TWI512971B - 絕緣閘雙極電晶體及其製造方法 - Google Patents
絕緣閘雙極電晶體及其製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 142
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 102
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum gallium Chemical compound [Al].[Ga] RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D12/00—Bipolar devices controlled by the field effect, e.g. insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/01—Manufacture or treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D30/015—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having heterojunction interface channels or heterojunction gate electrodes, e.g. HEMT
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/40—FETs having zero-dimensional [0D], one-dimensional [1D] or two-dimensional [2D] charge carrier gas channels
- H10D30/47—FETs having zero-dimensional [0D], one-dimensional [1D] or two-dimensional [2D] charge carrier gas channels having 2D charge carrier gas channels, e.g. nanoribbon FETs or high electron mobility transistors [HEMT]
- H10D30/471—High electron mobility transistors [HEMT] or high hole mobility transistors [HHMT]
- H10D30/475—High electron mobility transistors [HEMT] or high hole mobility transistors [HHMT] having wider bandgap layer formed on top of lower bandgap active layer, e.g. undoped barrier HEMTs such as i-AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
- H10D30/4755—High electron mobility transistors [HEMT] or high hole mobility transistors [HHMT] having wider bandgap layer formed on top of lower bandgap active layer, e.g. undoped barrier HEMTs such as i-AlGaN/GaN HEMTs having wide bandgap charge-carrier supplying layers, e.g. modulation doped HEMTs such as n-AlGaAs/GaAs HEMTs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/10—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of the semiconductor bodies; Shapes of the semiconductor bodies
- H10D62/17—Semiconductor regions connected to electrodes not carrying current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. channel regions
- H10D62/393—Body regions of DMOS transistors or IGBTs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/85—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group III-V materials, e.g. GaAs
- H10D62/8503—Nitride Group III-V materials, e.g. AlN or GaN
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/85—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group III-V materials, e.g. GaAs
- H10D62/852—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group III-V materials, e.g. GaAs being Group III-V materials comprising three or more elements, e.g. AlGaN or InAsSbP
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D64/00—Electrodes of devices having potential barriers
- H10D64/20—Electrodes characterised by their shapes, relative sizes or dispositions
- H10D64/27—Electrodes not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. gates
- H10D64/311—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices
- H10D64/411—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D84/00—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers
- H10D84/40—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers characterised by the integration of at least one component covered by groups H10D12/00 or H10D30/00 with at least one component covered by groups H10D10/00 or H10D18/00, e.g. integration of IGFETs with BJTs
- H10D84/401—Combinations of FETs or IGBTs with BJTs
- H10D84/403—Combinations of FETs or IGBTs with BJTs and with one or more of diodes, resistors or capacitors
- H10D84/409—Combinations of FETs or IGBTs with lateral BJTs and with one or more of diodes, resistors or capacitors
Landscapes
- Insulated Gate Type Field-Effect Transistor (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
Description
本發明係有關一種絕緣閘雙極電晶體(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)及其製造方法;特別是指一種包含氮化鎵(gallium nitride,GaN)基板的IGBT其製造方法。
第1圖顯示一種習知IGBT 100的剖視示意圖。如第1圖所示,於一矽基板或碳化矽基板中形成IGBT 100,其包含P型陽極11、N型區12、P型區13、N型陰極14、閘極15、與N型緩衝層16。IGBT 100為一種垂直型的雙擴散金屬氧化物半導體(double diffusion metal oxide semiconductor,DMOS)IGBT,其中,由閘極15、並以N型緩衝層16作為汲極(drain)、N型區12作為漂移區(drift region)、P型區13作為井區(well)、N型陰極14作為源極(source)而形成於一垂直型的DMOS元件。另一方面,由P型區13作為射極(emitter)、N型緩衝層16作為基極(base)、P型陽極11做為集極(collector)而形成一雙極接面電晶體(bipolar junction transistor,BJT)。其中,當IGBT 100操作時,由垂直型的DMOS元件控制,使BJT導通或不導通,以實現由DMOS元件快速切換高功率元件BJT的功能。
當IGBT 100操作時,如第1圖所示,閘極15兩邊的N型陰極14與P型區13會形成寄生接面場效電晶體(junction field effect transistor,JFET),N型陰極14與P型區13所形成的空乏區會使導通電流受限,限制了應用範圍。
有鑑於此,本發明即針對上述先前技術之改善,提出一種IGBT及其製造方法,可提高操作的速度並降低導通阻值。
就其中一觀點言,本發明提供了一種絕緣閘雙極電晶體
(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)包含:一氮化鎵(gallium nitride,GaN)基板,具有一上表面;一第一GaN層,具有第一導電型,形成於該上表面上,且該第一GaN層具有一側壁,垂直於該上表面;一第二GaN層,具有第一導電型,形成於該上表面上;一第三GaN層,具有與第一導電型相反之第二導電型或純質導電型,形成於該第一GaN層上,且該第三GaN層與該GaN基板間,由該第一GaN層隔開;以及一閘極,形成於該GaN基板上,且該閘極具有一側板,於一橫向上,鄰近或鄰接於該側壁,以控制一通道;其中,該第二GaN層與該第一GaN層之間,由該閘極隔開。
就另一觀點言,本發明提供了一種絕緣閘雙極電晶體(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)製造方法,包含:提供一氮化鎵(gallium nitride,GaN)基板,具有一上表面;形成一第一GaN層於該上表面上,具有第一導電型,且該第一GaN層具有一側壁,垂直於該上表面;形成一第二GaN層於該上表面上,具有第一導電型;形成一第三GaN層於該第一GaN層上,具有與第一導電型相反之第二導電型或純質導電型,且該第三GaN層與該GaN基板間,由該第一GaN層隔開;以及形成一閘極於該GaN基板上,且該閘極具有一側板,於一橫向上,鄰近或鄰接於該側壁,以控制一通道;其中,該第二GaN層與該第一GaN層之間,由該閘極隔開。
在其中一種較佳的實施型態中,該IGBT更包含一氮化鋁鎵(aluminum gallium nitride,AlGaN)阻障層,形成於該上表面上,並覆蓋該側壁,且該閘極與該GaN基板及該第一GaN層間,由該AlGaN阻障層隔開。
前述的實施例中,該GaN基板、該第一GaN層、該第三GaN層、該AlGaN層、與該閘極可形成一金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor,MOSFET),且該第三GaN層、該第一GaN層、該第二GaN層與該GaN基板可形成一雙極接面電晶體(bipolar junction transistor,BJT),其中,該MOSFET與該BJT並聯。
在其中一種較佳的實施型態中,該GaN基板、該第一GaN層、該第三GaN層與該閘極形成一接面場效電晶體(junction field effect transistor,JFET),且該第一GaN層、該第二GaN層與該GaN基板形成一雙極接面電晶體(bipolar junction transistor,BJT),其中,該JFET與該BJT並聯。
11‧‧‧P型陽極
12‧‧‧N型區
13‧‧‧P型區
14‧‧‧N型陰極
15,24,34‧‧‧閘極
16‧‧‧N型緩衝層
21,31‧‧‧GaN基板
22a,22b,32a,32b‧‧‧GaN層
25,26,27‧‧‧導電層
38‧‧‧二維電子雲(2-D electron gas,2DEG)
39‧‧‧AlGaN阻障層
100,200,300‧‧‧IGBT
211,311‧‧‧上表面
221,321‧‧‧側壁
241,341‧‧‧側板
第1圖顯示一種習知IGBT 100的剖視示意圖。
第2A-2E圖顯示本發明的第一個實施例。
第3A-3D圖顯示本發明的第二個實施例。
本發明中的圖式均屬示意,主要意在表示製程步驟以及各層之間之上下次序關係,至於形狀、厚度與寬度則並未依照比例繪製。
第2A-2E圖顯示本發明的第一個實施例。第2A-2E圖顯示根據本發明之絕緣閘雙極電晶體(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)200的製造流程剖視示意圖。如第2A圖所示,首先,提供氮化鎵(gallium nitride,GaN)基板21,具有上表面211。GaN基板21例如但不限於為N型或純質導電型。接下來如第2B圖所示,於上表面上211上,形成GaN層22a與GaN層22b,例如但不限於為P型,且GaN層22a具有側壁221垂直於上表面211。接下來如第2C圖所示,於GaN層22a上形成GaN層23,其例如但不限於為導電型與P型相反的N型或純質導電型,且GaN層23與GaN基板21間,由GaN層22a隔開。接下來如第2D圖所示,於GaN基板21上形成閘極24,且閘極24具有側板241(如圖中虛框線所示意),其於橫向上(如圖中實線箭號所示意),鄰接於側壁221,以控制通道。接下來如第2E圖所示,形成導電層25、26、27,分別與GaN層22b、GaN層23、與GaN層22電連接,較佳地形成歐姆接觸,以作為GaN層22b、GaN層23、與GaN層22的電性接點。其中,GaN基板21、GaN層22a、GaN層23與閘極24形成接面場效電晶體(junction field effect transistor,JFET),且GaN層22a、GaN層22b與GaN基板21形成雙極接面電晶體(bipolar junction transistor,BJT),其中,JFET與BJT並聯。需說明的是,前述側板241所控制之通道係指當IGBT 200中之JFET於導通操作時,所形成的主要電流路徑。本實施例根據本發明,在JFET於導通操作時,會在前述通道中,形成二維電子雲(2-D
electron gas,2DEG)(如圖中虛線所示意),其中之電流即為前述BJT之基極電流,用以控制BJT之射極-集極電流。BJT之基極電流與射極-集極電流為本領域中具有通常知識者所熟知,在此不予贅述。
本發明主要的概念在於,第一,不同於先前技術IGBT是垂直結構,本發明IGBT為橫向結構。相較於垂直結構的IGBT,根據本發明,橫向結構的IGBT可整合於其他半導體元件製程,例如但不限於為蕭特基位障二極體(Schottky-barrier diode,SBD)或高電子遷移率電晶體(high electron mobility transistor,HEMT)等元件之製程中。因此,可節省製造成本並降低產品的尺寸。第二。不同於先前技術IGBT所具有之矽基板或碳化矽基板,根據本發明之IGBT包括GaN基板,可大幅改善操作速度,使得根據本發明之IGBT相較於先前技術,可以更快速切換,而可適用於高頻元件,增加IGBT的應用範圍。
第3A-3D圖顯示本發明的第二個實施例。本實施例旨在說明根據本發明,IGBT 300相較於第一個實施例IGBT 200,可更包含氮化鋁鎵(aluminum gallium nitride,AlGaN)阻障層39,形成於上表面311上,並覆蓋側壁321,且閘極34與GaN基板31及GaN層32a間,由AlGaN阻障層39隔開。第3A-3D圖顯示根據本發明之IGBT 300的製造流程剖視示意圖。如第3A圖所示,首先,提供氮化鎵(gallium nitride,GaN)基板31,具有上表面311。GaN基板31例如但不限於為N型或純質導電型。接下來如第3B圖所示,於上表面上311上,形成GaN層32a與32b,例如但不限於為P型,且GaN層32a具有側壁321垂直於上表面311。接下來如第3C圖所示,於GaN層32a上形成GaN層33,其例如但不限於為導電型與P型相反的N型或純質導電型,且GaN層33與GaN基板31間,由GaN層32a隔開。接下來如第3D圖所示,於GaN基板31上形成AlGaN阻障層39與閘極34,且閘極34具有側板341(如圖中虛框線所示意),其於橫向上(如圖中實線箭號所示意),鄰近於側壁321,以控制通道。如圖所示,在橫向上,側板341鄰接AlGaN阻障層39,且AlGaN阻障層39鄰接於GaN層32之側壁321。其中,GaN基板31、GaN層32a、GaN層33、AlGaN阻障層39與閘極34形成金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(metal oxide semiconductor field effect
transistor,MOSFET),且GaN層32a、GaN層32b與GaN基板31形成BJT,其中,MOSFETFET與BJT並聯。
需說明的是,前述側板341所控制之通道係指當IGBT 200中之MOSFET於導通操作時,所形成的主要電流路徑。本實施例根據本發明,在MOSFET於導通操作時,會在前述通道中,形成二維電子雲(2-D electron gas,2DEG)38(如圖中虛線所示意),其中之電流即為前述BJT之基極電流,用以控制BJT之射極-集極電流。2DEG 38可大幅改善操作速度,使得IGBT 300相較於先前技術,可以更快速切換;此外,2DEG 38亦可以降低導通阻值,使得IGBT 300操作時有更佳的電子特性
以上已針對較佳實施例來說明本發明,唯以上所述者,僅係為使熟悉本技術者易於了解本發明的內容而已,並非用來限定本發明之權利範圍。在本發明之相同精神下,熟悉本技術者可以思及各種等效變化。例如,本發明所稱「側壁221垂直於上表面211」,並不表示必須絕對無誤差地恰好垂直,而應視為可容許有微幅的偏離;又如,在不影響元件主要的特性下,可加入其他製程步驟或結構,如深井區等。本發明的範圍應涵蓋上述及其他所有等效變化。
21‧‧‧GaN基板
22a,22b‧‧‧P型GaN層
23‧‧‧N型GaN層
24‧‧‧閘極
25,26,27‧‧‧導電層
200‧‧‧IGBT
211‧‧‧上表面
Claims (8)
- 一種絕緣閘雙極電晶體(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)包含:一氮化鎵(gallium nitride,GaN)基板,具有一上表面;一第一GaN層,具有第一導電型,形成於該上表面上,且該第一GaN層具有一側壁,垂直於該上表面;一第二GaN層,具有第一導電型,形成於該上表面上;一第三GaN層,具有與第一導電型相反之第二導電型或純質導電型,形成於該第一GaN層上,且該第三GaN層與該GaN基板間,由該第一GaN層隔開;以及一閘極,形成於該GaN基板上,且該閘極具有一側板,於一橫向上,鄰近或鄰接於該側壁,以控制一通道;其中,該第二GaN層與該第一GaN層之間,由該閘極隔開。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之IGBT,更包含一氮化鋁鎵(aluminum gallium nitride,AlGaN)阻障層,形成於該上表面上,並覆蓋該側壁,且該閘極與該GaN基板及該第一GaN層間,由該AlGaN阻障層隔開。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之IGBT,其中該GaN基板、該第一GaN層、該第三GaN層與該閘極形成一接面場效電晶體(junction field effect transistor,JFET),且該第一GaN層、該第二GaN層與該GaN基板形成一雙極接面電晶體(bipolar junction transistor,BJT),其中,該JFET與該BJT並聯。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之IGBT,其中該GaN基板、該第一GaN層、該第三GaN層、該AlGaN層、與該閘極形成一金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor,MOSFET),且該第一GaN層、該第二GaN層與該GaN基板形成一雙極接面電晶體(bipolar junction transistor,BJT),其中,該MOSFET與該BJT並聯。
- 一種絕緣閘雙極電晶體(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)製造方法,包含:提供一氮化鎵(gallium nitride,GaN)基板,具有一上表面;形成一第一GaN層於該上表面上,具有第一導電型,且該第一GaN層具有一側壁,垂直於該上表面; 形成一第二GaN層於該上表面上,具有第一導電型;形成一第三GaN層於該第一GaN層上,具有與第一導電型相反之第二導電型或純質導電型,且該第三GaN層與該GaN基板間,由該第一GaN層隔開;以及形成一閘極於該GaN基板上,且該閘極具有一側板,於一橫向上,鄰近或鄰接於該側壁,以控制一通道;其中,該第二GaN層與該第一GaN層之間,由該閘極隔開。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之IGBT製造方法,更包含:形成一氮化鋁鎵(aluminum gallium nitride,AlGaN)阻障層於該上表面上,並覆蓋該側壁,且該閘極與該GaN基板及該第一GaN層間,由該AlGaN阻障層隔開。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之IGBT製造方法,其中該GaN基板、該第一GaN層、該第三GaN層與該閘極形成一接面場效電晶體(junction field effect transistor,JFET),且該第一GaN層、該第二GaN層與該GaN基板形成一雙極接面電晶體(bipolar junction transistor,BJT),其中,該JFET與該BJT並聯。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之IGBT製造方法,其中該GaN基板、該第一GaN層、該第三GaN層、該AlGaN層、與該閘極形成一金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor,MOSFET),且該第一GaN層、該第二GaN層與該GaN基板形成一雙極接面電晶體(bipolar junction transistor,BJT),其中,該MOSFET與該BJT並聯。
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US14/464,220 US9252219B2 (en) | 2013-09-24 | 2014-08-20 | Insulated gate bipolar transistor with a lateral gate structure and gallium nitride substrate |
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