受之鹽包括羥基之鈉、鈣及鉀鹽;以及胺基之其他醫藥學上可接受之鹽,包括氫溴酸鹽、硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、磷酸鹽、磷酸氫鹽、磷酸二氫鹽、乙酸鹽、丁二酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、乳酸鹽、杏仁酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽(methanesulfonate/mesylate)及對甲苯磺酸鹽(p-toluenesulfonate/tosylate)。可使用此項技術中已知之鹽製備方法來製備鹽。
本發明之化學式1之化合物的鹽為醫藥學上可接受之鹽,且可不經特定限制,只要其為化學式1之化合物的鹽即可使用,該等鹽展現藥理學活性等效於化學式1之化合物之彼等鹽,例如可藉由經由p62之配體誘導胞內神經退化性疾病及腫瘤相關之蛋白質的自噬性降解來預防或治療神經退化性疾病。
此外,根據本發明之由化學式1表示的化合物包括但不限於此,不僅其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,而且所有溶劑合物或水合物及可自其製備的所有可能立體異構體。當前化合物之所有立體異構體(例如,可由於各種取代基上之不對稱碳而存在之彼等),包括對映異構體形式及非對映異構體形式,涵蓋於本發明之範疇內。本發明之化合物之個別立體異構體可例如基本上不含其他異構體(例如,作為具有指定活性之純或基本上純的光學異構體)或可例如作為外消旋體或與所有其他或其他選擇立體異構體混雜。本發明之化合物的對掌性中心可具有如由IUPAC 1974建議所定義之S或R組態。外消旋形式可藉由物理方法分析,諸如非對映異構體衍生物之分步結晶、分離或結晶,或藉由對掌性管柱層析分離。個別光學異構體可由外消旋體藉由任何適合的方法,包括但不限於用光學活性酸形成鹽,接著結晶來獲得。
由化學式1表示之化合物的溶劑合物及立體異構體可由化學式1表示之化合物使用此項技術中已知之方法來製備。
此外,根據本發明之由化學式1表示之化合物可以結晶形式或非結晶形式製備,當化合物以結晶形式製備時,其可任擇地為水合或溶合的。在本發明中,化學式1之化合物可不僅包括化學計量的水合物,而且包括含有各種水量的化合物。根據本發明之化學式1之化合物的溶劑合物包括化學計量溶劑合物及非化學計量溶劑合物二者。
根據本發明之化學式1之化合物可藉由以下例示性方法來製備,且其特定實例在反應流程1、3、3-1、6及7中與下文實例中所描述相同。
[反應流程1]
[反應流程3]
[反應流程3-1]
[反應流程6]
[反應流程7]
在本發明之製備方法中,反應流程中所使用之反應物可為可商購的化合物,或可藉由進行一或多個其在此項技術中已知的反應或藉由適當修改該等反應來合成。舉例而言,考慮到骨架結構中所含有之反應性官能基及/或雜元素之存在、類型及/或位置,反應物可藉由以一系列排序進行一或多個反應來合成,但不限於此。
根據本發明之化學式1之化合物藉由充當與p62之ZZ區域結合的配體且因此活化p62之功能來表徵。藉由活化p62之功能,根據本發明之化學式1之化合物可活化自噬。
因此,在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種用於自噬活化之醫藥組成物,其包含化學式1之化合物、其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、立體異構體、水合物、溶劑合物或前藥。
根據本發明之化學式1之化合物由於自噬之活化作用可消除與錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集相關之疾病有關的聚集蛋白質。此外,化學式1之化合物為p62配體,其與p62 ZZ區域結合且活化p62蛋白之PB1區域及LIR區域,使得其誘導p62寡聚合及聚集體形成以及藉由誘導p62聚集體形成來增加自噬小體形成。藉由以上過程,可有效地消除錯誤摺疊蛋白質(參見圖1)。此等蛋白質可為蛋白質構象病之主要蛋白質,更佳為選自由以下組成之群的至少一者:普里昂蛋白(prion protein)、澱粉樣蛋白前驅蛋白(amyloid precursor protein;APP)、α-突觸核蛋白、超氧化歧化酶1、滔蛋白(tau)、免疫球蛋白、澱粉樣蛋白A、甲狀腺素運載蛋白、β2-微球蛋白、胱抑素C、脂蛋白元A1、TDP-43、胰島澱粉樣蛋白多肽、ANF、膠溶素、胰島素、溶菌酶、血纖維蛋白原、亨廷頓蛋白、α-1-抗胰蛋白酶Z、晶狀體球蛋白、c9開放閱讀框架72 (c9orf72)、膠質原纖維酸性蛋白、囊性纖維化跨膜傳導調節蛋白、視紫質(rhodopsin)及脊髓小腦性共濟失調蛋白(ataxin)以及具有聚-Q延展性的其他蛋白質。
因此,在又一態樣中,本發明提供一種用於預防、改善或治療蛋白質構象病之醫藥組成物,其包含以下化學式1a的p62配體化合物、其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、立體異構體、水合物、溶劑合物或前藥。
[化學式1a]
在化學式1a中,
W為C6至C10芳基;
m為0至2之整數;
Ra
為R1
或-OR1
,
其中R1
為氫或-(CH2
)n1
-R'1
,
R'1
為未經取代或經以下取代之苯基:羥基、鹵素、C1 -4
烷基、C1 -4
烷氧基、硝基、胺基、(C1 -4
烷基)胺基或二(C1 -4
烷基)胺基,
n1為1至6之整數;
Rb
為-OR2
,
其中R2
為氫或-(CH2
)n2
-R'2
,
R'2
為未經取代或經以下取代之苯基:羥基、鹵素、C1 -4
烷基、C1 -4
烷氧基、硝基、胺基、(C1 -4
烷基)胺基或二(C1 -4
烷基)胺基,
n2為1至6之整數;
Rc
為-(CH2
)n3
-OH、-(CH2
)n3
-NH-C(=NH)NH2
、-C(=NH)NH2
、C1 -6
烷基、-CH(R3
)-COO-R4
、-CH(COO-R4
)-CH2
CH2
CH2
-NH-C(=NH)NH2
、-(CH2
)n3
-O-(CH2
)n3
-OR4
、-CONH(CH2
)n3
-OR4
、-CO(CH2
)n4
-OR4
、-(CH2
)n4
-CH(NH2
)-COOR4
或-(CH2
)n4
-CONHR4
,
n3為2至4之整數,
n4為1至4之整數,
R3
為氫或C1 -4
烷基,
R4
為氫或C1 -4
烷基,以及
Rd
為氫、鹵素、C1 - 4
烷氧基或C1 - 4
烷基。
根據本發明之術語「聚集」係指典型地一或多種類型之蛋白質的寡聚或多聚錯合物之形成,其可伴隨著將額外生物分子,如碳水化合物、核酸及脂質整合至錯合物中。此等聚集蛋白質可在特定組織中,更佳在神經組織或大腦組織中形成沈積物。聚集之程度視特定疾病而定。
如本文中所使用之術語「蛋白質構象病」或「與蛋白質聚集有關之疾病」係指其特徵在於存在聚集蛋白質之此等疾病,其實例包括但不限於神經退化性疾病、α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症、角膜病變、色素性視網膜炎、2型糖尿病、囊腫性纖維化症及其類似者。
本文中之神經退化性疾病較佳選自由以下組成之群:萊姆疏螺旋體病(Lyme borreliosis)、致死性家族性失眠症、庫賈氏病(Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease;CJD)、多發性硬化(MS)、癡呆、阿茲海默氏病、癲癇症、帕金森氏病、中風、亨廷頓氏病、皮克氏病、肌肉萎縮性側索硬化(ALS)、脊髓小腦共濟失調、其他聚-Q疾病、遺傳性腦澱粉樣血管病、家族性澱粉樣多發性神經病、原發性全身性澱粉樣變性(AL澱粉樣變性)、反應性全身性澱粉樣變性(AA澱粉樣變性)、注射侷限性澱粉樣變性、β-2微球蛋白澱粉樣變性、遺傳性非神經病性澱粉樣變性、亞歷山大氏病(Alexander disease)及芬蘭型遺傳性全身性澱粉樣變性。
本發明之醫藥組成物的劑量可視患者之體重、年齡、性別或健康狀況、飲食、投予時期、投予方法、排泄物及疾病之嚴重程度而在較寬廣範圍內變化。然而,有效劑量通常為約1 ng至10 mg/天,且尤其針對成年人(60 kg)為約1 ng至1 mg/天。由於劑量可視各種條件而變化,對於熟習此相關技術之人員將顯而易見的係可增加或減少劑量。因此,本發明之範疇不受前述劑量以任何方式限制。關於投予之數目,可在所需範圍內進行每天一次或經劃分之若干次投予,且投予時期抑或不受特定限制。
如本文中所使用,術語「治療」係指藉由投予本發明之醫藥組成物來緩解或有利地改變各種與錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集有關的疾病(諸如癌症或神經退化性疾病)之症狀的所有措施。
如上文所描述,本發明之化合物展現以下效果:(1)誘導p62寡聚合及結構活化;(2)增強p62-LC3結合,及(3)增強p62向自噬小體之遞送;(4)活化自噬;以及最後(5)消除錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集體。因此,含有作為活性成分之此化合物的醫藥組成物可用於預防、改善或治療與各種錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集有關之疾病。
舉例而言,本發明之組成物可進一步包括醫藥學上可接受之載劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑。組成物可以各種形式使用,諸如粉劑、顆粒劑、錠劑、膠囊、懸浮液、乳液、糖漿、噴霧劑之經口劑型及無菌可注射溶液之注射,其根據預期用途中之每一者的目的藉由習知方法來調配。組成物可經由各種途徑投予,包括經口投予或靜脈內、腹膜內、皮下、經直腸及局部投予。可包括於此組成物中之適合載劑、賦形劑或稀釋劑的實例可包括乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、赤藻糖醇、麥芽糖醇、澱粉、阿拉伯膠、橡膠、海藻酸鹽、明膠、磷酸鈣、矽酸鈣、纖維素、甲基纖維素、微晶纖維素、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、水、羥基苯甲酸甲酯、丙基羥基苯甲酸酯(propylhydroxy benzoate)、滑石、硬脂酸鎂、礦物油及其類似者。此外,本發明之組成物可進一步包括填充劑、抗凝血劑、潤滑劑、保濕劑、芳香劑、乳化劑、防腐劑及其類似者。
用於經口投予之固體調配物包括錠劑、丸劑、粉劑、顆粒劑、膠囊及其類似者,且此等固體劑型藉由使本發明之組成物與一或多種賦形劑,諸如澱粉、碳酸鈣、蔗糖、乳糖、明膠及其類似者混合來調配。此外,可使用除簡單賦形劑以外之潤滑劑,諸如硬脂酸鎂及滑石。
用於經口投予之液體調配物可說明為懸浮液、溶液、乳液、糖漿及其類似者,且可包括各種賦形劑,諸如保濕劑、甜味劑、芳香劑、防腐劑及其類似者以及常用稀釋劑之水及液體石蠟。
用於非經腸投予之調配物包括無菌水溶液、非水性溶劑、懸浮劑、乳液試劑、凍乾劑及栓劑。非水性溶劑及懸浮劑可包括丙二醇、聚乙二醇、諸如橄欖油之植物油及諸如油酸乙酯之可注射酯。作為栓劑之基質,可使用Witepsol、聚乙二醇、Tween 61、可可脂、月桂酯、甘油明膠或其類似者。在另一方面,注射劑可包括習知添加劑,諸如助溶劑、等張劑、懸浮劑、乳化劑、穩定劑或防腐劑。
調配物可根據習知混合、粒化或塗佈方法來製備,且含有對醫學治療,尤其對於預防、改善或治療與錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集有關之疾病有效之量的活性成分。
在此情況下,本發明之組成物以醫藥學上之有效量投予。如本文中所使用之術語「醫藥學上有效量」係指在適用於任何醫學治療之合理權益/風險比下足以治療疾病,且亦不足以引起副作用的量。有效量的位準可視患者之健康狀況、疾病類型、疾病之嚴重程度、藥物之活性、對藥物之靈敏度、投予方法、投予時間、投予途徑、排泄速率、治療持續時間、組合、包括同時使用其他藥品之因素及醫學領域中熟知之其他因素而測定。本發明之組成物可作為個別治療劑或與其他治療劑組合投予,且其可與習知治療劑同時或依序投予,並且投予一次或多次。考慮所有以上因素,投予可提供最大效果而無副作用的最少量為至關重要的,其可由熟習此項技術者容易地測定。
舉例而言,劑量可視投予途徑、疾病之嚴重程度、性別、體重、年齡及其類似者而增加或減少,且本發明之範疇不受前述劑量以任何方式限制。
根據本發明之化合物的較佳劑量可根據患者之病況及體重、疾病之嚴重程度、藥物之類型以及投予途徑及持續時間而改變,但其可由熟習此項技術者適當選擇。
在又一態樣中,本發明提供用於增加錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集體降解之方法、用於活化自噬之方法或用於預防、改善或治療蛋白質構象病之方法,其包含向有需要之個體投予化學式1a之p62配體化合物或包含其的醫藥組成物。
如本文中所使用,術語「個體」係指包含人類、猴、牛、馬、綿羊、豬、雞、火雞、鵪鶉、貓、狗、小鼠、大鼠、兔或天竺鼠之所有動物,其具有癌轉移及癌症侵入或癌症已轉移及侵入的可能性,或患有與錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集有關之疾病。與錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集有關之疾病可藉由向個體投予本發明之醫藥組成物來有效地預防、改善或治療。此外,因為本發明之醫藥組成物充當p62配體以活化自噬,由於自噬活化從而消除癌症誘導之蛋白質或錯誤摺疊蛋白質的聚集體,且因此展現與此等聚集蛋白質有關的疾病之預防或治療效果,其可藉由與現有治療劑組合投予來展現協同效果。
如本文中所使用,術語「投予」意謂以某些適當方法將物質之處方量引入至患者中,且本發明之組成物可經由通用途徑中之任一者投予,只要其可達至目標組織即可。舉例而言,可進行腹膜內投予、靜脈內投予、肌肉內投予、皮下投予、皮內投予、經口投予、局部投予、鼻內投予、肺內投予及直腸內投予,但本發明不限於此等例示之投予模式。此外,本發明之醫藥組成物可使用任何能夠將活性成分遞送至目標細胞之裝置投予。較佳投予模式及調配物為靜脈內注射、皮下注射、皮內注射、肌肉內注射、靜脈內滴注或其類似者。可注射調配物可使用鹽水、諸如林格氏溶液(Ringer's solution)之水溶液及非水性溶液,諸如植物油、高脂肪酸酯(例如,油酸乙酯等)、醇(例如,乙醇、苯甲醇、丙二醇、甘油等)來製備。可注射製劑可包括醫藥學載劑,包括用於預防退化症之穩定劑(例如,抗壞血酸、亞硫酸氫鈉、焦亞硫酸鈉、BHA、生育酚、EDTA、等)、乳化劑、用於pH控制的緩衝劑及用於抑制微生物生長之防腐劑(例如,硝酸苯汞、硫柳汞、苯紮氯銨、苯酚、甲酚、苯甲醇等)。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種用於預防或改善蛋白質構象病之食品組成物,其包含化學式1a的p62配體化合物、其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、立體異構體、水合物、溶劑合物或前藥。食品組成物為健康功能性食品且其可經由調配物自身使用或作為健康功能性食品之添加劑包含於其他健康功能性食品中。健康功能性食品意謂具有諸如疾病之預防或改善、生物防禦、免疫、康復之恢復、衰老抑制等身體調節功能的食品,且其在長期服用時應對人體無害。活性成分之混合量可適當地視使用之目的(預防、保健或治療性處理)而定。
食品之種類不受特定限制。可添加以上物質之食品的實例為肉、香腸、麵包、巧克力、糖果、點心、甜餅、披薩餅、拉麵、其他麵條、膠狀物、包括冰淇淋之乳製品、湯類、飲料、茶、飲品、酒精飲料及維生素錯合物等,且其包括常識中之所有保健功能性食品。
本發明之食品組成物可包含在製備食品或食品添加劑中所使用的常用成分,特定而言,調味劑;天然甜味劑,諸如如葡萄糖、果糖之單糖、如麥芽糖、蔗糖之雙糖及作為天然碳水化合物的糊精、環糊精,或合成甜味劑,諸如糖精、阿斯巴甜;營養素;維生素;電解質;著色劑;有機酸;保護性膠體黏性劑;pH調節劑;穩定劑;防腐劑;甘油;酒精;碳酸飲品上所使用之碳酸化劑等。
在本發明之一特定實施例中,新合成實例1至25的化合物,其為由化學式1表示之新穎的p62配體。此外,為評估根據本發明之新穎的p62配體化合物是否可增加經培養細胞中之自噬現象,海拉細胞株(HeLa cell line) (其為來源於子宮頸癌患者之細胞株)用根據本發明之新穎的p62配體化合物處理且培養,並且隨後經培養細胞中之自噬活性藉由免疫墨點法來確認。因此,應確認LC3 (其為自噬活性之標記物)之位準根據用本發明之p62配體化合物處理之時間而逐漸增加,且根據本發明之p62配體化合物活化且寡聚p62蛋白質並且經遞送至自噬小體且同時增強自噬活性,藉此有效地消除錯誤摺疊蛋白質聚集體。
[實例
]
在下文中,將參考實例更詳細地描述本發明。然而,此等實例僅出於說明性目的而提供,且本發明不意欲受限於此等實例。
就用於合成本發明之化合物的起始材料而言,已知各種合成方法,且若可在市場上獲得,則起始材料可購自供應商。試劑供應商之實例包括Sigma-Aldrich、TCI、Wako、Kanto、Fluorchem、Acros、Alfa、Fluka及其類似者,但不限於此。
本發明之化合物可使用以下通用方法及程序由可容易獲得之起始材料來製備。關於典型或較佳製程條件(亦即反應溫度、時間、反應物之莫耳比、溶劑、壓力)及其類似者,除非另外說明,否則亦可使用其他製程條件。最佳反應狀態可視所使用之特定反應物或溶劑而變化。此等條件可由熟習此項技術者藉由習知最佳化程序來測定。
在下文中,描述實例1至25之製備方法。
製備實例1)
藉由下文反應流程1中所示之方法合成實例1、2、3、4、10、11、14及19之化合物。
[反應流程1] 實例1 : 製備2 -((3 ,4 - 雙 ( 苯甲氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YTK -1105 )
步驟1)製備3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲醛(1101)
在將3,4-二羥基苯甲醛(0.50 g,3.62 mmol)溶解於無水DMF (5 ml)中之後,添加K2
CO3
(1.50 g,10.86 mmol)且隨後將溴甲苯(0.92 mL,7.96 mmol)緩慢添加至反應中並且在60℃下攪拌4小時。當反應完成時,使反應混合物冷卻至室溫,用純化水稀釋且用乙醚(50 ml)萃取兩次。有機層用純化水(50 ml)洗滌兩次且隨後用氯化鈉飽和水溶液(50 ml)再次洗滌。隨後,將無水硫酸鈉添加至有機層且攪拌,接著在減壓下過濾。濃縮經過濾之溶液且隨後藉由管柱層析純化以得到3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲醛(1101,1.04 g,產率:90%)。1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz) δ 9.81 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.31 (m, 12H), 7.04 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (s, 2 H), 5.22 (s, 2H); ESIMS m/z: 319.33 [M+H]+
。
步驟2)製備2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YTK-1105)
3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲醛(1101,33 mg,0.1 mmol)用無水乙醇(5 ml)稀釋,且隨後向其中添加乙醇胺(30 µL,0.5 mmol)且在60至70℃下攪拌4小時。使反應混合物冷卻至室溫,且藉由TLC確認形成亞胺。隨後,將NaBH4
(7.6 mg,0.2 mmol)緩慢添加至反應中且進一步攪拌4小時。反應溶劑在減壓下濃縮,且隨後用水及乙酸乙酯萃取。經萃取之有機層用鹽水洗滌一次,且隨後取出有機層,用無水硫酸鈉脫水且在減壓下過濾。濃縮經過濾之有機層,且隨後藉由管柱層析(二氯甲烷:甲醇=19:1)純化以得到呈純白色固體狀之2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇。(YTK-1105,產率:85%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ (ppm) 2.52 (m, 2H), 3.00 (q, J=6.4Hz, 4H), 3.44 (m, 2H), 3.58 (s. 2H), 4.11 (q, J=6.4Hz, 4H), 4.42 (m, 1H), 6.78 (d, J=8Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J=8Hz, 1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 7.26 (m, 10H)。實例 2 :製備2 -((3 ,4 - 二苯乙氧基苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YTK -2205 )
化合物以與實例1中相同之方式,藉由使用(2-溴乙基)苯而非步驟1中之溴甲苯來製備。
步驟1) 2201之分析資料:1
H NMR (CDCl3
, 300 MHz): δ 9.84 (s, 1H), 7.26-7.43 (m, 7H), 6.96 (d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 5.62 (s, 1H), 4.36 (t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 3.17 (t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz)
步驟2) 實例2 (YTK-2205)之分析資料: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ (ppm) 2.52 (m, 2H), 3.00 (q, J=6.4Hz, 4H ), 3.44 (m, 2H), 3.58 (s. 2H), 4.11 (q, J=6.4Hz, 4H), 4.42 (m, 1H), 6.78 (d, J=8Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J=8Hz, 1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 7.26 (m, 10H); C25
H29
NO3
[M+H]+
之m/z的ESI-MS計算值392.10,實驗值391.51實例3 : 製備2 -((3 ,4 - 雙 (3 - 苯基丙氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YTK -3305 )
化合物以與實例1中相同之方式,藉由使用(3-溴丙基)苯而非步驟1中之溴甲苯來製備。
步驟1) 3301之分析資料:1
H NMR (CDCl3
, 300 MHz): δ 9.86(s, 1H), 7.45 (dd, 1H, J = 3.0 and 9.0 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.22-7.34(m, 10H) 6.95 (d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 4.12 (td, 4H, J = 3.0 and 9.0 Hz), 2.87 (td, 4H, J = 3.0 and 9.0 Hz), 2.17-2.28 (m, 4H)。
步驟2) 實例3 (YTK-3305)之分析資料:1
H NMR :300 MHz, CDCl3
) δ (ppm) 2.45 (m, 3H), 3.25 (m, 4H), 3.65 (m, 4H), 4.05 (t, J=3Hz, 1H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 4.75 (m, 3H), 5.30 (s, 3H), 5.65 (s, 2H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.70 (m, 8H)。實例4 : 製備2 -((3 ,4 - 雙 (4 - 苯基丁氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YTK -4405 )
化合物以與實例1中相同之方式,藉由使用(4-溴丁基)苯而非步驟1中之溴甲苯來製備。
步驟1) 4401之分析資料:1
H NMR (DMSO-d6
, 300 MHz): δ 9.85(s, 1H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.24-7.17(m, 11H 4.06 (t, 4H), 2.64 (t, 4H), 1.75 (m, 4H), 1.59(m, 4H)
步驟2) 實例4 (YTK-4405)之分析資料:1
H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3
) δ (ppm) 1.59-1.75(m, 8H), 2.64 (m, 4H), 2.74(m, 2H), 3.48-3.76(m, 4H), 4.05 (m, 4H), 4.25 (s, 1H ), 5.30 ( s, 1H), 6.80-6.87(m, 2H), 6.98(s, 1H), 7.19-7.25 (m, 10H)。實例10 : 製備2 -((3 ,4 - 雙 ((4 - 氯苯甲基 ) 氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YT -5 -1 )
化合物以與實例1中相同之方式,藉由使用1-(溴甲基)-4-氯苯而非步驟1中之溴甲苯來製備。
步驟1) 1101-1之分析資料:1
H NMR (DMSO-d6
, 400 MHz) δ 9.82 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.29 (m, 11H), 5.27 (s, 2 H), 5.21 (s, 2H)。
步驟2) 實例10 (YT-5-1)之分析資料:1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ (ppm) 3.40 (m, 4H), 3.59 (s, 2H), 5.10 (d, J=4.8Hz, 4H), 6.82 (dd, J=8Hz and 1.2Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=8Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=1.2Hz, 1H), 7.46 (m, 8H)。實例11 : 製備2 -((3 ,4 - 雙 ((4 - 氯苯甲基 ) 氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YT -5 -2 )
化合物以與實例1中相同之方式,藉由使用1-(溴甲基)-4-氟苯而非步驟1中之溴甲苯來製備。
步驟1) 1101-2之分析資料:1
H NMR (DMSO-d6
, 400 MHz) δ 9.82 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.49(m, 6H), 7.24-7.22 (m, 5H), 5.25 (s, 2H), 5.19 (s, 2H)。
步驟2) 實例11 (YT-5-2)之分析資料:1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ (ppm) 1.99 ( b, 2H), 2.77 (t, J=5.2Hz, 2H), 3.64 (t, J=5.2Hz, 2H), 3.72 (s, 2H), 5.08 (d, J=8Hz, 4H), 6.85 (m, 2H), 6.94 (d, J=1.6Hz, 1H), 7.04 (m, 4H), 7.38 (m, 4H)。實例14 : 製備2 -((2 -((3 ,4 - 雙 ( 苯甲氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YTK -1108 )
將3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲醛(1101,33 mg,0.1 mmol)溶解於無水乙醇(5 ml)中,且隨後向其中添加2-((2-胺基乙基)胺基)乙-1-醇(50 µL),0.5 mmol)並且在回流下攪拌4小時。在冷卻至室溫之後,藉由TLC確認形成亞胺。隨後,將NaBH4
(7.6 mg,0.2 mmol)添加至反應中且進一步攪拌4小時。在減壓下濃縮反應溶劑,向其中添加水,且用乙酸乙酯萃取混合物。經分離之有機層用鹽水洗滌多於一次,隨後自其分離,用無水硫酸鈉脫水且過濾。隨後在減壓下濃縮過濾物。濃縮混合物藉由管柱層析純化以得到呈白色固體狀之2-((2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YTK-1108,產率:84%)。1
H NMR (CDCl3
, 300 MHz): δ 7.47-7.43 (m, 4H), 7.38-7.26 (m, 6H), 6.94 (d, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz), 6.88 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.80 (dd, 1H, J = 2.0 and 8.4 Hz), 5.16 (d, 4H, J = 6.9Hz), 3.67 (s, 2H), 3.62 (t, 2H, J = 5.1 Hz), 2.74 (t, 2H, J = 5.4 Hz), 2.69 (dq, 4H, J = 2.1 and 5.4 Hz), 2.93 (br s, 3H); ESIMS m/z: 407.51[M+H]+
。實例19 : 製備2 -(2 -((3 ,4 - 雙 ( 苯甲氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙氧基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YTK -11 -A76 )
2-(2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙氧基)乙-1-醇(YTK-11-A76,產率:78%)以與實例14之製備方法中相同的方式,藉由使用2-(2-胺基乙氧基)乙-1-醇而非實例14之製備方法中的2-((2-胺基乙基)胺基)乙-1-醇來合成。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ (ppm) 2.72(m, 2H), 3.52-3.55(m, 4H), 3.70(m, 2H), 3.76(d, 2H), 5.16(s, 4H), 5.4(br s, 1H), 6.36(br s, 1H), 6.80-6.87(m, 2H), 6.98(d, 1H), 7.32-7.48(m, 10H)。
製備實例2)
實例5、6及7之化合物藉由下文反應流程2中所示之方法來合成。
[反應流程2] 實例5 : 製備2 -( 苯甲氧基 )-5 -(((2 - 羥乙基 ) 胺基 ) 甲基 ) 苯酚 (YTK -1005 )
步驟1)在將3,4-二羥基苯甲醛(2.5 g,18.1 mmol)溶解於無水乙腈(30 ml)中之後,添加K2
CO3
(2.5 g,18.1 mmol)且隨後緩慢添加溴甲苯(3.44 mL,29.0 mmol)。將反應混合物在回流下攪拌2小時,且隨後在減壓下濃縮反應溶劑。向其中添加冷的10% NaOH水溶液,且將混合物攪拌10分鐘並且隨後用乙酸乙酯(100 ml)萃取。水層用4 N HCl酸化且隨後用二氯甲烷(300 ml)萃取三次。有機層用鹽水洗滌多於一次,隨後用無水硫酸鈉脫水且過濾。經過濾之有機層在減壓下濃縮,且隨後藉由利用乙酸乙酯結晶來純化以製備呈白色粉末狀之4-苯甲氧基-3-羥基苯甲醛(1001,2.90 g,產率:70%)。1
H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3
): δ 9.83 (s, 1H, CHO), 7.39-7.46 (m, 7H, ArH), 7.03 (d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz, ArH), 5.88 (s, 1H, OH), 5.20 (s, 2H, OCH2
Ph); ESIMS: m/z 229.25 [M+H]+
。
步驟2)將4-苯甲氧基-3-羥基苯甲醛(1001,200 mg,0.88 mmol)溶解於乙醇(5 ml)中,且隨後向其中添加2-胺基乙醇(81 mg,1.32 mmol)。將混合物在60℃下攪拌12小時,且隨後冷卻至室溫。將NaBH4
(50 mg,1.32 mmol)緩慢添加至反應中且進一步攪拌12小時。反應混合物在減壓下濃縮,隨後再次用水稀釋且用乙酸乙酯萃取。有機層用無水硫酸鈉脫水,過濾且隨後在減壓下濃縮過濾物。濃縮之混合物藉由管柱層析純化以合成2-(苯甲氧基)-5-(((2-羥乙基)胺基)甲基)苯酚(YTK-1005,0.22 g,產率:92%)。1
H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3
) δ (ppm) 2.74(m, 2H), 3.48-3.76(m, 4H), 4.81(br s, 1h), 5.16(s, 2H), 6.36(br s, 1H), 6.68-6.70(m, 2H), 6.82(s, 1H), 7.32-7.48(m, 5H), 9.48(br s, 1H); C16
H19
NO3
[M+H]+
之m/z的ESI-MS計算值274.75,實驗值273.33實例6 :製備2 -((4 -( 苯甲氧基 )-3 - 苯乙氧基苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YTK -1205 )
步驟1)4-苯甲氧基-3-羥基苯甲醛(1001,0.50 g,2.19 mmol)用DMF (10 ml)稀釋,且依序向其中緩慢添加無水K2
CO3
(604 mg,4.38 mmol)及(2-溴乙基)苯(0.36 mL,2.63mmol)。將混合物在70℃下加熱2小時且隨後冷卻至室溫。混合物用水稀釋且隨後用醚萃取以分離有機層。水層再次用醚萃取三次。經萃取之有機層用水(2 × 20 mL)洗滌且用NaCl水溶液(20 mL)洗滌多於一次。淺黃色萃取物用無水硫酸鈉脫水,過濾且隨後在減壓下濃縮過濾物。濃縮物藉由管柱層析,使用乙醇乙酸酯:己烷(1:9)純化以製備呈奶白固體狀之4-(苯甲氧基)-3-苯氧基苯甲醛(1201,0.66 g,產率:90%)。1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz): δ 9.80 (s, 1H), 7.21-7.39 (m, 12H), 6.98 (d, 1H, J = 6.0 Hz), 5.17 (s, 2H), 4.27 (t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 3.14 (t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz)。
步驟2)將4-(苯甲氧基)-3-苯乙氧基苯甲醛(1201,100 mg,0.30 mmol)溶解於乙醇(5 ml)中,且隨後向其中添加2-胺基乙醇(22 mg (22 µL),0.36 mmol)。將反應混合物在60℃下攪拌12小時且冷卻至室溫。將NaBH4
(17.1 mg,0.45 mmol)緩慢添加至反應中且進一步攪拌12小時。在減壓下移除反應溶劑,且隨後將濃縮物溶解於水中並且用乙酸乙酯萃取。有機層用Na2
SO4
脫水,過濾且在減壓下濃縮。濃縮物藉由管柱層析純化以得到2-((4-(苯甲氧基)-3-苯乙氧基苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YTK-1205,0.10 g,產率:90%)。1
H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3
) δ (ppm) 2.71 (t, J=6Hz, 2H), 3.07 (t, J=6Hz, 2H), 3.30 (t, J=3Hz, 3H), 3.66 (t, J=6Hz, 2H), 3.71 (s, 2H), 4.24 (t, J=6Hz, 2H), 5.00 (d, J=15Hz, 6H), 6.83 (dd, J=6Hz and 3Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=9Hz, 1H), 7.00 (d, J=3Hz, 1H), 7.27 (m, 10H); C24
H27
NO3
[M+H]+
之m/z的ESI-MS計算值378.92,實驗值377.48實例7 : 製備2 -((4 -( 苯甲氧基 )-3 -(3 - 苯基丙氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YTK -1305 )
步驟1)製備1301:以與實例6之步驟1中相同之方式,藉由使用(3-溴丙基)苯而非(2-溴乙基)苯合成化合物。1
H NMR (CDCl3
, 300 MHz): δ 9.81(s, 1H), 7.18-7.38(m, 12H), 7.00(d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 5.23(s, 2H), 4.09(t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 3.14(t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 2.12-2.22(m,2H)。
步驟2)製備YTK-1305:以與實例6之步驟2中相同之方式,使用1301作為反應材料來製備化合物。1
H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3
) δ (ppm) 2.40 (m, 2H ), 3.10 ( t, J=3Hz, 2H ), 3.30 ( t, J=6Hz, 2H ), 3.65 ( t, J=3Hz, 7H ), 4.05 ( m, 4H ), 4.38 ( t, J=3Hz, 2H ), 5.35 ( s, 6H ), 5.45 ( s, 2H ), 7.28 ( dd, J=6Hz and 3Hz, 1H ), 7.35 ( m, 2H ), 7.60 ( m, 8H ), 7.75 ( d, J=3Hz, 2H );ESI MS: m/z 392.92 [M+H]+
製備實例3)
藉由下文反應流程3中所示之方法合成實例8、9、12、13、15、16、17及18之化合物。
[反應流程3] 實例 8 :製備2 -((3 -( 苯甲氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YTK -105 )
步驟1)在將3-羥基苯甲醛(0.44 g,3.62 mmol)溶解於無水DMF (5 ml)中之後,添加K2
CO3
且隨後添加溴甲苯(0.50 ml,4.34 mmol),且將混合物在60℃下攪拌4小時。當反應完成時,使反應混合物冷卻至室溫且向其中添加水,接著用乙酸乙酯萃取。水層進一步用乙醚萃取兩次。有機層用水及鹽水洗滌多於一次。有機層用無水硫酸鈉脫水,且在減壓下過濾。經過濾之有機層在減壓下濃縮,且隨後藉由管柱層析(己烷:乙酸乙酯=9:1)純化以得到純3-(苯甲氧基)苯甲醛(101,0.70 g,產率:92%)。
步驟2)在將3-(苯甲氧基)苯甲醛(101,10.6 mg,50 nmol)溶解於無水乙醇(1 ml)中之後,向其中添加乙醇胺(15 µL,250 nmol),且將所得混合物在回流下攪拌4小時。在冷卻至室溫之後,將NaBH4
(7.6 mg,0.2 mmol)緩慢添加至反應中且攪拌4小時。在減壓下移除反應溶劑,且隨後再次用水稀釋並且用乙酸乙酯萃取。經萃取之有機層用無水硫酸鈉脫水且隨後在減壓下過濾。經過濾之有機層在減壓下濃縮,且隨後藉由管柱層析(己烷:乙酸乙酯=9:1)純化以合成純2-((3-(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YTK-105,產率:81%)。1
H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3
) δ (ppm) 2.95 (br s, 2H), 3.89 (br s, 2H), 4.13 (s, 2H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 5.45 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.23(m, 5H), 7.40-7.38 (m, 2H)實例9 :製備2 -((3 -( 苯乙氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YTK -205 )
3-苯乙氧基苯甲醛(201)經由實例8之步驟1的製備方法,使用苯乙基溴化物而非溴甲苯來製備,且所獲得化合物用作起始材料以經由實例8之步驟2的製備方法來合成純2-((3-(苯乙氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YTK-205,產率:80%)。1
H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3
) δ (ppm) 2.95 (br s, 2H), 3.05 (s, 2H), 3.90 (br s, 2H), 4.09 (s, 2H ), 4.19 (s, 2H), 6.87(d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 7.29-7.17 (m, 8H), 9.38 (br s, 1H)實例12 : 製備2 -((3 -((4 - 氯苯甲基 ) 氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YT -5 -7 )
3-((4-氯苯甲基)氧基)苯甲醛(101-1)經由實例8之步驟1的製備方法,使用1-(溴甲基)-4-氯苯而非溴甲苯來製備,且所獲得化合物用作起始材料以經由實例8之步驟2的製備方法來合成純2-((3-((4-氯苯甲基)氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YT-5-7)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ (ppm) 2.74(m, 2H), 3.46-3.75(m, 4H), 4.80(br s, 1H), 5.16(s, 2H), 6.91(d, 1H), 6.97-6.99(m, 2H), 7.22-7.38(m, 5H)實例13 : 製備2 -((3 -((4 - 氟苯甲基 ) 氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YT -5 -8 )
3-((4-氟苯甲基)氧基)苯甲醛(101-2)經由實例8之步驟1的製備方法,使用1-(溴甲基)-4-氟苯而非溴甲苯來製備,且所獲得化合物用作起始材料以經由實例8之步驟2的製備方法來合成純2-((3-((4-氟苯甲基)氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YT-5-8)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ (ppm) 2.74(m, 2H), 3.48-3.76(m, 4H), 4.81(br s, 1H), 5.14(s, 2H), 6.36(br s, 1H), 6.91(d, 1H), 6.97-7.19(4H), 7.25-7.27(m, 3H)實例15 : 製備2 -((2 -((3 ,4 - 雙 ((4 - 氯苯甲基 ) 氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YT -8 -7 )
將3-((4-氯苯甲基)氧基)苯甲醛(101-1,300 mg,1.2 mmol)溶解於甲醇(5 ml)中,且隨後添加2-(2-胺基乙胺基)乙醇(133 mg,1.3 mmol)並且在65℃下攪拌6小時。當亞胺產生時,使反應混合物冷卻至0℃,且隨後添加NaBH4
並且進一步在室溫下攪拌1小時。在反應後,在減壓下移除反應溶劑,且隨後再次用水稀釋並且用乙酸乙酯萃取。經萃取之有機層用無水硫酸鈉脫水且隨後在減壓下過濾。經過濾之有機層在減壓下濃縮,且隨後藉由高解析度液相層析純化以得到呈白色固體狀之2-((2-((3,4-雙((4-氯苯甲基)氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YT-8-7,25 mg)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
+D2
O) δ (ppm) 3.07 (t, J=5.2Hz, 2H), 3.31 (s, 4H), 3.65 (s, 2H), 4.18 (s, 2H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 7.09 (t, J=8Hz, 2H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.40 (t, J=8Hz, 1H), 7.47 (s, 4H); C18
H23
ClN2
O2
[M+H]+
之m/z的ESI-MS計算值335.10,實驗值334.84實例16 : 製備2 -((2 -((3 ,4 - 雙 (4 - 氟苯甲基 ) 氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (YT -8 -8 )
以與實例15之製備方法中相同之方式,藉由使用3-((4-氟苯甲基)氧基)苯甲醛(101-2)而非3-((4-氯苯甲基)氧基)苯甲醛作為起始材料來製備化合物。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO d6
+D2
O) δ (ppm) 3.07 (t, J=4.8Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s, 4H), 3.66 (t, J=5.2Hz, 2H), 4.19 (s, 2H ), 5.10 (s, 2H), 7.09 (m, 2H), 7.21 (m, 3H), 7.39 (t, J=8Hz, 1H), 7.50 (m, 2H); C18
H23
FN2
O2
[M+H]+
之m/z的ESI-MS計算值319.10,實驗值318.39
製備實例4)
實例17及實例18進一步遵循下文反應流程3-1之製備製程。
[反應流程3-1] 實例17 : 製備1 -(2 -((3 -( 苯甲氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙基 ) 胍 (YTK -107 )
步驟1)在將3-(苯甲氧基)苯甲醛(101,1.0 g,4.7 mmol)溶解於甲醇(20 ml)中之後,將第三丁基-2-胺基乙基胺甲酸酯(0.79 g,4.9 mmol)添加至反應中且在65℃下攪拌6小時。在冷卻至0℃之後,將NaBH4
緩慢添加至反應中且進一步在室溫下攪拌1小時。在減壓下移除反應溶劑,且隨後再次用水稀釋並且用乙酸乙酯萃取。經萃取之有機層用無水硫酸鈉脫水且隨後在減壓下過濾。經過濾之有機層在減壓下濃縮,且隨後藉由高解析度液相層析純化以獲得淡黃色固體(111,1.3 g)。
步驟2)在將111 (300 mg,0.84 mmol)溶解於乙酸乙酯(10 ml)中之後,向其中添加1 N鹽酸/乙酸酯(2 ml)且在室溫下攪拌2小時。反應混合物在減壓下濃縮且不經純化即作為起始材料113以用於下一反應。
步驟3)在將113 (270 mg,0.8 mmol)溶解於DMF (6 ml)中之後,添加二異丙基乙胺(529 mg,4.1 mmol)且隨後添加1H-吡唑-1-甲脒鹽酸鹽(185 mg,1.2 mmol)。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌16小時,隨後反應溶劑用水稀釋且用乙酸乙酯萃取。經萃取之有機層用無水硫酸鈉脫水且隨後在減壓下過濾。經過濾之有機層在減壓下濃縮,且隨後藉由高解析度液相層析純化以合成呈白色固體狀之1-(2-((3-(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙基)胍(YTK-107,25 mg)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
+D2
O) δ (ppm) 3.09 (t, J=6Hz, 2H), 3.46 (t, J=6Hz, 2H), 4.16 (s, 2H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 7.09 (m, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.40 (m, 6H); C17
H22
N4
O [M+H]+
之m/z的ESI-MS計算值299.10,實驗值298.39實例18 :製備1 -(2 -((3 -( 苯乙氧基苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙基 ) 胍 (YTK -207 )
1-(2-((3-(苯乙氧基苯甲基)胺基)乙基)胍(YTK-207,22 mg)以與實例17之製備方法中相同之方式,藉由使用3-苯乙氧基苯甲醛201而非3-(苯甲氧基)苯甲醛101作為起始材料來合成。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
+D2
O) δ (ppm) 3.07 (m, 4H), 3.46 (t, J=6Hz, 2H), 4.14 (s, 2H), 4.21 (t, J=6.4Hz, 2H), 7.05 (m, 3H), 7.24 (m, 1H), 7.34 (m, 5H); C18
H24
N4
O [M+H]+
之m/z的ESI-MS計算值313.10,實驗值312.42
製備實例5)
實例20及21之化合物藉由下文反應流程4中所描述之方法來合成。
[反應流程4] 實例20 :製備1 -(3 ,4 - 雙 ( 苯甲氧基 ) 苯甲基 )-3 -(2 - 羥乙基 ) 脲 (ATB10041 )
步驟1)在將3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲醛(1101,4 g,12.5 mmol)溶解於四氫呋喃(THF,40 ml)中之後,在20℃下向其中添加異丙醇鈦(Ti(OiPr)4
,7.15 g,25.1 mmol)。將混合物在20℃下攪拌約5分鐘,且隨後將2-甲基丙烷-2-亞磺醯胺(3.71 g,30.7 mmol)緩慢添加至反應中。將反應混合物在20℃下攪拌5小時,且隨後將NH4
Cl水溶液(100 ml)緩慢添加至反應中。反應溶液用乙酸乙酯(50 ml)萃取三次,且隨後有機層用無水硫酸鈉脫水並且進行減壓。過濾物在減壓下濃縮以得到N-(3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯亞甲基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亞磺醯胺(1108,4 g)。ESIMS m/z: 422.5[M+H]+
。
步驟2)在將N-(3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯亞甲基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亞磺醯胺(1108,4 g,9.5 mmol)溶解於甲醇(20 ml)中之後,在0℃下緩慢添加NaBH4
(0.4 g,10.4 mmol)且隨後在室溫下攪拌5小時。將純化水(50 ml)添加至反應中且用二氯甲烷(20 ml)萃取三次。經萃取之有機層用無水硫酸鈉脫水且進行減壓。過濾物在減壓下濃縮以得到N-(3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基-2-甲基丙烷-2-亞磺醯胺(1109,3 g)。ESIMS m/z: 424.7 [M+H]+
。
步驟3)將N-(3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基-2-甲基丙烷-2-亞磺醯胺(1109,3 g,7.1 mmol)溶解於乙酸乙酯中,且隨後在10℃下,向其中緩慢添加乙酸乙酯/鹽酸水溶液(1:1,10 ml)持續10分鐘。使混合物升溫至室溫且隨後攪拌5小時。當沈澱固體時,反應產物在減壓下過濾以得到呈白色固體狀之(3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯基)甲胺(1110,1.5 g)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ (ppm) 8.26(br s, 1H), 7.43-7.30(m, 11H), 7.09-6.97(m, 2H), 5.15(s, 2H), 5.12(s, 2H), 3.92(m, 2H)
步驟4)在將(3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯基)甲胺(1110,200 mg,0.6 mmol)溶解於DMF (5 ml)中之後,依序添加DSC (172 mg,0.6 mmol)及二異丙基乙胺(DIEA,220 mg,1.7 mmol)且在室溫下攪拌1小時。將2-胺基乙醇(70 mg,1.1 mmol)在室溫下添加至反應中,且隨後將混合物在100℃下攪拌2小時,隨後冷卻至室溫且在減壓下濃縮。濃縮物藉由高解析度液相層析純化以得到呈白色固體狀之1-(3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)-3-(2-羥乙基)脲(ATB10041,15 mg)。1H NMR ( 400 MHz, DMSO-d6 ) δ (ppm) 3.07 ( q, J=5.6Hz, 2H ), 3.38 ( q, J=5.6Hz, 2H ), 4.10 ( d, J=4Hz, 2H ), 4.65 ( t, J=4Hz, 1H ), 5.09 ( d, J=5.2Hz, 4H ), 5.92 ( m, 1H ), 6.32 ( m, 1H ), 6.75 ( dd, J=8Hz and 1.2Hz, 1H ), 6.98 ( d, J=8Hz, 2H ), 7.38 ( m, 10H ); C24
H26
N2
O4
[M+H]+
之m/z的ESI-MS計算值407.00,實驗值406.48實例21 :製備N -(3 ,4 - 雙 ( 苯甲氧基 ) 苯甲基 )-2 - 羥乙醯胺 (ATB10042 )
將(3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯基)甲胺(1110,250 mg,0.8 mmol)溶解於二氯甲烷(5 ml)中之後,使反應容器冷卻至0℃,且隨後依序添加羥基苯并三唑(HOBT,160 mg,1.1 mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲胺基丙基)碳化二亞胺(EDCI,225 mg,1.1 mmol)、三乙胺(TEA,240 mg,2.3 mmol)及2-羥基乙酸(72 mg,0.9 mmol)。使混合物升溫至室溫且隨後攪拌12小時。將純化水(20 ml)添加至反應中且用乙酸乙酯(20 ml)萃取兩次。經萃取之有機層再次依序用水及鹽水洗滌,且隨後用無水硫酸鈉脫水並且進行減壓。過濾物在減壓下濃縮且藉由高解析度液相層析純化以得到呈白色固體狀之N-(3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)-2-羥乙醯胺(ATB10042,14 mg)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ (ppm) 3.83 (d, J=5.6Hz, 2H), 4.21 (d, J=6Hz, 2H), 5.09 (d, J=8Hz, 4H), 5.47 (t, J=5.6Hz, 1H), 6.78 (d, J=8Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=8Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 7.38 (m, 10H), 8.14 (m, 1H); C23
H23
NO4
[M+H]+
之m/z的ESI-MS計算值378.00,實驗值377.44
製備實例6)
實例22及23之化合物藉由下文反應流程5中所示之方法來合成。
[反應流程5] 實例22 : 製備 (R )-2 - 胺基 -3 -((3 ,4 - 雙 ( 苯甲氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 丙酸 (ATB10043 )
在將3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲醛(1101,0.5 g,1.5 mmol)溶解於甲醇(5 ml)中之後,添加(R)-3-胺基-2-(第三丁氧羰基胺基)丙酸(384 mg,1.8 mmol)且隨後在65℃下攪拌6小時。在冷卻至室溫之後,將NaBH4
(60 mg,1.6 mmol)緩慢添加至反應中且隨後在30℃下攪拌12小時。將純化水(50 ml)添加至反應中且用二氯甲烷(20 ml)萃取三次。經萃取之有機層用無水硫酸鈉脫水且進行減壓。在減壓下濃縮過濾物。將經濃縮之反應產物溶解於乙酸乙酯(5 ml)中,且隨後添加乙酸乙酯/鹽酸溶液(3 ml,2 N)且在室溫下攪拌5小時。隨後溶劑在減壓下濃縮且藉由高解析度液相層析純化以得到呈淡灰色固體狀之(R)-2-胺基-3-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)丙酸(ATB10043,40 mg)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO+D2
O) δ (ppm) 2.67 (m, 1H), 2.80 (dd, J=8Hz and 5.6Hz, 1H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 3.60 (s, 2H), 5.10 (d, J=5.6Hz, 4H), 6.84 (dd, J=9.2Hz and 1.2Hz, 1H), 6.97 (m, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=1.6Hz, 1H), 7.38 (m, 10H); C24
H26
N2
O4
[M+H]+
之m/z的ESI-MS計算值407.10,實驗值406.48實例23 :製備2 -((3 ,4 - 雙 ( 苯甲氧基 ) 苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙醯胺 (ATB10044 )
在將3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲醛(1101,0.5 g,1.5 mmol)溶解於甲醇(5 ml)中之後,將甘胺醯胺(207 mg,1.8 mmol)及三乙胺(TEA,30 mg,3.0 mmol)依序添加至反應中。將反應混合物在65℃下攪拌2小時且隨後冷卻至室溫。將NaBH4
(60 mg,1.6 mmol)在室溫下添加至反應中且隨後在30℃下攪拌12小時。當反應完成時,將純化水(50 ml)添加至反應中,且用二氯甲烷(20 ml)萃取三次。經萃取之有機層用無水硫酸鈉脫水且進行減壓。過濾物在減壓下濃縮且藉由高解析度液相層析純化以得到呈白色固體狀之2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙醯胺(ATB10044,14 mg)。1
H NMR ( 400 MHz, DMSO+D2
O ) δ (ppm) 3.00 ( s, 2H ), 3.56 ( s, 2H ), 5.10 ( d, J=4.8Hz, 4H ), 6.83 ( d, J=1.6Hz, 1H ), 6.98 ( m, 1H ), 7.09 ( d, J=2Hz, 1H ), 7.39 ( m, 10H ); C23
H24
N2
O3
[M+H]+
之m/z的ESI-MS計算值378.10,實驗值376.46
製備實例7)
實例24之化合物藉由下文反應流程6中所示之製備製程來合成。
[反應流程6] 實例24 : 製備2 -((3 ,4 - 雙 ( 苯甲氧基 )-5 - 甲氧基苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (ATB10045 )
步驟1)將3,4-二羥基-5-甲氧基苯甲醛(0.5 mg,2.9 mmol)溶解於乙腈(ACN,50 ml)中,且隨後向其中添加K2
CO3
(1.6 g,11.8 mmol)及苯甲基溴(1.09 g,6.4 mmol)。將反應混合物在60℃下攪拌12小時且隨後冷卻至室溫。將純化水(50 ml)添加至反應中且用乙酸乙酯(100 ml)萃取。經萃取之有機層用無水硫酸鈉脫水且在減壓下過濾。過濾物在減壓下濃縮以得到呈黃色液體狀之3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)-5-甲氧基苯甲醛(1111,0.5 g)。ESIMS m/z: 349.2[M+H]+
。
步驟2)將3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)-5-甲氧基苯甲醛(1111,500 mg,1.4 mmol)溶解於甲醇(5 ml)中,且隨後向其中添加2-胺基乙醇(110 mg,1.8 mmol)且在65℃下攪拌2小時。在冷卻至室溫之後,添加NaBH4
(60 mg,1.6 mmol)且隨後在30℃下攪拌12小時。當反應完成時,將純化水(50 ml)添加至反應中且用二氯甲烷(20 ml)萃取三次。經萃取之有機層用無水硫酸鈉脫水且進行減壓。過濾物在減壓下濃縮且藉由高解析度液相層析純化以得到呈黃色液體狀之2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)-5-甲氧基苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(ATB10045,16 mg)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO+D2
O ) δ (ppm) 2.55 ( m, 2H ), 3.47 ( s, 2H ), 3.63 ( s, 2H ), 3.77 ( s, 3H ), 4.88 ( s, 2H ), 5.08 ( s, 2H ), 6.68 ( s, 1H ), 6.77 ( s, 1H ), 7.37 ( m, 10H ); C24
H27
NO4
[M+H]+
之m/z的ESI-MS計算值394.10,實驗值393.48
製備實例8)
實例25之化合物經由下文反應流程7之製備製程來合成。
[反應流程7] 實例25 : 製備2 -((3 ,4 - 雙 ( 苯甲氧基 )-5 - 氯苯甲基 ) 胺基 ) 乙 -1 - 醇 (ATB10046 )
步驟1)將3-(苯甲氧基)-4-羥基苯甲醛(0.5 g,2.1 mmol)溶解於THF (5 ml)中,且隨後在0℃下添加NaH (0.1 g,2.6 mmol)並且攪拌30分鐘。將N-氯丁二醯亞胺(NCS,0.3 g,2.3 mmol)在0℃下添加至反應中,且在室溫下攪拌12小時。反應溶液用乙酸乙酯(15 ml)稀釋且用氯化銨水溶液(10 ml)洗滌。經分離之有機層用無水硫酸鈉脫水且過濾。過濾物在減壓下濃縮以得到3-(苯甲氧基)-5-氯-4-羥基苯甲醛(1112,0.2 g)。ESIMS m/z: 263.5[M+H]+
。
步驟2)將3-(苯甲氧基)-5-氯-4-羥基苯甲醛(1112,0.2 g,0.7 mmol)溶解於乙腈(ACN,5 ml)中,且隨後添加K2
CO3
(0.16 g,11.8 mmol)及溴甲苯(0.12 g,1 mol)並且在60℃下攪拌12小時。在冷卻至室溫之後,將純化水(20 ml)添加至反應中且用乙酸乙酯(50 ml)萃取。經萃取之有機層用無水硫酸鈉脫水且在減壓下過濾。過濾物在減壓下濃縮以得到呈黃色固體狀之3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)-5-氯苯甲醛(1113,0.2 g)。ESIMS m/z: 353.7[M+H]+
。
步驟3)以與實例45之步驟2的製備方法中相同之方式,藉由使用3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)-5-氯苯甲醛(1113,200 mg,0.5 mmol)作為起始材料來合成2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)-5-氯苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(ATB10046,17 mg)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO+D2
O) δ (ppm) 3.45 (t, J=6Hz, 2H), 3.53 (s, 2H), 3.64 (s, 2H), 4.95 (s, 2H), 5.17 (s, 2H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=1.2Hz, 1H), 7.36 (m, 8H), 7.50 (d, J=6.8Hz, 2H); C23
H24
ClNO3
之m/z的ESI-MS計算值[M]+
398.00實驗值397.90
製備實例9)
比較實例1及2之化合物藉由下文反應流程8中所示之方法來合成。
[反應流程8] 比較實例1 : 製備 (R )-(3 -(3 ,4 - 雙 ( 苯甲氧基 ) 苯氧基 )-2 - 羥丙基 ) 甘胺酸 甲 酯 (YOK -G -1104 )
(R)-(3-(3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯氧基)-2-羥丙基)甘胺酸甲酯(YOK-G-1104)以與實例19之製備方法中相同之方式合成,不同之處在於:使用甘胺酸甲酯而非實例19之製備方法之步驟3中的2-胺基乙-1-醇。1
H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ (ppm) 2.55(m, 1H), 2.81(m, 1H ), 3.51 (s, 2H), 3.66(s, 3H), 4.05(m, 1H), 4.20(m, 2H), 5.16(s, 2H), 5.18(s, 2H), 5.37(br s, 1H), 5.52(br s, 1H), 6.57(s, 1H), 6.67(d, 1H), 6.96(d, 1H), 7.32-7.48(m, 10H)。比較實例2 : 製備 (R )-(3 -(3 ,4 - 雙 ( 苯甲氧基 ) 苯氧基 )-2 - 羥丙基 ) 丙胺酸乙酯 (YOK -A -1104 )
(R)-(3-(3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯氧基)-2-羥丙基)丙胺酸乙酯(YOK-A-1104)以與實例19之製備方法中相同之方式合成,不同之處在於:使用丙胺酸乙酯而非實例19之製備方法之步驟3中的2-胺基乙-1-醇。1
H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ (ppm) 1.21(t, 3H), 1.27(m, 3H), 2.56-2.81(m, 2H), 3.56(m, 1H), 4.05(m, 1H), 3.95-4.20(m, 4H), 5.16(s, 2H), 5.18(s, 2H), 5.37(br s, 1H), 6.57(s, 1H), 6.67(d, 1H), 6.96(d, 1H), 7.32-7.48(m, 10H)。實驗實例1 . 利用免疫墨點評估經培養細胞中之p62 蛋白質的寡聚合活性
為利用化合物(實例1至25)評估p62蛋白質之寡聚合活性效能,收集HEK293細胞株(其為人類胚胎腎衍生之細胞)。作為當前化合物中之代表性化合物,選擇實例1、2、3、5、6、7、8、9、12及13的化合物(實例10 (YT-5-1)、實例11 (YT-5-2)、實例12 (YT 5-7)、實例13 (YT 5-8)、實例15 (YT-8-7)、實例16 (YT-8-8)、實例17 (YTK-107)、實例18 (YTK-107)、實例20 (ATB10041)、實例21 (ATB10042)、實例22 (ATB10043)、實例23 (ATB10044)、實例24 (ATB10045)以及實例25 (ATB10046))。為根據用此等所選擇代表性化合物處理來量測胞內p62蛋白質活化及寡聚合,將對應的細胞分配至100 pi培養皿中。在進一步培養24小時之後收集細胞,使得細胞完全附著至盤之表面。將100 μl之溶解緩衝液(20 mM Tris,pH 7.4)、150 mM NaCl、1% Triton X-100、2 mM NaF、2 mM EDTA、2 mM β-甘油磷酸鹽、5 mM原釩酸鈉、1 mM PMSF、抗纖維蛋白溶酶肽、抑肽酶)注射至各樣品中且溶解細胞。基於所量測之總蛋白質濃度,各樣品在室溫下用測試化合物處理2小時,且隨後添加樣品緩衝液並且使其在95℃下反應10分鐘。在反應之後自樣品取出25 μl且分配至丙烯醯胺凝膠之各孔中,且隨後進行免疫墨點。免疫墨點展示來自三個或多於三個獨立實驗之代表性結果。結果展示於圖2中。
如圖2中所見,當用根據本發明之p62配體化合物處理時,確認用該化合物處理導致p62蛋白質之單體減少且同時寡聚物及高分子聚集體增加。實驗實例2 . 利用免疫墨點評估經培養細胞中之自噬活性
為利用化合物(實例1至25)評估自噬活性效能,在具有5%二氧化碳之培養箱中使用含有10% FBS及1%鏈黴素/青黴素的DMEM培養基培養海拉細胞株(其為來源於子宮頸癌患者之細胞株)。作為當前化合物中之代表性化合物,選擇實例1、2、3、5、6、7、8、9、12及13的化合物(實例5 (YTK-1005)、實例1 (YTK-1105)、實例6 (YTK-1205)、實例7 (YTK-1305)、實例2 (YTK-2205)、實例3 (YTK-3305)、實例8 (YTK-105)、實例9 (YTK-205)、實例14 (YTK-1108)、實例12 (YT 5-7)、實例13 (YT 5-8)、實例20 (ATB10041)、實例21 (ATB10042)、實例22 (ATB10043)、實例23 (ATB10044)、實例24 (ATB10045)以及實例25(ATB10046))。為根據用此等所選擇代表性化合物處理來量測自噬活性,將對應的細胞分配至6孔盤中。進行額外培養24小時,使得細胞完全附著至盤之表面。為發現對應的化合物可增加自噬現象之濃度,將測試化合物稀釋至1、2、5、10及20 μM且進行處理。在用對應的化合物處理之後,將細胞再次在細胞培養箱中培養24小時,且隨後收集細胞。為自所收集之細胞萃取蛋白質,將100 μl之溶解緩衝液(20 mM Tris (pH 7.4)、150 mM NaCl、1% Triton X-100、2 mM NaF、2 mM EDTA、2 mM β-甘油磷酸鹽、5 mM原釩酸鈉、1 mM PMSF、抗纖維蛋白溶酶肽、抑肽酶)注射至各樣品中且溶解細胞。基於所量測之總蛋白質濃度,將樣品緩衝液添加至各樣品且使其在100℃下反應5分鐘。在反應之後自樣品取出5 μl且分配至丙烯醯胺凝膠之各孔中,且隨後進行免疫墨點。免疫墨點展示來自三個或多於三個獨立實驗之代表性結果。結果展示於圖2中。
如圖3中所見,當用根據本發明之p62配體化合物處理時,確認LC3 (大自噬活性之標記物)的位準根據化合物之濃度而逐漸增加。實驗實例3 . 利用免疫墨點評估經培養細胞中之自噬活性
為利用化合物(實例1至25)研究自噬活性效能,以與實驗實例2中相同之方式,使用LC3作為標記物來進行免疫墨點。對於差異,為評估活化所需之處理時間及活性滯留時間,將5 μM選自當前化合物之代表性化合物(實例5 (YTK-1005)、實例6 (YTK-1205)、實例7 (YTK-1305)、實例2 (YTK-2205)、實例3 (YTK-3305)、實例14 (YTK-1108)、實例8 (YTK-105)、實例9 (YTK-205))處理1、3、6、12、24、48小時。在另一方面,將10 μM選自當前化合物之代表性化合物(實例10 (YT 5-1)、實例11 (YT 5-2)、實例16 (YT 8-8)、實例15 (YT 8-7)、實例17 (YTK-107)、實例18 (YTK-207)、實例20 (ATB10041)、實例21 (ATB10042)、實例22 (ATB10043)、實例23 (ATB10044)、實例24 (ATB10045)、實例25 (ATB10046))處理24小時。免疫墨點展示來自三個或多於三個獨立實驗之代表性結果。結果展示於圖3中。如圖4中所見,當用根據本發明之p62配體化合物處理時,確認LC3 (大自噬活性之標記物)的位準根據用化合物之處理而逐漸增加。實驗實例4 . 利用免疫墨點評估經培養細胞中之自噬活性
前述化合物藉由在不同濃度下及不同時間之處理來確認,且免疫墨點展示來自三個或多於三個獨立實驗之代表性結果。結果展示於圖5中。如圖5中所示,確認對照化合物無論處理時間或濃度如何並未增加LC3 (大自噬活性之標記物)之位準。實驗實例5 . 利用免疫螢光染色及共焦顯微鏡評估經培養細胞中之自噬活性
為利用化合物(實例1至25)確認p62蛋白質活性及自噬現象之活性位準,使用p62及LC3作為標記物來進行免疫螢光染色。為利用經培養細胞中之新p62配體及其異構體確認p62活性及自噬現象之活性位準,將海拉細胞株(其為來源於子宮頸癌患者之細胞株)用新穎的p62配體化合物(YTK-1205、YTK-1305、YTK-2205、YTK-3305、YTK-105、YTK-205、YT 5-1、YT 9-1、YT 5-2、YT 9-2、YT 8-2、YT 8-1、YTK-107、YTK-207)處理且培養。此後,作為自噬現象之標記物,觀測LC3斑點之表現位準及位置以及與p62斑點之局部共存。
對於免疫螢光染色,將防護玻璃罩置放於24孔盤上,將細胞分配,培養24小時,且隨後用5 μM根據本發明之新穎的p62配體處理。對於化合物之作用,進行額外培養24小時,且隨後移除培養基。在室溫下使用甲醛固定細胞。為防止非特異性染色,使細胞與阻斷溶液在室溫下反應1小時,且隨後用以特定比率使用阻斷溶液稀釋之LC3抗體處理,並且使其在室溫下反應1小時。抗體處理之細胞用PBS洗滌三次,且以特定比率使用阻斷溶液稀釋山羊衍生之二級抗體,且隨後使其在室溫下反應30分鐘。細胞再次用PBS洗滌三次,且對於胞內細胞核染色,在DAPI染色之後,經由共焦顯微鏡觀測到p62及LC3的表現位準、胞內斑點形成及胞內共存位準。結果展示於圖5中。免疫螢光染色展示來自三個或多於三個獨立實驗之代表性結果。
如圖6中所見,確認在用根據本發明之p62配體化合物處理之後,p62蛋白質的胞內斑點形成,作為自噬小體標記物之LC3的胞內斑點及局部共存增加,且LC3之胞內斑點形成增加。實驗實例6 . 利用免疫螢光染色及共焦顯微鏡評估經培養細胞中之自噬活性
為確認對照化合物(YOK-A-1104、YOK-G-1104、YTK-1005、YTK-1105-1)之p62蛋白質活性及自噬現象之活性位準,以與實驗實例4中相同之方式,藉由使用p62及LC3作為標記物來進行免疫螢光染色。YOK-A-1104及YOK-G-1104為具有以下結構之化合物。
[表3]
在不同濃度下處理化合物,且利用共焦顯微鏡觀測p62或LC3之胞內斑點(即,自噬小體形成且遞送p62之程度)。結果展示於圖7中。免疫螢光染色展示來自三個或多於三個獨立實驗之代表性結果。
如圖7中所示,確認無論用對照化合物處理之濃度如何,p62蛋白質的胞內斑點形成,作為自噬小體標記物之LC3的胞內斑點及局部共存增加,而LC3之胞內斑點形成不增加。實驗實例7 . 利用免疫螢光染色及共焦顯微鏡評估經培養細胞中P62 介導之自泛素化蛋白質遞送以自噬的活性
為確認在用化合物(實例1至25)處理之後,經培養細胞中P62介導之自泛素化蛋白質遞送以自噬的活性位準,以與實驗實例4中相同之方式藉由使用p62及FK2作為標記物來進行免疫螢光染色。作為化合物,使用實例15 (YT-8-7)、實例16 (YT-8-8)、實例17 (YTK-107)及實例18 (YTK-207)。在用化合物處理之後,利用共焦顯微鏡觀測p62或FK2之胞內斑點(即,將p62及泛素化蛋白質遞送至自噬小體的程度)。結果展示於圖8中。免疫螢光染色展示來自三個或多於三個獨立實驗之代表性結果。
如圖8中所示,確認在用根據本發明之p62配體化合物處理之後,FK2 (p62蛋白質及泛素化蛋白質之標記物)的胞內斑點形成,且斑點之局部共存增加。實驗實例8 . 利用免疫螢光染色及共焦顯微鏡評估經培養細胞中P62 介導之錯誤摺疊亨廷頓蛋白遞送以自噬的活性
為確認P62介導之錯誤摺疊之亨廷頓蛋白(Htt-Q103) (亨廷頓氏病之主要蛋白質)遞送的活性位準,在用化合物(實例1至25)治療退化性腦疾病之後,以與實驗實例4中相同之方式藉由使用p62及Htt-Q103-GFP作為標記物來進行免疫螢光染色。作為化合物,使用實例10 (YT-5-1)、實例15 (YT-8-7)、實例16 (YT-8-8)、實例17 (YTK-105)、實例18 (YTK-207)及實例2 (YTK-2205)。在用化合物處理之後,利用共焦顯微鏡觀測p62或Htt-Q103-GFP之胞內斑點(即,將p62及錯誤摺疊之亨廷頓蛋白遞送至自噬小體的程度)。結果展示於圖9中。免疫螢光染色展示來自三個或多於三個獨立實驗之代表性結果。
如圖9中所示,在用根據本發明之p62化合物處理之後,確認FK2 (p62蛋白質及泛素化蛋白質之標記物)之胞內斑點形成及斑點之局部共存增加。
①:內質網伴隨蛋白
②:N端精胺酸化
③:錯誤摺疊之亨廷頓蛋白或α-突觸核蛋白
④:結構活化
⑤:p62之二硫鍵
⑥:自溶酶體
⑦:PI3P介導之自噬小體生物合成
⑧:胞內自噬
圖1為說明利用N端規則精胺醯化之蛋白質與p62 ZZ區域結合且經由胞內自噬活性降解諸如蛋白質之胞內物質的示意圖。
圖2為展示增強根據本發明之p62配體化合物(YT 5-1、YT 5-2、YT 5-7、YT 5-8、YT 9-1、YT 9-2、YT 8-2、YT 8-1、YTK-107、YTK-207、ATB10041、ATB10042、ATB10043、ATB10044、ATB10045及ATB10046)之p62蛋白質寡聚合活性之效果的免疫墨點分析結果。
圖3為展示增強根據本發明之p62配體化合物(YTK-HCl-1005、YTK-1105、YTK-1205、YTK-1305、YTK-2205、YTK-3305、YTK-105、YTK-205、YTK-1108、YT 5-7及YT 5-8)之自噬活性之效果的免疫墨點分析結果。
圖4為展示增強根據本發明之p62配體化合物(YTK-HCl-1005、YTK-HCl-1205、YTK-HCl-1305、YTK-HCl-2205、YTK-HCl-3305、YTK-HCl-1108、YTK-105、YTK-205、YT-5-1、YT-5-2、YT-8-1、YT-8-2、YT-9-2、YTK-107、YTK-207、ATB10041、ATB10042、ATB10043、ATB10044及ATB10045以及ATB10046)之自噬活性之效果的免疫墨點分析結果。
圖5為確認對照化合物(1101、1102、1103、1201、1202、1203、1301、1302、YTK-1105-1、4402、1401、1402、2201及2202)不會增加自噬活性之免疫墨點分析結果。
圖6a及6b為確認根據本發明之p62配體化合物(YTK-1205、YTK-1305、YTK-2205、YTK-3305、YTK-105、YTK-205、YT-5-1、YT-5-2、YT-8-1、YT-8-2、YT-9-1、YTK-107、YTK-207)使得p62蛋白質活化及寡聚合,且隨後展示將其遞送至自噬小體且同時增強自噬活性之效能的免疫螢光染色分析結果。
圖7為確認對照化合物(YOK ALA-1104、YOK R-Gly-1104、YTK HCl-1005、YTK HCl-1105-1)使得p62蛋白質活化及寡聚合且隨後展示將其遞送至自噬小體且同時增強自噬活性之效能的免疫螢光染色分析結果。
圖8及9為展示遞送靶蛋白以自噬之效能的免疫螢光染色分析結果。此為展示用化合物處理後,就p62蛋白質與胞內斑點之共存而言,靶蛋白、FK2 (圖8)或亨廷頓Q103-GFP (圖9)之標記物逐漸增加的結果。
Claims (21)
- 一種由以下化學式1表示之化合物、其一醫藥學上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或水合物:
- 如請求項1之化合物、其一醫藥學上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或水合物,其中該Ra為-O-(CH2)n1-R'1,R'1為未經取代或經以下取代之苯基:羥基、氟基、氯基、溴基、甲氧基、乙氧基、硝基、胺基或二甲胺基,且n1為一1至4之整數。
- 如請求項1之化合物、其一醫藥學上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或水合物,其中該Rb為羥基或-O-(CH2)n2-R'2,R'2為未經取代或經以下取代之苯基:羥基、氟基、氯基、溴基、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、硝基、胺基或二甲胺基,且n2為一1至4之整數。
- 如請求項1之化合物、其一醫藥學上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或水合物,其中該Rc為-(CH2)2-OH、-(CH2)2-NH-C(=NH)NH2、-C(=NH)NH2、-(CH2)n3-O-(CH2)n3-OR4、-CONH(CH2)n3-OR4、-CO(CH2)n4-OR4、-(CH2)n4-CH(NH2)-COOR4或 -(CH2)n4-CONHR4,n3為一2至3之整數,n4為一1至2之整數,且Rd為氫、鹵素、C1-2烷氧基或C1-2烷基。
- 一種化合物、其一醫藥學上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或水合物,其選自由以下化合物組成之群:1)2-((2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙基)胺基)乙-1-醇(YTK-1108);2)1-(2-((3-(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙基)胍(YTK-107);3)1-(2-((3-(苯乙氧基苯甲基)胺基)乙基)胍(YTK-207);4)2-(2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙氧基)乙-1-醇(YTK-11-A76);5)1-(3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)-3-(2-羥乙基)脲(ATB10041);6)N-(3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)-2-羥乙醯胺(ATB10042);7)(R)-2-胺基-3-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)丙酸(ATB10043);8)2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)苯甲基)胺基)乙醯胺(ATB10044);9)2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)-5-甲氧基苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(ATB10045);以及10)2-((3,4-雙(苯甲氧基)-5-氯苯甲基)胺基)乙-1-醇(ATB10046)。
- 一種一具有以下化學式1a之化合物、其一醫藥學上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或水合物在製備一用於預防、改善或治療蛋白質構象病之醫藥品的用途:
- 如請求項6之用途,其中該蛋白質構象病為神經退化性疾病、α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症、角膜病變、色素性視網膜炎、2型糖尿病或囊腫性纖維化症。
- 如請求項6之用途,其中該蛋白質構象病為選自由以下組成之群的至少一者:萊姆疏螺旋體病(Lyme borreliosis)、致死性家族性失眠症、庫賈氏病(Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease;CJD)、多發性硬化(MS)、癡呆、癲癇症、帕金森氏病(Parkinson's disease)、中風、亨廷頓氏病(Huntington's disease)、皮克氏病(Picks disease)、肌肉萎縮性側索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis;ALS)、脊髓小腦共濟失調、其他聚-Q疾病、遺傳性腦澱粉樣血管病、家族性澱粉樣多發性神經病、原發性全身性澱粉樣變性(AL澱粉樣變性)、反應性全身性澱粉樣變性(AA澱粉樣變性)、α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症、亞歷山大氏症候群(Alexander syndrome)、角膜病變、色素性視網膜炎、2型糖尿病、囊腫性纖維化症、注射侷限性澱粉樣變性(injection-localized amyloidosis)、β-2微球蛋白澱粉樣變性、遺傳性非神經病性澱粉樣變性以及芬蘭型遺傳性全身性澱粉樣變性。
- 如請求項6之用途,其中該蛋白質構象病為阿茲海默氏病(Alzheimer's disease)。
- 一種一具有以下化學式1a之化合物、其一醫藥學上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或水合物在製備一用於增強錯誤摺疊蛋白質之自噬活性的醫藥組成物之醫藥品的用途:
- 如請求項10之用途,其中該蛋白質為選自由以下組成之群的至少一者:誘導癌症之蛋白、普里昂蛋白(prion protein)、澱粉樣前驅蛋白(amyloid precursor protein;APP)、α-突觸核蛋白、超氧化歧化酶1、滔蛋白(tau)、免疫球蛋白、澱粉樣蛋白A、甲狀腺素運載蛋白、β2-微球蛋白、胱抑素C、脂蛋白元A1、TDP-43、胰島澱粉樣多肽、ANF、膠溶素、胰島素、溶菌酶、血纖維蛋白原、亨廷頓蛋白(huntingtin)、α-1-抗胰蛋白酶Z、晶狀體球蛋白、c9開放閱讀框架72(c9orf72)、膠質原纖維酸性蛋白、囊性纖維化跨膜傳導調節蛋白、視紫質(rhodopsin)及脊髓小腦性共濟失調蛋白(ataxin)以及具有聚-Q延展性的其他蛋白質。
- 一種用於預防或改善蛋白質構象病之食品組成物,其包含一如請求項1至5中任一項之化合物、其一醫藥學上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或水合物。
- 如請求項12之食品組成物,其中該蛋白 質構象病為神經退化性疾病、α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症、角膜病變、色素性視網膜炎、2型糖尿病或囊腫性纖維化症。
- 如請求項12之食品組成物,其中該蛋白質構象病為選自由以下組成之群的至少一者:萊姆疏螺旋體病、致死性家族性失眠症、庫賈氏病(CJD)、多發性硬化(MS)、癡呆、癲癇症、帕金森氏病、中風、亨廷頓氏病、皮克氏病、肌肉萎縮性側索硬化(ALS)、脊髓小腦共濟失調、其他聚-Q疾病、遺傳性腦澱粉樣血管病、家族性澱粉樣多發性神經病、原發性全身性澱粉樣變性(AL澱粉樣變性)、反應性全身性澱粉樣變性(AA澱粉樣變性)、α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症、亞歷山大氏症候群、角膜病變、色素性視網膜炎、2型糖尿病、囊腫性纖維化症、注射侷限性澱粉樣變性、β-2微球蛋白澱粉樣變性、遺傳性非神經病性澱粉樣變性以及芬蘭型遺傳性全身性澱粉樣變性。
- 如請求項12之食品組成物,其中該蛋白質構象病為阿茲海默氏病。
- 一種用於增大蛋白質聚集體降解之藥學組成物,其包含一如請求項1至5中任一項之化合物、其一醫藥學上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或水合物。
- 一種用於活化選擇性自噬之藥學組成物,其包含一如請求項1至5中任一項之化合物、其一醫藥學上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或水合物。
- 一種用於預防、改善或治療蛋白質構象病之藥學組成物,其包含一如請求項1至5中任一項之化合 物、其一醫藥學上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或水合物。
- 如請求項18之藥學組成物,其中該蛋白質構象病為神經退化性疾病、α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症、角膜病變、色素性視網膜炎、2型糖尿病或囊腫性纖維化症。
- 如請求項18之藥學組成物,其中該蛋白質構象病為選自由以下組成之群的至少一者:萊姆疏螺旋體病、致死性家族性失眠症、庫賈氏病(CJD)、多發性硬化(MS)、癡呆、癲癇症、帕金森氏病、中風、亨廷頓氏病、皮克氏病、肌肉萎縮性側索硬化(ALS)、脊髓小腦共濟失調、其他聚-Q疾病、遺傳性腦澱粉樣血管病、家族性澱粉樣多發性神經病、原發性全身性澱粉樣變性(AL澱粉樣變性)、反應性全身性澱粉樣變性(AA澱粉樣變性)、α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症、亞歷山大氏症候群、角膜病變、色素性視網膜炎、2型糖尿病、囊腫性纖維化症、注射侷限性澱粉樣變性、β-2微球蛋白澱粉樣變性、遺傳性非神經病性澱粉樣變性以及芬蘭型遺傳性全身性澱粉樣變性。
- 如請求項18之藥學組成物,其中該蛋白質構象病為阿茲海默氏病。
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Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20150175607A1 (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2015-06-25 | University Of Pittsburgh - Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education | P62-zz chemical inhibitor |
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