TWI511753B - 止血棉 - Google Patents
止血棉 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI511753B TWI511753B TW100111985A TW100111985A TWI511753B TW I511753 B TWI511753 B TW I511753B TW 100111985 A TW100111985 A TW 100111985A TW 100111985 A TW100111985 A TW 100111985A TW I511753 B TWI511753 B TW I511753B
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- hemostatic
- sponge
- collagen
- peg
- hemostatic cotton
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Description
本發明係關於止血棉、製造該等海綿之方法及其各種用途之領域。
基於人類或動物來源之凝血因子的生物膠已久為人知。US 4,362,567、US 4,298,598及US 4,377,572描述製造基於纖維蛋白原及因子XIII之組織黏著劑的方法。組織黏著劑通常與含有凝血酶之各別組分一起施用,凝血酶以酶促方式作用於纖維蛋白原而形成纖維蛋白,且作用於因子XIII而形成活性因子XIIIa,其交聯於纖維蛋白而獲得穩定纖維蛋白凝塊。
多年來已使用膠原蛋白襯墊來改良創傷癒合或止血。其止血作用機制係基於使血小板凝集及活化、在活化之血小板表面上形成凝血酶及藉由凝血酶對纖維蛋白原之催化作用形成止血纖維蛋白凝塊。為了改良膠原蛋白襯墊或薄片之止血作用,已建議在該等襯墊內包括止血因子。
在US 4,600,574中,描述基於膠原蛋白與纖維蛋白原及因子XIII之組合的組織黏著劑。此材料係以即用型凍乾形式提供。藉由用包含纖維蛋白原及因子XIII之溶液浸漬膠原之平坦材料並凍乾該材料來使纖維蛋白原及因子XIII與膠原蛋白組合。
WO 97/37694
揭示一種基於膠原蛋白及均勻分佈於其中之凝血活化劑或前活化劑的止血棉。此海綿係以風乾或凍乾之乾燥形式提供。然而,其仍含有至少2%之水含量。
US 5,614,587論述包含交聯膠原蛋白且使用多官能活性合成親水性聚合物之生物黏著性組成物以及使用該等組成物實現第一表面與第二表面之黏著的方法,其中第一表面及第二表面中至少一者可為天然組織表面。
WO2004028404描述一種由合成膠原蛋白或明膠及親電子交聯劑構成的組織密封劑,其係以乾燥狀態提供。此組成物在適當pH值下濕潤時,兩種組分之間發生反應且形成具有密封性質之凝膠。該密封劑的作用方式基本上類似於其他已知的兩組分密封劑(由具有多個親電子基之試劑及具有多個親核基之試劑構成),該等密封劑在此項技術中為已知的或可自市面上購得,例如CosealTM
。在該發明之特定具體實例中,密封劑之兩種組分(親電子交連劑及合成膠原蛋白/明膠)係塗佈於生物材料上。
US 5,428,024、US 5,352,715及US 5,204,382描述含膠原蛋白之組成物,其已被機械破壞以改變其物理特性。此等專利大體上係關於原纖維及不溶性膠原蛋白。US 4,803,075描述可注射膠原蛋白組成物。US 5,516,532描述可注射骨/軟骨組成物。WO 96/39159描述包含大小介於5 μm至850 μm範圍內之乾燥粒子的基於膠原蛋白之遞送基質,其可懸浮於水中且具有特定表面電荷密度。粒徑為1 μm至50 μm且適用作氣溶膠噴霧以形成創傷敷料的膠原蛋白製劑描述於US 5,196,185中。描述膠原蛋白組成物之其他專利包括US 5,672,336及US 5,356,614。
本發明之標的物為一種多孔複合止血棉,其包含:
i)生物材料基質;及
ii)一種包含活性基團之親水性聚合組分;其中i)與ii)彼此締合以保留聚合組分之活性,其中締合意謂:
- 該聚合組分塗佈於該生物材料基質之表面上;或
- 該基質經該聚合材料浸漬;或
- 二者。
已發現先前用於創傷癒合之纖維生物材料襯墊,尤其膠原蛋白襯墊在止血異常(例如在肝素化後)的狀況下不能誘導止血。本發明之海綿改良止血。此外,本發明之海綿在施用於創傷時對組織顯示強黏著性。本發明之海綿在施用於創傷後進一步顯示改良之膨脹特性,亦即低膨脹。
另一態樣係關於一種處理損傷之方法,該方法包含向損傷部位投與多孔複合止血棉。
亦提供一種用於製備創傷敷層之套組,該套組包含如本文所揭示之海綿及緩衝溶液。詳言之,此套組及其組分係用於製造供處理損傷用之醫用海綿。
熟習此項技術者將容易瞭解,下文中所揭示之所有較佳具體實例均為特定具體實例之實例,但不必限制一般發明概念。此外,所有特定具體實例均可視為所有發明態樣及具體實例之任何組合(若不互相排斥)。本發明包括熟習此項技術者所公認之所有等效物或明顯改變或改進。
本發明之目標為一種多孔複合止血棉,其包含:
i)生物材料基質;及
ii)一種包含活性基團之親水性聚合組分;其中i)與ii)彼此締合以保留聚合組分之活性,其中締合意謂:
- 該聚合組分係塗佈於該生物材料基質之表面上,例如呈處於該海綿之至少一個表面上的連續層或不連續層形式;或
- 該基質經該聚合材料浸漬;或
- 二者。
本文中術語浸漬意欲包括術語聚合材料吸收於生物材料基質中。
術語海綿、襯墊及纖維網在本發明說明書中可互換使用。
生物材料較佳為膠原蛋白、蛋白質、生物聚合物或多醣。尤其較佳為選自由以下組成之群的生物材料:膠原蛋白、明膠(尤其交聯明膠)、纖維蛋白、多醣(尤其聚葡萄胺糖、氧化纖維素、醛活化葡聚糖、基於澱粉之聚醛(可藉由過碘酸鹽氧化獲得)、合成生物可降解生物材料(尤其聚乳酸或聚乙醇酸)及其衍生物,膠原蛋白更佳。
根據本發明,提供包含具有止血性質之水不溶性生物材料基質及與其締合之親水性聚合交聯劑的多孔複合材料。
與流血組織接觸時,親水性聚合交連劑與血液蛋白質發生交聯反應,形成具有密封及止血性質的凝膠。交聯亦發生於組織表面蛋白質,且視水不溶性基質生物材料之性質而定,亦可發生於基質生物材料。後一種反應有助於改良複合材料與創傷組織表面之黏著。
此外,對本發明複合物之止血效力而言,重要的是生物材料基質具有浸透能力,亦即能夠浸透/吸收諸如血液、血清、血漿之液體。
該等浸透能力尤其取決於組成基質之聚合物的親水性、互連開孔之三維結構或親水性纖維之三維網路。基質之孔徑及彈性對於浸透能力同樣重要。彈性意謂基質可在水溶液中壓縮並在導致壓縮之力解除後恢復其初始體積。
海綿為當施用於損傷部位時能夠吸收體液的多孔網狀生物材料。由此允許創傷之血液(包括所有血液組分,諸如血細胞或凝血蛋白)進入海綿。因此,本發明之多孔海綿當施用於患者時具有可接取諸如血液之外部流體的內部體積。例如,可藉由冷凍乾燥將膠原蛋白凝膠、懸浮液或溶液凍乾來製造多孔膠原蛋白海綿(而標準風乾產生膠原蛋白膜)。由此可見,在膠原蛋白之情況下,本發明之所得多孔海綿典型地具有5至100 mg/cm3
之膠原蛋白,而膠原蛋白膜具有650至800 mg/cm3
之膠原蛋白。若諸如血液之外部流體得以與本發明之海綿接觸,則包含活性基團之親水性聚合組分可與血液組分及/或生物材料基質之表面反應,從而使結合至(至少兩個)活性基團的組分交聯。此外,海綿通常具有可撓性且適合施用於具有各種形狀的多樣組織及位置。
用於本發明之膠原蛋白可來自任何膠原蛋白材料,包括可處理成多孔基質、尤其多孔纖維基質的液體、糊狀、纖維狀或粉狀材料。例如EP 0891193(其係以引用的方式併入本文中)描述製備膠原蛋白凝膠以供製造海綿,且可包括酸化直至形成凝膠及隨後之pH值中和。為了改良凝膠形成能力或溶解度,膠原蛋白可(部分)水解或改質,只要在乾燥時形成穩定海綿之性質不減弱即可。
海綿基質之膠原蛋白或明膠較佳來源於動物,較佳為牛或馬。然而,在患者對異種蛋白質過敏的情況下,亦可使用人類膠原蛋白。亦可使用合成或重組膠原蛋白。海綿之其他組分較佳來源於人類,由此使得海綿尤其適合施用於人類。
在一較佳具體實例中,多孔膠原蛋白海綿含有約5至約50、例如約10至約30、較佳約25毫克膠原蛋白/立方公分乾海綿。
生物材料可能未交聯或已交聯,生物材料較佳已交聯。
本發明海綿之親水性聚合組分為在海綿施用於患者(例如患者之創傷或患者需要止血活性之另一位置)時能夠與其活性基團反應的親水性交聯劑。因此,對於本發明而言,重要的是聚合組分之活性基團在施用於患者時具有活性。因此,必需製造本發明之海綿以便在製造過程中保留在施用於創傷時應發生反應的聚合組分之活性基團。
此舉可用各種方式進行。例如,常見親水性聚合組分具有在與水接觸後易於水解的活性基團。因此,在將海綿投與患者前,尤其在製造期間,必須防止與水或含水液體過早接觸。然而,在製造期間處理親水性聚合組分亦可能在水性介質中、在抑制活性基團之反應的條件下(例如在低pH值下)進行。若親水性聚合組分可熔融,則熔融之親水性聚合組分可噴塗或印刷於基質生物聚合物上。亦可將乾燥形式(例如粉末)之親水性聚合組分噴灑於基質上。若有必要,則可增加溫度以使噴灑於基質上之親水性聚合組分熔融以獲得海綿之永久塗層。或者,此等親水性聚合組分可溶解於惰性有機溶劑(相對於親水性聚合組分之活性基團為惰性)中並施於生物材料基質上。該等有機溶劑之實例為無水乙醇、無水丙酮或無水二氯甲烷(例如對於諸如經NHS酯取代之PEG之親水性聚合組分為惰性)。
在一較佳具體實例中,親水性聚合物組分為單一親水性聚合物組分且為聚環氧烷(polyalkylene oxide)聚合物,尤其較佳為包含PEG之聚合物,在下文中稱為「該材料」。該材料之活性基團較佳為親電子基。
該材料可能為多親電子基聚環氧烷(polyalkylene oxide)聚合物,例如多親電子基PEG。該材料可包括兩個或兩個以上親電子基,諸如-CON(COCH2
)2
、-CHO、-N=C=O及/或-N(COCH2
)2
,例如WO2008/016983(以全文引用的方式併入本文中)中所揭示之組分及可以商標購得的組分之一。
本發明之親水性聚合交聯劑之較佳親電子基為對蛋白質之胺基、羧基、硫醇基及羥基或其混合物具有活性的基團。
在碳化二亞胺、異氰酸酯或THPP(β-[參(羥甲基)膦基]丙酸)存在下,較佳胺基特異性活性基團為NHS酯基、亞胺酯基、醛基、羧基,尤其較佳為新戊四醇聚(乙二醇)醚四丁二醯亞胺基戊二酸酯(=新戊四醇肆[1-1'-側氧基-5'-丁二醯亞胺基戊酸酯-2-聚氧乙二醇]醚(=NHS-PEG,MW 10,000))。
在碳化二亞胺存在下,較佳羧基特異性活性基團為胺基。
較佳硫醇基特異性活性基團為順丁烯二醯亞胺基或鹵乙醯基。
較佳羥基特異性活性基團為異氰酸酯基。
親水性交聯劑上之活性基團可能相同(同官能)或不同(異官能)。親水性聚合組分可具有兩個活性基團(同雙官能或異雙官能)或兩個以上活性基團(同/異三官能或三官能以上)。
在特定具體實例中,該材料為合成聚合物,較佳包含PEG。聚合物可為PEG衍生物,其包含適用於交聯於並黏著於組織之活性側基。
藉由活性基團,親水性聚合物能夠交聯於血液蛋白質以及組織表面蛋白質。亦可交聯於生物材料。
多親電子基聚環氧烷(polyalkylene oxide)可包括兩個或兩個以上丁二醯亞胺基。多親電子基聚環氧烷(polyalkylene oxide)可包括兩個或兩個以上順丁烯二醯亞胺基。
多親電子基聚環氧烷(polyalkylene oxide)較佳為聚乙二醇或其衍生物。
在一最佳具體實例中,聚合組分為新戊四醇聚(乙二醇)醚四丁二醯亞胺基戊二酸酯(=COH102,亦即新戊四醇肆[1-1'-側氧基-5'-丁二醯亞胺基戊酸酯-2-聚氧乙二醇]醚)。
在一較佳具體實例中,本發明之海綿包含膠原蛋白作為生物材料,且聚合組分(例如COH102)係塗佈於膠原蛋白表面上(=塗佈形式)。
塗層為不連續塗層尤其較佳,例如圖6中所示。
在另一較佳具體實例中,塗層為連續薄塗層,如藉由例如將熔融的聚合組分噴塗於生物材料基質上所獲得。該塗層可與膜樣或玻璃樣結構相當,例如圖7中所示。
在另一較佳具體實例中,本發明之海綿包含膠原蛋白作為生物材料,且聚合組分(例如COH102)係浸漬於膠原蛋白中(=浸漬形式)。
聚合組分之分子量較佳在500至50000範圍內,最佳為約10000。
該生物材料海綿上之聚合組分相對於所塗海綿的塗佈量較佳為約1 mg/cm2
至約20 mg/cm2
,更佳為約2 mg/cm2
至約14 mg/cm2
。聚合組分相對於所浸漬海綿的濃度較佳為約5 mg/cm3
至約100 mg/cm3
,更佳為約10 mg/cm3
至約70 mg/cm3
。
在另一較佳具體實例中,本發明海綿包含浸漬形式與塗佈形式之組合。此外,在聚合組分具有可水解活性基團的情況下(例如NHS-PEG),本發明海綿藉由呈乾燥形式(例如具有低於10%、尤其低於2%且尤其低於1%的總體水含量)來保留包含活性基團之親水性聚合組分之活性基團的活性。較高水含量(例如高於10%)亦會產生功能海綿,但儲存穩定性會惡化。因此,水含量低於2%(w/w)較佳;低於1%甚至更佳;低於0.5%特別較佳。
在另一較佳具體實例中,存在另一層之另一種生物材料。另一層可來自與基質相同的生物材料或其可為不同的生物材料,例如生物材料基質為膠原蛋白而另一層為氧化纖維素。可包括如上文所提及之生物材料之所有組合。
海綿整體上可具有適合活體內生物分解之生物可降解性,或生物可吸收性,亦即能夠活體內再吸收,例如經由活體內所存在之蛋白酶及活體內可水解之基團降解。全部再吸收意謂殘留的細胞外片段不顯著。生物可降解材料與非生物可降解材料不同之處在於,生物可降解材料可生物分解成可自生物系統移除及/或可以化學方式併入生物系統中的單元。在一較佳具體實例中,特定材料、基質材料或海綿整體上可在少於6個月、少於3個月、少於1個月、少於2週內被個體(詳言之,人類個體)降解。
海綿可進一步包含凝血活化劑或前活化劑,包括纖維蛋白原、凝血酶或凝血酶前驅物,如例如US 5,714,370(以引用的方式併入本文中)中所揭示。凝血酶或凝血酶前驅物應分別理解為在與血液接觸時或在施用於患者後具有凝血酶活性且誘導凝血酶活性的蛋白質。其活性可表述為凝血酶活性(NIH單元)或產生相應NIH單元之凝血酶等效活性。海綿活性可為100至10,000,較佳為500至5,000。在下文中,凝血酶活性應理解為包含凝血酶活性或任何等效活性。具有凝血酶活性之蛋白質可選自由α-凝血酶、強凝血酶(meizothrombin)、凝血酶衍生物或重組凝血酶組成之群。適合前驅物可能係選自由以下組成之群:凝血酶原、因子Xa(視情況與磷脂一起)、因子IXa、活化凝血酶原複合物、FEIBA、任何內在或外在凝血活化劑或前活化劑,或其混合物。
本發明之止血棉可與其他生理物質一起使用。例如,海綿較佳進一步包含藥理學活性物質,其中有抗纖維蛋白溶解劑,諸如纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑抑制劑或纖維蛋白溶酶抑制劑或纖維蛋白溶解劑去活劑。較佳抗纖維蛋白溶解劑係選自由以下組成之群:抗蛋白酶或抗蛋白酶衍生物、α2-巨球蛋白、蛋白質C或活化蛋白質C之抑制劑或去活劑、與天然受質具有競爭作用的結合至纖維蛋白溶酶之受質模擬物、及抑制纖維蛋白溶解活性之抗體。
作為另一種藥理學活性物質的抗生素(諸如抗細菌劑或抗黴菌劑)可與本發明之海綿一起使用,較佳用作均勻分佈在海綿中之組分。其他生物活性物質,諸如生長因子及/或止痛藥,亦可存在於本發明之海綿中。該海綿可適用於例如創傷癒合。
其他組合較佳使用特定酶或酶抑制劑,其可調節(亦即加速或抑制)海綿之再吸收。其中為膠原酶、其增強劑或抑制劑。又,適合防腐劑可與海綿一起使用或可含於海綿中。
雖然較佳具體實例係關於含有凝血活化劑或前活化劑作為唯一活性組分之止血棉的用途,但亦可包含影響凝血速度、止血及密封品質(諸如拉伸強度、內部(黏著)強度及耐久性)的其他物質。
可使用增強或改良內在或外在凝血之促凝血劑,諸如凝血因子或輔因子、因子XIII、組織因子、凝血酶原複合物、活化凝血酶原複合物、或複合物之部分、凝血酶原酶複合物、磷脂及鈣離子、魚精蛋白。在需要精確密封之手術程序的情況下,較佳延長將止血棉施用於患者之後及對凝結起作用之前的工作時段。若本發明之海綿進一步包含適量凝血抑制劑,則將確保延長凝結反應。諸如視情況與肝素一起使用之抗凝血酶III或任何其他絲胺酸蛋白酶抑制劑之抑制劑較佳。
為防止材料局部不穩定或凝固性過高,亦較佳為該等添加劑(詳言之,凝血酶或凝血酶前驅物)均勻分佈於材料中。即使在一定的水含量下,凝血酶活性亦令人驚訝地穩定,此可能係由於均質混合物中凝血酶與膠原蛋白密切接觸之故。然而,可根據本發明使用較佳選自由多元醇、多醣、聚烯烴基二醇(polyalkylene glycol)、胺基酸或其混合物組成之群的凝血酶穩定劑。例示性使用山梨糖醇、甘油、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、諸如葡萄糖或蔗糖之單醣或雙醣,或者能夠穩定凝血酶活性之任何糖或磺化胺基酸較佳。
可根據本發明使用之添加劑的其他實例包括諸如血管收縮劑、抗生素或岩藻依聚糖(fucoidan)之物質。
本發明之海綿可進一步含有染料,例如核黃素或先前技術中已知的具有生物相容性的其他染料。染料可例如作為另一層(塗層)包括在內且尤其可有助於外科醫生分別鑑別本發明之所塗海綿的哪一個表面為活性表面或非活性表面。
本發明海綿之總體厚度較佳小於3 cm,較佳為約1 mm至約3 cm,更佳為約1 mm至約2 cm,最佳為約1 mm至約2 mm。
在本發明之海綿中,塗層厚度較佳為約0.01 mm至約1 mm。
本發明之海綿較佳用於最低侵入性手術中,例如用於腹腔鏡應用。
海綿可經乾燥,且在乾燥後,海綿可具有至少0.5%(此處百分比以w/w出示)水含量。在某些具體實例中,海綿可經凍乾或風乾。
本發明亦提供包含本發明海綿之創傷敷層。海綿及所有其他層可以適合尺寸之即用型創傷敷層形式提供。海綿及/或敷層可為襯墊或薄片,較佳具有至少1 mm或至少2 mm或至少5 mm及/或至多20 mm之厚度,此視適應症而定。當相對較厚之可撓性海綿施用於創傷時,重要的是,在可充當其他創傷分泌物吸收障壁的纖維蛋白形成之前,血液及纖維蛋白原可吸收於整個海綿中。
本發明之另一態樣係關於一種製造止血棉之方法(製程I),其包含:
a)提供包含呈乾燥形式之生物材料基質的海綿;
b)提供一種呈乾粉末形式之活性聚合材料;
c)使a)與b)接觸以使該b)材料存在於該海綿之至少一個表面上;及
d)將該b)材料固定於該a)海綿上。
可藉由在預熱之烘箱中在例如30℃至80℃、較佳60℃至65℃之溫度下維持足以固定之時段,例如1分鐘至10分鐘,較佳約4分鐘,以使聚合組分熔融於海綿上來達成固定。
或者,可藉由紅外線加熱器或任何其他熱源來達成固定。調節襯墊與加熱器之間的距離、加熱器之強度及紅外線照射曝露時間以使塗層在最小熱曝露下達成熔融。
本發明之另一態樣係關於一種製造止血棉之方法(製程II),其包含:
a)提供包含呈乾燥形式之生物材料基質的海綿體;
b)提供一種呈溶液形式之活性聚合材料,例如pH值低於5、較佳為約3之水溶液,或基於無水有機溶劑之溶液,例如基於乙醇、丙酮、二氯甲烷及其類似物;
c)使a)與b)接觸以使該a)材料經b)浸漬;及
d)乾燥步驟c)中所獲得之該材料。
為達成浸漬之接觸可藉由將聚合溶液置於海綿頂部且使溶液滲入該海綿中維持足以達成該吸收之時段,例如約2分鐘至約2小時、較佳30分鐘來進行。
乾燥可包括凍乾或風乾,且包含移除流體之揮發性組分。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種可藉由製程(I)或(II)之製造方法獲得的止血棉。
本發明之另一態樣係關於本發明海綿用於處理選自由創傷、出血、組織損傷及/或組織流血組成之群的損傷的用途。本發明之海綿較佳用於密封組織,例如肺、脾臟、肝臟;及止血。
本發明之複合物亦可用作即用型組織密封劑,只要體液蛋白質濃度足夠高從而允許形成如上文所述之密封凝膠即可。
特別指出,在藉由綁紮或習知程序控制流血無效或不可行時,本發明之海綿在開放式及內窺鏡/腹腔鏡/胸腔鏡/MIS(最低侵入性手術)手術程序中作為佐劑用於止血、處理手術流血、有效抑制滲液。
在一較佳具體實例中,本發明之海綿與緩衝溶液一起施用,例如鹼性緩衝溶液,諸如碳酸氫鹽溶液,諸如pH 8.3之8.4% NaHCO3
,例如處於紗布上。
已發現與經生理食鹽水浸透之紗布相比,施用經8.4% NaHCO3
溶液浸透之紗布後,反應速度增加。依據在施用NaHCO3
之情況下,過2分鐘後海綿與組織之黏著性更高來觀察此現象。
本發明進一步提供一種套組,其包含如申請專利範圍第1項至第5項中任一項之海綿及緩衝溶液(例如鹼性緩衝溶液,諸如碳酸氫鹽或碳酸鹽),以及其使用說明書。鹼性緩衝溶液較佳具有約8之pH值,諸如8.3。
本發明之另一態樣係關於一種止血複合物,其包含水不溶性止血材料(基質)及具有活性基團之親水性聚合交聯劑,該複合物包含允許外部流體、尤其人類血液接入該複合物中的孔隙。止血材料可為上文提及為「生物材料基質」的任何材料,其自身已具有一定的止血性質。該等材料以及其止血性質在此項技術中大體上已為人所知。本發明之複合材料具有允許外部流體接入複合物之內部的孔隙,以便例如若施用於創傷,則此創傷之血液可進入該複合物。複合物可藉由此等孔隙而得以浸透。在實務上重要之實例包括止血纖維之非編織織物或編織織物或多孔止血棉。此止血材料較佳為膠原蛋白海綿、氧化再生纖維素織物、纖維蛋白海綿或明膠海綿。膠原蛋白海綿為實質天然膠原蛋白(亦即天然膠原蛋白纖維結構在很大程度上得以保留或在處理期間藉由原纖維形成而得以再生)特別較佳。
親水性聚合交聯劑之活性在本發明複合物中得以保留。此意謂交聯劑之活性基團尚未與止血材料(之表面)反應且未被水水解。此現象可藉由將止血材料與交聯劑以不引起交聯劑活性基團與止血材料或水反應的方式組合來達成,例如如本文所揭示之藉由在惰性條件下熔融、噴霧、浸透等。通常,此舉包括省去水性條件(或濕潤),尤其在不存在酸性條件的情況下濕潤(若交聯劑在酸性條件下不具活性)。由此得到活性止血材料。本發明之止血複合物較佳含有聚乙二醇(PEG)作為具有活性基團之親水性聚合交聯劑,尤其包含兩個或兩個以上、較佳4個活性基團的PEG(該等活性基團選自丁二醯亞胺酯基(-CON(COCH2
)2
)、醛基(-CHO)及異氰酸酯基(-N=C=O)、尤其較佳為丁二醯亞胺酯基),諸如下文所定義之Coseal之組分COH102。
在一較佳具體實例中,形成海綿之多孔網路的基質材料在乾燥多孔海綿中佔1%至50%、1%至10%、或約3%(w/w%)。
本發明之生物材料基質,尤其膠原蛋白,一般不可溶,尤其不溶於水。然而,由於海綿具有多孔及/或吸濕性,因此當其與含水流體(尤其血液、血清、血漿等或創傷中所存在之其他流體)相遇時會膨脹並吸收此等流體。
本發明之止血棉為「流體吸收型」。「流體吸收型」應視為當接觸時可容納流體的物理過程,其可能引起或不引起海綿膨脹。海綿可容納流體(尤其是血液)的量較佳為海綿乾重之至少1倍、至少2倍、至少4倍或至少10倍及/或至多100倍、至多20倍或至多10倍。本發明之海綿材料即使在壓力下亦可吸收流體。
本發明之多孔海綿材料較佳具有5至500 μm、較佳為10至200 μm之孔徑。可在製造海綿生物材料的過程中適當地調節此孔徑,尤其利用在該製造過程中控制乾燥製程來調節此孔徑。
本發明之海綿較佳以「即用型」形式提供,以使其可直接施用於有需要之患者,例如施用於此患者之創傷(此後開始交聯)。因此將本發明之海綿包裝於防止海綿在儲存期間被污染(例如濕氣或微生物)的無菌包裝中。在使用前,可打開包裝(較佳亦在無菌條件下)且可將海綿直接施用於患者(「即用型」)。
如已提及,親水性聚合組分為親水性交聯劑。根據一較佳具體實例,此交聯劑具有超過兩個供交聯之活性基團(「臂」),例如3、4、5、6、7、8或8個以上具有供交聯之活性基團的臂。例如,NHS-PEG-NHS為本發明之有效親水性交聯劑。然而,對於一些具體實例,4臂聚合物(例如4臂p-NP-PEG)可能更佳;基於相同基本原理,對於多反應交聯有利之具體實例,8臂聚合物(例如8臂NHS-PEG)可能甚至更佳。此外,本發明之親水性交聯劑為聚合物,亦即由重複結構單元典型地經共價化學鍵連接而構成的大分子(巨分子)。本發明之聚合物應具有至少1000 Da之分子量(以適當地充當本發明海綿之交聯劑);本發明之交聯聚合物較佳具有至少5000 Da、尤其至少8000 Da之分子量。
對於一些親水性交聯劑,存在鹼性反應條件(例如在投藥部位)對於功能性表現為較佳的或必需的(例如對於投藥部位之較快交聯反應)。例如,可在投藥部位另外提供(例如以緩衝溶液或經該緩衝液浸透之織物或襯墊形式)碳酸根或碳酸氫根離子(例如呈pH值為7.6或7.6以上、較佳為8.0或8.0以上、尤其為8.3及8.3以上之緩衝液形式),以便允許改良本發明海綿之效能或允許有效用作止血及/或創傷黏著材料。
藉由以下實施例進一步例示本發明,但本發明不限於此等實施例。
在隨後之部分中,使用以下縮寫:
ACT 活化凝血時間
AcOH 乙酸
NaOAc 乙酸鈉
aq. 水溶液
COH102 新戊四醇聚(乙二醇)醚四丁二醯亞胺基戊二酸酯=新戊四醇肆[1-1'-側氧基-5'-丁二醯亞胺基戊酸酯-2-聚氧乙二醇]醚(=NHS-PEG,MW 10,000)
EtOH 乙醇
PEG 聚乙二醇
PET 聚對苯二甲酸伸乙酯
min 分鐘
NHS-PEG-NHS α-[6-[(2,5-二側氧基-1-吡咯啶基)氧基]-6-側氧基己基]-ω-[6-[(2,5-二側氧基-1-吡咯啶基)氧基]-6-側氧基己氧基]-聚氧乙烯
8臂NHS-PEG 六甘油八(丁二醯亞胺基氧基戊二醯基)聚氧乙烯
4臂p-NP-PEG 新戊四醇肆(4-硝基苯氧基羰基)聚氧乙烯
CHO-PEG-CHO 同雙官能基醛-聚乙二醇
環氧樹脂-PEG-環氧樹脂 同雙官能基環氧樹脂-聚乙二醇
4臂環氧樹脂-PEG 同多官能基環氧樹脂聚乙二醇
ISC-PEG-ISC 同雙官能基異氰酸酯-聚乙二醇
AA-聚葡萄糖 醛活化聚葡萄糖
DSS 二丁二醯亞胺基辛二酸酯
EGS 乙二醇-雙(丁二酸N-羥基丁二醯亞胺酯)
用於測試本發明止血墊之效力的動物止血模型(肝表面擦傷模型)
在肝表面擦傷模型中測試本發明止血墊對肝素化(2×ACT)豬之止血效力。藉由平坦圓形旋轉式擦傷工具在肝表面上產生一個圓形流血創傷(直徑1.8 cm)。將呈乾燥狀態之本發明襯墊(大小=3×3 cm)施用於流血創傷上且用經生理食鹽水濕潤之紗布施加輕微壓力2分鐘以固定就位。評估止血效力。
實施例1:製備牛膠原蛋白懸浮液
使50 g牛真皮切片分散於500 ml 2 M NaOH溶液中且在25℃下攪拌約90分鐘。篩出真皮且用蒸餾H2
O沖洗直至流出H2
O達到約8.0之pH值。使經洗滌之真皮切片再懸浮於H2
O中且用HCl將pH值調節至約2.0。所得懸浮液在約25℃下攪拌隔夜且獲得膠原蛋白溶液。使所得溶液冷卻至5℃且用NaOH將pH值調節至中性。藉由使溶液保持18℃而不攪拌來進行膠原蛋白沈澱隔夜。藉由過濾分離所得膠原蛋白沈澱物。藉由重量分析法測定所得材料的膠原蛋白濃度。視情況可與戊二醛進行化學交聯,其中製備1%膠原蛋白水懸浮液且在12℃下添加5000 ppm戊二醛。將所得懸浮液攪拌隔夜。過濾所得交聯膠原蛋白且用H2
O洗滌。如上文所述測定所得材料的膠原蛋白濃度。
實施例2:經NHS-PEG塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊
使COH102粉末均勻分佈於市售膠原蛋白海綿(,Dr. Suwelack Skin and Healthcare,Germany,1 mm或2 mm厚)的一個表面上。COH102之塗佈用量為2 mg/cm2
、7 mg/cm2
、10 mg/cm2
、14 mg/cm2
、20 mg/cm2
。藉由熔融將COH102粉末固定於海綿表面上。此舉如下進行:將具有PEG粉末混合物之海綿置於預熱之烘箱中、在60℃至65℃下維持4分鐘。
所得乾燥海綿體與乾燥劑囊一起密封於不透氣袋中且在25千格雷(kGray)下經γ滅菌。
實施例3:經NHS-PEG浸漬之膠原蛋白襯墊
製備濃度為10 mg/cm3
、20 mg/cm3
、30 mg/cm3
及40 mg/cm3
的COH102之酸性水溶液(pH 3.0,AcOH)且將其填充於9×7 cm PET盤中。將與先前填充之COH102溶液具有相同體積的9×7×0.1 cm或9×7×0.2 cm之市售牛膠原蛋白海綿(Matristypt)置於溶液頂部以浸漬20分鐘。吸收COH102溶液且將所得膠原蛋白材料凍乾。所得海綿可如實施例2中所述另外經COH102塗佈。
凍乾及/或塗佈後,將所得各乾燥海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中且在25千格雷下藉由γ照射加以滅菌。
實施例4:經NHS-PEG塗佈的含有氧化纖維素粉末之膠原蛋白襯墊
使0.5 g或1 g TraumastemP粉末(Bioster,Czech Republic)均勻分佈於根據實施例1所製造的22 ml中性膠原蛋白水懸浮液(2.15 mg/ml;4.3 mg/ml及10 mg/ml)中。將所得混合物填充於9×7 cm PET平盤中並凍乾。所得纖維網具有約3至4 mm之厚度且如實施例2中所述經COH102塗佈。
塗佈後,所得各海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中且在25千格雷下藉由γ照射滅菌。
實施例5:經NHS-PEG塗佈的含有氧化纖維素織物之膠原蛋白襯墊
將6×5 cm TraumastemTAF輕織物(Bioster,Czech Republic)浸沒於如實施例1中所述之1%牛膠原蛋白懸浮液中。6×5 cm氧化纖維素織物保留約6 g膠原蛋白懸浮液。獲得經膠原蛋白懸浮液浸透之織物且置於盤中並凍乾。所得纖維網具有約3至4 mm之厚度且如實施例2中所述經COH102塗佈。
塗佈後,所得各海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中且在25千格雷下藉由γ照射滅菌。
實施例6:經NHS-PEG塗佈之氧化纖維素織物
雙層TraumastemP纖維網(Bioster,Czech Republic)如實施例2中所述經14 mg/cm2
COH102塗佈。所得襯墊之厚度為約1-2 mm。
實施例7:經NHS-PEG塗佈之含有岩藻依聚糖(fucoidan)作為止血增強物質的膠原蛋白襯墊
用相同體積的泡葉藻(A. nodosum)岩藻依聚糖(fucoidan)溶液(10 μM及200 μM,於40 mM Ca2+
溶液中)浸漬牛膠原蛋白海綿Matristypt(9×7×0.2 cm)並凍乾。所得海綿如實施例2中所述經COH102塗佈。
實施例8:經NHS-PEG塗佈之含有凝血酶作為止血增強物質的膠原蛋白襯墊
用相同體積之凝血酶溶液(500 IU/ml)浸漬牛膠原蛋白海綿Matristypt(9×7×0.2cm)並凍乾。所得海綿如實施例2中所述經COH102塗佈。
實施例9:經NHS-PEG塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊的密封效力
根據實施例2製造經14 mg/cm2
COH102塗佈之止血墊。藉由解剖刀在豬肺上設定直徑為約1.5至2 cm之損傷。將該襯墊之3×3 cm樣品施用於創傷上且藉助於紗布施加輕微壓力2分鐘以固定就位。紗布經生理食鹽水或鹼性碳酸氫鹽溶液(pH 8.3)預先濕潤。施用後,襯墊穩固地黏著至肺表面(參看圖6)。使用經碳酸氫鹽濕潤之紗布增加獲得黏著性之速度。為了控制氣密性及襯墊對組織之黏著性,10分鐘後用林格氏溶液(Ringer's solution)填充胸部。未觀察到氣體洩漏或襯墊脫離。
實施例10:經NHS-PEG浸漬之膠原蛋白襯墊的密封效力
根據實施例3製造經40 mg/cm3
COH102浸漬之止血墊。
藉由解剖刀在豬肺上設定直徑為約1.5至2 cm之損傷。將該襯墊之3×3 cm樣品施用於創傷上且藉助於紗布施加輕微壓力2分鐘以固定就位。紗布經鹼性碳酸氫鹽溶液(pH 8.3)預先濕潤。施用後,襯墊穩固地黏著至肺表面。如實施例9中所述測定氣密性及襯墊對組織之黏著性。
實施例11:一個襯墊表面之色彩標記
將由不鏽鋼板(1 mm厚)製成的具有孔圖案的遮罩置於1或2 mm厚膠原蛋白海綿(Matristypt,Dr. Suwelack Skin and Healthcare,Germany)之一個側面上。遮罩之孔具有2 mm之直徑且以彼此相距1 cm之距離置於立式方形網格之節點。藉由標準噴槍裝置將0.5%羊毛罌紅(Erioglaucine)水溶液(Fluka,Switzerland)噴在遮罩之孔上。
移除遮罩,且在環境氛圍下在真空烘箱或乾燥器中乾燥所得具有藍色點圖案的膠原蛋白薄片。位於一個側面上之點圖案具有區別所塗襯墊之活性表面與非活性表面的作用。塗層可塗覆在有點側面上或無點側面上。
實施例12:製備纖維蛋白纖維網
使用靜態混合器混合2.5 mg/ml纖維蛋白原、10 mM Tris/HCl、150 mM NaCl(pH 7.4)與等體積之55 IU/ml凝血酶、10 mM CaCl2
之溶液,且立即填充於0.7 cm高之盤中。在盤中獲得纖維蛋白凝塊。藉由冰凍乾燥該凝塊,獲得纖維蛋白纖維網。
實施例13:製備經NHS-PEG-NHS塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊及在動物模型中對其進行測試
在6×6 cm膠原蛋白襯墊(如實施例11中所述製造)之無色側面上使14 mg/cm2
及28 mg/cm2
雙官能NHS-PEG-NHS(MW 10000,NOF公司,Japan)均勻分佈並藉由熔融加以固定。此舉如下進行:將經PEG粉末塗佈之海綿置於預熱之烘箱中在約70℃下維持4分鐘。
將所得海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中。
用如上文所述之肝擦傷模型測試該等襯墊在豬中的止血效能。2分鐘後達成止血。10分鐘後未觀察到再流血。襯墊充分黏著於組織上。
實施例14;製備經8臂NHS-PEG塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊及在動物模型中對其進行測試
在6×6 cm膠原蛋白襯墊(如實施例11中所述製造)之無色側面上使14 mg/cm2
8臂-NHS-PEG(MW 15000,NOF公司,Japan)均勻分佈並藉由熔融加以固定。此舉如下進行:將具有PEG粉末之海綿置於預熱之烘箱中在65℃下維持4分鐘。
將所得海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中。
在如上文所述之肝擦傷模型中測試該襯墊在豬中的止血效能。2分鐘後達成止血。10分鐘後未觀察到再流血。襯墊充分黏著於組織上。
實施例15a:製備經4臂p-NP-PEG塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊及在動物模型中對其進行測試
在6×6 cm膠原蛋白襯墊(如實施例11中所述製造)之無色側面上使14 mg/cm2
4臂p-NP-PEG(MW 10000,NOF公司,Japan)均勻分佈並藉由熔融加以固定。此舉如下進行:將具有PEG粉末之海綿置於預熱之烘箱中在65℃下維持4分鐘。
將所得海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中。
在如上文所述之肝擦傷模型中測試該襯墊在豬中的止血效能。2分鐘後達成止血。10分鐘後未觀察到再流血。襯墊充分黏著於組織上。
實施例15b:製備經4臂p-NP-PEG塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊及在動物模型中對其進行測試
用如上文所述之肝擦傷模型測試如實施例15a中所製備之襯墊在豬中的止血效能,但進行如下修改:襯墊與經8%鹼性碳酸氫鈉溶液預先濕潤之紗布一起施用。2分鐘後達成止血。10分鐘後未觀察到再流血。襯墊充分黏著於組織上。
實施例16a:製備經CHO-PEG-CHO塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊及在動物模型中對其進行測試
在6×6 cm膠原蛋白襯墊(如實施例11中所述製造)之無色側面上使9.5 mg/cm2
CHO-PEG-CHO(MW 3400,Interchim,France)均勻分佈並藉由熔融加以固定。此舉如下進行:將具有PEG粉末之海綿置於預熱之烘箱中在70℃下維持4分鐘。
將所得海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中。
在如上文所述之肝擦傷模型中測試該襯墊在豬中的止血效能。2分鐘後達成止血。10分鐘後未觀察到再流血。襯墊充分黏著於組織上。
實施例16b:製備經CHO-PEG-CHO塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊及在動物模型中對其進行測試
用如上文所述之肝擦傷模型測試如實施例16a中所製備之襯墊在豬中的止血效能,但進行如下修改:襯墊與經鹼性碳酸氫鈉溶液預先濕潤之紗布一起施用。2分鐘後達成止血。10分鐘後未觀察到再流血。襯墊充分黏著於組織上。
實施例17a:製備經環氧樹脂-PEG-環氧樹脂塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊及在動物模型中對其進行測試
在6×6 cm膠原蛋白襯墊(如實施例11中所述製造)之無色側面上使9.5 mg/cm2
環氧樹脂-PEG-環氧樹脂(MW 3400,Interchim,France)均勻分佈並藉由熔融加以固定。此舉如下進行:將具有PEG粉末之海綿置於預熱之烘箱中在70℃下維持4分鐘。
將所得海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中。
在如上文所述之肝擦傷模型中測試該襯墊在豬中的止血效能。2分鐘後未達成止血。襯墊在組織上之黏著性不足。
實施例17b:製備經環氧樹脂-PEG-環氧樹脂塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊及在動物模型中對其進行測試
用如上文所述之肝擦傷模型測試如實施例17a中所製備之襯墊在豬中的止血效能,但進行如下修改:襯墊與經鹼性碳酸氫鈉溶液預先濕潤之紗布一起施用。2分鐘後達成止血。5分鐘後未觀察到再流血。襯墊充分黏著於組織上。
實施例18:製備經4-臂環氧樹脂-PEG塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊及在動物模型中對其進行測試
在6×6 cm膠原蛋白襯墊(如實施例11中所述製造)之無色側面上使14 mg/cm2
4臂環氧樹脂-PEG(MW 10000,Interchim,France)均勻分佈並藉由熔融加以固定。此舉如下進行:將具有PEG粉末之海綿置於預熱之烘箱中在70℃下維持4分鐘。
將所得海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中。
用如上文所述之肝擦傷模型測試該襯墊在豬中的止血效能,但進行如下修改:襯墊與經鹼性碳酸氫鈉溶液預先濕潤之紗布一起施用。2分鐘後達成止血。5分鐘後未觀察到再流血。襯墊充分黏著於組織上。
實施例19:製備經ISC-PEG-ISC塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊及在動物模型中對其進行測試
在6×6 cm膠原蛋白襯墊(如實施例11中所述製造)之無色側面上使9.5 mg/cm2
ISC-PEG-ISC(MW 3400,Interchim,France)均勻分佈並藉由熔融加以固定。此舉如下進行:將具有PEG粉末之海綿置於預熱之烘箱中在70℃下維持4分鐘。
將所得海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中。
用如上文所述之肝擦傷模型測試該襯墊在豬中的止血效能。2分鐘後達成止血。10分鐘後未觀察到再流血。襯墊充分黏著於組織上。
實施例20:製備經AA-聚葡萄糖塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊及在動物模型中對其進行測試
在6×6 cm膠原蛋白襯墊(如實施例11中所述製造)之無色側面上使0.1 mg/cm2
AA-聚葡萄糖(MW 40000,Pierce,USA)及13.9 mg/cm2
未經取代之PEG(MW 10000,Sigma Aldrich,Germany)之14 mg/cm2
混合物均勻分佈並藉由熔融加以固定。此舉如下進行:將具有粉末混合物之海綿置於預熱之烘箱中在80℃下維持4分鐘。
將所得海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中。
用如上文所述之肝葉擦傷模型測試該襯墊在豬中的止血效能,但進行如下修改:襯墊與經鹼性碳酸氫鈉溶液預先濕潤之紗布一起施用。2分鐘後達成止血。10分鐘後未觀察到再流血。襯墊充分黏著於組織上。
實施例21a:經DSS塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊之製備及其在動物模型中之測試
在6×6 cm膠原蛋白襯墊(如實施例11中所述製造)之無色側面上使DSS(MW 368.35,Sigma Aldrich,Germany)與未經取代之PEG(MW 10000,Sigma Aldrich,Germany)之20 mg/cm2
1:1混合物均勻分佈並藉由熔融加以固定。此舉如下進行:將具有粉末混合物之海綿置於預熱之烘箱中在80℃下維持4分鐘。
將所得海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中。
在如上文所述之肝葉擦傷模型中測試該襯墊在豬中的止血效能。2分鐘後未達成止血。襯墊在組織上之黏著性不足。
實施例21b:製備經DSS塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊及在動物模型中對其進行測試
用如上文所述之肝葉擦傷模型測試如實施例21a中所製備之襯墊在豬中的止血效能,但進行如下修改:襯墊與經鹼性碳酸氫鹽溶液預先濕潤之紗布一起施用。2分鐘後達成止血。10分鐘後未觀察到再流血。襯墊充分黏著於組織上。
實施例22a:製備經EGS塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊及在動物模型中對其進行測試
在6×6 cm膠原蛋白襯墊(如實施例11中所述製造)之無色側面上使EGS(MW 456.36,Sigma Aldrich,Germany)與未經取代之PEG(MW 10000,Sigma Aldrich,Germany)之26 mg/cm2
1:1混合物均勻分佈並藉由熔融加以固定。此舉如下進行:將具有粉末混合物之海綿置於預熱之烘箱中在80℃下維持4分鐘。
將所得海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中。
用如上文所述之肝擦傷模型測試該襯墊在豬中的止血效能。2分鐘後未達成止血。襯墊在組織上之黏著性不足。
實施例22b:製備經EGS塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊及在動物模型中對其進行測試
用如上文所述之肝擦傷模型測試如實施例22a中所製備之襯墊在豬中的止血效能,但進行如下修改:襯墊與經鹼性碳酸氫鈉溶液預先濕潤之紗布一起施用。2分鐘後達成止血。10分鐘後未觀察到再流血。襯墊充分黏著於組織上。
實施例23:經NHS-PEG塗佈之纖維蛋白纖維網
在如實施例12中所述而製造之纖維蛋白纖維網之一個側面上使14 mg/cm2
COH102均勻分佈並藉由熔融加以固定。此舉如下進行:將具有PEG粉末之海綿置於預熱之烘箱中在65℃下維持4分鐘。
將所得海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中。
用如上文所述之肝擦傷模型測試該襯墊在豬中的止血效能。2分鐘後達成止血。10分鐘後未觀察到再流血。襯墊充分黏著於組織上。
實施例24:對組織之黏著力與用於膠原蛋白襯墊塗層之交聯劑之間的關係
將襯墊施用於肝擦傷模型之流血組織後,評估襯墊對肝組織之黏著性。用鉗子側部施加輕微切向力。若不能使襯墊自施用部位移動,則認為存在黏著性(與組織結合)。黏著性評分:1=在施用後5分鐘時不移動;2=在施用後10分鐘不移動;3=在施用後10分鐘移動(無黏著性)。
實施例25:經NHS-PEG塗佈之聚葡萄胺糖/明膠海綿及在動物模型中對其進行測試
在市售聚葡萄胺糖/明膠海綿(Chitoskin,Beese Medical,Germany)上使14 mg/cm2
COH102均勻分佈且藉由熔融加以固定。此舉如下進行:將具有PEG粉末之海綿置於預熱之烘箱中在65℃下維持4分鐘。
將所得海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中。
用如上文所述之肝擦傷模型測試該襯墊在豬中的止血效能。2分鐘後達成止血。10分鐘後未觀察到再流血(圖9)。襯墊充分黏著於組織上。
實施例26:製備經NHS-PEG塗佈之明膠襯墊及在動物模型中對其進行測試
在市售明膠海綿(Gelfoam,Pfizer,USA)上使14 mg/cm2
COH102均勻分佈且藉由熔融加以固定。此舉如下進行:將經PEG粉末塗佈之海綿置於預熱之烘箱中在約70℃下維持4分鐘。
將所得海綿與含有乾燥劑之囊一起密封於不透氣袋中。
用如上文所述之肝表面擦傷模型測試該等襯墊在豬中的止血效能。10分鐘後,因在組織上缺乏黏著性而未達成止血且減緩海綿吸收液體。
實施例27:水吸收速度
將乾膠原蛋白海綿(Matristypt,Dr. Suwelack,Germany)或乾交聯明膠海綿(Gelfoam,Pfizer)之2×2 cm碎片置於燒杯中之蒸餾H2
O表面上。乾海綿浮在水表面上且經2×2 cm接觸表面吸收水。6秒後,Matristypt完全被H2
O浸透,且將其自水表面移除。13秒後,較厚Gelfoam海綿未完全被H2
O浸透,但在13秒後將其自水表面移除。根據2×2 cm海綿在與水表面接觸之前及之後之重量、與水表面接觸之時間及與水表面接觸之面積,計算單位接觸表面(cm2
)之海綿初始水吸收速度(毫克水/秒)。Matristypt之初始水吸收速度為35 mg×cm-1
s-1
,且Gelfoam之初始水吸收速度為0.8 mg×cm-1
s-1
。
圖1:
經NHS-PEG塗佈之膠原蛋白襯墊的止血效力
止血墊係根據實施例2製造且經14 mg/cm2
COH102塗佈(如上文所定義)。如上文所述根據動物評估止血效力。施用襯墊後2分鐘時停止流血。未觀察到再流血。
圖2:
經NHS-PEG浸漬之膠原蛋白襯墊的止血效力
止血墊係根據實施例3製造且經8 mg/cm2
COH102浸漬。如上文所述根據動物評估止血效力。施用襯墊後2分鐘時停止流血。未觀察到再流血。
圖3:
經NHS-PEG塗佈之含有氧化纖維素織物之膠原蛋白襯墊的止血效力
止血墊係根據實施例5製造且經14 mg/cm2
COH102塗佈。如上文所述根據動物評估止血效力。施用襯墊後2分鐘時停止流血。未觀察到再流血。
圖4:
經NHS-PEG塗佈之氧化纖維素織物的止血效力
止血墊係根據實施例6製造且經14 mg/cm2
COH102塗佈。如上文所述根據動物評估止血效力。施用襯墊後2分鐘時停止流血。未觀察到再流血。
圖5:
經NHS-PEG塗佈之含有岩藻依聚糖(fucoidan)作為止血增強物質之膠原蛋白襯墊的止血效力
止血墊係根據實施例7製造且經14 mg/cm2
COH102塗佈。如上文所述根據動物評估止血效力。施用襯墊後2分鐘時停止流血。未觀察到再流血。
圖6:
經不連續塗佈之膠原蛋白海綿表面的掃描電子顯微術影像(放大:×500)
圖7:
經連續塗佈之膠原蛋白海綿表面的掃描電子顯微術影像(放大:×500)
圖8:
肝葉擦傷模型中經14 mg/cm2
COH102塗佈之Gelfoam
圖9:
肝葉擦傷模型中經14 mg/cm2
COH102塗佈之Chitoskin
Claims (32)
- 一種多孔複合止血棉,其包含:i)生物材料基質;及ii)一種包含活性基團之親電子性交聯劑的單一親水性聚合組分;其中i)與ii)係彼此締合以保留該單一親水性聚合組分之活性,其中締合意謂:該單一親水性聚合組分塗佈於該生物材料基質之表面上及/或該基質經該聚合材料浸漬;其中該多孔複合止血棉不包含親核性之親水性組分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之止血棉,其中該生物材料係選自由以下組成之群:膠原蛋白、明膠、纖維蛋白、多醣、合成生物可降解生物材料及其衍生物。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之止血棉,其中該多醣為聚葡萄胺糖。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之止血棉,其中該合成生物可降解生物材料為聚乳酸或聚乙醇酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第4項中任一項之止血棉,其中該單一親水性聚合組分為聚環氧烷(polyalkylene oxide)聚合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之止血棉,其中該聚環氧烷聚合物為包含PEG之聚合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之止血棉,其中該聚環氧烷聚合物為多親電子基聚環氧烷聚合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之止血棉,其中該聚環氧烷聚合物為多親電子基PEG。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之止血棉,其中該多親電子基PEG為新戊四醇聚(乙二醇)醚四丁二醯亞胺基戊二酸酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之止血棉,其中該生物材料為膠原蛋白且該單一親水性聚合組分為新戊四醇聚(乙二醇)醚四丁二醯亞胺基戊二酸酯,其中該單一親水性聚合組分係塗佈於該膠原蛋白上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之止血棉,其中該生物材料為膠原蛋白且該單一親水性聚合組分為新戊四醇聚(乙二醇)醚四丁二醯亞胺基戊二酸酯,其中該單一親水性聚合組分係浸漬於該膠原蛋白中。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項至第11項中任一項之止血棉的用途,其係用於製造用於處理選自由創傷、出血、組織損傷及/或組織流血組成之群的損傷之醫藥品。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之用途,其中該醫藥品係與緩衝溶液一起施用於該損傷。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之用途,其中該緩衝溶液為碳酸氫鹽溶液。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之用途,其中該緩衝溶液施用於紗布上。
- 一種套組,其包含如申請專利範圍第1項至第11項中任一項之止血棉及緩衝溶液以及其使用說明書。
- 如申請專利範圍第16項之套組,其中該緩衝溶液為鹼性 緩衝溶液。
- 如申請專利範圍第16項之套組,其中該緩衝溶液為碳酸氫鹽。
- 一種製造止血棉之方法,其包含:a)提供包含呈乾燥形式之生物材料基質的海綿;b)提供一種呈乾粉末形式之活性聚合材料;c)使a)與b)接觸以使該b)材料存在於該止血棉之至少一個表面上;及d)將該b)材料固定於該a)止血棉上。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之方法,其中藉由在30℃至80℃之溫度下熔融足以固定之時段。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之方法,其中藉由在60℃至65℃之溫度下熔融來達成固定。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之方法,其中藉由熔融1分鐘至10分鐘之時段來達成固定。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之方法,其中藉由熔融約4分鐘之時段來達成固定。
- 一種製造止血棉之方法,其包含:a)提供包含呈乾燥形式之生物材料基質的海綿;b)提供一種呈溶液形式之活性聚合材料;c)使a)與b)接觸以使該a)材料經b)浸漬;及d)乾燥步驟c)中所獲得之該材料。
- 一種海綿,其可根據申請專利範圍第19項至第24項中任一項方法獲得。
- 一種止血複合物,其包含止血材料及具有活性基團之親電子性交聯劑的單一親水性聚合組分,該複合物包含允許外部流體接入該複合物中的孔隙,其中該止血複合物不包含親核性的親水性組分。
- 如申請專利範圍第26項之止血複合物,其中該外部流體為人類血液。
- 如申請專利範圍第26項之止血複合物,其中該止血材料為止血纖維之非編織織物或編織織物或多孔止血棉。
- 如申請專利範圍第26項至第28項中任一項之止血複合物,其中該止血材料為膠原蛋白海綿、氧化纖維素織物、纖維蛋白海綿或明膠海綿。
- 如申請專利範圍第26項之止血複合物,其中該單一親水性聚合組分為聚乙二醇(PEG)。
- 如申請專利範圍第30項之止血複合物,其中該PEG為包含兩個或兩個以上選自丁二醯亞胺酯基(-CON(COCH2 )2 )、醛基(-CHO)及異氰酸酯基(-N=C=O)之活性基團的PEG。
- 如申請專利範圍第30項之止血複合物,其中該PEG為包含兩個或兩個以上選自丁二醯亞胺酯基之活性基團的PEG。
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