TWI798167B - 用於電子裝置之材料 - Google Patents
用於電子裝置之材料 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI798167B TWI798167B TW106103508A TW106103508A TWI798167B TW I798167 B TWI798167 B TW I798167B TW 106103508 A TW106103508 A TW 106103508A TW 106103508 A TW106103508 A TW 106103508A TW I798167 B TWI798167 B TW I798167B
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- aromatic ring
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 40
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 132
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 120
- -1 Dibenzofuranyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004305 biphenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004988 dibenzothienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=C(C21)C=CC=C3)* 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004987 dibenzofuryl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2OC3=C(C21)C=CC=C3)* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004618 benzofuryl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005509 dibenzothiophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 32
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000005266 diarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Benz(a)anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=CC2=C1 DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Quinine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BFIMMTCNYPIMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1 BFIMMTCNYPIMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UUSUFQUCLACDTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydropyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CCCC4=CC=C1C2=C43 UUSUFQUCLACDTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethylbenzene Natural products CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001989 1,3-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([H])C([*:2])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methoxy-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZVWKHVRBDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C(N)=CC=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 YZVWKHVRBDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C)=NC2=C1 DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMEVMYSQZPJFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6,9,10-hexazatetracyclo[12.4.0.02,7.08,13]octadeca-1(18),2(7),3,5,8(13),9,11,14,16-nonaene Chemical group N1=NN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=NN=C3C2=N1 DMEVMYSQZPJFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BPMFPOGUJAAYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-Pyrido[2,3-b]indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=N1 BPMFPOGUJAAYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000001258 Cinchona calisaya Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LTEQMZWBSYACLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 LTEQMZWBSYACLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006736 Huisgen cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 101100457453 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) MNL1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005577 anthracene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008365 aromatic ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000006268 biphenyl-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 2
- XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchonine Natural products C1C(C(C2)C=C)CCN2C1C(O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005299 dibenzofluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=C3C(=C4C=5C=CC=CC5CC4=C21)C=CC=C3)* 0.000 description 2
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XXPBFNVKTVJZKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrophenanthrene Natural products C1=CC=C2CCC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 XXPBFNVKTVJZKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCC2=C1 PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical group II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMKMFBIYHXBKRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;quinoline-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Li+].C1=CC=CC2=NC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 IMKMFBIYHXBKRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- OQENBJBTQPIZKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=C2C2=C1C(N)=CC=C2 OQENBJBTQPIZKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001162 cycloheptenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
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- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005980 hexynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indeno[2,1-a]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=NC5=CC=CC=C5C4=CC=C3C2=C1 WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJULCNAVAGQLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indeno[2,1-a]fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C4=CC=C3C2=C1 PJULCNAVAGQLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolo[3,2-c]carbazole Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=NC3=C4C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C=CC3=C21 VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- SXQFCVDSOLSHOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactamide Chemical class CC(O)C(N)=O SXQFCVDSOLSHOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Inorganic materials [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005244 neohexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- VXNSQGRKHCZUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylbenzene Chemical compound [CH2]CCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 VXNSQGRKHCZUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005069 octynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(II) acetate Substances [Pd].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZOUWOGOTHLRRLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;phosphane Chemical compound P.[Pd] ZOUWOGOTHLRRLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005981 pentynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001126 phototherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005581 pyrene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003220 pyrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940083082 pyrimidine derivative acting on arteriolar smooth muscle Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Inorganic materials [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZRIUSVITVGWLSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZRIUSVITVGWLSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005092 sublimation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004001 thioalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010023 transfer printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGPLLMPPZRUGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N truxene Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C2=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C2)=C1C1=C3CC2=CC=CC=C21 YGPLLMPPZRUGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D333/50—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D333/76—Dibenzothiophenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/54—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/57—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/61—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton with at least one of the condensed ring systems formed by three or more rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing only one pyridine ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
- C07D251/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom to three ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/91—Dibenzofurans; Hydrogenated dibenzofurans
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
本案關於式(I)化合物、其於電子裝置之用途及製備該化合物之方法。
Description
本案關於下文定義之式(I)之螺雙茀衍生物(spirobifluorene derivative),其適合用於電子裝置,尤其為有機電致發光裝置(organic electroluminescent device)(OLED)。
應瞭解在本申請案上下文中的電子裝置意指所謂的有機電子裝置,其含有有機半導體材料作為功能材料。更特定言之,應瞭解該等意指OLED。
其中有機化合物係用作為功能材料(functional material)的OLED之構造為先前技術中的常識。應瞭解術語OLED通常意指具有一或多個包含有機化合物之層及在施予電壓時發光之電子裝置。
在電子裝置中,尤其於OLED中,對改進性能數據有很大的興趣,尤其為壽命、效率及操作電壓。於該等方面,尚未能找出任何完全令人滿意的解決辦法。
具有電洞傳輸功能之層(例如電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、電子阻擋層以及發光層)對電子裝置的性能數據有很大的影響。對用於該等層之具有電洞傳輸性質的新材料有持續的探究。
先前技術揭示使用在選自螺雙茀之位置3和4的位置上經胺基取代之螺雙茀衍生物。此胺基可隨意地經由間隔基(spacer group)鍵結至螺雙茀基團。
在用於OLED之新穎材料的研究背景中,目前已驚訝地發現與前述化合物不同之處在於彼等尤其具有在螺雙茀與胺基之氮原子之間的間位(meta-)或鄰位(ortho-)鍵結之伸苯基的化合物具有用於OLED之極佳的適合性,尤其作為具有電洞傳輸功能之材料。
更特定言之,當該等化合物用於OLED時,彼等在性能數據方面超越前述化合物,最特別為OLED之壽命、操作電壓及量子效率方面。所發現之新化合物亦具有一或多個選自下列之性質:非常好的電洞傳導性質、非常好的電子阻擋性質、高的玻璃轉換溫度、高的氧化穩定性、好的溶解度及高的熱穩定性。
其中化合物可在螺雙茀單元的各自由位置(free position)上經R1基團取代,且可在伸苯基(phenylene)單元的各自由位置上經R2基團取代,以及其中出現的變項(variable)為:R1 在各情況下相同或不同且選自H、D、F、C(=O)R4、CN、Si(R4)3、N(R4)2、P(=O)(R4)2、OR4、S(=O)R4、S(=O)2R4、具有1至20個碳原子的直鏈烷基或烷氧基、具有3至20個碳原子的支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基、具有2至20個碳原子的烯基或炔基、具有6至40個芳族環原子的芳族環系統、及具有5至40個芳族環原子的雜芳族環系統;其中二或多個R1基團可彼此連結且可形成環;其中所述之烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基及所述之芳族環系統和雜芳族環系統可各自經一或多個R4基團取代;以及其中在所述之烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基中的一或多個CH2基
團可經-R4C=CR4-、-C≡C-、Si(R4)2、C=O、C=NR4、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR4-、NR4、P(=O)(R4)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2置換;R2 在各情況下相同或不同且選自H、D、F、C(=O)R4、CN、Si(R4)3、P(=O)(R4)2、OR4、S(=O)R4、S(=O)2R4、具有1至20個碳原子的直鏈烷基或烷氧基、具有3至20個碳原子的支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基、具有2至20個碳原子的烯基或炔基、具有6至40個芳族環原子的芳族環系統、及具有5至40個芳族環原子的雜芳族環系統;其中二或多個R2基團可彼此連結且可形成環;其中所述之烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基及所述之芳族環系統和雜芳族環系統可各自經一或多個R4基團取代;以及其中在所述之烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基中的一或多個CH2基團可經-R4C=CR4-、-C≡C-、Si(R4)2、C=O、C=NR4、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR4-、NR4、P(=O)(R4)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2置換;Ar1 在各情況下相同或不同且選自具有6至20個芳族環原子且隨意地(optionally)經一或多個R3基團取代之芳族環系統、及具有5至30個芳族環原子且隨意地經一或多個R3基團取代之雜芳族環系統;R3 在各情況下相同或不同且選自H、D、F、
C(=O)R4、CN、Si(R4)3、N(R4)2、P(=O)(R4)2、OR4、S(=O)R4、S(=O)2R4、具有1至20個碳原子的直鏈烷基或烷氧基、具有3至20個碳原子的支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基、具有2至20個碳原子的烯基或炔基、具有6至40個芳族環原子的芳族環系統、及具有5至40個芳族環原子的雜芳族環系統;其中所述之烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基及所述之芳族環系統和雜芳族環系統可各自經一或多個R4基團取代;以及其中在所述之烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基中的一或多個CH2基團可經-R4C=CR4-、-C≡C-、Si(R4)2、C=O、C=NR4、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR4-、NR4、P(=O)(R4)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2置換;R4 在各情況下相同或不同且選自H、D、F、C(=O)R5、CN、Si(R5)3、N(R5)2、P(=O)(R5)2、OR5、S(=O)R5、S(=O)2R5、具有1至20個碳原子的直鏈烷基或烷氧基、具有3至20個碳原子的支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基、具有2至20個碳原子的烯基或炔基、具有6至40個芳族環原子的芳族環系統、及具有5至40個芳族環原子的雜芳族環系統;其中二或多個R4基團可彼此連結且可形成環;其中所述之烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基及所述之芳族環系統和雜芳族環系統可各自經一或多個R5基團取代;以及其中在所述之
烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基中的一或多個CH2基團可經-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2置換;R5 在各情況下相同或不同且選自H、D、F、CN、具有1至20個碳原子的烷基或烷氧基、具有2至20個碳原子的烯基或炔基、具有6至40個芳族環原子的芳族環系統、及具有5至40個芳族環原子的雜芳族環系統;其中二或多個R4基團可彼此連結且可形成環;以及其中所述之烷基、烷氧基、烯基和炔基,所述之芳族環系統和雜芳族環系統,可經F或CN取代;其中,苯環係在以#符號標記的位置之一上與螺雙茀基團鍵結;以及其中,N(Ar1)2基團係在以*符號標記的位置之一上與苯環鍵結。
下列的定義適用於本案的上下文:在本發明上下文中的芳基含有6至40個芳族環原子,其中沒有雜原子。應瞭解在本發明上下文中的芳基意指簡單芳族環(亦即苯)或稠合芳族多環(例如萘、菲或蒽)。在本案上下文中的稠合芳族多環係由二或多個彼此稠合之簡單芳族環(simple aromatic cycle)所組成。在此應瞭解在環之間的稠合(fusion)意指環彼此共享至少一個邊。
在本發明上下文中的雜芳基含有5至40芳族環原子,其中至少一者為雜原子。雜芳基之雜原子較佳地選自N、O和S。應瞭解在本發明上下文中的雜芳基意指簡單雜芳族環(例如吡啶、嘧啶或噻吩)或稠合雜芳族多環(例如喹啉或咔唑)。在本案上下文中的稠合雜芳族多環係由二或多個彼此稠合之簡單雜芳族環所組成。在此應瞭解在環之間的稠合意指環彼此共享至少一個邊。
尤其瞭解各可經前述基團取代且可經由任何所欲位置連結至芳族或雜芳族系統之芳基或雜芳基意指自下列者所衍生之基團:苯、萘、蒽、菲、芘、二氫芘、(chrysene)、苝、聯伸三苯(triphenylene)、丙二烯合茀(fluoranthene)、苯并蒽、苯并菲、稠四苯(tetracene)、稠五苯(pentacene)、苯并芘、呋喃、苯并呋喃、異苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、異苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、異吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、異喹啉、吖啶、啡啶、苯并-5,6-喹啉、苯并-6,7-喹啉、苯并-7,8-喹啉、啡噻(phenothiazine)、啡(phenoxazine)、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑(naphthimidazole)、菲并咪唑(phenanthrimidazole)、吡啶并咪唑、吡并咪唑(pyrazinimidazole)、喹啉并咪唑(quinoxalinimidazole)、唑、苯并唑、萘并唑(naphthoxazole)、蒽并唑(anthroxazole)、菲并唑(phenanthroxazole)、異唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、嗒、苯并嗒、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹啉、吡
、啡、啶(naphthyridine)、氮雜咔唑、苯并咔啉(benzocarboline)、啡啉(phenanthroline)、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,3-二唑、1,2,4-二唑、1,2,5-二唑、1,3,4-二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三、1,2,4-三、1,2,3-三、四唑、1,2,4,5-四、1,2,3,4-四、1,2,3,5-四、嘌呤、喋啶(pteridine)、吲(indolizine)和苯并噻二唑。
在本發明上下文中的芳族環系統含有6至40個碳原子於環系統中且不包括任何雜原子作為芳族環原子。在本發明上下文中的芳族環系統因此不含有任何雜芳基。應瞭解在本發明上下文中的芳族環系統意指不僅必須含有芳基、且其中可能有複數個藉由單鍵或非芳族單元(例如一或多個隨意地經取代之C、Si、N、O或S原子)鍵結之芳基的系統。在此例子中,非芳族單元較佳地包含以系統中的非H之原子總數為基準計少於10%的非H之原子。例如,諸如9,9'-螺雙茀(9,9’-spirobifluorene)、9,9'-二芳基茀(9,9’-diarylfluorene)、三芳基胺、二芳基醚和茋(stilbene)之系統亦在本發明上下文中被視為芳族環系統,且其中二或多個芳基例如藉由直鏈或環狀烷基、烯基或炔基或藉由矽基(silyl group)連結之系統也是。另外,其中二或多個芳基係經由單鍵彼此連結之系統亦在本發明上下文中被視為芳族環系統,例如聯苯(biphenyl)和聯三苯(terphenyl)之系統。
在本發明上下文中的雜芳族環系統含有5至40個芳族環原子,其中至少一者為雜原子。雜芳族環系統之雜原子較佳地選自N、O及/或S。雜芳族環系統相應於芳族環系統之前述定義,但是具有至少一個雜原子作為芳族環原子中之一者。就此,其不同於就本案定義之意義上的芳族環系統(其根據此定義係不可含有任何雜原子作為芳族環原子)。
尤其應瞭解具有6至40個芳族環原子的芳族環系統或具有5至40個芳族環原子的雜芳族環系統意指自上文以芳基和雜芳基所述之基團、及自下列者所衍生之基圖:聯苯、聯三苯、聯四苯(quaterphenyl)、茀、螺雙茀、二氫菲、二氫芘、四氫芘、茚并茀(indenofluorene)、三茚并苯(truxene)、異三茚并苯(isotruxen)、螺三茚并苯(spirotruxene)、螺異三茚并苯(spiroisotruxene)、茚并咔唑(indenocarbazole),或自該等基團之組合所衍生之基圖。
在本發明的上下文中,應瞭解具有1至20個碳原子的直鏈烷基和具有3至20個碳原子的支鏈或環狀烷基以及具有2至40個碳原子的烯基或炔基(其中個別的氫原子或CH2基團亦可經上文於基團定義中述及之基團取代)較佳意指甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、二級丁基、三級丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、二級戊基、環戊基、新戊基、正己基、環己基、新己基、正庚基、環庚基、正辛基、環辛基、2-乙基己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯
基、環戊烯基、己烯基、環己烯基、庚烯基、環庚烯基、辛烯基、環辛烯基、乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基或辛炔基。
應瞭解具有1至20個碳原子的烷氧基或烷硫基(thioalkyl)(其中個別的氫原子或CH2基團亦可經上文於基團定義中述及之基團置換)較佳意指甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、異丁氧基、二級丁氧基、三級丁氧基、正戊氧基、二級戊氧基、2-甲基丁氧基、正己氧基、環己氧基、正庚氧基、環庚氧基、正辛氧基、環辛氧基、2-乙基己氧基、五氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、異丙硫基、正丁硫基、異丁硫基、二級丁硫基、三級丁硫基、正戊硫基、二級戊硫基、正己硫基、環己硫基、正庚硫基、環庚硫基、正辛硫基、環辛硫基、2-乙基己硫基、三氟甲硫基、五氟乙硫基、2,2,2-三氟乙硫基、乙烯硫基、丙烯硫基、丁烯硫基、戊烯硫基、環戊烯硫基、己烯硫基、環己烯硫基、庚烯硫基、環庚烯硫基、辛烯硫基、環辛烯硫基、乙炔硫基、丙炔硫基、丁炔硫基、戊炔硫基、己炔硫基、庚炔硫基或辛炔硫基。
在本案的上下文中,應瞭解二或多個基團可一起形成環的用語尤其意指二個基團係以化學鍵彼此連結。然而,另外亦應瞭解前述用語亦意指若二個基團中之一者為氫時,則第二基團係鍵結至氫原子鍵結的位置以形成環。
其中該等式可在螺雙茀單元的各自由位置上經R1基團取代,以及可在伸苯基單元的各自由位置上經R2基團取代,以及其中出現的基團係如上文所定義。
在式(I-1)至(I-4)化合物之中,特佳者為式(I-1)和(I-2)化合物。
較佳地,R1在各情況下相同或不同且選自H、D、F、CN、Si(R4)3、具有1至20個碳原子的直鏈烷基、具有3至20個碳原子的支鏈或環狀烷基、具有6至40個芳族環原子的芳族環系統及具有5至40個芳族環原子的雜芳族環系統,其中該烷基及該芳族環系統和雜芳族環系統可各自經一或多個R4基團取代。更佳地,R1在各情況下相同或不同且選自H、F、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、三級丁基、苯基、聯苯基、聯三苯基、萘基、咔唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、9,9‘-二甲基茀基和9,9‘-二苯基茀基。最佳地,R1為H。
較佳地,沒有R1基團(確切地,非H之R1基團)鍵結至螺雙茀基本骨架。更佳地,沒有R1基團鍵結至螺雙茀基基本骨架。
較佳地,R2在各情況下相同或不同且選自H、D、F、CN、Si(R4)3、具有1至20個碳原子的直鏈烷基、具有3至20個碳原子的支鏈或環狀烷基、具有6至40個芳族環原子的芳族環系統及具有5至40個芳族環原子的雜芳族環系統,其中該烷基及該芳族環系統和雜芳族環系統可各自經一或多個R4基團取代。更佳地,R2在各情況下相同或不同且選自H、F、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、三級丁基、苯基、聯苯基、聯三苯基、萘基、咔唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、9,9‘-二甲基茀基和9,9‘-二苯基茀基。最佳地,R2為H。
較佳地,沒有R2基團(確切地,非H之R2基團)鍵
結至式(I)之伸苯基。
其中出現的基團係如上文所定義,且除了所示之R1和R2基團以外沒有其他的基團存在。
較佳地,R3在各情況下相同或不同且選自H、D、F、CN、Si(R4)3、具有1至20個碳原子的直鏈烷基、具有3至20個碳原子的支鏈或環狀烷基、具有6至40個芳族環原子的芳族環系統、及具有5至40個芳族環原子的雜芳族環系統,其中該烷基及該芳族環系統和雜芳族環系統可各自經一或多個R4基團取代。更佳地,R3為H。
較佳地,R4在各情況下相同或不同且選自H、D、
F、CN、Si(R5)3、具有1至20個碳原子的直鏈烷基、具有3至20個碳原子的支鏈或環狀烷基、具有6至40個芳族環原子的芳族環系統、及具有5至40個芳族環原子的雜芳族環系統,其中該烷基及該芳族環系統和雜芳族環系統可各自經一或多個R5基團取代。更佳地,R4為H。
較佳地,R5在各情況下相同或不同且選自H、D、F、CN、具有1至20個碳原子的烷基、具有6至40個芳族環原子的芳族環系統、及具有5至40個芳族環原子的雜芳族環系統;其中所述之烷基、芳族環系統和雜芳族環系統可經F或CN取代。
較佳地,當Ar1為雜芳族環系統時,則其在各情況下相同或不同且選自下列各自隨意地經一或多個R3基團取代之基團:二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并稠合之二苯并呋喃基(benzofused dibenzofuranyl)、苯并稠合之二苯并噻吩基(benzofused dibenzothiophenyl)、吲哚基、喹啉基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡基、嗒基、三基、三唑、唑、二唑、苯并唑、苯并噻唑、菲酚基(phenanthrolyl)和氮雜咔唑基(azacarbazolyl)。
較佳地,當Ar1為芳族環系統時,則其在各情況下相同或不同且選自具有6至12個芳族環原子且隨意地經一或多個R3基團取代之芳族環系統。
特別佳的Ar1基團為下列各自隨意地經一或多個R3基團取代之基團:苯基、聯苯基、聯三苯基、聯四苯基、
萘基、茀基(尤其為9,9'-二甲基茀基和9,9'-二苯基茀基)、單苯并茀基(monobenzofluoreny1)、二苯并茀基(dibenzofluorenyl)、茚并茀基(indenofluorenyl)、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并稠合之二苯并呋喃基、苯并稠合之二苯并噻吩基、吲哚基、喹啉基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡基、嗒基和三基。在該等之中,極特佳者為下列經一或多個R3基團取代之基團:苯基、聯苯基、聯三苯基、聯四苯基、萘基和茀基,尤其為9,9‘-二甲基茀基和9,9‘二苯基茀基。
其中基團可各自在任何自由位置上經如上文定義之R3基團取代。彼等較佳地在所有的自由位置上未經取代。
尤其較佳的是式(I)之基本結構的較佳實施態樣係與Ar1、R1、R2、R3、R4和R5基團之較佳實施態樣組合出現。
較佳的式(I)化合物相應於下列結構中之一者,其中式(I-1)或式(I-2)之基本骨架(base skeleton)在任一例子中在自由位置上未經R1和R2基團取代,且其中Ar1基團不具有除了於相應的式中所示之取外基以外的任何其他取代基:
其他較佳的化合物係相應於上文所示之化合物1至1960,而以式(I-3)相應地代替式(I-1)或(I-2)。
又其他較佳的化合物係相應於上文所示之化合物1至1960,而以式(I-4)相應地代替式(I-1)或(I-2)。
化合物可以熟習本技術領域者已知的有機合成方法製備。該等尤其包括鹵化反應及金屬催化偶合反應(metal-catalysed coupling reaction),且其中該等方法尤其為布赫瓦爾德偶合反應(Buchwald coupling reaction)及鈴木偶合反應(Suzuki coupling reaction)。
在製備本發明化合物之較佳方法中(參見下文流程1),苯環係經由鈴木偶合而接附至相應的3或4位置上經反應性基團(reactive group)(較佳為溴或碘原子)取代之螺雙茀單元。該苯環較佳地已經另外的反應性基團取代。或者,此另外的反應性基團可於官能化反應(functionalization reaction)引入。隨後於此另外的反應性基團上進行使用適當的胺之布赫瓦爾德偶合。以此方式,
可能獲得本發明化合物。偶合反應後可隨意地進行另外的官能化步驟(functionalization step)。
在流程1中所示的未經取代之位置可各自經有機基團取代。在流程1中的變項基團(variable group)係定義如下:X1=反應性基團,較佳為Br或I
X2=反應性基團,較佳為-B(OR)2
X3=反應性基團,較佳為Cl
Ar=芳族或雜芳族環系統
或者,本發明化合物之製備可藉由:在第一步驟中,使在一個反應性基團上先經反應性基團二取代之苯化合物於布赫瓦爾德反應中轉化以產生攜有反應性基團及胺基之苯化合物。在第二步驟中,接著使螺雙茀單元在鈴木反應中與苯化合物的其餘反應性基團偶合(流程2)。
流程2中所示的未經取代之位置可各自經有機基團取代。在流程2中的變項基團係如流程1所定義。
本發明因此提供製備式(I)化合物之方法,其特徵在於使攜有一個反應性基團之螺雙茀先在第一金屬催化偶合反應(first metal-catalysed coupling reaction)中與含有兩個反應性基團之苯衍生物反應,該兩個反應性基團之一於此偶合反應中轉化,且其中胺基最後經由在該兩個反應性基團之另一者上的第二有機金屬偶合反應(second organometallic coupling reaction)而引入化合物中。
第一金屬催化偶合反應較佳為鈴木偶合反應。第二金屬催化偶合反應較佳為布赫瓦爾德偶合反應。另外,在螺雙茀上的反應性基團較佳為鹵素原子,更佳為溴原子。此外,在苯衍生物上的反應性基團較佳地選自鹵素原子(更佳為氯)及硼酸衍生物。
本發明另外提供製備式(I)化合物之替代方法,其特徵在於使攜有兩個反應性基團之苯化合物在第一金屬催化偶合反應中與胺基化合物反應(在該兩個反應性基團之一者上),且在第二金屬催化偶合反應中與螺雙茀衍生物反應
(在該兩個反應性基團之另一者上)。
第一金屬催化偶合反應較佳為布赫瓦爾德偶合反應。第二金屬催化偶合反應較佳為鈴木偶合反應。另外,在螺雙茀上的反應性基團較佳為鹵素原子,更佳為溴原子。此外,在苯衍生物上的反應性基團較佳地選自鹵素原子(更佳為氯)及硼酸衍生物。
上述化合物,尤其為經反應性脫離基(reactive leaving group)(諸如溴、碘、氯、硼酸或硼酸酯)取代之化合物,可使用作為用於製造相應之寡聚物、樹枝狀聚合物(dendrimer)或聚合物之單體。適合的反應性脫離基為例如溴、碘、氯、硼酸、硼酸酯(boronic ester)、胺、具有末端C-C雙鍵或C-C參鍵之烯基或炔基、氧類(oxirane)、氧呾類(oxetane)、進入環加成(例如1,3-偶極環加成(1,3-dipolar cycloaddition))之基團(例如二烯或疊氮化物)、羧酸衍生物、醇和矽烷。
本發明因此另外提供含有一或多種式(I)化合物之寡聚物、聚合物或樹枝狀聚合物,其中至聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物之鍵可位於式(I)中經R1、R2或R3取代之任何所欲位置上。根據式(I)化合物之鍵聯,化合物為寡聚物或聚合物之側鏈的一部分或為主鏈的一部分。應瞭解在本發明上下文中的寡聚物(oligomer)意指由至少三單體單元所形成之化合物。應瞭解在本發明上下文中的聚合物(polymer)意指由至少十單體單元所形成之化合物。本發明之聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物可為共軛
(conjugated)、部分共軛(partly conjugated)或非共軛(nonconjugated)。本發明之寡聚物或聚合物可為直鏈、支鏈或樹枝狀(dendritic)。在具有直鏈鍵聯之結構中,式(I)之單元可彼此直接連結,或彼等可經由二價基團(例如經由經取代或未經取代之伸烷基)、經由雜原子或經由二價芳族或雜芳族基團彼此連結。在支鏈及樹枝狀結構中,有可能例如為三或更多式(I)之單元經由三價或更高價基團(例如經由三價或更高價芳族或雜芳族基團)連結以產生支鏈(branched)或樹枝狀寡聚物或聚合物。
與上述式(I)化合物中相同的較佳者適用於寡聚物、樹枝狀聚合物及聚合物中的式(I)之重複單元。
將本發明之單體均聚合(homopolymerize)或與其他單體共聚合(copolymerize)以製備寡聚物或聚合物。適合且較佳的共聚單體(comonomer)係選自茀(例如根據EP 842208或WO 2000/22026)、螺雙茀(例如根據EP 707020、EP 894107或WO 2006/061181)、對苯(paraphenylene)(例如根據WO 1992/18552)、咔唑(例如根據WO 2004/070772或WO 2004/113468)、噻吩(例如根據EP 1028136)、二氫菲(例如根據WO 2005/014689或WO 2007/006383)、順-和反-茚并茀(例如根據WO 2004/041901或WO 2004/113412)、酮(例如根據WO 2005/040302)、菲(例如根據WO 2005/104264或WO 2007/017066)或者是複數個該等單元。聚合物、寡聚物及樹枝狀聚合物通常仍含有其他單元,例如發光(螢光或磷
光)單元,例如乙烯基三芳基胺(例如根據WO 2007/068325)或磷光金屬錯合物(例如根據WO 2006/003000),及/或電荷傳輸單元,尤其為那些以三芳基胺為基礎者。
本發明之聚合物及寡聚物通常係藉由一或多種單體類型之聚合而製備,其中至少一種單體造成聚合物中的式(I)之重複單元。適合的聚合反應為那些熟習本技術領域者已知且說明於文獻中。導致C-C或C-N鍵形成之特別適合且較佳的聚合反應為鈴木聚合(Suzuki polymerization)、山本聚合(Yamamoto polymerization)、施提勒聚合(Stille polymerization)和哈特維希-布赫瓦爾德聚合(Hartwig-Buchwald polymerization)。
為自液相處理本發明化合物(例如藉由旋轉塗佈法或藉由印刷法),需要本發明化合物之調配物。該等調配物可為例如溶液、分散液或乳液。出於此目的,可能較佳的是使用二或多種溶劑之混合物。適合且較佳溶劑為例如甲苯,苯甲醚,鄰-、間-或對-二甲苯,苯甲酸甲酯,(mesitylene),四氫萘,藜蘆素(veratrole),THF,甲基-THF,THP,氯苯,二烷,苯氧基甲苯(尤其為3-苯氧基甲苯),(-)-葑酮,1,2,3,5-四甲基苯,1,2,4,5-四甲基苯,1-甲基萘,2-甲基苯并噻唑,2-苯氧基乙醇,2-吡咯啶酮,3-甲基苯甲醚,4-甲基苯甲醚,3,4-二甲基苯甲醚,3,5-二甲基苯甲醚,苯乙酮,α-萜品醇,苯并噻唑,苯甲酸丁酯,異丙苯,環己醇,環己酮,環己基苯,十氫萘,
十二烷基苯,苯甲酸乙酯,茚烷(indane),苯甲酸甲酯,NMP,對-異丙基甲苯(p-cymene),苯乙醚(phenetole),1,4-二異丙基苯,二苄醚,二乙二醇丁基甲醚,三乙二醇丁基甲醚,二乙二醇二丁醚,三乙二醇二甲醚,二乙二醇單丁醚,三丙二醇二甲醚,四乙二醇二甲醚,2-異丙基萘,戊基苯,己基苯,庚基苯,辛基苯,1,1-雙(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷或該等溶劑之混合物。
本發明因此另外提供包含至少一種式(1)化合物及至少一種溶劑(較佳為有機溶劑)之調配物,尤其為溶液、分散液或乳液。可製備此等溶液之方式為那些熟習本技術領域者已知且說明於例如WO 2002/072714、WO 2003/019694及其中所引用之文獻中。
本發明化合物適合用於電子裝置,尤其用於有機電致發光裝置(OLED)。化合物係取決於取代而用於不同的功能及層。
本發明因此另外提供式(I)化合物於電子裝置中之用途。此電子裝置較佳地選自由下列所組成之群組:有機積體電路(OIC)、有機場效電晶體(OFET)、有機薄膜電晶體(OTFT)、有機發光電晶體(OLET)、有機太陽能電池(OSC)、有機光學檢測器、有機感光器(organic photoreceptor)、有機場淬滅裝置(organic field-quench device)(OFQD)、有機發光電化學電池(OLEC)、有機雷射二極體(O-雷射)及更佳為有機電致發光裝置(OLED)。
本發明另外提供如已於上文提出之包含至少一種式(I)
化合物之電子裝置。此電子裝置較佳地選自前述裝置。
更佳的是包含陽極、陰極及至少一發光層之有機電致發光裝置(OLED),其特徵在於至少一有機層,其可為發光層、電洞傳輸層或其他層,係包含至少一種式(I)化合物。
除了陰極、陽極及發光層以外,有機電致發光裝置亦可包含另外的層。該等於各例子中係選自例如一或更多的電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、電洞阻擋層、電子傳輸層、電子注入層、電子阻擋層、激子阻擋層、中間層、電荷產生層(IDMC 2003,Taiwan;Session 21 OLED(5),T.Matsumoto,T.Nakada,J.Endo,K.Mori,N.Kawamura,A.Yokoi,J.Kido,Multiphoton Organic EL Device Having Charge Generation Layer)及/或有機或無機p/n接面。
包含式(I)化合物之有機電致發光裝置的層順序較佳地如下:陽極-電洞注入層-電洞傳輸層-隨意地(optionally)另外的電洞傳輸層-隨意地電子阻擋層-發光層-隨意地電洞阻擋層-電子傳輸層-電子注入層-陰極。另外可能有另外的層存在於OLED中。
本發明之有機電致發光裝置可含有二或多個發光層。在此例子中的該等發光層更佳地具有數個介於380奈米(nm)與750奈米整體之間的最大發光值,使得整體結果為發白色光;換言之,將可發螢光或發磷光且發藍色、綠色、黃色、橘色或紅色光的各種發光化合物用於發光層中。尤其較佳的是三層系統,亦即具有三個發光層之系
統,其中,三層顯示發藍色、綠色以及橘色或紅色光(基本構造參見例如WO 2005/011013)。本發明化合物較佳地存在於電洞傳輸層、電洞注入層或電子阻擋層中。
依照本發明,較佳的是當式(I)化合物用於包含一或多種磷光發光化合物之電子裝置時。在此例子中,化合物可存在於不同的層中,較佳於電洞傳輸層、電子阻擋層、電洞注入層或發光層中。
術語〝磷光發光化合物(phosphorescent emitting compound)〞通常包含其中係透過自旋禁止躍遷(spin-forbidden transition)而實現發光之化合物,例如從激發三重態(excited triplet state)或具有較高自旋量子數(spin quantum number)的狀態(例如五重態(quintet state))躍遷。
適合的磷光發光化合物(=三重態發光體)尤其為在適當地激發時發光(較佳地在可見光區域內)且亦含有至少一原子序大於20(較佳為大於38及小於84、更佳為大於56及小於80)的原子之化合物。較佳為使用含有銅、鉬、鎢、錸、釕、鋨、銠、銥、鈀、鉑、銀、金或銪之化合物作為磷光發光化合物,尤其為含有銥、鉑或銅之化合物。在本發明的上下文中,所有發光的銥、鉑或銅錯合物被認為是磷光發光化合物。
上述發光化合物的實例可見於下列申請案中:WO 00/70655、WO 01/41512、WO 02/02714、WO 02/15645、EP 1191613、EP 1191612、EP 1191614、WO 05/033244、WO 05/019373和US 2005/0258742。通常如用於根據先前
技術之磷光OLED的及如那些熟習有機電致發光裝置之技術領域者已知的所有磷光錯合物皆適合。熟習本技術領域者亦有可能無需運用創新的技巧而以其他磷光錯合物與式(I)化合物之組合用於有機電致發光裝置。另外的實例列示於隨後的表中。
依照本發明,亦有可能使式(I)化合物用於包含一或多種螢光發光化合物之電子裝置。
在本發明之一較佳的實施態樣中,式(I)化合物係用作為電洞傳輸材料。在該例子中,化合物較佳地存在於電洞傳輸層、電子阻擋層或電洞注入層中。特佳者為用於電子阻擋層中。
根據本案,電洞傳輸層為在陽極與發光層之間的具有電洞傳輸功能之層。
應瞭解在本案上下文中的電洞注入層及電子阻擋層為電洞傳輸層之特定的實施態樣。在複數個電洞傳輸層介於陽極與發光層之間的例子中,電洞注入層為直接毗連陽極或僅藉陽極的單一塗層而與之分隔的電洞傳輸層。在複數個電洞傳輸層介於陽極與發光層之間的例子中,電子阻擋層為直接毗連發光層(於陽極側)之電洞傳輸層。本發明之OLED較佳地包含介於陽極與發光層之間的二、三或四個電洞傳輸層,該等中之至少一者較佳地含有式(I)化合物,且更佳為確切地一或二者含有式(I)化合物。
若式(I)化合物係用作為電洞傳輸層、電洞注入層或電子阻擋層中的電洞傳輸材料,則化合物可作為純材料(亦
即比例為100%)用於電洞傳輸層中,或其可與一或多種另外的化合物組合使用。在一個較佳的實施態樣中,包含式(I)化合物之有機層還另外含有一或多種p-摻雜劑(p-dopant)。根據本發明所使用的p-摻雜劑較佳為那些能夠氧化混合物中的其他化合物中之一或多者的有機電子受體化合物(organic electron acceptor compound)。
p-摻雜劑之特別佳的實施態樣為WO 2011/073149、EP 1968131、EP 2276085、EP 2213662、EP 1722602、EP 2045848、DE 102007031220、US 8044390、US 8057712、WO 2009/003455、WO 2010/094378、WO 2011/120709、US 2010/0096600、WO 2012/095143和DE 102012209523中所揭示之化合物。
特別佳的p-摻雜劑為醌二甲烷(quinodimethane)化合物、氮雜茚并茀二酮(azaindenofluorenedione)、氮雜萉(azaphenalene)、氮雜聯伸三苯(azatriphenylene)、I2、金屬鹵化物(較佳為過渡金屬鹵化物)、金屬氧化物(較佳為含有至少一種過渡金屬或第3主族之金屬的金屬氧化物)、和過渡金屬錯合物(較佳為Cu、Co、Ni、Pd和Pt與含有至少一個氧原子作為鍵結位置的配位基之錯合物)。更佳者為過渡金屬氧化物作為摻雜劑,較佳為錸、鉬及鎢之氧化物,更佳為Re2O7、MoO3、WO3和ReO3。
p-摻雜劑較佳地呈實質上均勻分布於經p-摻雜之層中。這可藉由例如p-摻雜劑與電洞傳輸材料基質之共同蒸發(coevaporation)而達成。
在本發明一更佳的實施態樣中,式(I)化合物係用作為電洞傳輸材料,與US 2007/0092755中所述之六氮雜聯伸三苯衍生物(hexaazatriphenyleue derivative)組合。在此特佳者為將六氮雜聯伸三苯衍生物用於單獨的層中。
在本發明另一實施態樣中,式(I)化合物係用作為發光層中的基質材料,與一或更多發光化合物(較佳為磷光發光化合物)組合。
在此例子之發光層中的基質材料之比例,就螢光發光層而言係介於50.0體積%與99.9體積%之間、較佳為介於80.0體積%與99.5體積%之間、且更佳為介於92.0體積%與99.5體積%之間,以及就磷光發光層而言係介於85.0體積%與97.0體積%之間。
相應地,發光化合物之比例,就螢光發光層而言係介於0.1體積%與50.0體積%之間、較佳為介於0.5體積%與20.0體積%之間、且更佳為介於0.5體積%與8.0體積%之間,以及就磷光發光層而言係介於3.0體積%與15.0體積%之間。
有機電致發光裝置之發光層亦可包括含有複數種基質材料(混合型基質系統)及/或複數種發光化合物之系統。亦在此例子中,發光化合物通常為那些在系統中具有較少比例之化合物以及基質材料為那些在系統中具有較多比例之化合物。然而,在個別的例子中,單一基質材料在系統中的比例可能少於單一發光化合物的比例。
較佳的是式(I)化合物係用作混合型基質系統之組份。
混合型基質系統較佳地包含二或三種不同的基質材料,更佳為兩種不同的基質材料。在此例子中,兩種材料中之一者較佳為具有電洞傳輸性質之材料以及另一材料為具有電子傳輸性質之材料。式(I)化合物較佳為具有電洞傳輸性質之基質材料。然而,混合型基質組份之所欲電子傳輸及電洞傳輸性質亦可大部分地或完全地組合在單一混合型基質組份中,在此例子中,另外的混合型基質組份滿足其他的功能。兩種不同的基質材料可以1:50至1:1、較佳為1:20至1:1、更佳為1:10至1:1、且最佳為1:4至1:1之比存在。較佳者為將混合型基質系統用於磷光有機電致發光裝置中。一個關於混合型基質系統的更詳細資訊來源為申請案WO 2010/108579。
混合型基質系統可包含一或多種發光化合物,較佳為一或多種磷光發光化合物。混合型基質系統通常較佳地用於磷光有機電致發光裝置中。
可與本發明化合物組合用作為混合型基質系統的基質組份之特別適合的基質材料係選自下文所指用於磷光發光化合物之較佳的基質材料或用於螢光發光化合物之較佳的基質材料,其係根據在混合型基質系統中使用了什麼類型的發光化合物。
用於混合型基質系統之較佳的磷光發光化合物係與進一步詳述之一般較佳的磷光發光體材料相同。
在電子裝置中不同的功能材料之較佳的實施態樣列示於下文。
較佳的磷光發光化合物為那些前文所述及者。
較佳的螢光發光化合物係選自芳基胺類別。應瞭解在本發明上下文中的芳基胺(arylamine)或芳族胺(aromatic amine)意指含有三個與氮直接鍵結的經取代或未經取代之芳族或雜芳族環系統之化合物。該等芳族或雜芳族環系統中之至少一者較佳為稠合環系統,更佳地具有至少14個芳族環原子。該等的較佳實例為芳族蒽胺(aromatic anthracenamine)、芳族蒽二胺(aromatic anthracenediamine)、芳族芘胺(aromatic pyrenamine)、芳族芘二胺(aromatic pyrenediamine)、芳族胺(aromatic chrysenamine)或芳族二胺(aromatic chrysenediamine)。應瞭解芳族蒽胺意指其中二芳基胺基係與蒽基團直接鍵結(較佳地在9位置上)之化合物。應瞭解芳族蒽二胺意指其中兩個二芳基胺基係與蒽基團直接鍵結(較佳地在9、10位置上)之化合物。芳族芘胺、芘二胺、胺及二胺係以類似方式定義,其中二芳基胺基較佳地在1位置或1、6位置與芘鍵結。更佳的發光化合物為例如根據WO 2006/108497或WO 2006/122630之茚并茀胺或-茀二胺、例如根據WO 2008/006449之苯并茚并茀胺或-茀二胺及例如根據WO 2007/140847之二苯并茚并茀胺或-二胺,以及在WO 2010/012328中所揭示之具有稠合芳基之茚并茀衍生物。同樣地,較佳為在WO 2012/048780和WO 2013/185871中所揭示之芘芳基胺(pyrenearylamine)。同樣地,較佳為在WO 2014/037077中所揭示之苯并茚并茀
胺、在WO 2014/106522中所揭示之苯并茀胺、在WO 2014/111269和尚未公開之申請案EP 15182993.4中所揭示之延伸的苯并茚并茀(extended benzoindenofluorene)、在尚未公開之申請案EP 15181178.3和EP 15181177.5中所揭示之啡(phenoxazine)、及在尚未公開之申請案EP 15000876.1中所揭示之與呋喃單元或噻吩單元鍵結之茀衍生物。
較佳地有用於螢光發光化合物之基質材料包括各種物質類別的材料。較佳的基質材料係選自下列類別:寡聚伸芳基(oligoarylene)(例如根據EP 676461之2,2’,7,7’-四苯基螺雙茀或二萘基蒽)(尤其為含有稠合芳族基團之寡聚伸芳基),寡聚伸芳基伸乙烯基(oligoarylenevinylene)(例如根據EP 676461之DPVBi或螺-DPVBi)、多牙金屬錯合物(例如根據WO 2004/081017)、電洞傳導化合物(例如根據WO 2004/058911)、電子傳導化合物,尤其為酮、膦氧化物(phosphine oxide)、亞碸等等(例如根據WO 2005/084081和WO 2005/084082)、構型異構物(atropisomer)(例如根據WO 2006/048268)、硼酸衍生物(例如根據WO 2006/117052)或苯并蒽(例如根據WO 2008/145239)。特別佳的基質材料係選自下列類別:包含萘、蒽、苯并蒽及/或芘之寡聚伸芳基或該等化合物之構型異構物、寡聚伸芳基伸乙烯基、酮、膦氧化物和亞碸。最特別佳的基質材料係選自下列類別:包含蒽、苯并蒽、苯并菲及/或芘之寡聚伸芳基或該等化合物之構型異構
物。應瞭解在本發明上下文中的寡聚伸芳基意指其中至少三個芳基或伸芳基彼此鍵結之化合物。更佳者為在WO 2006/097208、WO 2006/131192、WO 2007/065550、WO 2007/110129、WO 2007/065678、WO 2008/145239、WO 2009/100925、WO 2011/054442和EP 1553154中所揭示之蒽衍生物,在EP 1749809、EP 1905754和US 2012/0187826中所揭示之芘化合物,在WO 2015/158409中所揭示之苯并蒽基蒽(benzanthracenylanthracene)化合物,在尚未公開之申請案EP 15180777.3中所揭示之茚并苯并呋喃,及尚未公開之申請案EP 15182962.9中所揭示之菲基蒽(phenanthrylanthracene)。
用於磷光發光化合物之較佳的基質材料(除了式(I)化合物以外)為芳族酮、芳族膦氧化物或芳族亞碸或碸(例如根據WO 2004/013080、WO 2004/093207、WO 2006/005627或WO 2010/006680)、三芳基胺、咔唑衍生物(例如CBP(N,N-雙咔唑基聯苯基(N,N-biscarbazolylbiphenyl))或在WO 2005/039246、US 2005/0069729、JP 2004/288381、EP 1205527或WO 2008/086851中所揭示之咔唑衍生物)、吲哚并咔唑衍生物(例如根據WO 2007/063754或WO 2008/056746)、茚并咔唑衍生物(例如根據WO 2010/136109、WO 2011/000455或WO 2013/041176)、氮雜咔唑衍生物(例如根據EP 1617710、EP 1617711、EP 1731584、JP 2005/347160)、雙極性基質材料(例如根據WO 2007/137725)、矽烷(例如
根據WO 2005/111172)、氮硼呃(azaborole)或硼酸酯(例如根據WO 2006/117052)、三衍生物(例如根據WO 2010/015306、WO 2007/063754或WO 2008/056746)、鋅錯合物(例如根據EP 652273或WO 2009/062578)、二氮矽呃(diazasilole)或四氮矽呃衍生物(例如根據WO 2010/054729)、二氮磷呃(diazaphosphole)衍生物(例如根據WO 2010/054730)、橋連咔唑衍生物(例如根據US 2009/0136779、WO 2010/050778、WO 2011/042107、WO 2011/088877或WO 2012/143080)、聯伸三苯衍生物(例如根據WO 2012/048781)或內醯胺(例如根據WO 2011/116865或WO 2011/137951)。
用作為本發明之電子裝置的電洞注入層或電洞傳輸層或電子阻擋層中或電子傳輸層中之適合的電荷傳輸材料為(除了式(I)化合物以外)例如在Y.Shirota et al.,Chem.Rev.2007,107(4),953-1010中所揭示之化合物,或用於根據先前技術之該等層中的其他材料。
本發明之OLED較佳地包含二或多個不同的電洞傳輸層。式(I)化合物可於本文用於電洞傳輸層中之一或多者中或全部該等層中。在一較佳的實施態樣中,式(I)化合物用於確切地一個或確切地兩個電洞傳輸層中,及其他的化合物(較佳為芳族胺化合物)係用於另外存在的電洞傳輸層中。可與式(I)化合物一起較佳地用於本發明之OLED的電洞傳輸層中之另外的化合物尤其為茚并茀胺衍生物(例如根據WO 06/122630或WO 06/100896)、在EP 1661888中
所揭示之胺衍生物、六氮雜聯伸三苯衍生物(例如根據WO 01/049806)、具稠合芳族之胺衍生物(例如根據US 5,061,569)、在WO 95/09147中所揭示之胺衍生物、單苯并茚并茀胺(例如根據WO 08/006449)、二苯并茚并茀胺(例如根據WO 07/140847)、螺雙茀胺(例如根據WO 2012/034627或WO 2013/120577)、茀胺(例如根據WO 2014/015937、WO 2014/015938、WO 2014/015935和WO 2015/082056)、螺二苯并哌喃胺(spirodibenzopyranamine)(例如根據WO 2013/083216)、二氫吖啶衍生物(dihydroacridine derivative)(例如根據WO 2012/150001)、螺二苯并呋喃和螺二苯并噻吩(例如根據WO 2015/022051和尚未公開之申請案PCT/EP2015/002475和PCT/EP2016/000084)、菲二芳基胺(phenanthrenediarylamine)(例如根據WO 2015/131976)、螺三苯并托酚酮(spirotribenzotropolone)(例如根據尚未公開之申請案PCT/EP2015/002225)、具有間-苯基二胺基團之螺雙茀(例如根據尚未公開之申請案PCT/EP2015/002112)、螺雙吖啶(spirobisacridine)(例如根據WO 2015/158411)、二芳基胺(xanthenediarylamine)(例如根據WO 2014/072017)、及具有二芳基胺基之9,10-二氫蒽螺化合物(9,10-dihydroanthracene spiro compound)(根據WO 2015/086108)。
極特佳者為使用在4位置上經二芳基胺基取代之螺雙茀作為電洞傳輸化合物,尤其使用在WO 2013/120577中所主張且揭示的那些化合物,且使用在2位置上經二芳基
胺基取代之螺雙茀作為電洞傳輸化合物,尤其使用在WO 2012/034627中所主張且揭示的那些化合物。
用於電子傳輸層之材料可為根據先前技術用作為電子傳輸層中的電子傳輸材料之任何材料。尤其適合的是鋁錯合物(例如Alq3)、鋯錯合物(例如Zrq4)、鋰錯合物(例如Liq)、苯并咪唑衍生物、三衍生物、嘧啶衍生物、吡啶衍生物、吡衍生物、喹啉衍生物、喹啉衍生物、二唑衍生物、芳族酮、內醯胺、硼烷、二氮磷呃衍生物和膦氧化物衍生物。另外適合的材料為如JP 2000/053957、WO 2003/060956、WO 2004/028217、WO 2004/080975和WO 2010/072300中所揭示之前述化合物的衍生物。
電子裝置之較佳的陰極為具有低功函數之金屬、金屬合金或由各種金屬(例如鹼土金屬、鹼金屬、主族金屬或鑭系元素(例如Ca、Ba、Mg、Al、In、Mg、Yb、Sm等等))所組成之多層結構。另外,適合的是由鹼金屬或鹼土金屬與銀所組成之合金,例如由鎂與銀所組成之合金。在多層結構的例子中,除了所述之金屬以外,亦有可能使用具有相對高功函數之另外的金屬,例如Ag或Al,在此例子中,例如通常使用金屬的組合,諸如Ca/Ag、Mg/Ag或Ba/Ag。可能亦較佳的是在金屬陰極與有機半導體之間引入具有高介電常數之材料的薄中間層。可出於此目的而使用之材料的實例為鹼金屬或鹼土金屬氟化物,還有相應之氧化物或碳酸鹽(例如LiF、Li2O、BaF2、MgO、NaF、CsF、Cs2CO3等等)。亦有可能出於此目的而使用喹啉酚
鋰(lithium quinolinate)(Liq)。此層的層厚度較佳為介於0.5與5奈米之間。
較佳的陽極為具有高功函數之材料。陽極較佳地具有相對於真空而大於4.5eV之功函數(work function)。第一,具有高氧化還原電位之金屬適合於此目的,例如Ag、Pt或Au。第二,金屬/金屬氧化物電極(例如Al/Ni/NiOx、Al/PtOx)亦可能較佳。電極中之至少一者對一些應用而言必須為透明或部分透明,以便能照射有機材料(有機太陽能電池)或發光(OLED、O-雷射)。較佳的陽極材料在此為導電性混合型金屬氧化物。特佳者為氧化銦錫(ITO)或氧化銦鋅(IZO)。更佳者為導電性摻雜型有機材料(conductive doped organic material),尤其為導電性摻雜型聚合物。另外,陽極亦可由二或多層所組成,例如由ITO內層及金屬氧化物(較佳為氧化鎢、氧化鉬或氧化釩)外層所組成。
將該裝置適當地結構化(structured)(根據應用)、接點連接(contact-connected)及最後密封(sealed),以排除水及空氣的損害影響。
在一較佳的實施態樣中,電子裝置之特徵在於一或多層係以昇華法(sublimation process)塗佈。在此例子中,材料係在真空昇華系統中於低於10-5毫巴(mbar)、較佳為低於10-6毫巴之初始壓力下藉由蒸鍍(vapour deposition)而施加。然而,在此例子中亦有可能以甚至更低的初始壓力,例如低於10-7毫巴。
同樣地較佳者為以下列為特徵之電子裝置:一或多層係以OVPD(有機蒸氣相沈積(organic vapour phase deposition))方法或輔以載體氣體昇華法(carrier gas sublimation)塗佈。在此例子中,材料係在介於10-5毫巴與1巴之間的壓力下施加。此方法的特殊例子為OVJP(有機蒸氣噴射印刷(organic vapour jet printing))方法,其中,材料係以噴嘴直接施加且因此結構化(例如M.S.Arnold et al.,Appl.Phys.Lett.2008,92,053301)。
另外較佳者為以下列為特徵之電子裝置:一或多層係自溶液製造,例如藉由旋轉塗佈或藉由任何印刷方法,例如網版印刷、快乾印刷、噴嘴印刷或平版印刷,但是更佳為LITI(光誘致熱成像(light-induced thermal imaging)、熱轉移印刷(thermal transfer printing))或噴墨印刷。為此目的,需要可溶性式(I)化合物。高溶解度可藉由適合的化合物取代而達成。
另外較佳的是本發明之電子裝置可藉由自溶液施加一或多層及以昇華法施加一或多層來製造。
根據本發明,包含一或多種式(I)化合物之電子裝置可用於顯示器中、用作為照明應用中的光源及用作為醫藥及/或化妝應用(例如光療法)中的光源。
將21.7克(139mmol)4-氯苯硼酸(4-chlorobenzeneboronic acid)、50克(126mmol)4-溴-9,9-螺雙茀(4-bromo-9,9-spirobifluorene)及208毫升2M K2CO3水溶液(416mmol)懸浮在300毫升四氫呋喃中。將1.45克(1.26mmol)肆(三苯基)膦-鈀(0)(tetrakis(triphenyl)phosphine-palladium(0))添加至此懸浮液中。將反應混合物在回流下加熱16小時。在冷卻之後,將有機相移出,通過矽膠過濾,以300毫
升水清洗三次且接著濃縮至乾燥。在粗製產物以庚烷/乙酸乙酯(20:1)通過矽膠過濾之後,獲得48克(89%)4-(3-氯苯基)-9,9-螺雙茀。
將15.1克雙(聯苯-4-基)胺(bis(biphenyl-4-yl)amine)(46.8mmol)及20克4-(3-氯苯基)-9,9-螺雙茀(4-(3-chlorophenyl)-9,9-spirobifluorene)(46.8毫莫耳)溶解在300毫升甲苯中。將溶液脫氣且以N2飽和。隨後將2.34毫升(2.34mmol)1M三-三級丁膦(tri-tert-butylphosphine)溶液及0.26克(1.17mmol)乙酸鈀(II)添加至其中。接著添加11.2克三級丁醇鈉(sodium tert-butoxide)(117mmol)。將反應混合物在保護氛圍下加熱至沸騰4小時。接著使混合物在甲苯與水間分溶(partition),且將有機相以水清洗三次,經Na2SO4乾燥且以旋轉蒸發(rotary evaporation)濃縮。在粗製產物以甲苯通過矽膠過濾之後,將剩餘殘餘物自庚烷/甲苯再結晶且最後在高真空下昇華。純度為99.9%。產量為23克(71%之理論值)。
本發明之OLED及根據先前技術之OLED係以根據WO 04/058911之通用方法製造,使該方法適應於本文所述之情況(例如材料、層厚度)。
在隨後的本發明實施例中,呈示各種OLED之數據(參見表1至4)。所使用的基板為以結構化ITO(氧化銦錫)塗佈之50奈米厚度的玻璃板。OLED具有下列一般的層
結構:基板/電洞注入層(HIL)/電洞傳輸層(HTL)/隨意的第二電洞傳輸層(HTL2)/電子阻擋層(EBL)/發光層(EML)/電子傳輸層(ETL)/電子注入層(EIL)及最後的陰極。陰極係由100奈米厚度的鋁層所形成。OLED的實際結構顯示於表1中。用於製造OLED所需之材料顯示於表3中。
所有的材料係在真空室中以熱蒸鍍法(thermal vapour deposition)施加。在此例子中,發光層總是由至少一種基質材料(主體材料)及發光摻雜劑(發光體)所組成,該發光摻雜劑係藉由共同蒸發而以特定的體積比例添加至基質材料中。以H1:SEB(5%)的此種形式給出之詳述在此意指材料H1係以95%之體積比例存在於層中及SEB係以5%之體積比例存在於層中。在類似的方式中,其他的層亦可由二或多種材料之混合物所組成。以表1和4給出此詳述。
OLED係以標準的方式特徵化(characterize)。出於此目的而測定為發光強度(luminance)之函數的外部量子效率(EQE,以百分比量測),係自電流-電壓-發光強度特徵線(IUL特徵)計算而來(假設朗伯輻射特徵(Lambertian radiation characteristic)),且亦測定壽命。參數EQE @ 10mA/cm2係指在10mA/cm2之電流密度下的外部量子效率。LD80 @ 60mA/cm2為直到OLED在沒有任何加速因子下自5000cd/m2之其初始亮度下降至其初始亮度的80%(亦即4000cd/m2)為止的壽命。以本發明之OLED及比較用OLED所獲得的值總結於表2a和2b。
所有含有本發明化合物的測試之OLED,單重態藍光裝置(I1至I4和I8至I10)及三重態綠光裝置(I7)二者,皆展現非常好的壽命及效率之量測參數值。本發明化合物分別用於所製造之裝置中的電洞注入層及/或電洞傳輸層及/
或電子阻擋層中。
應自所獲得的結果強調下列的比較:在其他方面具有相同結構之裝置C1、I1和I3的比較顯示包含本發明化合物HTM1(I1)和HTM2(I3)之裝置顯示比包含比較用化合物HTMC1(C1)之比較用裝置還更好的效率值。這顯示藉由引入鄰-或間-伸苯基達成改進(與對-伸苯基相比)。
在其他方面具有相同結構之裝置C2和I1的比較顯示包含本發明化合物HTM1(I1)之裝置顯示比包含比較用化合物HTMC2(C2)之比較用裝置還更好的效率值。這顯示藉由經4-取代之螺化合物(4-substituted spiro compound)達成改進(與經2-取代之螺化合物(2-substituted spiro compound)相比)。
在其他方面具有相同結構之裝置C3和I2及I9的比較顯示包含本發明化合物HTM3(I2)之裝置及包含本發明化合物HTM6(I9)之裝置顯示比包含比較用化合物HTMC3(C3)之比較用裝置還更好的效率值。這以兩個其他的實施例再次顯示藉由引入間-伸苯基(meta-phenylene group)達成改進(與對-伸苯基(para-phenylene group)相比)。
在其他方面具有相同結構之包含HTM3的本發明之OLED I2與包含HTM2的本發明之OLED I4兩者之間的進一步比較顯示透過使用兩個茀基而非一個茀基及一個聯苯基(在胺上)而獲得明顯驚人的效率改進。
并其他方面具有相同結構之裝置C4和I7的比較顯示
包含本發明化合物HTM2(I7)之裝置顯示比包含比較用化合物HTMC1(C4)之比較用裝置還更好的壽命值。這以另一實施例再次顯示藉由引入間-伸苯基達成改進(與對-伸苯基相比)。
在該兩個實施例中,使用材料HTM4和HTM5,該等為根據本發明的經3-取代之螺雙茀(3-substituted spirobifluorene)。亦以該兩種材料於OLED中達成良好的結果。
Claims (18)
- 一種式(I-1)或式(I-2)的化合物:
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,R1基團為H。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物,其中,R2在 各情況下相同或不同且選自H、F、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、三級丁基、苯基、聯苯基、聯三苯基、萘基、咔唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、9,9‘-二甲基茀基和9,9‘-二苯基茀基。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物,其中,R2基團為H。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物,其中,當Ar1為芳族環系統時,其在各情況下相同或不同且選自具有6至12個芳族環原子且視需要地經一或多個R3基團取代之芳族環系統。
- 根據申請專利範圍第6項之化合物,其中,Ar1在各情況下相同或不同且選自各自視需要地經一或多個R3基 團取代之9,9'-二甲基茀基和9,9'-二苯基茀基。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物,其中,R3為H。
- 一種製備根據申請專利範圍第1至8項中之一或多項之化合物的方法,其特徵在於使攜有一個反應性基團(reactive group)之螺雙茀先在第一金屬催化偶合反應中與含有兩個反應性基團之苯衍生物反應,該兩個反應性基團之一於此偶合反應中轉化,且其中胺基最後係經由第二有機金屬偶合反應而在該兩個反應性基團之另一者上引入化合物中;或其特徵在於使攜有兩個反應性基團之苯化合物在第一金屬催化偶合反應中與胺基化合物在該兩個反應性基團之一上反應,且在第二金屬催化偶合反應中與螺雙茀衍生物在該兩個反應性基團之另一者上反應。
- 一種寡聚物,其含有一或多種根據申請專利範圍第1至8項中之一或多項之式(I-1)或式(I-2)的化合物,其中,至該寡聚物之鍵可位於式(I-1)或式(I-2)中經R1或R2或R3取代之任何所欲位置上。
- 一種聚合物,其含有一或多種根據申請專利範圍第1至8項中之一或多項之式(I-1)或式(I-2)的化合物,其中,至該聚合物之鍵可位於式(I-1)或式(I-2)中經R1或R2或R3 取代之任何所欲位置上。
- 根據申請專利範圍第11項之聚合物,其中,該聚合物為樹枝狀聚合物。
- 一種調配物,其包含至少一種根據申請專利範圍第1至8項中之一或多項之化合物、根據申請專利範圍第11項之聚合物、或根據申請專利範圍第10項之寡聚物,以及至少一種溶劑。
- 一種電子裝置,其包含至少一種根據申請專利範圍第1至8項中之一或多項之化合物、根據申請專利範圍第11項之聚合物、或根據申請專利範圍第10項之寡聚物。
- 根據申請專利範圍第14項之電子裝置,其中,其為包含陽極、陰極及至少一個發光層之有機電致發光裝置,其中,該裝置中之至少一有機層,其可為發光層或電洞傳輸層、電洞注入層或電子阻擋層,係含有至少一種該化合物。
- 根據申請專利範圍第14項之電子裝置,其中,其為包含陽極、陰極、至少一個發光層、及介於該陽極與發光層之間的二、三或四個電洞傳輸層之有機電致發光裝置,其中,該電洞傳輸層中之至少一者係含有至少一種該化合 物。
- 根據申請專利範圍第14項之電子裝置,其中,其為包含陽極、陰極、至少一個發光層、及至少一個含有至少一種該化合物及至少一種選自p-摻雜劑之其他化合物的電洞傳輸層之有機電致發光裝置。
- 一種根據申請專利範圍第1至8項中之一或多項之化合物的用途,係用於電子裝置。
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-
2017
- 2017-01-17 JP JP2018540789A patent/JP7051691B2/ja active Active
- 2017-01-17 EP EP17700472.8A patent/EP3411455B1/de active Active
- 2017-01-17 KR KR1020187025345A patent/KR20180111905A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-01-17 US US16/075,363 patent/US20190040034A1/en active Pending
- 2017-01-17 WO PCT/EP2017/000042 patent/WO2017133829A1/de active Application Filing
- 2017-01-17 CN CN201780009547.XA patent/CN108603107B/zh active Active
- 2017-02-02 TW TW106103508A patent/TWI798167B/zh active
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Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2019507138A (ja) | 2019-03-14 |
KR20180111905A (ko) | 2018-10-11 |
TW201800385A (zh) | 2018-01-01 |
EP3411455A1 (de) | 2018-12-12 |
EP3411455B1 (de) | 2020-10-21 |
JP2022003039A (ja) | 2022-01-11 |
US20190040034A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
JP7051691B2 (ja) | 2022-04-11 |
WO2017133829A1 (de) | 2017-08-10 |
CN108603107A (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
CN108603107B (zh) | 2022-08-26 |
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