TWI611836B - 觸媒支撐物及其製備方法 - Google Patents
觸媒支撐物及其製備方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI611836B TWI611836B TW102103248A TW102103248A TWI611836B TW I611836 B TWI611836 B TW I611836B TW 102103248 A TW102103248 A TW 102103248A TW 102103248 A TW102103248 A TW 102103248A TW I611836 B TWI611836 B TW I611836B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- titanium dioxide
- alumina
- support
- catalyst
- pore volume
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 196
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);titanium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000348 titanium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 claims 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- JEGSVFUREJDEAP-UHFFFAOYSA-L aluminum;titanium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Ti+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JEGSVFUREJDEAP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011275 tar sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000349 titanium oxysulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005260 alpha ray Effects 0.000 description 1
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L molybdic acid Chemical compound O[Mo](O)(=O)=O VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B titanium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- CENHPXAQKISCGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxathietane 4,4-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OOO1 CENHPXAQKISCGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/10—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/652—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/185—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
- B01J27/19—Molybdenum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/635—0.5-1.0 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/638—Pore volume more than 1.0 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/647—2-50 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/651—50-500 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/653—500-1000 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0205—Impregnation in several steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1033—Oil well production fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1077—Vacuum residues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/202—Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
Abstract
一種觸媒支撐物、經支撐的觸媒、及該觸媒之製備及使用於含金屬重油原料之去金屬化的方法。該觸媒支撐物包含氧化鋁及5重量%或較少的二氧化鈦。從該支撐物製備的觸媒具有其孔洞體積的至少30至80體積百分比具有直徑在200至500埃間之孔洞。根據本發明之觸媒具有改良的催化活性及穩定性,以在氫化轉化方法期間從重質原料移除金屬。該觸媒亦具有增加的硫及MCR轉換。
Description
本申請案係與隨函同時提出的臨時專利申請案美國序號(代理人檔案編號W9920-01)相關。
本發明係關於一種含液體烴之進料流的催化氫化處理。特別是,本發明係關於一種觸媒載體、使用該載體製備的觸媒組成物、該觸媒組成物的製備方法及使用前述提及的觸媒組成物減低烴重質原料之金屬含量的方法。
在石油提煉工業中,經常有用的是藉由氫化處理來提高某些油及餾分,如重質油及殘油的品級。此氫化處理方法的實施例有氫化去金屬化、氫化脫硫及氫化脫氮。在這些方法中,讓原料在提高的壓力及溫度下,於氫存在下與氫化轉化觸媒接觸。由於由生態規章所強加的嚴格需求,提煉工業已漸漸變成更集中在製造出具有高品質及最少污染物諸如硫、氮及重金屬含量之較乾淨的燃料上。
在氫化處理方法中所使用的觸媒通常包含
來自週期表第6、9及10族之催化活性金屬且典型地被支撐在氧化鋁上,其中該氧化鋁可與其它無機耐火性材料諸如二氧化矽、氧化鎂、二氧化鈦、氧化鋯及其類似物結合。亦已使用二級促進劑或添加劑諸如鹵素、磷及硼來提高催化性質。為了從氫化處理方法達成最大效應,需要對想要的氫化處理反應最佳化觸媒活性及選擇性。觸媒活性及選擇性係由諸如觸媒支撐物的本質及性質、催化劑、促進劑的活性及選擇性和所使用的製備及活化方法之因素來決定及影響。
若該重質原料包含有機金屬化合物時,該氫
化處理和下游觸媒的效率趨向於相當快速地衰退,特別是當該雜質係多於約10至20 ppm金屬諸如溶解的鎳及釩時。這些金屬雜質可說成沈積在這些觸媒的表面上及在孔洞中而減低其效率。金屬雜質問題的一種解決方法曾經是改變該氫化處理觸媒的孔洞結構。但是,關於使用何種孔洞結構之決定無法預測且不容易獲得。在技藝中,關於最理想的孔洞結構更不一致。已討論此不一致的一些專利包括美國專利案號4,066,574、美國專利案號4,113,661及美國專利案號4,341,625。
在提煉工業中,具有低康拉遜殘碳
(Conradson carbon residue)(CCR)之經氫化處理的烴原料亦被高度地令人想要。殘碳係烴形成焦炭的傾向之度量。以重量百分比表示,殘碳可以微殘碳(MCR)來測量。
在經氫化處理的殘餘原料中之MCR含量係一重要參
數,因為該經氫化處理的殘餘物通常作用為至煉焦器或流體化媒裂(FCC)單元之進料。減少在經氫化處理的殘餘物中之MCR含量可減少在煉焦器中所產生的低值焦炭之量及增加在該FCC單元中所產生的汽油量。
為此目的,對發展出較不昂貴及/或更有效在
氫化處理方法期間從烴進料流,特別在重質烴進料流中移除金屬及/或硫污染物之觸媒組成物存在有需求。對在氫化處理方法期間提供好的MCR轉換之經改良的氫化去金屬化及/或氫化脫硫觸媒亦仍然有需求。
本發明係以下列發現為基準:包含5重量%或較少的二氧化鈦之二氧化鈦氧化鋁,以該二氧化鈦氧化鋁的總重量為準,其高溫鍛燒未預期地提供具有獨特的孔洞結構之壓出(extruded)的觸媒支撐物,可從其製備出在氫化處理方法期間具有增加的催化活性及穩定性以移除金屬之經支撐的觸媒。有利的是,本發明之支撐物提供較低成本的經濟利益,因為由彼製備之觸媒組成物通常使用較低催化活性的金屬成分同時可維持高催化性能。
在本發明的態樣中,提供一種具有可區別的
孔洞結構之壓出的二氧化鈦氧化鋁支撐物。本發明之支撐物具有一滿足下列的孔洞尺寸分佈,其藉由汞滲透孔隙度測量法測量:總孔洞體積在範圍約0.7至約1.2立方公分/克內,其中多於40%的總孔洞體積具有孔洞呈直
徑大於200埃,約30%或更多的總孔洞體積具有孔洞在約200埃至約500埃的範圍內,及多於10%的總孔洞體積具有孔洞直徑大於1000埃。
本發明亦提供一種壓出的二氧化鈦氧化鋁
支撐物,其包含至少90重量%之二氧化鈦氧化鋁且具有氧化鋁R值約0.4至約1.7,該R值定義為在2θ=32°處之X射線繞射波峰的積分強度與在2θ=46°處之X射線繞射波峰的積分強度間之比率。
在本發明的另一種態樣中提供一種經改良
的氫化處理觸媒,其用以在氫化處理方法期間減少在含金屬重質烴原料中的金屬含量。根據本發明的觸媒係藉由在根據本發明之壓出的支撐物上滲入第6、9及10族的催化活性金屬或前驅物金屬化合物,及選擇性磷化合物而製備。
在本發明的又另一種態樣中提供一種經改
良的氫化處理觸媒,其具有減低在經氫化處理的重質烴餾分中之金屬含量同時同步減低硫含量及微殘碳(MCR)的能力。
本發明亦提供一種製造具有可區別的孔洞尺寸分佈之壓出的二氧化鈦氧化鋁支撐物之方法。
本發明的另一種態樣提供一種製造包含壓出的二氧化鈦氧化鋁支撐物之觸媒組成物的方法,該支撐物包含至少90重量%之二氧化鈦氧化鋁且具有約0.4至約1.7的氧化鋁R值並包含5重量%或較少的二氧化鈦,以該二氧化鈦氧化鋁的總重量為基準。
在本發明的更另一種態樣中,提供一種使用
根據本發明之經支撐的觸媒組成物及方法之經改良的氫化處理方法。
下列更詳細地描述出本發明的這些及其它
態樣。
本發明提供一種包含週期表第6、9及10族金屬之催化活性金屬或前驅物金屬化合物,及選擇性磷化合物的觸媒組成物,其係支撐在壓出的二氧化鈦氧化鋁支撐物上。在本發明的一個具體實例中,使用來製備本發明之觸媒的支撐材料包括包含5重量%或較少的二氧化鈦之二氧化鈦氧化鋁,以該二氧化鈦氧化鋁組成物的總重量為基準。在本發明的另一個具體實例中,該支撐材料包含少於5重量%的二氧化鈦,以該二氧化鈦氧化鋁組成物之總重量為基準。在本發明的又另一個具體實例中,該支撐材料包含約2.5至約4重量%的二氧化鈦,以該二氧化鈦氧化鋁組成物之總重量為基準。在本發明的更另一個具體實例中,該支撐材料包含約0.3至約1重量%的二氧化鈦,以該二氧化鈦氧化鋁組成物之總重量為基準。
在本發明的較佳具體實例中,使用來製備本
發明之支撐物的二氧化鈦氧化鋁包含至少90重量%具有
-氧化鋁與 -及/或 -氧化鋁之混合物的氧化鋁,如此該二氧化鈦氧化鋁組成物係由範圍約0.40至約1.7的氧化鋁R值反映,較佳約0.6至約1.4。如於本文中所使用,用語”R值”係使用來指示出在2θ=32°處的X射線繞射波峰之積分強度與在2θ=46°處的X射線繞射波峰之積分強度間的比率。R值係藉由如揭示及描述在美國專利5,888,380中的方法測量,其全部內容於此以參考方式併入本文。
該R值可由下式表示:
其中[I(2θ)=32°]及[I(2θ)=46°]各別象徵在X射線繞射光譜的2θ角度於32°及46°處之波峰的積分強度。在本專利說明書中,使用帕奈萊帝扣(PANalytical)X’Pert X射線繞射儀。使用.下列測量條件及裝置:CuK α-射線容器,容器電壓50千伏,容器電流30毫安,雙軸垂直測角器,掃描速率0.867°/分鐘,發射隙縫寬度1°,散射隙縫寬度1°,接收隙縫寬度0.3毫米,2 θ角度4°2θ82°。
顯示出在2θ=46°處的波峰係由於γ-氧化鋁,同時顯示出在2θ=32°處的波峰係由於δ-及/或θ-氧化鋁。在此角度處,後二種氧化鋁型式無法藉由X射線繞射彼此辨別。在2θ=46°及2θ=32°處的二個波峰不重疊,因此可容易地積分來計算積分強度。在計算該積分強度時,不考慮到背景強度,如由熟知技藝之人士所熟知。
在此方面上,要注意的是,該R值應該在上
面無催化活性金屬存在的支撐物上測量。
根據本發明的二氧化鈦氧化鋁支撐物通常
包含至少90重量%如於此描述之二氧化鈦氧化鋁。較佳的是,該支撐材料包含至少95重量%的二氧化鈦氧化鋁,最佳為多於99重量%,該重量百分比係以該支撐物之總重量百分比為基準。因此,該支撐材料可”基本上由”如於此描述之二氧化鈦氧化鋁”組成”。如於本文中所使用,關於該支撐材料之組成物的措辭”基本上由...組成”於本文中使用來指示出該支撐材料可包含二氧化鈦氧化鋁及其它組分,其限制條件為此其它組分不實質上影響最後氫化轉化觸媒組成物的催化性質或對其發生作用。
有利的是,根據本發明之二氧化鈦氧化鋁支
撐物擁有特定的表面積、孔洞體積及孔洞體積分佈性質。除非其它方面於文中有具體指出,否則該二氧化鈦氧化鋁支撐物如於本文中所定義之孔洞體積及孔洞尺寸分佈性質係藉由汞滲透孔隙度測量法測量。該氧化鋁支撐材料的孔洞體積及孔洞尺寸分佈之汞測量係使用能在大氣壓至約4,000巴的壓力範圍、接觸角θ=140°與汞表面張力0.47牛頓/公尺在室溫下之任何合適的汞孔隙計進行。
如於本文中所定義的表面積係藉由BET表
面積分析來測量。測量表面積的BET方法已經由布魯諾爾(Brunauer)、厄米特(Emmett)及特勒(Teller)詳細描述在J.Am.Chem.Soc.60(1938)309-319中,其以參考之方式併入本文。
本發明的二氧化鈦氧化鋁支撐物之表面積
範圍係約50平方公尺/克至約150平方公尺/克。在本發明的較佳具體實例中,該二氧化鈦氧化鋁支撐物之表面積範圍係約90平方公尺/克至約140平方公尺/克。
本發明之二氧化鈦氧化鋁支撐物具有總孔洞體積在範圍約0.7立方公分/克至約1.2立方公分/克。在本發明的一個具體實例中,該支撐物之總孔洞體積範圍係約0.8立方公分/克至約1.0立方公分/克。
本發明之支撐物具有一可區別的孔洞體積分佈,如此通常多於40%之該總孔洞體積具有孔洞呈直徑大於200埃,且約30%或較多的總孔洞體積具有孔洞呈直徑在約200埃至約500埃的範圍內,及多於10%之該總孔洞體積具有孔洞直徑大於1000埃。
在本發明的具體實例中,該支撐物之總孔洞體積的約50%至約90%具有孔洞直徑大於200埃。
在本發明的一個具體實例中,該支撐物之總孔洞體積的約30%至約80%具有孔洞直徑在約200埃至約500埃的範圍內。
在本發明的另一個具體實例中,該支撐物之總孔洞體積的約15%至約60%具有孔洞直徑超過500埃。
在本發明的更另一個具體實例中,該支撐物的總孔洞體積之多於約15重量%具有孔洞直徑大於1000埃。
本發明之二氧化鈦氧化鋁支撐物可藉由任何習知的二氧化鈦氧化鋁支撐物形成方法製備,但是其
限制條件為該最後支撐材料包含具有5重量%或較少的二氧化鈦且具有想要的孔洞結構之二氧化鈦氧化鋁。通常來說,根據本發明之支撐物係藉由下列方式製備:形成包含5重量%或較少的二氧化鈦之可壓出二氧化鈦氧化鋁粉末;選擇性膠溶化該二氧化鈦氧化鋁粉末;壓出該二氧化鈦氧化鋁粉末以形成壓出材料;之後,在溫度範圍約960℃至約1050℃下鍛燒該壓出材料約1小時至約3小時,較佳為980℃至約1040℃,以形成具有如於上述文中所描述的孔洞尺寸分佈之支撐物。
在本發明的一個具體實例中,根據本發明之
二氧化鈦氧化鋁支撐物係藉由共析出水性硫酸氧鋁與一定量足以在共析出的二氧化鈦氧化鋁粉末中提供5重量%或較少的二氧化鈦之硫酸氧鈦來製備。根據此具體實例,混合硫酸氧鋁及硫酸氧鈦與包含鋁酸鈉的水性流,並保持在pH約7.5至約10.0及溫度約50℃至約80℃下,以析出二氧化鈦氧化鋁粉末。過濾析出的粉末,以水清洗及在溫度範圍約100℃至約150℃下乾燥,直到達成該粉末具有水分含量20重量%至40重量%,其藉由水分分析器在955℃下分析。
之後,以膠溶化劑處理該經乾燥的二氧化鈦
氧化鋁粉末來膠溶化該氧化鋁粉末。合適的膠溶化劑包括但不限於強一元酸,諸如硝酸或鹽酸;有機酸,諸如蟻酸、醋酸或丙酸;及水性鹼,諸如氫氧化銨。壓出該經膠溶化的粉末及在溫度範圍約100℃至約150℃下乾燥約10分鐘至約2小時。
之後,在高溫範圍約960℃至1050℃下鍛燒
該經乾燥的壓出物約1小時至約3小時,以獲得具有需要的孔洞結構之最後支撐物。較佳的是,該經乾燥的壓出物係在溫度範圍約980℃至約1040℃下鍛燒,以獲得最後支撐物。
在本發明的另一個具體實例中,本發明之二
氧化鈦氧化鋁支撐物係藉由共研磨或共混合具有想要的R值之析出氧化鋁粉末與二氧化鈦來源以形成包含5重量%或較少的二氧化鈦之二氧化鈦氧化鋁粉末而製備。
有用以製備二氧化鈦氧化鋁粉末之合適的二氧化鈦來源包括但不限於煙燻二氧化鈦、析出二氧化鈦及其類似物。之後,以膠溶化劑例如,硝酸及其類似物選擇性膠溶化該二氧化鈦氧化鋁粉末。然後,壓出所產生的粉末以形成二氧化鈦氧化鋁壓出物。讓該二氧化鈦氧化鋁壓出物在高溫範圍約960℃至約1050℃,較佳約980℃至約1040℃下鍛燒約1小時至約3小時,以提供該最後的觸媒支撐物。
在本發明的更另一個具體實例中,該二氧化
鈦氧化鋁支撐物係藉由讓含鈦化合物的水溶液在量足以於氧化鋁上提供5重量%或較少的二氧化鈦下滲入具有想要的R值之氧化鋁粉末(較佳為析出氧化鋁)來製備。
合適的含鈦化合物包括但不限於硫酸鈦、氯化鈦、磷酸鈦、鈦醇鹽及其類似物。所產生的二氧化鈦氧化鋁在溫度範圍約100℃至約150℃下壓出及乾燥約10分鐘至約2小時。之後,讓該經乾燥的二氧化鈦氧化鋁壓出物在
高溫範圍約960℃至約1050℃,較佳約980℃至約1040℃下鍛燒約1小時至約3小時,以提供該最後的觸媒支撐物。
根據本發明之壓出的支撐物可具有多種幾
何形式,諸如圓柱、環、及對稱及/或不對稱的多波瓣,例如,三或四波瓣。該壓出物的標稱尺寸可變化。該直徑範圍通常係約1至約10毫米,及長度範圍係約1至約30毫米。在本發明的一個具體實例中,該直徑範圍係約1至約2毫米及該長度範圍係約2至約6毫米。如將由熟知觸媒技藝人士所了解,從該支撐物製造的觸媒顆粒將具有與該支撐物類似的尺寸及形狀。
根據本發明的觸媒係藉由讓該二氧化鈦氧
化鋁支撐物與至少一種催化活性金屬或前驅物金屬化合物之水溶液接觸,以在該支撐物上均勻地分佈想要的金屬而製備。較佳的是,該金屬遍及該支撐物的孔洞均勻地分佈。在本發明的較佳具體實例中,該觸媒係藉由臨界沾濕法(incipient wetness),以想要的催化活性金屬或前驅物化合物之水溶液滲入該觸媒支撐物來製備。
製備本發明的觸媒組成物之有用的催化活
性金屬及/或前驅物金屬化合物包括但不限於選自於由週期表第6族、週期表第9族、週期表第10族及其組合所組成之群的金屬或金屬化合物。較佳的第6族金屬包括但不限於鉬及鎢。較佳的第9及10族金屬包括但不限於鈷及鎳。
在本發明的較佳具體實例中,鎳與鉬催化劑
之組合係較佳。在本發明的更佳具體實例中,所產生的觸媒包含Mo濃度在範圍約4至約6重量%及Ni濃度在範圍約0.1至約1重量%,該重量%係以該總觸媒組成物為基準。
第9及10族金屬之合適的前驅物金屬化合
物包括但不限於金屬鹽,諸如硝酸鹽、醋酸鹽及其類似物。第6族化合物之合適的前驅物金屬化合物包括但不限於鉬酸銨、鉬酸、三氧化鉬及其類似物。
考慮到與本發明之支撐物使用的催化活性
金屬,以該金屬之氧化物及/或硫化物形式使用較佳。該催化活性金屬以氧化物形式使用為較佳。
本發明之觸媒組成物亦可包含磷組分。於此
情況中,除了想要的催化活性金屬或前驅物金屬化合物外,該滲入溶液亦可包含磷化合物,例如磷酸、磷酸鹽及其類似物。以該總觸媒組成物為基準,合適於使用在本發明之觸媒中的磷濃度係在範圍約0.1至約1重量%。
在該支撐物以催化活性金屬或前驅物化合
物之水溶液處理後,該觸媒選擇性在溫度範圍約100℃至約200℃下乾燥約10分鐘至約2小時。之後,讓該經乾燥的觸媒在一溫度下鍛燒及一段足以讓該金屬組分或前驅物至少部分,較佳為全部轉換成氧化物形式的時間,即,在範圍約300℃至約600℃下約1小時至約3小時。
如將由熟知此技藝者明瞭,在使用來讓該催
化活性金屬支撐於該觸媒支撐物上之滲入方法上有廣泛
的變化範圍。可施加複數個滲入步驟或該滲入溶液可包含一種以上欲沉積的組分或前驅物,或其一部分。取代滲入技術,可使用浸泡方法、噴灑方法及其類似方法。
在多重滲入、浸泡及其類似方式的情況中,可進行乾燥及/或鍛燒作為在其間之步驟。
根據本發明的觸媒對含金屬重質烴原料在
氫化處理方法期間的氫化去金屬化作用具有增加的催化活性及穩定性。在本發明中有用的重質烴原料可從任何合適的烴來源獲得,包括例如,石油原油及焦油砂烴,諸如,從焦油砂萃取出的重質油。該重質烴原料可係石油原油或焦油砂烴之真空殘油或大氣殘油組分。該重質烴原料亦可包括輕及重質製氣油;和與製氣油,特別是真空製氣油摻合之石油原油、大氣殘油及真空殘油;原油、頁岩油及焦油砂油。
該重質烴原料通常將包括一來自原油或焦
油砂烴物質或其它重質烴來源之烴混合物。該混合物的一部分,較佳為主要部分之重質烴具有沸騰溫度超過約343℃(650℉)。因此,該重質烴原料定義為具有一沸騰範圍,如藉由ASTM測試程序D-1160測量,如此該重質烴原料的至少約20重量%在超過524℃(975℉)的溫度下沸騰。較佳的重質烴原料具有一沸騰範圍,如此至少30重量%在超過524℃(975℉)的溫度下沸騰,及最佳的是,至少40重量%的重質烴原料在超過524℃(975℉)的溫度下沸騰。
該重質烴原料的API比重範圍可係約3至約
20,但是,更特別的是,該API比重係在4至15的範圍內,及更特別的是,4至11。
該重質烴原料可具有康拉遜殘碳含量,如藉
由ASTM測試方法D-189測量超過5重量百分比,及更特別的是,該康拉遜殘碳含量在範圍8重量百分比至30重量百分比內。
如較早提到,包含在該重質烴原料中的金屬
可包括鎳或釩或二者。在重質烴原料中的鎳濃度可超過每百萬重量份10(ppmw)或其可超過30 ppmw。更特別的是,在該重質烴原料中的鎳濃度可在範圍40 ppmw至500 ppmw內。在該重質烴原料中的釩濃度可超過50 ppmw或其可超過100 ppmw。更特別的是,在該重質烴原料中的釩濃度可在範圍150 ppmw至1500 ppmw內。
本發明的觸媒亦在氫化處理方法期間與去
金屬化同步有用地增加硫之移除,其中該欲處理的烴原料包含硫及金屬二者。該進料的硫含量通常多於0.1重量%及時常將多於1重量%。氮含量通常大於500ppm及時常將在範圍500 ppm至4000 ppm。
再者,根據本發明之觸媒在氫化處理方法期
間提供增加的微殘碳(MCR)轉換,如與先前從氧化鋁或氧化鋁二氧化鈦支撐物製備之的去金屬化及/或脫硫觸媒比較,其中該支撐物係在低溫下鍛燒(即,低於960℃)。因此,所獲得之經氫化處理的烴餾分具有減低的MCR含量,如與該起始重質烴原料之MCR含量比較。
使用本發明之觸媒組成物的氫化處理方法
可在氫化處理製程條件下於一裝置中進行,藉此達成該觸媒組成物與該含金屬原料及含自由態氫氣體的親密接觸,以製造一具有減低的金屬例如鎳及釩及選擇性硫程度的含烴產物。根據本發明,該氫化處理方法可使用固定觸媒床進行。該氫化處理方法可以批次方法,或以包含一個以上的固定觸媒床或在複數個呈並列或呈串列之固定床反應器中之連續方法進行。
在本發明中有用的典型氫化處理製程條件
包括但不限於溫度在300°至450℃間,氫壓力在25至200巴間,H2:油比率在150至1500 Nl/l間,及空間速度(小時-1)在0.1至5間。在本發明的一個具體實例中,用於含金屬烴原料脫硫方法之操作條件包括反應區域溫度350℃至400℃,壓力100至200巴,及氫進料速率係每升油進料300至約1000標準升。
為了進一步闡明本發明及其優點,提供下列特定實施例。該等實施例提供作為本發明的特定闡明。但是,應該要了解的是,本發明不想要限制至在實施例中提出的具體細節。
在實施例和專利說明書的剩餘部分中所有指出固體組成物或濃度的份數及百分比皆以重量計,除非其它方面有具體指定。但是,在實施例和專利說明書的剩餘部分中所有指出氣體組成物的份數及百分比皆係莫耳濃度或以體積計,除非其它方面有具體指定。
再者,在專利說明書或申請專利範圍中所敘述的任何數字範圍,諸如其表示出特別的一組性質、測
量單位、條件、物理狀態或百分比,或其它方面,落在此範圍內的任何數字,包括在如此敘述的任何範圍內之任何數字次小組,想要照字面地以參考方式明確地併入本文。
實施例
製備五種觸媒(觸媒A、B、C、D及E)並評估其性能。在實施例中的觸媒之R值如在上文描述中般計算。
實施例1
氧化鋁假軟水鋁石粉末(使用如在美國專利案號US 4,154,812中所揭示及描述的方法製備)係藉由在批次混合器中與硝酸水溶液混合而膠溶化。將該潮溼混合物壓過具有1.3毫米標稱孔洞直徑之釦狀物。該壓出的基礎顆粒在120℃下乾燥,然後在1040℃下鍛燒以提供一具有R值0.75之壓出的基礎材料。
藉由以0.4:1.0:0.3之比率混合水、75%磷酸、三氧化鉬及13%硝酸鎳來製備一滲入溶液。首先加入該水、75%磷酸及三氧化鉬及在90℃下加熱1小時。在加入硝酸鎳以形成最後金屬溶液前,將所產生的溶液冷卻至低於65℃。使用臨界沾濕法,讓此溶液滲入該壓出的基礎。該經滲入的基礎在120℃下乾燥,然後在510℃下鍛燒。所完成的觸媒鑑別為觸媒A,其具有5重量%Mo及0.25重量%Ni之標稱活性金屬含量。該觸媒性質如在下列表1中鑑別。
實施例2
以9:1之比率混合硫酸鋁(7%Al2O3)與硫酸鈦(9%TiO2)之水性流以形成一硫酸鋁-鈦混合物。將水(234加侖)加入至打鑄槽(strike tank)及加熱至63℃,並在該方法的剩餘部分中將該打鑄槽的內容物維持在此溫度下。將六加侖的硫酸鋁-鈦混合物加入至該打鑄槽。然後,將硫酸鋁-鈦混合物及鋁酸鈉流相伴地加入至該打鑄槽。改變鋁酸鈉流速以將該打鑄槽的pH固定維持在8.6。在該硫酸鋁-鈦混合物及鋁酸鈉同步流動開始後50分鐘,停止該硫酸鋁-鈦混合物流。將鋁酸鈉流減低至每分鐘0.7加侖及當在打鑄槽中獲得pH 9.2時關閉。然後,在過濾器傳送帶上過濾及清洗析出的二氧化鈦-氧化鋁混合物,以移除殘餘的硫酸鈉。然後,噴灑乾燥所產生的濾餅。然後,使用經乾燥的二氧化鈦-氧化鋁粉末來製得觸媒支撐物。
該氧化鋁-二氧化鈦粉末(2600克)係藉由在批次混合器中與硝酸水溶液(7克硝酸在2900克水中)混合而膠溶化。將該潮溼混合物壓過具有1.3毫米標稱孔洞直徑的釦狀物。該壓出的基礎顆粒在120℃下乾燥,然後在1040℃下鍛燒以提供一具有R值1.33之壓出的基礎材料。
滲入溶液係藉由混合水(1500克)、75%磷酸(170克)、三氧化鉬(400克)及13%硝酸鎳(100克)而製備。首先加入水、75%磷酸及三氧化鉬並在90℃下加熱1小時。在加入硝酸鎳以形成最後金屬溶液前,將所產生的溶液冷卻低於65℃。使用臨界沾濕法,讓此溶液滲
入該壓出的基礎。該經滲入的基礎在120℃下乾燥,然後在510℃下鍛燒。所完成的觸媒鑑別為觸媒B,其具有3重量%的標稱二氧化鈦含量,及5重量%Mo及0.25重量%Ni的標稱金屬含量。該觸媒性質如在下列表1中鑑別。
實施例3
氧化鋁粉末係如在上述實施例1中所描述般製備。混合氧化鋁粉末(2650克)與煙燻二氧化鈦粉末(100克),且藉由在批次混合器中與硝酸水溶液(10克硝酸在2800克水中)混合而膠溶化。將該潮溼混合物壓過具有1.3毫米標稱孔洞直徑的釦狀物。該壓出的基礎顆粒在120℃下乾燥,然後在1000℃下鍛燒以提供一具有R值0.93之壓出的基礎材料。
滲入溶液係藉由混合水(1500克)、75%磷酸(170克)、三氧化鉬(400克)及13%硝酸鎳(100克)而製備。首先加入水、75%磷酸及三氧化鉬及在90℃下加熱1小時。在加入硝酸鎳以形成最後金屬溶液前,將所產生的溶液冷卻至低於65℃。使用臨界沾濕法,讓此溶液滲入該壓出的基礎。該經滲入的基礎在120℃下乾燥,然後在510℃下鍛燒。所完成的觸媒鑑別為觸媒C,其具有5重量%的標稱二氧化鈦含量,及5重量%Mo及0.25重量%Ni的標稱金屬含量。該觸媒性質如在下列表1中鑑別。
實施例4
如在上述實施例1中所描述般製備經乾燥的
氧化鋁粉末。在批次混合器中混合氧化鋁粉末(2700克)與硝酸水溶液(28克)、硫酸鈦(80克)及水(2550克)。將該潮溼混合物壓過一具有1.3毫米標稱孔洞直徑的釦狀物。讓該壓出的顆粒在120℃下乾燥,然後在1000℃下鍛燒以提供具有R值0.58之壓出的基礎材料。
滲入溶液係藉由混合水(1500克)、75%磷酸(170克)、三氧化鉬(400克)及13%硝酸鎳(100克)而製備。首先加入水、75%磷酸及三氧化鉬並在90℃下加熱1小時。在加入硝酸鎳以形成最後金屬溶液前,讓所產生的溶液冷卻至低於65℃。使用臨界沾濕法,讓此溶液滲入該壓出的基礎。讓該經滲入的基礎在120℃下乾燥,然後在510℃下鍛燒。所完成的觸媒鑑別為觸媒D,其具有5重量%Mo及0.25重量%Ni及0.5重量%二氧化鈦的標稱活性金屬含量。該觸媒性質如在下列表1中鑑別。
實施例5
如在實施例2中所描述般製備一觸媒,觸媒E,除了該基礎係在低溫600℃下鍛燒外。該觸媒的孔洞結構係在本發明之孔洞尺寸分佈的範圍外。觸媒E及如由羅恰(Rocha)等人所揭示的觸媒之觸媒性質係顯示在下列表2中。觸媒E具有R值0.11。
實施例6
在如於此之後所描述的氫化處理方法中測試觸媒A、B、C、D及E。將觸媒丸粒負載在塞流式反應器中。該進料由大氣殘油及氫組成。該殘油具有362 ppm V及71 ppm Ni的金屬含量、硫含量4.6重量%及微殘碳(MCR)含量16.6重量%。該反應器溫度係維持在378℃,及平均每小時空間速度係0.75升/(升‧小時)。
在24小時液份中收集反應產物及分析其金屬、硫及MCR含量。金屬、硫及MCR轉換的比較結果提供在下列表3中。提供在三個不同流時間(time-on-stream,TOS)值(209、401及785小時)處的結果。
如可在上述表3中看見,觸媒B、C及D係以不同量的二氧化鈦促進及具有根據本發明的孔洞結構,其顯示出比不包含二氧化鈦的觸媒A高之金屬轉換。同時,當與使用觸媒A所獲得之硫及MCR轉換比較時,發明觸媒B、C及D的硫及MCR轉換增加。該低溫鍛燒的觸媒E包含3重量%二氧化鈦及具有孔洞結構在本發明之想要的孔洞結構之範圍外。如可在上述表4中看見,觸媒E移除金屬的性能比發明觸媒(觸媒B、C及D)之性能差。再者,雖然觸媒E對硫及MCR之轉換當與發明觸媒B、C及D比較時顯示出初始優異性能,但觸媒E對金屬、硫及MCR之轉換的性能意外地隨著時間明顯地下降,此證明缺乏穩定性。此缺乏穩定性將在含有高金屬含量的重質烴進料之商業提煉中不會被想要。
可在所描述的揭示及所附加的申請專利範圍之範圍內所作的本發明的合理變化、改質及適應並沒有離開本發明之範圍。
Claims (17)
- 一種用以製備多孔支撐材料的方法,其中該支撐材料係用來支撐合適於在氫化處理條件下讓含金屬重質烴餾分氫化去金屬化的催化活性金屬,該方法包括:(a)製備一具有少於5重量%的二氧化鈦之可壓出的二氧化鈦氧化鋁,以該二氧化鈦氧化鋁之總重量為基準;(b)選擇性膠溶化該二氧化鈦氧化鋁;(c)壓出該二氧化鈦氧化鋁以形成二氧化鈦氧化鋁壓出物;及(d)在範圍約960℃至1050℃的溫度下鍛燒該壓出物以獲得一經鍛燒的支撐物,其中該支撐物具有總孔洞體積在範圍每克約0.7至約1.2立方公分,其中多於40%的總孔洞體積具有孔洞直徑大於200埃,約30%或較多的總孔洞體積具有孔洞在約200埃至約500埃的範圍內,及多於10%的總孔洞體積具有孔洞直徑大於1000埃,及其中該支撐物包含具有5重量%或較少的二氧化鈦之二氧化鈦氧化鋁,以該二氧化鈦氧化鋁的總重量為基準;其中該氫化去金屬化之條件係包含在該氫化處理條件下,使該重質烴之進料與經支撐的催化活性金屬接觸,該氫化處理條件包含反應溫度約300℃至450℃,氫氣壓約25至約200巴,H2:油之比率係約150至約1500Nl/l,空間速度約0.1至5小時-1。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該支撐物的二氧化鈦氧化鋁包含至少90重量%具有R值約0.4至約1.7的氧化鋁,其中R值為在2θ=32°處的X射線繞射波峰之積分強度與在2θ=46°處的X射線繞射波峰之積分強度間的比率。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該步驟(a)的氧化鋁-二氧化鈦係藉由下列形成:(i)使用鋁酸鈉而共析出硫酸鋁及硫酸鈦所形成,同時所使用的硫酸鈦量足以提供一包含具有5重量%或較少的二氧化鈦之二氧化鈦氧化鋁的最後支撐物;或(ii)藉由混合氧化鋁與一定量的二氧化鈦所形成,其中該量係足以提供一包含具有5重量%或較少的二氧化鈦之二氧化鈦氧化鋁的支撐物,以該二氧化鈦氧化鋁的總重量為基準;或(iii)藉由浸漬具有鈦化合物的氧化鋁粉末所形成,其中該鈦化合物的量足以提供一包含具有5重量%或較少的二氧化鈦之二氧化鈦氧化鋁的支撐物,以該二氧化鈦氧化鋁的總重量為基準。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該支撐物係在溫度範圍約980℃至約1040℃下鍛燒。
- 一種觸媒支撐物,其包含一具有少於5重量%的二氧化鈦之二氧化鈦氧化鋁,以該總二氧化鈦氧化鋁為基準,該支撐物具有範圍約0.7至約1.2立方公分/克之總孔洞體積,及孔洞體積分佈使得多於40%的總孔洞 體積具有直徑大於200埃的孔洞,約30%或較多的總孔洞體積具有約200埃至約500埃範圍內的孔洞,及多於10%的總孔洞體積具有直徑大於1000埃的孔洞。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之支撐物,其中存在於該二氧化鈦氧化鋁中的二氧化鈦量係範圍約2.5至約4.0重量%的二氧化鈦量,以該二氧化鈦氧化鋁的總重量為基準。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之支撐物,其中該支撐物包含至少90重量%具有氧化鋁R值約0.4至約1.7的二氧化鈦氧化鋁,其中R值為在2θ=32°處的X射線繞射波峰之積分強度與在2θ=46°處的X射線繞射波峰之積分強度間的比率。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之支撐物,其中該支撐物之孔洞體積分布係選自由下列所組成的群組:約50%至約90%的總孔洞體積係具有直徑大於200埃之孔洞、約30%至約80%的總孔洞體積係具有直徑約200至約500埃的孔洞、多於15%的總孔洞體積係具有孔洞直徑大於1000埃的孔洞、及其組合。
- 一種製備觸媒之方法,其中該觸媒係用於在氫化處理方法中使含金屬重質烴餾分之氫化去金屬化具有高活性及穩定性,該方法包括以一包含至少一種催化劑或催化劑前驅物的水溶液來浸漬一多孔壓出支撐物,其中該催化劑或該催化劑前驅物包含:(I)至少一種選自週期表第6族的金屬;及(II)至少一種選自由週期表第9族金屬、週期表第 10族金屬、及其組合所組成之群的金屬;及可選擇包含的磷,該催化劑或催化劑前驅物可熱轉換成金屬氧化物;之後,乾燥及鍛燒所產生之經浸漬的支撐物以提供一經支撐的觸媒,其中該支撐物已藉由如申請專利範圍第3項之方法製備。
- 一種在重質烴之氫化去金屬化中具有改良的活性及穩定性之觸媒,其包含:(a)一包含具有少於5重量%的二氧化鈦之二氧化鈦氧化鋁之壓出的氧化鋁支撐物,以該二氧化鈦氧化鋁的總重量為基準;及(b)一催化劑或催化劑前驅物,其包含一選自於由週期表第6族金屬、週期表第9族金屬、週期表第10族金屬、及其組合所組成之群的金屬;及可選擇包含的磷;其中該支撐物具有表面積範圍約50至約150平方公尺/克,及總孔洞體積在每克約0.7至約1.2立方公分的範圍內,其中多於40%的總孔洞體積具有直徑大於200埃的孔洞,約30%或較多的總孔洞體積具有約200埃至約500埃的範圍內的孔洞,及多於10%的總孔洞體積具有直徑大於1000埃的孔洞。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之觸媒,其中該經鍛燒的支撐物包含二氧化鈦氧化鋁,其包含至少90重量%具有R值約0.4至約1.7的氧化鋁,其中R值為在2θ=32°處的X射線繞射波峰之積分強度與在2θ=46°處的X射 線繞射波峰之積分強度間的比率。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之觸媒,其中該至少一種催化劑或催化劑前驅物包含一選自於由鈷、鎳、鉬、及其組合所組成之群的金屬;及可選擇包含磷。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之觸媒,其中該支撐物的孔洞體積分布係係選自由下列所組成的群組:約50%至約90%的該支撐物的總孔洞體積係具有直徑大於200埃的孔洞、約30%至約80%的總孔洞體積係具有直徑約200至約500埃的孔洞、多於15%的該支撐物的總孔洞體積係具有孔洞直徑大於1000埃的孔洞、及其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之觸媒,其中該支撐物已在溫度範圍約960℃至約1050℃下被鍛燒。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之觸媒,其包含共析出的二氧化鈦氧化鋁。
- 一種用於含金屬、硫、及微殘碳之至少一種的重質烴進料之氫化處理以減少該金屬、硫、及微殘碳之至少一種的含量或移除其至少一種的方法,該方法包括使該重質烴進料與如申請專利範圍第10項之觸媒在氫化處理製程條件下接觸,該條件包含反應溫度範圍約300°至約450℃,氫壓力約25至約200巴,H2:油比率範圍約150至約1500Nl/l,及空間速度約0.1至5小時-1。
- 如申請專利範圍第16項之方法,其中該重質烴進料包括一選自於由鎳、釩及其組合所組成之群的金屬。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261600022P | 2012-02-17 | 2012-02-17 | |
US61/600,022 | 2012-02-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201343249A TW201343249A (zh) | 2013-11-01 |
TWI611836B true TWI611836B (zh) | 2018-01-21 |
Family
ID=48984692
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW102103248A TWI611836B (zh) | 2012-02-17 | 2013-01-29 | 觸媒支撐物及其製備方法 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10584288B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2814602A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6298771B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102133607B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN104411401B (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2864799C (zh) |
SG (1) | SG11201404827WA (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI611836B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2013123166A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA201406208B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI611836B (zh) | 2012-02-17 | 2018-01-21 | Advanced Refining Technologies Llc. | 觸媒支撐物及其製備方法 |
TWI579043B (zh) | 2012-02-17 | 2017-04-21 | 先進精鍊科技有限公司 | 球形觸媒支撐物及其製備方法 |
PE20150186A1 (es) | 2012-08-02 | 2015-02-27 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | Catalizadores |
WO2017120292A1 (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2017-07-13 | Oren Technologies, Llc | Conveyor with integrated dust collector system |
US11788017B2 (en) | 2017-02-12 | 2023-10-17 | Magëmã Technology LLC | Multi-stage process and device for reducing environmental contaminants in heavy marine fuel oil |
US20180230389A1 (en) | 2017-02-12 | 2018-08-16 | Magēmā Technology, LLC | Multi-Stage Process and Device for Reducing Environmental Contaminates in Heavy Marine Fuel Oil |
US10604709B2 (en) | 2017-02-12 | 2020-03-31 | Magēmā Technology LLC | Multi-stage device and process for production of a low sulfur heavy marine fuel oil from distressed heavy fuel oil materials |
US12025435B2 (en) | 2017-02-12 | 2024-07-02 | Magēmã Technology LLC | Multi-stage device and process for production of a low sulfur heavy marine fuel oil |
US12071592B2 (en) | 2017-02-12 | 2024-08-27 | Magēmā Technology LLC | Multi-stage process and device utilizing structured catalyst beds and reactive distillation for the production of a low sulfur heavy marine fuel oil |
CN111282560A (zh) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-16 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 一种焦化蜡油加氢催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
JP2024502614A (ja) * | 2021-01-08 | 2024-01-22 | アドバンスド・リフアイニング・テクノロジーズ・エルエルシー | 高活性水素化処理触媒及びそれを使用するプロセス |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4179408A (en) * | 1977-03-25 | 1979-12-18 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Process for preparing spheroidal alumina particles |
US4440631A (en) * | 1982-06-15 | 1984-04-03 | Chiyoda Chemical Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. | Process for hydrocracking heavy hydrocarbon oils and catalyst therefor |
Family Cites Families (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3401125A (en) | 1964-05-22 | 1968-09-10 | Chevron Res | Coprecipitation method for making multi-component catalysts |
NL6702572A (zh) * | 1967-02-21 | 1968-08-22 | ||
US4341625A (en) | 1973-08-09 | 1982-07-27 | Chevron Research Company | Method for preparing a catalyst carrier, a catalyst containing the carrier, and a hydrocarbon hydrodesulfurization process using the catalyst |
US4113661A (en) | 1973-08-09 | 1978-09-12 | Chevron Research Company | Method for preparing a hydrodesulfurization catalyst |
US3935127A (en) | 1974-07-01 | 1976-01-27 | Universal Oil Products Company | Method of catalyst manufacture |
US4152250A (en) * | 1975-12-09 | 1979-05-01 | Chiyoda Chemical Engineering & Construction | Demetallation of hydrocarbons with catalysts supported on sepiolite |
US4154812A (en) | 1977-03-25 | 1979-05-15 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Process for preparing alumina |
DE2812875A1 (de) | 1977-03-25 | 1978-10-05 | Grace W R & Co | Aluminiumoxidzusammensetzungen und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
US4116882A (en) | 1977-12-14 | 1978-09-26 | Continental Oil Company | Method for the formation of alumina spheres |
GB1569525A (en) | 1978-03-03 | 1980-06-18 | Chevron Res | Hydrocarbon hydroconversion catalyst its preparation and use |
US4270779A (en) | 1979-05-18 | 1981-06-02 | Watts John R | Locking device for removable frame structures |
US4465790A (en) | 1983-03-17 | 1984-08-14 | American Cyanamid Company | Hydrotreating catalyst |
US4587012A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1986-05-06 | Chevron Research Company | Process for upgrading hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks |
US4568657A (en) | 1984-10-03 | 1986-02-04 | Intevep, S.A. | Catalyst formed of natural clay for use in the hydrodemetallization and hydroconversion of heavy crudes and residues and method of preparation of same |
JPS62199687A (ja) | 1986-04-28 | 1987-09-03 | ユニオン・オイル・コンパニ−・オブ・カリフオルニア | 細孔の大きい触媒を用いる水素化法 |
JPH0214818A (ja) | 1988-04-28 | 1990-01-18 | Harshaw Chem Co | アルミナーチタニア複合体 |
US4976848A (en) | 1988-10-04 | 1990-12-11 | Chevron Research Company | Hydrodemetalation and hydrodesulfurization using a catalyst of specified macroporosity |
CN1024135C (zh) | 1988-10-04 | 1994-04-06 | 切夫尔昂研究公司 | 使用大孔隙催化剂加氧脱金属和加氢脱硫的方法 |
US5089463A (en) | 1988-10-04 | 1992-02-18 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Hydrodemetalation and hydrodesulfurization catalyst of specified macroporosity |
US5089453A (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1992-02-18 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Hydroconversion catalyst and method for making the catalyst |
CA2067878A1 (en) * | 1991-05-02 | 1992-11-03 | Jeffrey B. Harrison | Hydroconversion process |
US5229347A (en) | 1991-05-08 | 1993-07-20 | Intevep, S.A. | Catalyst for mild hydrocracking of cracked feedstocks and method for its preparation |
US5215955A (en) | 1991-10-02 | 1993-06-01 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Resid catalyst with high metals capacity |
CA2093412C (en) | 1992-04-20 | 2002-12-31 | Gerald Verdell Nelson | Novel hydroconversion process employing catalyst with specified pore size distribution |
MX9305801A (es) * | 1992-09-29 | 1994-07-29 | Texaco Development Corp | Proceso de hidroconversion novedoso que emplea catalizador con distribucion especificada de tamaño de poro. |
JP3504984B2 (ja) | 1994-09-19 | 2004-03-08 | 日本ケッチェン株式会社 | 重質炭化水素油の水素化脱硫脱金属触媒 |
US6036847A (en) | 1996-03-26 | 2000-03-14 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Compositions for use in catalytic cracking to make reduced sulfur content gasoline |
JP3821521B2 (ja) | 1996-10-22 | 2006-09-13 | 触媒化成工業株式会社 | チタニア−アルミナ担体とその製造方法並びにそれを使用した水素化処理触媒 |
MXPA98005494A (es) | 1998-07-07 | 2002-07-30 | Mexicano Inst Petrol | Procedimiento para la obtencion de un catalizadorpara la hidrodesnitrogenacion e hidrodesulfuracion de fracciones intermedias y pesadas del petroleoy producto resultante. |
JP4303820B2 (ja) * | 1999-01-26 | 2009-07-29 | 日本ケッチェン株式会社 | 水素化処理用触媒並びに水素化処理方法 |
US7341976B2 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2008-03-11 | Conocophillips Company | Stabilized boehmite-derived catalyst supports, catalysts, methods of making and using |
JP2004148139A (ja) * | 2002-10-28 | 2004-05-27 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 再生処理した重質油水素化触媒及びそれを用いた重質油の水素化処理方法 |
JP2003181292A (ja) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-07-02 | Chevron Research & Technology Co | 高活性残油触媒 |
CN1997724B (zh) * | 2004-06-17 | 2012-07-04 | 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 | 催化剂组合物和重质烃油的两步加氢处理方法 |
US7164032B2 (en) | 2004-07-27 | 2007-01-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Supercritical fluid phase synthesis of methylene lactones using novel catalyst field of invention |
WO2006110546A2 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-10-19 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Systems, methods, and catalysts for producing a crude product |
MXPA05012893A (es) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-11-23 | Mexicano Inst Petrol | Catalizador para la hidrodesulfuracion de residuos y crudos pesados. |
WO2010033487A2 (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2010-03-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc.X | Systems and methods for producing a crude product |
US7964524B2 (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2011-06-21 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Hydroconversion multi-metallic catalyst and method for making thereof |
CN101890382B (zh) * | 2009-05-19 | 2012-08-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种加氢脱金属催化剂及其应用 |
CN101890380B (zh) | 2009-05-19 | 2011-12-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种加氢脱硫催化剂及其应用 |
JP5285533B2 (ja) | 2009-08-07 | 2013-09-11 | ホシデン株式会社 | コネクタ及び電子機器 |
EP2484745B1 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2020-11-18 | JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation | Hydrodesulfurization catalyst for a hydrocarbon oil, manufacturing method therefor, and hydrorefining method |
TWI611836B (zh) | 2012-02-17 | 2018-01-21 | Advanced Refining Technologies Llc. | 觸媒支撐物及其製備方法 |
-
2013
- 2013-01-29 TW TW102103248A patent/TWI611836B/zh active
- 2013-02-14 CA CA2864799A patent/CA2864799C/en active Active
- 2013-02-14 SG SG11201404827WA patent/SG11201404827WA/en unknown
- 2013-02-14 KR KR1020147025792A patent/KR102133607B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-02-14 WO PCT/US2013/026108 patent/WO2013123166A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2013-02-14 EP EP13749186.6A patent/EP2814602A4/en active Pending
- 2013-02-14 US US14/379,137 patent/US10584288B2/en active Active
- 2013-02-14 CN CN201380020504.3A patent/CN104411401B/zh active Active
- 2013-02-14 CN CN201910997489.7A patent/CN110841674B/zh active Active
- 2013-02-14 JP JP2014557764A patent/JP6298771B2/ja active Active
-
2014
- 2014-08-22 ZA ZA2014/06208A patent/ZA201406208B/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4179408A (en) * | 1977-03-25 | 1979-12-18 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Process for preparing spheroidal alumina particles |
US4440631A (en) * | 1982-06-15 | 1984-04-03 | Chiyoda Chemical Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. | Process for hydrocracking heavy hydrocarbon oils and catalyst therefor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN110841674B (zh) | 2022-11-04 |
JP2015508708A (ja) | 2015-03-23 |
CA2864799C (en) | 2018-04-10 |
KR20140126379A (ko) | 2014-10-30 |
CN104411401B (zh) | 2019-11-15 |
JP6298771B2 (ja) | 2018-03-20 |
EP2814602A4 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
US10584288B2 (en) | 2020-03-10 |
EP2814602A1 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
US20160017240A1 (en) | 2016-01-21 |
CN104411401A (zh) | 2015-03-11 |
KR102133607B1 (ko) | 2020-07-13 |
CA2864799A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
CN110841674A (zh) | 2020-02-28 |
SG11201404827WA (en) | 2014-09-26 |
ZA201406208B (en) | 2016-01-27 |
TW201343249A (zh) | 2013-11-01 |
WO2013123166A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI611836B (zh) | 觸媒支撐物及其製備方法 | |
JP6506430B2 (ja) | チタニアを含有する改良された残油水素化処理触媒 | |
TWI579043B (zh) | 球形觸媒支撐物及其製備方法 | |
KR102245503B1 (ko) | 신규한 잔유 수소화처리 촉매 | |
JP2017113715A (ja) | 水素化処理触媒及びその製造方法 |