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TWI784706B - Wire electrode for spark erosion cutting - Google Patents

Wire electrode for spark erosion cutting Download PDF

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TWI784706B
TWI784706B TW110133855A TW110133855A TWI784706B TW I784706 B TWI784706 B TW I784706B TW 110133855 A TW110133855 A TW 110133855A TW 110133855 A TW110133855 A TW 110133855A TW I784706 B TWI784706 B TW I784706B
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wire
particles
less
surface area
electrode according
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TW202310958A (en
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伯恩德 巴瑟爾
斯特凡 弗拉格
圖比厄斯 諾瑟
伊沃 贊克
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德商貝肯赫佛股份有限公司
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Abstract

The present application provides a wire electrode for spark-erosion cutting having a core, which contains a metal or a metal alloy, and a covering layer, surrounding the core, which comprises regions the morphology of which corresponds to block-like particles, which are spatially separated, at least over a portion of their circumference, from each other and/or the core material by cracks, characterized in that, viewed in a wire cross section perpendicular or parallel to the wire longitudinal axis, the portion amounting to more than 50% of the surface area of a region with the morphology of a block-like particle contains a copper-zinc alloy with a zinc concentration of 58.5-67 wt.-%, wherein, in a view perpendicular to the wire surface, the proportion of the surface formed by the block-like particles is more than 20% and less than 50% of the entire surface of the wire electrode and the block-like particles the surface area of which in each case lies in the range of 25-250 µm 2in total make up a proportion of more than 50% of the surface area of all block-like particles.

Description

用於電火花沖蝕切割的線狀電極Wire electrodes for EDM

本案係關於一種用於電火花沖蝕切割的線狀電極及其製造方法。 This case relates to a wire-shaped electrode for electric spark erosion cutting and its manufacturing method.

電火花沖蝕方法(放電加工(Electrical Discharge Machining,EDM))用於分離導電工件,其係透過導電工件及一工具之間的火花放電以去除材料。為此,在例如為去離子水或油的介電液體中,於相應的工件和工具之間產生可控制的火花放電,且該工具設置於距離工件較近的距離,並透過電壓脈衝的應用程序而作為電極。利用此方式,例如由金屬、導電陶瓷或複合材料等組成的工件實質上可不受其硬度影響而被加工。火花放電的電能由沖蝕機的脈衝產生器所提供。 The method of electrical discharge erosion (Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)) is used to separate conductive workpieces by removing material through a spark discharge between the conductive workpiece and a tool. For this purpose, in a dielectric liquid such as deionized water or oil, a controllable spark discharge is generated between the corresponding workpiece and the tool, and the tool is arranged at a short distance from the workpiece and through the application of a voltage pulse program as an electrode. In this way, for example workpieces consisting of metals, conductive ceramics or composite materials can be machined substantially independently of their hardness. The electric energy of the spark discharge is provided by the pulse generator of the erosion machine.

電火花沖蝕切割或線材沖蝕為一種特殊的電火花沖蝕方法,其工具係由一根拉緊之細線所構成,且其直徑約為0.02至0.4毫米。線材在沖蝕過程中因去除材料而被磨損,故必須透過切割或加工區連續拉伸,並且只能使用一次,即線材持續損耗。所需之切割輪廓首先透過主切割以相對較高的放電能量完成,且為了改善工件的輪廓精度和表面粗糙度,在主切割後會進行一個或多個修整切割,並依次降低放電能量。在這些修整切割過程中,線狀電極僅與其圓周的一部分接合。主切割和修整切割的機器設置參數 (例如開路電壓、脈衝電流、脈衝持續時間、暫停持續時間、間隙寬度調節參數、線材預緊力、線材走線速度、沖洗壓力等)係被結合於所述工藝或沖蝕或切割工藝中。對於待加工之不同材料類型、工件高度、線材類型、線材直徑和目標質量,於本領域中目前常用的沖蝕機可提供相應的沖蝕技術。 EDM cutting or wire erosion is a special EDM method in which the tool consists of a thin tensioned wire with a diameter of about 0.02 to 0.4 mm. The wire is worn away by removing material during the erosion process, so it must be continuously stretched through the cutting or processing zone and can only be used once, ie the wire is continuously worn out. The required cutting profile is first completed by the main cutting with relatively high discharge energy, and in order to improve the contour accuracy and surface roughness of the workpiece, one or more trimming cuts will be performed after the main cutting, and the discharge energy will be reduced in turn. During these trim cuts, the wire electrode engages only a portion of its circumference. Machine setup parameters for main and trim cuts (e.g. open circuit voltage, pulse current, pulse duration, pause duration, gap width adjustment parameters, wire pretension, wire running speed, flushing pressure, etc.) are incorporated into the process or erosion or cutting process. For different types of materials to be processed, workpiece heights, wire types, wire diameters and target qualities, currently commonly used erosion machines in this field can provide corresponding erosion techniques.

於實務上,使用具有塗層和不具有塗層的線材或線狀電極,且其通常以黃銅或銅為基礎製造而成。不具有塗層之線狀電極(也被稱作裸線)由均質材料所組成,而具有塗層之線狀電極具有覆蓋層或塗層芯線。於現有技術中,具有塗層之線狀電極通常由一個護套或覆蓋層所組成,且其可由一個覆蓋層或多個覆蓋層一層一層地排列所組成,並負責實際之沖蝕過程,而線狀電極的芯部賦予線材通過和線材預張所需之抗伸強度,以及必要之導電性和導熱性。 In practice, coated and uncoated wires or wire electrodes are used and are usually manufactured on a brass or copper basis. Uncoated wire electrodes (also called bare wires) consist of a homogeneous material, while coated wire electrodes have a covering layer or a coated core. In the prior art, a coated wire electrode usually consists of a sheath or a covering layer, and it can be composed of a covering layer or a plurality of covering layers arranged layer by layer, and is responsible for the actual erosion process, while The core of the wire electrode imparts the required tensile strength for wire passage and wire pretensioning, as well as the necessary electrical and thermal conductivity.

裸線通常由黃銅和鋅組成,其中鋅之比例在35質量%到40質量%之間,而多數塗層線材具有包含銅或黃銅之芯部和一或多層包含鋅或銅鋅合金的覆蓋層。鋅和黃銅係作為於實際沖蝕過程中所使用的材料,其中,由於鋅之蒸發溫度較低,且具有相對較高的沖蝕去除率和效率之優點,以及可以傳輸極小脈衝能量對工件表面進行精準加工,故可在加工時產生儘可能小的表面粗糙度。在此背景下,為了精準加工,經常使用具有主要由鋅或僅由鋅所組成之覆蓋層的線狀電極。 Bare wires usually consist of brass and zinc with a zinc content between 35% and 40% by mass, while most coated wires have a core comprising copper or brass and one or more layers comprising zinc or a copper-zinc alloy. overlay. Zinc and brass are the materials used in the actual erosion process. Among them, due to the low evaporation temperature of zinc, it has the advantages of relatively high erosion removal rate and efficiency, and can transmit extremely small pulse energy to the workpiece. The surface is precisely machined so that the smallest possible surface roughness can be produced during machining. Against this background, for precise machining, wire electrodes with a coating mainly consisting of zinc or consisting exclusively of zinc are often used.

眾所周知,相較於裸線與具有主要由鋅或僅由鋅所組成的塗層的線材相比,使用具有一或多種含鋅合金的塗層的線材可提高去除 率或切割性能。這些包括其塗層分別在β相、β'相、γ相和ε相中的一個或多個相中含有黃銅的線材。 It is well known that the use of wire with a coating of one or more zinc-containing alloys improves the removal of rate or cutting performance. These include wires whose coatings contain brass in one or more of the beta, beta', gamma and epsilon phases, respectively.

為了達成較高之切割性能,由例如γ相黃銅之脆性合金所製成之塗層已被證明較有優勢,透過擴散使脆性合金之直徑大於最終直徑,再透過冷卻成型將其製為最終尺寸。因此,脆硬層破裂並在其中形成凹痕和連續裂縫,致使位於其下方之材料穿過脆硬層(參見美國專利US 5,945,010及US 6,306,523)。裂縫和凹痕增加線材的表面積,使得凹痕可更好地被周圍的電介質冷卻,亦可去除間隙中的顆粒。除此之外,由於電場的過度增加,故以在由裂縫產生的邊緣處形成放電為佳,藉此提高線狀電極的可燃性,從而提升切割性能。根據美國專利US 5,945,010所述,若塗層覆蓋線材表面的50%~100%,則就切割性能和表面品質而言可實現良好的沖蝕結果。 In order to achieve higher cutting performance, coatings made of brittle alloys such as γ-phase brass have proven to be more advantageous. The diameter of the brittle alloy is made larger than the final diameter by diffusion, and then it is made into the final by cooling and forming. size. As a result, the hard and brittle layer ruptures and forms indentations and continuous cracks in it, allowing the underlying material to pass through the hard and brittle layer (see US Patents US 5,945,010 and US 6,306,523). Cracks and dimples increase the surface area of the wire, allowing the dimples to be better cooled by the surrounding dielectric and also remove particles from the gap. In addition, due to the excessive increase of the electric field, it is better to form a discharge at the edge generated by the crack, thereby improving the flammability of the wire electrode, thereby improving the cutting performance. According to US Patent US 5,945,010, good washout results in terms of cutting performance and surface quality can be achieved if the coating covers 50% to 100% of the wire surface.

上述用於提高切割性能之進一步發展還包含結合多層覆蓋物中的不同層之組合。有時於製造期間中,會發生必然之擴散過程,護套具有包含相混合物的黃銅覆蓋層,其中相混合物可例如為混合α和β相或混合β和γ相。 The above-mentioned further developments for increasing the cutting performance also consist of combining combinations of different layers in multi-layer coverings. Sometimes during manufacture, a necessary diffusion process takes place, the sheath has a brass cover layer comprising a mixture of phases, where the phase mixture may for example be a mixed alpha and beta phase or a mixed beta and gamma phase.

於美國專利US 7,723,635中揭露了一種線狀電極,其具有芯部和黃銅合金的第一覆蓋層,且黃銅合金具有比例約37-49.5質量%的鋅,其中均勻分佈的晶粒彼此間隔,並且黃銅合金含有鋅含量約為49.5-58質量%的鋅嵌入於覆蓋層中。在使用上述線狀電極時,由於導電性和強度提升,故可因此提升沖蝕性能。 In US Pat. No. 7,723,635 a wire-shaped electrode is disclosed, which has a core and a first covering layer of brass alloy with zinc in a proportion of about 37-49.5% by mass, wherein uniformly distributed grains are spaced apart from each other , and the brass alloy contains zinc with a zinc content of about 49.5-58% by mass embedded in the covering layer. When the above-mentioned linear electrodes are used, the erosion performance can be improved due to the improved conductivity and strength.

根據歐洲專利EP-A-2 193 867所述,多個覆蓋層中的至少一個主要具有β和γ黃銅的細粒混合物。透過將γ黃銅加入到β黃銅基 體中,γ黃銅在沖蝕過程中不會太快磨損,而是以小份量釋放到沖蝕間隙中以有效完成去除。 According to European patent EP-A-2 193 867, at least one of the plurality of covering layers mainly has a fine-grained mixture of beta and gamma brass. By adding gamma brass to beta brass base In the body, the γ-brass does not wear out too quickly during the erosion process, but is released into the erosion gap in a small amount to effectively complete the removal.

於歐洲專利EP-A-1 846 189中揭露了一種線狀電極,其包含第一層β黃銅和一個撕裂之γ黃銅層,且β黃銅層出現於其孔中。 In European patent EP-A-1 846 189 a wire electrode is disclosed comprising a first layer of beta brass and a torn gamma brass layer, with the beta brass layer emerging in its pores.

於歐洲專利EP-A-2 517 817揭露了一種具有透過擴散形成的兩個合金層的線狀電極,其芯線材料沿第二合金層中的裂縫出現,因此在表面形成多個顆粒狀結構,晶粒包含芯材,並且設置於與線狀電極的垂直方向上,切割性能和表面品質皆因此獲得改善。 In European patent EP-A-2 517 817, a wire-like electrode with two alloy layers formed by diffusion is disclosed, the core wire material emerges along the cracks in the second alloy layer, thus forming a plurality of granular structures on the surface, The crystal grains include the core material and are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the wire electrodes, thereby improving cutting performance and surface quality.

然而,對於如γ相之脆性相塗層,一方面,層的厚度增加並無法確保性能的進一步提高(參照歐洲專利EP-A-1 295 664),而另一方面,就生產之經濟考量來說,將對形成較厚的有所限制(參照美國專利US 5,945,010)。 However, for brittle phase coatings such as gamma phase, on the one hand, the increase of layer thickness cannot ensure further improvement of performance (cf. European patent EP-A-1 295 664), and on the other hand, the Said, there will be restrictions on the formation of thicker (refer to US Pat. No. 5,945,010).

上述線狀電極中的一個缺點在於沒有製造商專門製造具有與這些線狀電極相互匹配之沖蝕技術的沖蝕機器。目前僅有針對黃銅裸線技術的沖蝕機器,因此通常無法達到精度和/或待加工部件所需的表面品質。儘管上述的補強方式可以對現有沖蝕技術進行調整或優化,但於沖蝕相關產業之從業人員通常不能或不希望為此花費額外時間。 A disadvantage of the above-mentioned wire electrodes is that there are no manufacturers who specialize in erosion machines with erosion technology compatible with these wire electrodes. Currently there are only erosion machines for brass bare wire technology, so the precision and/or surface quality required for the part to be machined is often not achieved. Although the above-mentioned reinforcement methods can adjust or optimize the existing erosion technology, practitioners in the erosion-related industries usually cannot or do not want to spend extra time on this.

特別是在通過一或多個精確加工步驟實現較小表面粗糙度的多步驟沖蝕加工的情況下,已知有例如美國專利US 5,945,010,其使用線狀電極會形成不欲見之凹槽,其中凹槽的走向平行於線材的走線速度。同時可參照歐洲專利EP-A-1 949 995中的對比試驗,於歐洲專利EP-A-1 949 995中,為解決上述問題,揭露了一種具有由塊狀結構(“塊體”)所形成的覆蓋層的線狀電極,其中該 塊體具有非常均勻的厚度,且塊體的鋅含量為超過50質量%,並覆蓋線材表面的50%以上。此外,在塊體之間所產生的裂縫依循較佳之方向,該方向與線縱軸形成之角度大於45°,而這些特徵係透過設置最終拉伸過程之前的覆蓋層之厚度為7μm或更小,並且設置在最終拉伸過程之前的最終直徑和中間直徑之比在0.4至0.8的範圍內所實現的。然而,這需要線狀電極以相應的小直徑進行鍍鋅,或者必須在以較大直徑進行鍍鋅後進行另一次中間製程,而兩者都會影響線狀電極製造的經濟可行性。 Especially in the case of multi-step erosion processing with one or more precise processing steps to achieve a small surface roughness, it is known, for example, US Pat. Wherein the direction of the groove is parallel to the running speed of the wire. At the same time, reference can be made to the comparative test in European patent EP-A-1 949 995. In European patent EP-A-1 949 995, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a kind of material with a structure formed by a block structure ("block") is disclosed. The covering layer of the wire electrode, where the The block has a very uniform thickness, and the zinc content of the block is more than 50% by mass, and covers more than 50% of the surface of the wire rod. In addition, the cracks created between the blocks follow a preferred direction, which forms an angle with the longitudinal axis of the thread greater than 45°, and these characteristics are obtained by setting the thickness of the cover layer before the final stretching process to be 7 μm or less , and setting the ratio of the final diameter to the intermediate diameter before the final stretching process is achieved in the range of 0.4 to 0.8. However, this requires the wire electrode to be galvanized with a correspondingly small diameter, or another intermediate process must be carried out after galvanizing with a larger diameter, both of which affect the economic feasibility of the wire electrode manufacture.

因此,如何發展一種可改善上述習知技術之用於電火花沖蝕切割的線狀電極,實為目前迫切之需求。 Therefore, how to develop a wire-shaped electrode for electric spark erosion cutting that can improve the above-mentioned conventional technology is an urgent need at present.

本案之目的為提供一種線狀電極,與黃銅裸線相比,本案之線狀電極具有更好的切割性能,從而提高了線沖蝕技術的經濟可行性,而與黃銅裸線和前述塗層線相比,具有相同或更高的部件的精度和表面品質。 The purpose of this case is to provide a wire electrode. Compared with bare brass wire, the wire electrode of this case has better cutting performance, thereby improving the economic feasibility of wire erosion technology, and compared with bare brass wire and the aforementioned Compared with coated lines, parts have the same or higher precision and surface quality.

本案之另一目的為提供一種對黃銅裸線進行沖蝕技術的線狀電極,特別對於包含多個切口的沖蝕技術,與黃銅裸線相比具有更高的切割性能,而與黃銅裸線和上述塗層線相比,具有相同或更高的部件的精度和表面質量。 Another purpose of this case is to provide a wire-shaped electrode for the erosion technology of bare brass wires, especially for the erosion technology including multiple cuts, which has higher cutting performance compared with bare brass wires, and has higher cutting performance than brass bare wires. Bare copper wire has the same or higher part accuracy and surface quality than the above-mentioned coated wire.

本案之另一目的為提供一種具有上述優點的線狀電極,該線狀電極可以盡可能用較少的製造成本製造。 Another object of the present application is to provide a wire electrode having the above advantages, which can be manufactured with as little manufacturing cost as possible.

為實現上述目的,本案具有如發明申請專利範圍中請求項1所述之線狀電極,發明申請專利範圍中附屬於請求項1之各附屬請求項包含線狀電極的各種較佳實施例。 In order to achieve the above purpose, this case has a linear electrode as described in claim 1 in the scope of the invention application, and each subsidiary claim attached to claim 1 in the scope of the invention application includes various preferred embodiments of the linear electrode.

1:線狀電極 1: Wire electrode

2:芯部 2: Core

3:塊狀顆粒 3: Blocky particles

4:裂縫(圍繞於塊狀顆粒之裂縫) 4: Cracks (cracks surrounding massive particles)

4':裂縫(塊狀顆粒內部之裂縫) 4': Cracks (cracks inside massive particles)

5:中心軸線(線狀電極之中心軸線) 5: Central axis (central axis of the linear electrode)

6:參考框 6: Reference frame

7:線形簇(塊狀顆粒之線形簇) 7: Linear clusters (linear clusters of massive particles)

第1圖示出本案較佳實施例之線狀電極的橫截面(垂直於線狀電極的縱軸)。 Figure 1 shows the cross-section of the linear electrode (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the linear electrode) of the preferred embodiment of the present application.

第2圖示出本案較佳實施例之線狀電極的外周緣切口的光學顯微照片,且其係垂直於線材的縱軸的橫截面。 Fig. 2 shows an optical micrograph of the cutout of the outer periphery of the wire electrode of the preferred embodiment of the present application, and it is a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the wire.

第3圖示出第1圖的線狀電極的外周緣切口,且其係垂直於縱軸的橫截面。 Fig. 3 shows the outer peripheral edge cutout of the linear electrode in Fig. 1, and it is a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

第4圖為本案線狀電極表面的光學顯微鏡照片。 Figure 4 is an optical microscope photo of the surface of the linear electrode in this case.

第5圖示出第3圖之光學顯微鏡圖片,其中矩形參考框用以確定塊狀顆粒或由其形成的線形簇的覆蓋程度。 Figure 5 shows the optical microscope picture of Figure 3, with a rectangular reference frame used to determine the degree of coverage of bulky particles or linear clusters formed therefrom.

第6圖示出第3圖之光學顯微鏡圖片,其中標有線縱軸和線狀簇的塊狀顆粒。 Fig. 6 shows the optical microscope picture of Fig. 3 with the longitudinal axis of the line and the lumpy particles of the line cluster.

第7圖示出現有技術的第一線狀電極的表面的光學顯微照片。 Fig. 7 shows an optical micrograph of the surface of the first linear electrode of the prior art.

第8圖示出現有技術的第二線狀電極的表面的光學顯微照片。 Figure 8 shows an optical micrograph of the surface of the second linear electrode of the prior art.

根據本發明,用於電火花沖蝕切割的線狀電極具有芯部,該芯部包含金屬或金屬合金。較佳地,芯部由一種或多種金屬和/或一種或多種金屬合金所組成,且金屬含量超過50質量%,更較佳地該含量為100%或實質上100%。詳細而言,芯部可以完全由一種金 屬或一種金屬合金形成。芯部可以均勻地形成,或者例如以不同成分的多個單獨的金屬或金屬合金層以一層一層地排列而形成,且具有沿徑向變化的特性。如本文所用之“實質上”係指根據本發明的線材、層或其芯部由分別揭露的組合物組成和/或具有公開的特性,其中生產製造及測量的公差係被納入考量,例如本領域具有通常知識者所熟悉之無法避免之雜質的存在。 According to the invention, a wire electrode for spark erosion cutting has a core which contains a metal or a metal alloy. Preferably, the core is composed of one or more metals and/or one or more metal alloys, and the metal content exceeds 50% by mass, more preferably the content is 100% or substantially 100%. In detail, the core can be entirely made of a gold Formation of a genus or a metal alloy. The core may be formed uniformly or, for example, in a layer-by-layer arrangement of individual metal or metal alloy layers of different compositions, with radially varying properties. "Substantially" as used herein means that a wire, layer or core thereof according to the present invention consists of the respectively disclosed composition and/or has the disclosed properties, wherein manufacturing and measurement tolerances are taken into account, such as this Fields have the presence of unavoidable impurities familiar to those of ordinary skill.

本案之金屬特別是指銅,金屬合金特別是指具有20%-42質量%之鋅比例的銅-鋅合金。 The metal in this case refers in particular to copper, and the metal alloy refers in particular to a copper-zinc alloy having a zinc proportion of 20%-42% by mass.

芯部係被例如以塗層的形式之護套(在下文中也稱為“覆蓋層”)所圍繞。覆蓋層在線材沖蝕的過程中會磨損,並用於影響沖蝕之特性。 The core is surrounded by a sheath, for example in the form of a coating (hereinafter also referred to as "covering layer"). The coating wears away during wire erosion and is used to affect the erosion properties.

本發明之線狀電極的覆蓋層包含具有顆粒外觀(形態)的區域,其特徵在於不規則輪廓,且其有時包含角半徑小於2μm的尖角和具有直線度與理想直線偏差小於2μm的直線。因此,這些區域被描述為形態對應於塊狀或塊狀顆粒的區域。於下文中,包含這些區域的層也稱為“具有塊狀形態的覆蓋層”,形態對應於塊狀或塊狀顆粒的區域也簡稱為“塊狀顆粒”(或“塊形顆粒”)。芯材可以穿過塊狀顆粒之間。此外,塊狀顆粒在其圓周的至少一部分上彼此空間分離和/或通過裂縫與芯材空間分離。塊狀顆粒本身亦可包含裂縫。 The covering layer of the wire-shaped electrode of the present invention comprises regions with a grainy appearance (morphology), characterized by irregular contours, and which sometimes contain sharp corners with a corner radius of less than 2 μm and straight lines with straightness deviations of less than 2 μm from an ideal straight line . Therefore, these regions are described as regions whose morphology corresponds to bulky or lumpy particles. Hereinafter, the layer including these regions is also referred to as "covering layer with bulky morphology", and the regions whose morphology corresponds to bulky or bulky particles are also simply referred to as "blocky particles" (or "blocky particles"). The core material can pass between the lumpy particles. Furthermore, the agglomerate particles are spatially separated from each other and/or from the core material by cracks over at least a portion of their circumference. The bulky particles themselves may also contain cracks.

裂縫的寬度通常最大約為2μm,多數約為1μm,可以於一般條件下利用電子顯微鏡掃瞄確認,例如透過分析基於背散射電子(20kV)測量的圖像。如果在短距離(例如1至2μm)上沿著裂縫的走向出現較大之裂縫寬度,則該結構同樣被視為本發明含義內的 裂縫。相較之下,塊狀顆粒(通常從線的外表面徑向向內形成)之間的較寬間距稱為凹痕或間隙。 The width of the cracks is usually at most about 2 μm, mostly about 1 μm, and can be confirmed under normal conditions by electron microscope scanning, for example by analyzing images based on backscattered electron (20 kV) measurements. A structure is also considered within the meaning of the present invention if a larger crack width occurs along the course of the crack over short distances (for example 1 to 2 μm) crack. In contrast, the wider spaces between the lumpy particles (usually formed radially inward from the outer surface of the wire) are called indentations or gaps.

於垂直或平行於線材縱軸(也稱為“線材縱軸”或“線材軸”)的線材橫截面之視角觀察,塊狀顆粒表面積的主要部分,即達50%以上為含鋅成分為58.5-67質量%的銅鋅合金。根據CuZn系統的相位圖所示,合金以γ相的形式存在於此部分表面積中。在與線材相鄰材料的邊界處,會形成β和/或β'相的“接縫”(如果使用銅或α黃銅作為芯材)。該接縫通常可使用光學顯微鏡識別(或使用專家已知的其他方法確認,例如掃描電子顯微鏡(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)/能量色散X射線光譜(energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,EDX),下文將更詳細解釋),且該接縫不是由塊狀顆粒所造成的。 Observed from the perspective of the cross-section of the wire rod perpendicular or parallel to the wire rod longitudinal axis (also known as "wire rod longitudinal axis" or "wire rod axis"), the main part of the surface area of the massive particles, that is, more than 50%, is zinc-containing composition of 58.5 - 67% by mass copper-zinc alloy. According to the phase diagram of the CuZn system, the alloy exists in the form of γ phase in this part of the surface area. At the boundary of material adjacent to the wire, a "seam" of beta and/or beta' phase will form (if copper or alpha brass is used as the core material). This seam can usually be identified using light microscopy (or confirmed using other methods known to experts, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), infra will be explained in more detail), and the seam is not caused by lumpy particles.

線狀電極的表面由塊狀顆粒、芯材和可選地由β和/或β'相的“接縫”所形成。在垂直於線材表面的視圖中,如第4圖至第6圖所示(垂直於最靠近觀察者(顯微鏡)徑向觀察的線材圓周的點),由塊狀顆粒形成的表面的比例(即覆蓋程度)佔據線狀電極整個表面的的比例為大於20%且小於50%,上述值可以由第5圖確定,並且於第5圖中利用合適的參考表面積來表示。該參考表面積在第5圖中係通過光參考框6來定義,其尺寸約為400μm x 50μm,並相對於導線縱軸對稱佈置。 The surface of the wire electrode is formed by bulk particles, core material and optionally "seams" of β and/or β' phase. In a view perpendicular to the wire surface, as shown in Figures 4 to 6 (points perpendicular to the wire circumference closest to the observer (microscope) radially viewed), the proportion of the surface formed by bulky particles (i.e. Coverage degree) occupying the proportion of the entire surface of the linear electrode is greater than 20% and less than 50%, the above-mentioned value can be determined from Figure 5, and is represented by a suitable reference surface area in Figure 5. This reference surface area is defined in Fig. 5 by the light reference frame 6, which measures approximately 400 μm x 50 μm and is arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the wire.

於上述垂直於線材表面的視圖中,表面積在25-250μm2範圍內的塊狀顆粒佔所有塊狀顆粒表面積的50%以上。 In the above view perpendicular to the surface of the wire, the massive particles with a surface area in the range of 25-250 μm 2 account for more than 50% of the surface area of all the massive particles.

於上述垂直於線材表面的視圖中,塊狀顆粒在顯著比例上以四個或更多個顆粒的線形簇排列。在這些簇中,顆粒之間的間距小於15μm。滿足此間距標準的彼此相鄰排列的顆粒也稱為相鄰顆粒。 In the above view perpendicular to the surface of the wire, the massive particles are arranged in linear clusters of four or more particles in a significant proportion. In these clusters, the spacing between particles is less than 15 μm. Particles arranged next to each other satisfying this spacing criterion are also referred to as adjacent particles.

線形是指顆粒以“行”的形式彼此相鄰排列作為均勻的結構特徵,其中排列可具有一定的不規則性(顆粒的尺寸和空間排列)。然而,線形簇具有較佳之方向,即通過定義縱向的行(線)排列,並且於橫向於上述縱向排列的方向上,沿著此橫向的線並沒有或僅有少數直接相鄰的顆粒,即如上所定義之間距小於15μm的顆粒。 Linearity means that the particles are arranged next to each other in "rows" as a uniform structural feature, where the arrangement may have some irregularity (size and spatial arrangement of the particles). However, the linear clusters have a preferred orientation, namely by defining a longitudinal row (line) arrangement, and in a direction transverse to said longitudinal arrangement, there are no or only a few directly adjacent particles along this transverse line, i.e. Particles separated by less than 15 μm as defined above.

特別的是,僅有少數塊狀顆粒以雜亂的“堆”的形式彼此相鄰排列,或由幾個線形簇形成的條狀排列,這些線形簇於縱向上的大部分範圍直接相鄰排列,即彼此非常接近而導致顆粒在(垂直)橫向方向上的間距小於15μm。 In particular, only a few blocky particles arranged adjacent to each other in random "stacks" or strips formed by several linear clusters arranged directly adjacent to each other over most of the longitudinal direction, That is so close to each other that the particles are separated by less than 15 μm in the (perpendicular) lateral direction.

因此,簇具有“分散”的外觀,即兩個簇之間只有幾個“接觸點”,例如第6圖中的簇(a)和(b)。 As a result, clusters have a "scattered" appearance, i.e. there are only a few "contact points" between two clusters, such as clusters (a) and (b) in Figure 6.

簇的特徵形態外觀可量化如下。 The characteristic morphological appearance of the clusters can be quantified as follows.

如上所述,選擇表面積在25-250μm2範圍內的塊狀顆粒的排列,其包含如此多的該尺寸的顆粒,以至於它們可以用直線(縱軸)連接,其中縱軸必須與滿足上述尺寸標準的所有顆粒相交或接觸,並且相鄰顆粒(該尺寸)在該縱向方向上的間距以這種方式定義小於15μm(或更小),以避免違反小於15μm的間距標準。 As mentioned above, an arrangement of blocky particles with a surface area in the range of 25-250 μm2 is selected that contains so many particles of this size that they can be connected by a straight line (longitudinal axis), where the vertical axis must be aligned with the above-mentioned size All particles of the standard intersect or touch, and the spacing of adjacent particles (of this size) in the longitudinal direction is defined in this way to be less than 15 μm (or smaller) to avoid violating the spacing criterion of less than 15 μm.

選擇在上述標準下相距最遠的簇中相距最遠的顆粒的端部作為縱軸的起點和終點。 The ends of the most distant grains in the most distant clusters under the above criteria were chosen as the start and end points of the vertical axis.

線狀簇的主要部分(即超過50%的部分)與線狀電極的縱軸形成之角度小於45°,且與沿線狀電極縱軸的視角方向無關,請參閱例如第6圖中的簇(a)和(c)。 The main part of the linear cluster (i.e. more than 50%) forms an angle with the longitudinal axis of the linear electrode of less than 45°, independent of the direction of viewing angle along the longitudinal axis of the linear electrode, see for example the cluster in Figure 6 ( a) and (c).

如上所述,線形簇以分散的方式出現,即幾個線形簇通常不會彼此緊鄰著設置(即在橫向方向上具有間隔,因此垂直於上述定義的簇的縱向方向,其中間隔小於15μm)。可以透過第6圖中簇(a)和(b)的排列示例看出。 As mentioned above, the linear clusters occur in a dispersed manner, i.e. several linear clusters are usually not arranged next to each other (i.e. with spacing in the transverse direction, thus perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the clusters as defined above, where the spacing is less than 15 μm). This can be seen through the example arrangement of clusters (a) and (b) in Figure 6.

在垂直或平行於線縱軸的線橫截面中觀察,超過三分之二的塊狀顆粒的厚度在徑向上測量為大於線狀電極的總直徑的0.8%且小於線狀電極的總直徑的2%。 Viewed in a wire cross-section perpendicular or parallel to the wire longitudinal axis, more than two-thirds of the bulk particles have a thickness measured radially greater than 0.8% and less than 0.8% of the overall diameter of the wire electrode 2%.

芯部和塗層中所含之金屬可能含有無法避免之雜質。 The metals contained in the core and coating may contain unavoidable impurities.

根據現有技術,可以預期的是具有破開層的線狀電極包含塊狀顆粒,且塊狀顆粒鋅含量超過50質量%,但線狀電極具有小於50%的此類顆粒的覆蓋度,並且不具有垂直於線縱軸的裂縫的較佳方向,因此既不利於切割性能,亦不利於組件的表面品質。 According to the prior art, it can be expected that a wire electrode with a broken layer contains massive particles with a zinc content of more than 50% by mass, but that the wire electrode has a coverage of less than 50% of such particles and does not There is a preferred orientation of the cracks perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the wire, thus detrimental neither to the cutting performance nor to the surface quality of the component.

然而,根據本發明的線狀電極,特別是在對黃銅裸線使用沖蝕術的情況下,可獲得切割性能和表面品質較好之結果。不受特定之理論侷限,以下特徵或其組合有助於使電火花沖蝕加工實現一致的切割:覆蓋度小於50%和大於20%;表面積在25-250μm2範圍內的塊狀顆粒佔所有塊狀顆粒表面積的50%以上;以及塊狀顆粒以至少4個顆粒的線形簇排列,其佔大部分或為主要之排列方式。 However, with the wire electrode according to the invention, especially in the case of using the erosion technique on bare brass wires, better cutting performance and surface quality results. Without being bound by a particular theory, the following features, or combinations thereof, contribute to consistent cuts in EDM: coverage of less than 50% and greater than 20%; blocky particles with a surface area in the range of 25-250 μm2 account for all More than 50% of the surface area of the massive particles; and the massive particles are arranged in linear clusters of at least 4 particles, which accounts for the majority or is the dominant arrangement.

此外,與黃銅裸線相比,在主切割和整個加工程序中的加工時間都顯著減少。 Furthermore, compared to bare brass wire, the machining time is significantly reduced both in the main cut and in the overall machining program.

再者,至少三分之二的塊狀顆粒,以目標設定的塊狀顆粒的厚度大於線狀電極總直徑的0.8%且小於2%。結合上述特徵,可以實現較佳的表面品質,且不易形成凹槽,其路線平行於線材走線速度。 Furthermore, at least two-thirds of the bulk particles, the thickness of the bulk particles set by the target is greater than 0.8% and less than 2% of the total diameter of the wire electrode. Combined with the above features, better surface quality can be achieved, and grooves are not easy to form, and their route is parallel to the speed of the wire.

[製造] [manufacture]

本發明之線狀電極的製造從初始材料即會產生影響,該初始材料由一種或多種金屬和/或一種或多種金屬合金所組成,金屬含量超過50質量%,且較佳為全部或實質上為全部。因此,舉例來說,可以從直徑為1.20mm的Cu、CuZn37或CuZn40(分別含有37%或40質量%鋅的黃銅)的均勻線形式的初始材料開始。從該初始材料開始,本發明之線狀電極的製造在理想情況下僅包括三個工藝步驟:塗鋅、擴散退火和拉伸以及最終的集中去應力退火。於擴散退火前選擇初始材料的直徑,以在拉伸至最終直徑的過程中使橫截面表面積減少20-25倍。於第一步中,用鋅塗覆初始材料,例如鋅塗覆通過電沉積。於擴散退火前的直徑處存在的鋅層的厚度由所選芯材的鋅含量所決定。例如,選擇由合金CuZn37所組成的均質芯部,則鋅層的厚度較佳在所需最終直徑的0.8%至1.6%內。例如,選擇由合金CuZn40組成的均質芯部,則鋅層的厚度較佳在所需最終直徑的0.6%至1.4%內。 The manufacture of the wire electrode of the present invention is effected from a starting material consisting of one or more metals and/or one or more metal alloys with a metal content exceeding 50% by mass, preferably wholly or substantially for all. Thus, for example, it is possible to start with a starting material in the form of a homogeneous wire of Cu, CuZn 37 or CuZn 40 (brass containing 37% or 40% by mass zinc, respectively) with a diameter of 1.20 mm. Starting from this starting material, the manufacture of the wire electrode according to the invention ideally comprises only three process steps: zinc coating, diffusion annealing and stretching and final intensive stress-relief annealing. The diameter of the initial material prior to diffusion annealing is chosen to reduce the cross-sectional surface area by a factor of 20-25 during stretching to the final diameter. In a first step, the starting material is coated with zinc, for example by electrodeposition. The thickness of the zinc layer present at the diameter before diffusion annealing is determined by the zinc content of the chosen core material. For example, choosing a homogeneous core composed of the alloy CuZn 37 , the thickness of the zinc layer is preferably within 0.8% to 1.6% of the desired final diameter. For example, choosing a homogeneous core composed of the alloy CuZn 40 , the thickness of the zinc layer is preferably within 0.6% to 1.4% of the desired final diameter.

接著對塗有鋅的線材進行擴散退火,在此過程中產生一個覆蓋層,該覆蓋層主要包含鋅成分為58.5-67質量%的銅鋅合金。根據CuZn系統的相位圖,該合金以γ相存在。 The zinc-coated wire is then subjected to diffusion annealing, during which a coating is produced which mainly comprises a copper-zinc alloy with a zinc content of 58.5-67% by mass. According to the phase diagram of the CuZn system, the alloy exists in the γ phase.

擴散退火可以以固定方式進行,例如在罩式爐中,並以連續過程進行,例如透過電阻加熱。擴散退火可於以下條件進行,(例如在環境大氣或保護氣體下的罩式爐中),較佳為在180-230℃的範圍內,持續4-12小時,其中平均升溫速度較佳為至少80℃/h,平均冷卻速度較佳為至少60℃/h。上述條件可以被替代實現,例如通過在環境大氣或保護氣體下連續通過電阻加熱,其中平均加熱速率較佳為至少10℃/s。線材溫度優選地在600和800℃之間,退火時間優選地在10-200秒的範圍內,且平均冷卻速率優選地至少為10℃/秒。上述退火時間是指從離開室溫到再次達到室溫的時間段。 Diffusion annealing can be performed in a stationary manner, eg in a bell furnace, and in a continuous process, eg by resistance heating. Diffusion annealing can be carried out under the following conditions, (for example, in a bell furnace under ambient atmosphere or protective gas), preferably in the range of 180-230°C, for 4-12 hours, wherein the average heating rate is preferably at least 80°C/h, the average cooling rate is preferably at least 60°C/h. The above conditions can be achieved alternatively, for example by continuous pass resistance heating under ambient atmosphere or protective gas, wherein the average heating rate is preferably at least 10°C/s. The wire temperature is preferably between 600 and 800°C, the annealing time is preferably in the range of 10-200 seconds, and the average cooling rate is preferably at least 10°C/second. The aforementioned annealing time refers to the period of time from leaving room temperature to reaching room temperature again.

在最後一步中,線材較佳通過冷卻成型和去應力退火逐漸變細至最終直徑。最終直徑在0.02-0.40毫米之內。γ相黃銅的脆硬層撕裂,因此形成塊狀顆粒。塊狀顆粒在空間上彼此分離,導致芯材出現在塊狀顆粒之間。塊狀顆粒本身可能包含裂縫。 In the final step, the wire is preferably tapered to a final diameter by cooling forming and stress relief annealing. The final diameter is within 0.02-0.40 mm. The brittle hard layer of the gamma phase brass tears, thus forming lumpy particles. The blocky particles are spatially separated from each other, resulting in the presence of core material between the blocky particles. Lumpy particles may themselves contain cracks.

由於在擴散退火和橫截面縮小之前以如上所述的目標方式選擇鋅層的厚度,因此在拉伸至最終直徑期間產生塊狀顆粒,其在各種情況下,在垂直於線材表面的視圖中具有範圍在25-250μm2內的表面積,並且其產生的總比例超過所有塊狀顆粒的表面積的50%。另外,在垂直於線材表面的視圖中,塊狀顆粒以顯著數量且特別是主要以至少四個顆粒的線形簇排列。在這些簇中,顆粒之間的間距小於15μm。線形簇中超過50%的主要部分與線狀電極的縱軸所形成之角度小於45°。塊狀顆粒的覆蓋度佔線狀電極整個表面的比例為小於50%且大於20%。 Due to the selection of the thickness of the zinc layer in a targeted manner as described above before diffusion annealing and cross-sectional reduction, blocky particles are produced during drawing to the final diameter, which in each case have, in a view perpendicular to the wire surface, Surface areas in the range of 25-250 μm 2 and which result in a total proportion of more than 50% of the surface area of all bulk particles. In addition, in a view perpendicular to the surface of the wire, the massive particles are arranged in significant numbers and in particular predominantly in linear clusters of at least four particles. In these clusters, the spacing between particles is less than 15 μm. More than 50% of the main part of the linear clusters form an angle smaller than 45° with the longitudinal axis of the linear electrode. The coverage of the bulk particles accounts for less than 50% and greater than 20% of the entire surface of the wire electrode.

至少於最後的12個拉伸步驟中,線形簇的形成還通過每個拉伸步驟中橫截面減少量約8-12%之範圍進行。 In less than the last 12 stretching steps, the formation of linear tufts also proceeded through a reduction in cross-section in each stretching step in the range of about 8-12%.

如果超過三分之二的塊狀顆粒的厚度在最終直徑的情況下低於線狀電極和塊狀顆粒的最終直徑的0.8%,則與黃銅裸線相比,使用這種實施例並無法實現切割性能的顯著提高,它們在各種情況下具有表面25-250μm2範圍內的面積,總共佔所有塊狀顆粒表面積的不到50%。 If the thickness of more than two-thirds of the bulk particles is less than 0.8% of the final diameter of the wire electrodes and the bulk particles in the case of final diameter, using this embodiment does not compare to the brass bare wire. Achieving a significant increase in cutting performance, they have in each case a surface area in the range of 25-250 μm 2 , which together account for less than 50% of the surface area of all bulk particles.

另一方面,如果擴散退火後的塗層厚度太大,則塊狀顆粒滿足厚度超過最終直徑的2%且滿足表面積超過250μm2(在垂直於線材表面的視圖中觀察到的)在拉伸至最終直徑後逐漸形成。此外,由於冷成形導致γ相黃銅脆硬層在徑向方向上更嚴重地破碎,塊狀顆粒的厚度變化更大。通過這樣的實施例,雖然在主切口中實現了與黃銅裸線相比切割性能的顯著提高,但是這樣的實施例越來越多地導致修整切口中的短路和意外放電。這不僅會導致切割性能下降,還會損害部件的表面品質。 On the other hand, if the coating thickness after diffusion annealing is too large, the bulk particles meet a thickness greater than 2% of the final diameter and a surface area greater than 250 μm2 (observed in a view perpendicular to the wire surface) upon stretching to After the final diameter is gradually formed. In addition, the brittle hard layer of γ-phase brass is more severely broken in the radial direction due to cold forming, and the thickness of the blocky particles varies more. With such embodiments, while achieving a significant increase in cutting performance in the main cut compared to bare brass wire, such embodiments increasingly lead to short circuits and accidental discharges in the trim cut. Not only does this lead to reduced cutting performance, but it can also damage the surface quality of the part.

或者,在對線材進行擴散退火之前,可以先在塗層之後進行中間拉伸。舉例而言,作為替代方案,可以0.02~0.15mm之直徑範圍生產本案的線狀電極。 Alternatively, intermediate drawing can be performed after coating before diffusion annealing the wire. For example, as an alternative, the wire electrodes of this application can be produced with a diameter ranging from 0.02 to 0.15 mm.

綜上所述,根據本發明的線狀電極可以以很少的製造成本製造。特別是對於芯材,選擇含有37-40%鋅的銅鋅合金,則鋅層的必要厚度僅為最終直徑的0.6-1.6%。舉例而言,在最終直徑為0.25mm的情況下,所需的鋅層厚度為1.5-4μm。這使得鋅塗層允許相對高的通過速度。此外,前述之鋅層必要厚度範圍亦使得擴散 退火的處理時間較短。最後,由於覆蓋程度大於20%且小於50%,故與現有技術的線狀電極相比可降低拉伸工具的磨損。 To sum up, the wire-shaped electrodes according to the present invention can be manufactured with little manufacturing cost. Especially for the core material, choose a copper-zinc alloy containing 37-40% zinc, then the necessary thickness of the zinc layer is only 0.6-1.6% of the final diameter. For example, in the case of a final diameter of 0.25 mm, the required thickness of the zinc layer is 1.5-4 μm. This enables the zinc coating to allow relatively high throughput speeds. In addition, the necessary thickness range of the aforementioned zinc layer also makes the diffusion The processing time for annealing is shorter. Finally, since the degree of coverage is greater than 20% and less than 50%, the wear of the stretching tool can be reduced compared to prior art wire electrodes.

[較佳實施例] [preferred embodiment]

從線材橫截面來看,塊狀顆粒於垂直或平行於線材縱軸(也稱為“線材縱軸”或“線材軸”)的部分佔75%以上,塊狀顆粒表面積的大於90%的部分較佳為包含鋅含量為58.5-67質量%的銅-鋅合金。更優選地,塊狀顆粒實質上完全由鋅成分為58.5-67質量%的銅-鋅合金所組成。關於在相鄰線材的邊界處形成具有較低鋅成分的銅-鋅合金的“接縫”,請參考上述已揭露之內容。 From the perspective of the cross section of the wire, the part of the blocky particles perpendicular to or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wire (also known as the "longitudinal axis of the wire" or "the axis of the wire") accounts for more than 75%, and the part of the surface area of the blocky particles is greater than 90%. A copper-zinc alloy containing 58.5-67% by mass of zinc is preferred. More preferably, the massive particles are substantially entirely composed of a copper-zinc alloy with a zinc content of 58.5-67% by mass. Regarding the formation of "seams" of copper-zinc alloys with a lower zinc content at the boundaries of adjacent wires, reference is made to the disclosure above.

在垂直於線材表面的視圖中,如上所定義,由塊狀顆粒形成的表面比例(即覆蓋度)較佳為大於線狀電極整個表面的30%且小於45%。 In a view perpendicular to the surface of the wire, as defined above, the proportion of the surface formed by the bulk particles (ie coverage) is preferably greater than 30% and less than 45% of the entire surface of the wire electrode.

較佳地,在垂直於線材表面的視圖中,表面積在25-200μm2內的塊狀顆粒佔所有塊狀顆粒表面積的50%以上。 Preferably, in a view perpendicular to the surface of the wire, the massive particles with a surface area within 25-200 μm 2 account for more than 50% of the surface area of all the massive particles.

較佳地,在垂直於線材表面的視圖中,表面積在50-200μm2內的塊狀顆粒佔所有塊狀顆粒表面積的50%以上。 Preferably, in a view perpendicular to the surface of the wire, the massive particles with a surface area within 50-200 μm 2 account for more than 50% of the surface area of all the massive particles.

塊狀顆粒以顯著數量且特別是主要以較佳為五個或更多個顆粒的線形簇排列,於線形簇中,塊狀顆粒之間的間距較佳為小於10μm。 The massive particles are arranged in significant numbers and especially mainly in linear clusters of preferably five or more particles, in which the spacing between the massive particles is preferably less than 10 μm.

如上所述,儘管簇之數量較大,且占主要之部分,但它們仍然以“分散”之方式出現,即幾個線形簇通常不會緊鄰著彼此設置(即在橫向上有間隔,因此垂直與上述定義的線形簇的縱向方向相距小於15μm,較佳為小於10μm)。這在第6圖中線形簇(a)和(b)的 排列中以示例的方式示出。線形簇較佳地包含超過不到其長度的50%的相鄰簇的顆粒,如上所定義。 As mentioned above, although the number of clusters is relatively large and occupies a major part, they still appear in a "scattered" way, that is, several linear clusters are usually not placed next to each other (that is, there are spaces in the horizontal direction, so vertical The distance from the longitudinal direction of the linear clusters as defined above is less than 15 μm, preferably less than 10 μm). This is shown in Figure 6 for the linear clusters (a) and (b) Arrangements are shown by way of example. A linear cluster preferably comprises more than less than 50% of its length of particles of adjacent clusters, as defined above.

線狀簇的主要部分,即大於50%,較佳地與線狀電極的縱軸形成之角度小於40°且更較佳地小於35°。較佳地,超過75%的線形簇與線狀電極的縱軸形成之角度小於45°。 The main part of the linear clusters, ie greater than 50%, preferably forms an angle with the longitudinal axis of the linear electrode of less than 40° and more preferably less than 35°. Preferably, more than 75% of the linear clusters form an angle smaller than 45° with the longitudinal axis of the linear electrode.

在垂直或平行於線縱軸的線橫截面中觀察,較佳地超過75%並且更較佳地超過90%的塊狀顆粒具有大於線狀電極的總直徑的0.8%和小於該線狀電極的總直徑的2%的厚度,在徑向方向上測量不超過線狀電極總直徑的2%。 Preferably more than 75% and more preferably more than 90% of the bulk particles have a diameter greater than 0.8% and less than the total diameter of the wire electrode, viewed in a wire cross-section perpendicular or parallel to the wire longitudinal axis A thickness of 2% of the overall diameter of the wire electrode measured in the radial direction does not exceed 2% of the overall diameter of the wire electrode.

根據本發明的線狀電極具有較佳由合金CuZn37或CuZn40構成的線芯。 The wire electrode according to the invention has a wire core which preferably consists of the alloy CuZn 37 or CuZn 40 .

本發明的線狀電極的結構和組成可由例如通過掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)研究和能量色散X射線光譜(EDX)而得知,為此,需觀察線狀電極的表面和橫截面拋光。例如,透過所謂的離子束斜面切割方法,可以實現線截面拋光的製造。其中線材被屏蔽覆蓋並用Ar+離子照射,其中材料從線材的突出超過屏蔽的部分被離子去除。通過這種方法,可以製備沒有機械變形的樣品。通過這種製備方法,可以保留本發明的線狀電極的覆蓋層的結構。本發明的線狀電極的覆蓋層的結構可由SEM圖像表示。通過點、線和面EDX分析,可確定本發明的線狀電極之組成。 The structure and composition of the wire electrodes of the invention can be known, for example, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), for which the surface and cross-sectional polishing of the wire electrodes is observed. For example, wire section polishing can be achieved by the so-called ion beam bevel cutting method. where the wire is covered with a shield and irradiated with Ar + ions, where material is removed by the ions from the portion of the wire that protrudes beyond the shield. By this method, samples without mechanical deformation can be prepared. By this preparation method, the structure of the covering layer of the wire-shaped electrode of the present invention can be preserved. The structure of the covering layer of the linear electrode of the present invention can be represented by a SEM image. The composition of the wire electrodes of the present invention can be determined by point, line and area EDX analysis.

如下請參照附圖以更詳細地解釋本發明。 Please refer to the accompanying drawings to explain the present invention in more detail as follows.

第1圖中以橫截面示出的線狀電極1具有芯部2,其被覆蓋層圍繞。於本實施例中,芯部2完全或實質上由銅或具有較佳為20至40%的鋅含量的銅-鋅合金均勻地形成。覆蓋層由塊狀顆粒3 形成,塊狀顆粒3在空間上彼此分開或與芯部2的材料(例如通過裂縫(未示出))在空間上分開。 The wire electrode 1 shown in cross-section in FIG. 1 has a core 2 which is surrounded by a covering layer. In this embodiment, the core 2 is completely or substantially uniformly formed of copper or a copper-zinc alloy having a zinc content of preferably 20 to 40%. Overlay consists of lumpy particles3 Formed, the agglomerate particles 3 are spatially separated from each other or from the material of the core 2 (for example by cracks (not shown)).

第2圖在垂直於縱軸的橫截面中示出了根據第1圖具有芯部和塊狀顆粒的線狀電極的外周緣切口的光學顯微照片。塊狀或塊狀顆粒(深灰色區域)的更精確形狀以及它們在其圓周的一部分或整個圓周上(在此橫截面中觀察)彼此分離或從核心的相鄰材料(淺灰色區域)可以識別出裂縫(黑色區域)。 FIG. 2 shows an optical micrograph of a peripheral cutout of a wire electrode according to FIG. 1 with a core and bulk particles in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The more precise shape of lumpy or blocky particles (dark gray area) and their separation from each other over part or the entire circumference of their circumference (viewed in this cross-section) or identifiable from adjacent material of the core (light gray area) Cracks (black areas).

第3圖在垂直於縱軸的橫截面中示出了根據圖1具有芯部2和塊狀顆粒3的線狀電極的外周緣切口。塊狀顆粒在其圓周的一部分上(在此橫截面中觀察)彼此或與芯部的相鄰材料(淺灰色區域)通過裂縫和凹痕或裂縫4分離為可識別的。此外,塊狀顆粒本身包含的裂縫4'為可識別的。 FIG. 3 shows, in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, a peripheral cutout of a wire-shaped electrode according to FIG. 1 with core 2 and bulk particles 3 . Clumpy particles are identifiable separated by fissures and indentations or fissures 4 over part of their circumference (viewed in this cross-section) from each other or from the adjacent material of the core (light gray area). Furthermore, cracks 4' contained in the bulk particles themselves are identifiable.

第4圖示出了根據本發明的線狀電極表面放大500倍的光學顯微鏡照片。覆蓋層的塊狀顆粒(深灰色區域)以及裂縫和凹痕或間隙(黑色區域)為可識別的。 Fig. 4 shows a 500 times magnified optical micrograph of the surface of the linear electrode according to the present invention. Blocky grains of overburden (dark gray areas) as well as cracks and dents or gaps (black areas) are identifiable.

第5圖示出了根據第4圖的線狀電極表面的光學顯微照片。為確認覆蓋程度,此圖繪製尺寸為400 x 50μm且為與線狀電極的中心軸5對稱的矩形參考框6。覆蓋程度可以藉助於例如圖像處理程序基於它們在參考框內的特定顏色計算由塊狀顆粒形成的表面,並將其與參考框的表面積之關係來確認。參考框內的單個塊狀顆粒的表面積同樣可以透過例如圖像處理程序計算。 FIG. 5 shows an optical micrograph of the surface of the wire electrode according to FIG. 4 . To confirm the degree of coverage, this figure draws a rectangular reference frame 6 with a size of 400 x 50 μm and symmetrical to the central axis 5 of the wire electrode. The degree of coverage can be confirmed by means of, for example, an image processing program calculating the surface formed by the bulk particles based on their specific color within the reference frame and relating this to the surface area of the reference frame. The surface area of individual bulk particles within the reference frame can also be calculated, for example, by image processing programs.

第6圖同樣示出了根據第4圖的線狀電極的表面的光學顯微照片。四個或更多個塊狀顆粒的線形簇7如虛線所標記。線狀電極 的中心軸線5同樣以虛線標記,很明顯地,線形簇與線狀電極的縱軸形成之角度小於45°。 FIG. 6 likewise shows an optical micrograph of the surface of the wire electrode according to FIG. 4 . Linear clusters 7 of four or more massive particles are marked by dotted lines. Wire electrode The central axis 5 of is also marked with a dotted line, and it is obvious that the angle formed by the linear clusters and the longitudinal axis of the linear electrode is less than 45°.

第7圖示出了根據現有技術之對比樣品V2的線狀電極的表面的光學顯微鏡照片,其放大率為500倍。 Fig. 7 shows an optical micrograph of the surface of the linear electrode of the comparative sample V2 according to the prior art at a magnification of 500 times.

第8圖示出了根據現有技術之對比樣品V3的線狀電極的表面的光學顯微鏡照片,其放大率為500倍。 Fig. 8 shows an optical micrograph of the surface of the linear electrode of the comparative sample V3 according to the prior art at a magnification of 500 times.

[實驗範例] [Experimental example]

以下本發明之兩個實施例與現有技術之不同的線狀電極進行比較以解釋本發明線狀電極之優點。線材範例的製造按照以下所示的順序進行: The following two embodiments of the present invention are compared with different linear electrodes of the prior art to explain the advantages of the linear electrodes of the present invention. Fabrication of a wire instance proceeds in the sequence shown below:

比較例V1: Comparative Example V1:

原始線材:CuZn40,d=1.20毫米 Raw wire: CuZn 40 , d=1.20mm

拉伸至d=0.25毫米並進行去應力退火 Stretched to d=0.25mm and stress relief annealed

比較例V2: Comparative example V2:

原始線材:CuZn37,d=1.20毫米 Raw wire: CuZn 37 , d=1.20mm

1.5μm鋅的電沉積 Electrodeposition of 1.5 μm zinc

在罩式爐中以180℃,9小時之環境大氣下進行擴散退火 Diffusion annealing in bell furnace at 180°C for 9 hours in ambient atmosphere

拉伸至d=0.25毫米並進行去應力退火 Stretched to d=0.25mm and stress relief annealed

比較例V3: Comparative example V3:

原始線材:CuZn40,d=1.20毫米 Raw wire: CuZn 40 , d=1.20mm

7μm鋅的電沉積 Electrodeposition of 7μm zinc

在罩式爐中以180℃,9小時之環境大氣下進行擴散退火 Diffusion annealing in bell furnace at 180°C for 9 hours in ambient atmosphere

拉伸至d=0.25毫米並進行去應力退火 Stretched to d=0.25mm and stress relief annealed

本案實施例E1: Example E1 of this case:

原始線材:CuZn37,d=1.20毫米 Raw wire: CuZn 37 , d=1.20mm

3μm鋅的電沉積 Electrodeposition of 3 μm zinc

在罩式爐中以180℃,9小時之環境大氣下進行擴散退火 Diffusion annealing in bell furnace at 180°C for 9 hours in ambient atmosphere

拉伸至d=0.25毫米並進行去應力退火 Stretched to d=0.25mm and stress relief annealed

本案實施例E2: Example E2 of this case:

原始線材:CuZn40,d=1.20毫米 Raw wire: CuZn 40 , d=1.20mm

2μm鋅的電沉積 Electrodeposition of 2 μm zinc

在罩式爐中以180℃,9小時之環境大氣下進行擴散退火 Diffusion annealing in bell furnace at 180°C for 9 hours in ambient atmosphere

拉伸至d=0.25毫米並進行去應力退火 Stretched to d=0.25mm and stress relief annealed

如下所示之表1顯示了在主切割中進行電火花沖蝕加工的情況以及在主切割和3次修整切割的加工情況下,每個線狀電極所獲得的相對切割性能。電火花沖蝕加工是在市售的線材沖蝕系統上進行,並以去離子水作為電介質。60毫米高的X155CrVMo12-1型硬化冷加工鋼工件被加工而成,且選擇邊長為10毫米的正方形作為切割輪廓。選擇一種在機器側使用CuZn40成分的黃銅裸線技術作為加工技術。 Table 1 shown below shows the relative cutting performance obtained for each wire electrode in the case of EDM in the main cut and in the case of the main cut and 3 trim cuts. EDM was performed on a commercially available wire erosion system using deionized water as the dielectric. 60 mm high X155CrVMo12-1 type hardened cold-worked steel workpieces were machined, and a square with a side length of 10 mm was selected as the cutting profile. A brass bare wire technology with CuZn 40 composition on the machine side was chosen as the processing technology.

Figure 110133855-A0305-02-0020-1
Figure 110133855-A0305-02-0020-1

比較例V1在主切割之切割性能以及在主切割和3個修整切割中的切割性能都設置為100%。 Comparative Example V1 is set to 100% in both the cutting performance of the main cutting and the cutting performance in the main cutting and the 3 trimming cuts.

比較例V2具有由塊狀顆粒所組成的覆蓋層,這些塊狀顆粒的鋅含量為60-63質量%,且主要由γ黃銅組成,其覆蓋率約為35%。在垂直於線材表面的視圖中,塊狀顆粒的表面積都在25-250μm2的範圍內,總比例約為所有塊狀顆粒表面積的45%(見第7圖)。於此比較例中,超過三分之二的塊狀顆粒,在線材橫截面上沿徑向測量的厚度的最終直徑係低於0.8%的最終直徑。與比較例V1相比,比較例V2之切割性能分別提高了1%和4%。 Comparative Example V2 has a covering layer composed of massive particles having a zinc content of 60-63% by mass and mainly composed of gamma brass with a covering rate of about 35%. In a view perpendicular to the wire surface, the surface areas of the massive particles are all in the range of 25–250 μm 2 , and the total proportion is about 45% of the surface area of all the massive particles (see Fig. 7). In this comparative example, more than two thirds of the agglomerated particles had a final diameter of less than 0.8% of the final diameter of the thickness measured radially across the wire cross-section. Compared with Comparative Example V1, the cutting performance of Comparative Example V2 was improved by 1% and 4%, respectively.

比較例V3同樣具有由塊狀顆粒所組成的覆蓋層。這些塊狀顆粒的鋅含量為60-63質量%,且主要由γ黃銅組成,其覆蓋率約為60%。在垂直於線材表面的視圖中,塊狀顆粒的表面積都在25-250μm2的範圍內,總比例約為所有塊狀顆粒表面積的45%(見第8圖)。表面積超過250μm2且在線材橫截面上沿徑向測量的厚度超過最終直徑2%的塊狀顆粒越來越多,且塊狀顆粒的厚度變化量更大。與比較例V1相比,比較例V3之切割性能分別提高了5%和3%。 Comparative example V3 also has a coating layer consisting of lumpy particles. These massive grains have a zinc content of 60-63% by mass and are mainly composed of gamma brass with a coverage of about 60%. In a view perpendicular to the wire surface, the surface areas of the massive particles are all in the range of 25–250 μm 2 , and the total proportion is about 45% of the surface area of all the massive particles (see Fig. 8). There are more and more lumpy particles with a surface area exceeding 250 μm2 and a thickness measured radially on the cross-section of the wire that exceeds 2% of the final diameter, and the thickness variation of the lumpy particles is greater. Compared with Comparative Example V1, the cutting performance of Comparative Example V3 was improved by 5% and 3%, respectively.

本案實施例E1具有由塊狀顆粒所組成的覆蓋層,塊狀顆粒至少在其圓周的一部分上透過裂縫和凹痕(間隙)彼此或與線芯材料在空間上分離,塊狀顆粒的鋅含量為60-63質量%,且主要由γ黃銅組成,其覆蓋率約為40%。在垂直於線材表面的視圖中,塊狀顆粒的表面積在25-250μm2的範圍內,總比例約為所有塊狀顆粒表面積的90%。在垂直於線材表面的視圖中,塊狀顆粒主要以四個或更多個顆粒的線形簇排列。在這些簇中,顆粒之間的間距小於15μm。超過50%的線狀簇與線狀電極的縱軸係形成之角度小於40°。在80%的塊狀顆粒的情況下,沿線截面徑向測量的厚度 約在3-4.5μm的範圍內,即線徑的1.2-1.8%。與比較例V1相比,本案實施例E1之切割性能分別提高了5%和11%。 Example E1 of this case has a covering layer composed of massive particles, which are spatially separated from each other or from the core material through cracks and indentations (gaps) on at least a part of their circumference, and the zinc content of the massive particles It is 60-63% by mass, and is mainly composed of γ-brass, and its coverage is about 40%. In the view perpendicular to the wire surface, the surface area of the bulk particles is in the range of 25–250 μm 2 , and the total proportion is about 90% of the surface area of all the bulk particles. In a view perpendicular to the wire surface, the massive grains are mainly arranged in linear clusters of four or more grains. In these clusters, the spacing between particles is less than 15 μm. More than 50% of the linear clusters form an angle of less than 40° with the longitudinal axis of the linear electrode. In the case of 80% blocky particles, the thickness measured radially along the wire cross-section is in the range of about 3-4.5 μm, ie 1.2-1.8% of the wire diameter. Compared with the comparative example V1, the cutting performance of the embodiment E1 of the present case was improved by 5% and 11% respectively.

本案實施例E2具有由塊狀顆粒所組成的覆蓋層,塊狀顆粒至少在其圓周的一部分上透過裂縫和凹痕(間隙)彼此或與線芯材料在空間上分離,塊狀顆粒的鋅含量為60-64質量%,且主要由γ黃銅組成,其覆蓋率約為45%。在垂直於線材表面的視圖中,塊狀顆粒的表面積在25-250μm2的範圍內,總比例約為所有塊狀顆粒表面積的85%。在垂直於線材表面的視圖中,塊狀顆粒主要以四個或更多個顆粒的線形簇排列。在這些簇中,顆粒之間的間距小於15μm。超過50%的線狀簇與線狀電極的縱軸係形成之角度小於40°。在80%的塊狀顆粒的情況下,沿線截面徑向測量的厚度約在3.5-4.5μm的範圍內,即線徑的1.2-1.8%。與比較例V1相比,本案實施例E2之切割性能分別提高了5%和12%。 Example E2 of this case has a covering layer composed of massive particles, which are spatially separated from each other or from the core material through cracks and indentations (gaps) on at least a part of their circumference, and the zinc content of the massive particles It is 60-64% by mass, and is mainly composed of γ-brass, and its coverage is about 45%. In a view perpendicular to the wire surface, the surface area of the bulk particles is in the range of 25–250 μm 2 , and the total proportion is about 85% of the surface area of all the bulk particles. In a view perpendicular to the wire surface, the massive grains are mainly arranged in linear clusters of four or more grains. In these clusters, the spacing between particles is less than 15 μm. More than 50% of the linear clusters form an angle of less than 40° with the longitudinal axis of the linear electrode. In the case of 80% blocky particles, the thickness measured radially along the wire cross-section is in the range of about 3.5-4.5 μm, ie 1.2-1.8% of the wire diameter. Compared with Comparative Example V1, the cutting performance of Example E2 of this case was improved by 5% and 12% respectively.

為了評估精確加工的適用性,對比較例V1和V3以及本案之實施例E1和E2進行具有主切割和7個修整切割的電火花沖蝕加工。電火花沖蝕加工是在市售的線沖蝕系統上進行,並以去離子水作為電介質。50毫米高的X155CrVMo12-1型硬化冷加工鋼工件被加工而成,且選擇邊長為10毫米的正方形作為切割輪廓。機械加工技術選擇鍍鋅黃銅線的機器側技術作為加工技術。粗糙度輪廓的算術平均偏差Ra的目標值為0.13μm。被沖蝕的印章形部件之粗糙度測量係透過觸針儀器進行,測量方向垂直於線材運行方向,凹槽形成的評估係用肉眼定性進行。輪廓偏差的測量透過組件上2個軸和3個不同高度(頂部、中部、底部)的千分尺螺紋量規進行。結果如表2所示。 In order to evaluate the suitability for precise machining, EDM with a main cut and 7 trim cuts was performed on Comparative Examples V1 and V3 and Examples E1 and E2 of the present case. EDM was performed on a commercially available wire erosion system with deionized water as the dielectric. 50 mm high X155CrVMo12-1 type hardened cold-worked steel workpieces were machined, and a square with a side length of 10 mm was selected as the cutting profile. Machining Technology The machine-side technology of galvanized brass wire was chosen as the processing technology. The target value of the arithmetic mean deviation Ra of the roughness profile is 0.13 μm. The roughness measurement of the etched stamp-shaped part is carried out by means of a stylus instrument, the measurement direction is perpendicular to the wire running direction, and the evaluation of groove formation is carried out qualitatively with the naked eye. The measurement of the profile deviation is carried out with micrometer thread gauges on 2 axes and 3 different heights (top, middle, bottom) on the assembly. The results are shown in Table 2.

比較例V1的Ra值為0.19μm,組件的視覺評估顯示出強烈的凹槽形成,其通常是因為沒有含鋅塗層。比較例V3的Ra值為0.23μm,組件的視覺評估同樣顯示出強烈的凹槽形成,輪廓偏差為5μm,其可以透過與本案實施例E1和E2相比而言,具有更大厚度的塊狀顆粒以及塊狀顆粒具有更強烈變化的厚度來解釋。利用本案之實施例E1及E2,實現了Ra值為0.13μm的表面粗糙度,其僅略微偏離目標值,且凹槽的形成較小。兩種實施例之輪廓偏差均為3μm,因此與比較例V1之水準相同。 Comparative Example V1 had an Ra value of 0.19 μm, and visual evaluation of the assembly showed strong groove formation, which is usually due to the absence of a zinc-containing coating. Comparative example V3 had an Ra value of 0.23 μm, and visual evaluation of the component also showed strong groove formation with a profile deviation of 5 μm, which can be seen through blocks with greater thickness compared to examples E1 and E2 of this case. Granules as well as massive grains are explained by more strongly varying thicknesses. Using Examples E1 and E2 of this case, a surface roughness of Ra value of 0.13 μm was achieved, which was only slightly deviated from the target value, and the formation of grooves was small. The profile deviations of the two examples are both 3 μm, so they are at the same level as Comparative Example V1.

Figure 110133855-A0305-02-0023-2
Figure 110133855-A0305-02-0023-2

須注意,上述僅是為說明本案而提出之較佳實施例,本案不限於所述之實施例,本案之範圍由如附專利申請範圍決定。且本案得由熟習此技術之人士任施匠思而為諸般修飾,然皆不脫如附專利申請範圍所欲保護者。 It should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment proposed to illustrate this case, and this case is not limited to the described embodiment, and the scope of this case is determined by the scope of the attached patent application. In addition, this case can be modified in various ways by people who are familiar with this technology, but it does not break away from the desired protection of the scope of the attached patent application.

2:芯部 2: Core

3:塊狀顆粒 3: Blocky particles

4:裂縫(圍繞於塊狀顆粒之裂縫) 4: Cracks (cracks surrounding massive particles)

4':裂縫(塊狀顆粒內部之裂縫) 4': Cracks (cracks inside massive particles)

Claims (14)

一種用於電火花沖蝕切割的線狀電極,包含:一芯部,其中該芯部包含金屬或金屬合金;以及一覆蓋層,其中該覆蓋層圍繞該芯部,該覆蓋層包含形態對應於多個塊狀顆粒的一區域,該區域在該區域之一圓周的至少一部分上通過一裂縫與彼此和/或一芯材料在空間上分開,在垂直或平行於一線縱軸的線材橫截面中,含有鋅成分為58.5-67質量%的銅鋅合金佔該些塊狀顆粒之該區域之表面積50%以上,其中,由該些塊狀顆粒形成的一表面佔該線狀電極的整個表面的比例為20%以上且小於50%,表面積在25-250μm2內之該些塊狀顆粒佔所有該些塊狀顆粒的表面積的50%以上。 A wire electrode for electric spark erosion cutting, comprising: a core, wherein the core comprises a metal or a metal alloy; and a covering, wherein the covering surrounds the core, the covering comprises a form corresponding to A region of a plurality of agglomerated particles spatially separated from each other and/or from a core material by a slit over at least part of the circumference of one of the regions, in a wire cross-section perpendicular or parallel to the longitudinal axis of a line A copper-zinc alloy containing 58.5-67% by mass of zinc accounts for more than 50% of the surface area of the region of the massive particles, wherein a surface formed by the massive particles accounts for 50% of the entire surface of the wire-shaped electrode The ratio is more than 20% and less than 50%, and the massive particles with a surface area within 25-250 μm 2 account for more than 50% of the surface area of all the massive particles. 如請求項1之線狀電極,其中佔該些塊狀顆粒之該區域之表面積90%以上的部分為含有鋅成分為58.5-67質量%的銅鋅合金。 The wire-shaped electrode according to claim 1, wherein the portion of the bulk particles that accounts for more than 90% of the surface area of the region is a copper-zinc alloy containing 58.5-67% by mass of zinc. 如請求項1之線狀電極,其中由該些塊狀顆粒形成的該表面佔該線狀電極的該整個表面的比例為30%以上且小於45%。 The wire-shaped electrode according to claim 1, wherein the surface formed by the bulk particles accounts for more than 30% and less than 45% of the entire surface of the wire-shaped electrode. 如請求項1-3中任一項之線狀電極,其中,該些塊狀顆粒表面積在25-200μm2範圍內,佔所有該些塊狀顆粒的表面積的50%以上。 The wire-shaped electrode according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the surface area of the bulk particles is in the range of 25-200 μm 2 , accounting for more than 50% of the surface area of all the bulk particles. 如請求項1-3中任一項之線狀電極,其中該些塊狀顆粒以四個或更多個塊狀顆粒之線形簇排列,於該線形簇中,該些塊狀顆粒之間的間距小於15μm。 The linear electrode according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the massive particles are arranged in linear clusters of four or more massive particles, and in the linear clusters, the gap between the massive particles The pitch is less than 15 μm. 如請求項5之線狀電極,其中於該線形簇中,該些塊狀顆粒之間的間距小於10μm。 The wire-shaped electrode according to claim 5, wherein in the wire-shaped cluster, the distance between the bulk particles is less than 10 μm. 如請求項5之線狀電極,其中該線形簇中之一部分與該線狀電極的該線縱軸形成之角度小於45°。 The wire-shaped electrode according to claim 5, wherein an angle formed between a part of the wire-shaped cluster and the wire longitudinal axis of the wire-shaped electrode is less than 45°. 如請求項5之線狀電極,其中該線形簇中之一部分與該線狀電極的該線縱軸形成之角度小於40°。 The wire-shaped electrode according to claim 5, wherein an angle formed between a part of the wire-shaped cluster and the wire longitudinal axis of the wire-shaped electrode is less than 40°. 如請求項1之線狀電極,其中在垂直或平行於該線縱軸的線橫截面中,超過三分之二的該些塊狀顆粒的厚度在徑向上測量為大於該線狀電極的總直徑的0.8%且小於該線狀電極的總直徑的2%。 The wire electrode according to claim 1, wherein in a wire cross-section perpendicular or parallel to the wire longitudinal axis, the thickness of more than two-thirds of the bulk particles measured in the radial direction is greater than the total thickness of the wire electrode. 0.8% of the diameter and less than 2% of the total diameter of the wire electrode. 如請求項9之線狀電極,其中超過75%的該些塊狀顆粒的厚度在徑向上測量為大於該線狀電極的總直徑的0.8%且小於該線狀電極的總直徑的2%。 The wire-shaped electrode according to claim 9, wherein the thickness of more than 75% of the bulk particles measured in the radial direction is greater than 0.8% of the total diameter of the wire-shaped electrode and less than 2% of the total diameter of the wire-shaped electrode. 如請求項1之線狀電極,其中該金屬為銅,該金屬合金為銅鋅合金。 The wire electrode according to claim 1, wherein the metal is copper, and the metal alloy is copper-zinc alloy. 如請求項1之線狀電極,其中該芯部由銅或銅之比例為20-40質量%之銅鋅合金所組成。 The wire electrode according to claim 1, wherein the core is made of copper or a copper-zinc alloy with a copper ratio of 20-40% by mass. 如請求項1之線狀電極,其中該芯部由CuZn37或CuZn40所組成。 The linear electrode according to claim 1, wherein the core is composed of CuZn 37 or CuZn 40 . 如請求項1之線狀電極,其中該些塊狀顆粒的該區域具有一內部裂縫。 The wire-shaped electrode according to claim 1, wherein the region of the bulk particles has an internal crack.
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